A FLORA CHECKLIST

A F L O R A C H E C K L I S T 

O F N O R T H A M P T O N S H I R E & T H E S O K E O F P E T E R B O R O U G H 

ROB WILSON 

1

A FLORA CHECKLIST OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE & THE SOKE OF PETERBOROUGH : 2012 

INTRODUCTION 

The first edition of this checklist was published in 2008 as 

an aide to members of the Northamptonshire Flora Group 

who were recording the distribution of species for the 

forthcoming new Flora of Northamptonshire and the Soke 

of Peterborough, due for publication in 2012 - 2013. It 

was based on the species detailed in the 1995 Flora of 

Northamptonshire and the Soke of Peterborough. 

Recording for the projected new flora has brought to light 

a considerable number of species not previously found in 

the county. This has made it necessary to update the 

checklist. This edition contains all the species ever found 

in the vice-county up to end of 2011. It is the intention to 

keep this check-list updated and to post an updated 

version on the BSBI web site at regular intervals. 

The names in the checklist have been brought into line 

with those used in the third edition of the new Flora of 

the British Isles (Stace 2010), but it also includes species, 

mainly garden escapes or casuals that no longer occur in 

the British Isles, that are not included in this publication 

and reference has been made to numerous other 

publications including various handbooks published by 

the BSBI. The three columns in the table list the current 

taxonomic name, followed by the Accepted English name 

and the status within the vice-county. The latter has split 

into five categories: 

Native 

A plant that has been growing in VC32, usually for many 

thousands of years, without being either accidentally or 

intentionally introduced by man; it also includes naturally 

occurring hybrids even if the parents do not occur in the 

vice-county. 

Archeophyte 

A naturalised plant believed to have been introduced into 

the vice-county by man, before 1500 AD; it is considered 

to denaturalized if it maintains itself or increases itself 

from year to year by seed set or vegetative spread. 

2 

Neophyte 

A naturalised plant believed to have been introduced into 

the vice-county by man, after the year 1500 AD; it is 

considered to be naturalised if it maintains itself or 

increases year by year either by seed set or vegetative 

spread. 

Introduction 

An alien plant that has been deliberately introduced into 

the countryside or urban areas; included in this section 

are trees that have been deliberately introduced and 

which will survive for many years but will become extinct 

if not re-introduced. As a general rule trees in gardens 

have not been recorded although occasionally exceptions 

have been made for specimen trees of trees of some 

historic interest. 

Casual 

An alien plant that has arrived accidently but cannot 

maintain itself by seed set or vegetative spread and 

requires continual re-introduction to maintain its 

presence. It has not been deliberately introduced. It is 

highly likely that many of these ephemeral species have 

been missed. 

At the end of the main list are two Appendices that list 

species that have been listed in print as present in 

Northamptonshire, but are now considered to be errors, 

and Rubus species that are listed in The Flora of 

Northamptonshire (Druce 1930) for which I have been 

unable to trace the current taxonomy. 

As this list is a work in progress, being continually 

updated as new data becomes available; the author 

would be pleased to receive any comments or details of 

any additional species. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

My thanks are due to various botanists past and present, 

too numerous to mention individually, who have 

recorded the flora of this vice-county. 

Rob Wilson December 2012 

Cover picture: Early-purple orchid Orchis mascula in Rawhaw Wood. Above: Traveller’s-joy Clematis vitalba in a roadside hedge between Apethorpe and 

King’s Cliffe. (Rob Wilson)

TAXON COMMON NAME STATUS 

Abies alba Mill. European Silver-fir Introduction 

Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. Giant Fir Introduction 

Acaena novae-zelandiae Kirk Pirri-pirri-bur Casual 

Acer campestre L. Field Maple Native 

Acer capillipes Maxim. ex Miq. Red Snake-bark Maple Introduction 

Acer cappadocicum Gled. Cappadocian Maple Introduction 

Acer japonicum Thunb. Downy Japanese-maple Introduction 

Acer negundo L. Ashleaf Maple Introduction 

Acer platanoides L. Norway Maple Introduction 

Acer pseudoplatanus L. Sycamore Introduction 

Acer saccharinum L. Silver Maple Introduction 

Acer villosum C. Presl. Mediterranean Sycamore Introduction 

Achillea millefolium L. Yarrow Native 

Achillea ptarmica L. Sneezewort Native 

Aconitum napellus L. Monk’s-hood Casual 

Acorus calamus L. Sweet-flag Neophyte 

Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Maidenhair Fern Casual 

Adonis annua L. Pheasant’s-eye Archeophyte 

Adoxa moschatellina L. Moschatel Native 

Aegopodium podagraria L. Ground-elder Archeophyte 

Aesculus carnea J. Zeyh. Red Horse-chestnut Introduction 

Aesculus flava Sol. Yellow Buckeye Introduction 

Aesculus hippocastanum L. Horse-chestnut Introduction 

Aesculus indica (Cambess.) Hook. Indian Horse-chestnut Introduction 

Aesculus turbinata Blume Japanese Horse-chestnut Introduction 

Aethusa cynapium ssp. agrestis (Wallr.) Dostál 

ssp. cynapium L. 

3 

Fool's Parsley Archeophyte 

Native 

Agrimonia eupatoria L. Agrimony Native 

Agrimonia procera Wallr. Fragrant Agrimony Native 

Agrostemma githago L. Corncockle Archeophyte 

Agrostis canina L. Velvet Bent Native 

Agrostis capillaris L. Common Bent Native 

Agrostis gigantea Roth Black Bent Archeophyte 

Agrostis stolonifera L. Creeping Bent Native 

Agrostis vinealis Schreb. Brown Bent Native 

Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Tree-of-heaven Introduction 

Aira caryophyllea L. Silver Hair-grass Native 

Aira praecox L. Early Hair-grass Native 

Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. Ground-pine Native 

Ajuga reptans L. Bugle Native 

Alcea rosea L. Hollyhock Casual 

Alchemilla filicaulis ssp. vestita (Buser) M.E. Bradshaw Hairy Lady’s-mantle Native 

Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. Soft Lady’s-mantle Casual 

Alchemilla vulgaris agg. L. Lady’s-mantle Native 

Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm. Pale Lady’s-mantle Native 

Alisma lanceolatum With. Narrow-leaved Water-plantain Native 

Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Water-plantain Native 

Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande Garlic Mustard Native

Allium christophii Trautv. Star of Persia Casual 

Allium oleraceum L. Field garlic Native 

Allium paradoxum (M. Bieb.) G. Don Few-flowered Leek Casual 

Allium ursinum L. Ramsons Native 

Allium roseum L. Rosy Garlic Casual 

Allium vineale L. Wild Onion Native 

Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby Italian Alder Introduction 

Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Alder Native 

Alnus incana (L.) Moench GreyAlder Introduction 

Alnus viridis (Chaix.) D. C. Green Alder Introduction 

Alnus x hybrida A Braun ex Rchb. Hybrid Alder Introduction 

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Orange Foxtail Native 

Alopecurus geniculatus L. Marsh Foxtail Native 

Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Black-grass Aecheophyte 

Alopecurus pratensis L. Meadow Foxtail Native 

Alopecurus x brachystylus Peterm. Native 

Althaea officinalis L. Marsh-mallow Casual 

Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. Small Alison Casual 

Amaranthus albus L. White Pigweed Casual 

Amaranthus capensis ssp.uncinatus (Thell.) Brennan Cape Pigweed Casual 

Amaranthus caudatus L. Love-lies-bleeding Casual 

Amaranthus cruentus L. Purple Amaranth Casual 

Amaranthus hybridus L. Green Amaranth Casual 

Amaranthus retroflexus L. Common Amaranth Casual 

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Ragweed Casual 

Amelanchier lamarckii F.G.Schroed. Juneberry Introduction 

Ammi majus L. Bullwort Casual 

Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm. Scarce Fiddleneck Casual 

Amsinckia micrantha Suksd. Common Fiddleneck Casual 

Anacamptis morio (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeom & M.W. Chase Green-winged Orchid Native 

Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. Pyramidal Orchid Native 

Anagallis arvensis ssp. arvensis L. 

ssp. foemina (Mill.) Schinz & Thell. 

4 

Scarlet Pimpernel 

Blue Pimpernel 

Native 

Archeophyte 

Anagallis tenella (L.) L. Bog Pimpernel Native 

Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb. Bugloss Archeophyte 

Anchusa officinalis L. Alkanet Casual 

Anemone apennina L. Blue Anemone Casual 

Anemone blanda Schott & Kotschy Balkan Anemone Casual 

Anemone nemorosa L. Wood Anemone Native 

Anemone ranunculoides L. Yellow Anemone Casual 

Anemone x hybrida Paxton L. Japanese Anemone Casual 

Anethum graveolens L. Dill Casual 

Angelica sylvestris L. Wild Angelica Native 

Anisantha diandra (Roth) Tutin ex Tzvelev Great Brome Casual 

Anisantha sterilis (L.) Nevski Barren Brome Archeophyte 

Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. Mountain Everlasting Native 

Anthemis arvensis L. Corn Chamomile Archeophyte 

Anthemis cotula L. Stinking Chamomile Archeophyte 

Anthemis tinctoria L. Yellow Chamomile Neophyte

Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. Annual Vernal-grass Neophyte 

Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sweet Vernal-grass Native 

Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb. Bur Chervil Native 

Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. Cow Parsley Native 

Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. carpatica (Pant.) Nyman 

ssp. vulneraria L. 

5 

Kidney Vetch 

Casual 

Native 

Antirrhinum majus L. Snapdragon Neophyte 

Apera interrupta (L.) P. Beauv. Dense Silky-bent Casual 

Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. Loose Silky-bent Casual 

Aphanes arvensis L. Parsley-piert Native 

Aphanes australis Rydb Slender Parsley-piert Native 

Apium graveolens L. Wild Celery Casual 

Apium inundatum (L.) Rchb. f. Lesser Marshwort Native 

Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag. Fool’s-water-cress Native 

Apium x moorei (Syme) Druce Native 

Aponogeton distachyos L. f. Cape-pondweed Casual 

Aquilegia vulgaris L. Columbine Native 

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Thale Cress Native 

Arabis caucasica Willd. ex Schltdl. Garden Arabis Casual 

Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Hairy Rock-cress Native 

Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch. Monkey-puzzle Introduction 

Arbutus unedo L. Strawberry-tree Introduction 

Arctium lappa L. Greater Burdock Archeophyte 

Arctium minus ssp. minus (Hill) Bernh. 

ssp. pubens (Bab.) P. Fourn. 

Lesser Burdock 

Native 

Arctium nemorosum Lej. Wood Burdock Native 

Arenaria balearica L. Mossy Sandwort Casual 

Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss. Slender Sandwort Native 

Arenaria serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved Sandwort Native 

Aristolochia clematitis L. Birthwort Casual 

Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb Horse-radish Neophyte 

Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Körte Lamb’s Succory Archeophyte 

Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.& C.Presl False Oat-grass Native 

Artemisa scoparia Waldst. & Kitam. Redstem Wormwood Casual 

Artemisia absinthium L. Wormwood Archeophyte 

Artemisia biennis Willd. Slender Mugwort Casual 

Artemisia dracunculus L. Tarragon Casual 

Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte Chinese Mugwort Neophyte 

Artemisia vulgaris L. Mugwort Archeophyte 

Arum italicum ssp. italicum Mill. Italian Lords-and-ladies Casual 

Arum maculatum L. Lords-and-ladies Native 

Asarina procumbens Mill. Trailing Snapdragon Casual 

Asparagus officinalis L. Garden Asparagus Casual 

Asperugo procumbens L. Madwort Casual 

Asperula arvensis L. Blue Woodruff Casual 

Asperula cynanchica ssp. cynanchia L. Squinancywort Native 

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. Black Spleenwort Native 

Asplenium ceterach L. Rustyback Native 

Asplenium ruta-muraria L. Wall-rue Native 

Asplenium scolopendrium L. Hart’s-tongue Native

Asplenium trichomanes ssp. quadrivalens D.E. Mey. Maidenhair Spleenwort Native 

Aster lanceolatus Willd. Narrow-leaved Michelmasdaisy 

6 

Neophyte 

Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. Goldilocks Aster Casual 

Aster novi-belgii L. Confused Michelmas-daisy Neophyte 

Aster tripolium L. Sea Aster Casual 

Aster x salignus Willd. Common Michelmas-daisy Neophyte 

Astragalus danicus Retz. Purple Milk-vetch Native 

Astragalus glycyphyllos L. Wild Liquorice Native 

Astrantia major L. Astrantia Casual 

Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Lady-fern Native 

Atriplex hortensis L. Garden Orache Casual 

Atriplex littoralis L. Grass-leaved Orache Casual 

Atriplex patula L. Common Orache Native 

Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. Spear-leaved Orache Native 

Atropa belladonna L. Deadly Nightshade Native 

Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC. Aubretia Casual 

Aucuba japonica Thunb. Spotted-laurel Introduction 

Avena fatua L. Wild -oat Archeophyte 

Avena sativa L. Oat Casual 

Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne. Winter Wild-oat Neophyte 

Avena strigosa Schreb. Bristle Oat Casual 

Avenula pratensis (L.) Dumort. Meadow Oat-grass Native 

Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. Downy Oat-grass Native 

Axyris amaranthoides L. Russian Pigweed Casual 

Azolla filiculoides Lam. Water Fern Casual 

Baldellia ranunculoides ssp. ranunculoides (L.) Parl. Lesser Water-plantain Native 

Ballota nigra ssp. meridionalis (Bég.) Bég Black Horehound Archeophyte 

Barbarea intermedia Boreau Medium-flowered Winter-cress Casual 

Barbarea stricta Andrz. Small-flowered Winter-cress Casual 

Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. American Winter-cress Casual 

Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton Winter-cress Native 

Bassia scoparia (L.) Voss Summer-cypress Casual 

Bellis perennis L. Daisy Native 

Berberis darwinii Hook. Darwin's Barberry Introduction 

Berberis julianae C.K. Schneid. Chinese Barberry Introduction 

Berberis thunbergii DC. Thunberg's Barberry Introduction 

Berberis vulgaris L. Barberry Neophyte 

Berberis x stenophylla Lindl. Hedge Barberry Introduction 

Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Hoary Alison Casual 

Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville Lesser water-parsnip Native 

Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang. 

ssp. vulgaris L. 

Sea Beet 

Beet 

Casual 

Betonica officinalis L. Betony Native 

Betula pendula Roth Silver Birch Native 

Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens Ehrh. Downy Birch Native 

Bidens cernua L. Nodding Bur-marigold Native 

Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. London Bur-marigold Neophyte 

Bidens tripartita L. Trifid Bur-marigold Native 

Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. Yellow-wort Native

Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth Hard-fern Native 

Blysmus compressus (L.) Panz. ex Link Flat-sedge Native 

Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla Sea Club-rush Neophyte 

Borago officinalis L. Borage Casual 

Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Moonwort Native 

Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv. Heath False-brome Native 

Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. False Brome Native 

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chinese Mustard Casual 

Brassica napus ssp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. 

ssp. rapifera Metzg. 

7 

Oil-seed Rape 

Swede 

Casual 

Neophyte 

Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch Black Mustard Native 

Brassica oleracea L. Cabbage Casual 

Brassica rapa ssp. campestris (L.) A.R. Clapham Wild Turnip Archeophyte 

Briza maxima L. Greater Quaking-grass Casual 

Briza media L. Quaking-grass Native 

Bromopsis erecta (Huds.) Fourr. Upright Brome Native 

Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub. Hungarian Brome Casual 

Bromopsis ramosa (Huds.) Holub Hairy-brome Native 

Bromus alopecurus Poir. Casual 

Bromus arvensis L. Field Brome Casual 

Bromus commutatus Schrad. Meadow Brome Native 

Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus L. 

ssp. thominei (Hardouin) Braun-Blanq. 

Soft-brome 

Native 

Bromus interruptus (Hack.) Druce Interrupted Brome Neophyte 

Bromus lepidus Holmb. Slender Soft-brome Neophyte 

Bromus racemosus L. Smooth Brome Native 

Bromus secalinus L. Rye Brome Neophyte 

Bromus x pseudothominei P.M. Sm. Lesser Soft-brome Neophyte 

Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) I.M. Johnst. Great Forget-me-not Casual 

Bryonia dioica Jacq. White Bryony Native 

Buddleja davidii Franch. Butterfly-bush Neophyte 

Buddleja globosa Hope Orange-ball-tree Introduction 

Bunias erucago L. Southern Warty-cabbage Casual 

Bunias orientalis L. Warty-cabbage Casual 

Bupleurum rotundifolium L. Thorow-wax Casual 

Bupleurum tenuissimum L. Slender Hare’s-ear Casual 

Butomus umbellatus L. Flowering-rush Native 

Buxus sempervirens L. Box Neophyte 

Calamagrostis canescens (F.H. Wigg.) Roth Purple Small-reed Native 

Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth Wood Small-reed Native 

Calendula officinalis L. Pot Marigold Casual 

Callitriche brutia ssp. hamulata (Kütz. Ex W.D.J. Koch) O. Bolòs Vigo Intermediate Water-starwort Native 

Callitriche obtusangula Le Gall Blunt-fruited Water-starwort Native 

Callitriche platycarpa Kütz. Various-leaved Water-starwort Native 

Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Common Water-starwort Native 

Callitriche truncata Guss. Short-leaved Water-starwort Casual 

Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull Heather Native 

Caltha palustris L. Marsh-marigold Native 

Calystegia pulchra Brummitt & Heywood Hairy Bindweed Casual 

Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium (L.) R. Br. Hedge Bindweed Native

Calystegia x lucana (Ten.) G. Don Native 

Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. Large Bindweed Neophyte 

Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. Casual 

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Gold-of-pleasure Casual 

Campanula glomerata L. Clustered Bellflower Native 

Campanula latifolia L. Giant Bellflower Native 

Campanula medium L. Canterbury-bells Casual 

Campanula persicifolia L. Peach-leaved Bellflower Casual 

Campanula poscharskyana Degen. Trailing Bellflower Casual 

Campanula rapunculoides L. Creeping Bellflower Casual 

Campanula rotundifolia ssp. rotundifolia L. Harebell Native 

Campanula trachelium L. Nettle-leaved Bellflower Native 

Cannabis sativa L. Hemp Casual 

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Shepherd’s-purse Archeophyte 

Cardamine amara L. Large Bitter-cress Native 

Cardamine flexuosa With. Wavy Bitter-cress Native 

Cardamine hirsuta L. Hairy Bitter-cress Native 

Cardamine impatiens L. Narrow-leaved Bitter-cress Native 

Cardamine pratensis L. Cuckooflower Native 

Cardamine raphanifolia Pourr. Greater Cuckooflower Casual 

Carduus crispus ssp. multiflorus (Gaudin) Gremli Welted Thistle Native 

Carduus nutans L. Musk Thistle Native 

Carduus x stangii H. Buek ex Nyman Native 

Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis Slender Thistle Native 

Carex acuta L. Slender Tufted-sedge Native 

Carex acutiformis Ehrh. Lesser Pond-sedge Native 

Carex binervis Sm. Green-ribbed Sedge Native 

Carex caryophyllea Latourr. Spring-sedge Native 

Carex demissa Hornem. Common Yellow-sedge Native 

Carex dioica L. Dioecious Sedge Native 

Carex distans L. Distant Sedge Native 

Carex disticha Huds. Brown Sedge Native 

Carex divulsa ssp. divulsa Stokes 

ssp. leersii (F.W. Schultz) W. Koch 

Grey Sedge 

Native 

Carex echinata Murray Star Sedge Native 

Carex elata All. Tufted-sedge Native 

Carex ericetorum Pollich Rare Spring-sedge Native 

Carex flacca Schreb. Glaucous Sedge Native 

Carex hirta L. Hairy Sedge Native 

Carex hostiana DC. Tawny Sedge Native 

Carex laevigata Sm. Smooth-stalked Sedge Native 

Carex lepidocarpa Tausch Long-stalked Yellow-sedge Native 

Carex leporina L. Oval Sedge Native 

Carex muricata ssp. pairae (F.W. Schultz) Čelak. Prickly-sedge Native 

Carex nigra (L.) Reichard Common Sedge Native 

Carex otrubae Podp. False Fox-sedge Native 

Carex pallescens L. Pale Sedge Native 

Carex panicea L. Carnation Sedge Native 

Carex paniculata L. Greater Tussock-sedge Native 

8

Carex pendula Huds. Pendulous Sedge Native 

Carex pilulifera L. Pill Sedge Native 

Carex pseudocyperus L. Cyperus sedge Native 

Carex pulicaris L. Flea Sedge Native 

Carex remota L. Remote Sedge Native 

Carex riparia Curtis Greater Pond-sedge Native 

Carex rostrata Stokes Bottle Sedge Native 

Carex spicata Huds. Spiked Sedge Native 

Carex strigosa Huds. Thin-spiked Wood-sedge Native 

Carex sylvatica Huds. Wood Sedge Native 

Carex vesicaria L. Bladder-sedge Native 

Carex x boenninghauseniana Weihe Native 

Carex x fulva Gooden. Native 

Carex x pseudoaxillaris K. Richt. Native 

Carlina vulgaris L. Carline Thistle Native 

Carpinus betulus L. Hornbeam Native 

Carum carvi L. Caraway Casual 

Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch Shagbark Hickory Introduction 

Castanea sativa Mill. Sweet Chestnut Neophyte 

Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. Whorl-grass Native 

Catapodium rigidum ssp. rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. Fern-grass Native 

Caucalis platycarpos L. Small Bur-parsley Casual 

Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carrière Atlas Cedar Introduction 

Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don Deodar Introduction 

Cedrus libani A. Rich. Cedar-of-Lebanon Introduction 

Centaurea calcitrapa L. Red Star-thistle Casual 

Centaurea cyanus L. Cornflower Archeophyte 

Centaurea debeauxii Gren. & Godr. Chalk Knapweed Native 

Centaurea diluta Aiton Lesser Star-thistle Casual 

Centaurea melitensis L. Maltese Star-thistle Casual 

Centaurea montana L. Perennial Cornflower Casual 

Centaurea nigra L. Common Knapweed Native 

Centaurea scabiosa L. Greater Knapweed Native 

Centaurea solstitialis L. Yellow Star-thistle Casual 

Centaurium erythraea Rafn Common Centaury Native 

Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce Lesser Centaury Native 

Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. Red Valerian Neophyte 

Centunculus minimus L. Chaffweed Native 

Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce White Helleborine Introduction 

Cephalaria gigantean (Ledeb.) Bobrov Giant Scabious Casual 

Cerastium arvense L. Field Mouse-ear Native 

Cerastium brachypetalum Pers. Grey Mouse-ear Neophyte 

Cerastium diffusum Pers. Sea Mouse-ear Neophyte 

Cerastium fontanum ssp. holosteoides (Fr.) Salman, Ommering & de Voogd 

ssp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet 

Common Mouse-ear 

Native 

Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Sticky Mouse-ear Native 

Cerastium pumilum Curtis Dwarf Mouse-ear Native 

Cerastium semidecandrum L. Little Mouse-ear Native 

Cerastium tomentosum L. Snow-in-Summer Casual 

9

Ceratocapnos claviculata (L.) Lidén Climbing Corydalis Native 

Ceratochloa cathartica (Vahl) Herter Rescue Brome Casual 

Ceratophyllum demersum L. Rigid Hornwort Native 

Ceratophyllum submersum L. Soft Hornwort Native 

Cerinthe major L. Greater Honeywort Casual 

Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange Small Toadflax Archeophyte 

Chaenorhinum origanifolium (L.) Kostel Malling Toadflax Casual 

Chaerophyllum temulum L. Rough Chervil Native 

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray bis) Parl. Lawson’s Cypress Introduction 

Chamaecyparis pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Siebold & Zucc. Sawara Cypress Introduction 

Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. Chamomile Casual 

Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub Rosebay Willowherb Native 

Chelidonium majus L. Greater Celandine Archeophyte 

Chenopodium album L. Fat-hen Native 

Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Good-King-Henry Archeophyte 

Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi Strawberry-blite Casual 

Chenopodium ficifolium Sm. Fig-leaved Goosefoot Archeophyte 

Chenopodium foliosum Asch. Leafy Goosefoot Casual 

Chenopodium hybridum L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot Archeophyte 

Chenopodium murale L. Nettle-leaved Goosefoot Casual 

Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J. Koch & Ziz Grey Goosefoot Casual 

Chenopodium polyspermum L. Many-seeded Goosefoot Archeophyte 

Chenopodium praetericola Rydb. Stinking Goosefoot Casual 

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Quinoa Casual 

Chenopodium rubrum L. Red Goosefoot Native 

Chenopodium urbicum L. Upright Goosefoot Archeophyte 

Chenopodium vulvaria L. Stinking Goosefoot Archeophyte 

Chenopodium x zahnii Murr. Casual 

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L. Opposite-leaved Goldensaxifrage 

Native 

Cicerbita macrophylla ssp. uralensis (Rouy) P.D. Sell Common Blue-sowthistle Casual 

Cichorium intybus L. Chicory Casual 

Circaea lutetiana L. Envchanter’snightshade Native 

Cirsium acaule Scop. Dwarf Thistle Native 

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Creeping Thistle Native 

Cirsium dissectum (L.) Hill Meadow Thistle Native 

Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop. Woolly Thistle Native 

Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. Marsh Thistle Native 

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Spear Thistle Native 

Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl Great Fen Sedge Neophyte 

Clarkia unguiculata Lindl. Clarkia Casual 

Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. Springbeauty Neophyte 

Claytonia sibirica L. Pink Purslane Neophyte 

Clematis montana Buch-Ham. ex DC. Himalayan Clematis Casual 

Clematis vitalba L. Traveller’s-joy Native 

Clematis viticella L. Purple Clematis Casual 

Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze Basil Thyme Native 

Clinopodium ascendens (Jord.) Samp. Common Calamint Native 

Clinopodium calamintha (L.) Stace Lesser Calamint Native 

10

Clinopodium vulgare L. Wild Basil Native 

Cochlearia danica L. Danish Scurvygrass Neophyte 

Cochlearia officinalis L. Common Scurvygrass Casual 

Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. Frog Orchid Native 

Colchicum autumnale L. Meadow Saffron Native 

Colutea arborescens L. Bladder-senna Neophyte 

Comarum palustre L. Marsh Cinquefoil Native 

Conium maculatum L. Hemlock Archeophyte 

Conopodium majus (Gouan) Loret Pignut Native 

Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. Hare’s-ear Mustard Casual 

Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur Larkspur Casual 

Consolida hispanica (Willk. ex Costa) Greuter & Burdet Eastern Larkspur Casual 

Convallaria majalis L. Lily-of-the-valley Native 

Convolvulus arvensis L. Field Bindweed Native 

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist Canadian Fleabane Neophyte 

Conyza floribunda Kunth Bilbao’s Fleabane Casual 

Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker Guernsey Fleabane Casual 

Coriandrum sativum L. Coriander Casual 

Cornus alba L. White Dogwood Introduction 

Cornus koenigii C.K. Schneid. Asian Dogwood Introduction 

Cornus sanguinea ssp. sanguinea L. 

ssp. australis (C.A.Mey) Jáv 

11 

Dogwood 

Australian Dogwood 

Native 

Introduction 

Cornus sericea L. Red-osier Dogwood Introduction 

Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte Hollowroot Neophyte 

Corydalis cheilanthifolia Hemsl. Fern-leaved Corydalis Casual 

Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. Bird-in-a-bush Introduction 

Corylus avellana L. Hazel Native 

Corylus colurna L. Turkish Hazel Introduction 

Corylus maxima Mill. Filbert Introduction 

Cotinus coggygria Scop. Smoke-tree Introduction 

Cotoneaster congestus Baker Congested Cotoneaster Casual 

Cotoneaster dielsianus E. Pritz. ex Diels. Diel's Cotoneaster Casual 

Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. Wall Cotoneaster Introduction 

Cotoneaster integrifolius (Roxb.) G. Klotz Entire-leaved cotoneaster Casual 

Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl. Small-leaved Cotoneaster Casual 

Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. Willow-leaved Cotoneaster Casual 

Cotoneaster simonsii Baker Himalayan Cotoneaster Casual 

Cotoneaster x watereri Exell Waterer’s Cotoneaster Casual 

Cotula coronopifolia L. Buttonweed Casual or Neophyte 

Crambe maritima L. Sea-kale Casual 

Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne New Zealand Pigmyweed Neophyte 

Crassula tillaea Lest.-Garl. Mossy Stonecrop Neophyte 

Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. Midland Hawthorn Native 

Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Hawthorn Native 

Crataegus orientalis Pall. Ex M. Bieb. Oriental Hawthorn Introduction 

Crataegus persimilis Sarg. Broad-leaved Cockspurthorn Introduction 

Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. Large-sepalled Hawthorn Introduction 

Crataegus x media Bechst. Native 

Crepis biennis L. Rough Hawk’s-beard Native

Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. Smooth Hawk’s-beard Native 

Crepis setosa Haller f. Bristly Hawk’s-beard Casual 

Crepis vesicaria ssp. taraxacifolia (Thuill.) Thell. ex Schinz & R. Keller Beaked Hawk’s-beard Neophyte 

Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (Lemoine) N.E. Br. Montbretia Neophyte 

Crocus nudiflorus Sm. Autumn Crocus Introduction 

Crocus sativus L Saffron Crocus Casual 

Crocus tommasinianus Herb. Early Crocus Introduction 

Crocus vernus (L.) Hill Spring Crocus Introduction 

Cruciata laevipes Opiz Crosswort Native 

Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don Japanese Red-cedar Introduction 

Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon Monterey Cypress Neophyte 

Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Yellow Dodder Casual 

Cuscuta epilinum Weihe Flax Dodder Casual 

Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. Dodder Native 

Cuscuta europaea L. Greater Dodder Native 

Cuscuta suaveolens Ser. Lucerne Dodder Casual 

Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton Sowbread Introduction 

Cymbalaria muralis ssp. muralis P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. Ivy-leaved Toadflax Neophyte 

Cymbalaria pallida (Ten.) Wettst. Italian Toadflax Casual 

Cynoglossum germanicum Jacq. Green Hound’s-tongue Native 

Cynoglossum officinale L. Hound’s-tongue Native 

Cynosurus cristatus L. Crested Dog’s-tail Native 

Cynosurus echinatus L. Rough Dog’s-tail Casual 

Cyperus longus L. Galingale Introduction 

Cyperus fuscus L. Brown Galingale Introduction 

Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl House Holly-fern Casual 

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Brittle Bladder-fern Native 

Cytisus scoparius ssp. scoparius (L.) Link Broom Native 

Dactylis glomerata L. Cock’s-foot Native 

Dactylorhiza fuchsia (Druce) Soó Common Spotted-orchid Native 

Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. incarnata (L.) Soó 

ssp. coccinea (Pugsley) Soó 

ssp. pulchella (Druce) Soó 

12 

Early Marsh-orchid 

Native 

Dactylorhiza maculata ssp. ericetorum (E.F. Linton) P.F. Hunt & Summerh. Heath Spotted-orchid Native 

Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó Southern Marsh-orchid Native 

Dactylorhiza x grandis (Druce) P.F. Hunt Native 

Dactylorhiza x hallii (Druce) Soó Native 

Dactylorhiza x kernerorum (Soó) Soó Native 

Dactylorhiza x transiens (Druce) Soó Native 

Dactylorhiza x wintoni (A. Camus) P.F. Hunt Native 

Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC. Heath-grass Native 

Daphne laureola L. Spurge-laurel Native 

Daphne mezereum L. Mezereon Native 

Datura metel L. Angel's Trumpet Casual 

Datura stramonium L. Thorn-apple Casual 

Daucus carota ssp. carota L. Wild Carrot Native 

Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. 

ssp. parviflora (Thuill.) Dumort. 

Tufted Hair-grass 

Native 

Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Wavy Hair-grass Native 

Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl Flixweed Archeophyte

Dianthus armeria L. Deptford Pink Casual 

Dianthus barbatus L. Sweet-William Casual 

Dianthus gratianopolitanus Vill. Cheddar Pink Casual 

Dianthus plumarius L. Pink Casual 

Digitalis purpurea L. Foxglove Native 

Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Hairy Finger-grass Casual 

Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. Annual Wall-rocket Neophyte 

Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC Perennial Wall-rocket Archeophyte 

Dipsacus fullonum L. Wild Teasel Native 

Dipsacus laciniatus L. Cut-leaved Teasel Casual 

Dipsacus pilosus L. Small Teasel Native 

Doronicum pardalianches L. Leopard’s-bane Neophyte 

Doronicum plantagineum L. Plantain-leaved Leopard’s-bane Casual 

Doronicum x excelsum (N.E.Br.) Stace Harpur-Crewe's Leopard's-bane Casual 

Doronicum x willdenowii (Rouy) A.W. Hill Willdenow’s Leopard’s-bane Casual 

Downingia elegans (Douglas ex Lindl.) Torr. Californian Lobelia Casual 

Draba muralis L. Wall Whitlowgrass Casual 

Drosera rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew Native 

Dryopteris cambrensis ssp. cambrensis (Fraser-Jenk.) Beitel & W.R. Buck Narrow Male-fern Native 

Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. Golden-scaled Male-fern Native 

Dryopteris borreri (Newman) Newman ex Oberh. & Tavel Borrer's Male-fern Native 

Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs Narrow Buckler-fern Native 

Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray Crested Buckler-fern 

Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray Broad Buckler-fern Native 

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott Male-fern Native 

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Cockspur Casual 

Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz Japanese Millet Casual 

Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad. Blue Globe Thistle Casual 

Echinops sphaerocephalus L. Glandular Globe-thistle Casual 

Echium vulgare L. Viper’s-bugloss Native 

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Needle Spike-rush Native 

Eleocharis multicaulis (Sm.) Desv. Many-stalked Spike-rush Native 

Eleocharis palustris ssp. vulgaris Walters Common Spike-rush Native 

Eleocharis quinqueflora (Hartmann) O. Schwarz Few-flowered Spike-rush Native 

Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. Slender Spike-rush Native 

Eleogiton fluitans (L.) Link Floating Club-rush Native 

Elodea canadensis Michx. Canadian Waterweed Neophyte 

Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John Nuttall’s Waterweed Neophyte 

Elymus caninus (L.) L. Bearded Couch Native 

Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski Common Couch Native 

Epilobium brunnescens (Cockayne) P.H. Raven & Engelhorn New Zealand Willowherb Neophyte 

Epilobium ciliatum Raf. American Willowherb Neophyte 

Epilobium hirsutum L. Great Willowherb Native 

Epilobium lanceolatum Sebast. & Mauri Spear-leaved Willowherb Native 

Epilobium montanum L. Broad-leaved Willowherb Native 

Epilobium obscurum Schreb. Short-fruited Willowherb Native 

Epilobium x vicinum Smejkal Native 

Epilobium palustre L. Marsh Willowherb Native 

Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. Hoary Willowherb Native 

13

Epilobium roseum Schreb. Pale Willowherb Native 

Epilobium tetragonum L. Square-stalked Willowherb Native 

Epilobium x dacicum Borbás Native 

Epilobium x floridulum Smejkal 

Epilobium x limosum Schur Native 

Epilobium x palatinum F.W. Schultz Native 

Epilobium x subhirsutum Gennari 

Epipactis x schulzei P. Fourn. Native 

Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz Broad-leaved Helleborine Native 

Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz Marsh Helleborine Native 

Epipactis purpurata Sm. Violet Helleborine Native 

Equisetum arvense L. Field Horsetail Native 

Equisetum fluviatile L. Water Horsetail Native 

Equisetum palustre L. Marsh Horstail Native 

Equisetum sylvaticum L. Wood Horsetail Native 

Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Great Horsetail Native 

Equisetum x litorale Kühlew. ex Rupr. Native 

Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. Winter Aconite Neophyte 

Erica cinerea L. Bell Heather Native 

Erica tetralix L. Cross-leaved Heath Native 

Erigeron acris L. Blue Fleabane Native 

Erigeron karvinskianus DC. Mexican Fleabane Neophyte 

Erinus alpinus L. Fairy Foxglove Casual 

Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. Common Cottongrass Native 

Eriophorum gracile W.D.J. Koch ex Roth Slender Cottongrass Native 

Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe Broad-leaved Cottongrass Native 

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. Common Stork’s-bill Native 

Erodium moschatum (L.) L’Hér. Musk Stork’s-bill Archeophyte 

Erophila glabrescens Jord. Glabrous Whitlowgrass Native 

Erophila majuscula Jord. Hairy Whitlowgrass Native 

Erophila verna (L.) DC. Common Whitlowgrass Native 

Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. Garden Rocket Casual 

Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz Hairy Rocket Casual 

Eryngium campestre L. Field Eryngo Archeophyte 

Eryngium planum L. Blue Eryngo Casual 

Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Treacle Mustard Archeophyte 

Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz Wallflower Archeophyte 

Erythronium dens-canis L. Dog's-tooth-violet Introduction 

Escallonia rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. var. macrantha (Hook. & Arn.) Escallonia Introduction 

Eschscholzia californica Cham. Californian Poppy Casual 

Euonymus europaeus L. Spindle Native 

Euonymus japonicus Thunb. Evergreen Spindle Introduction 

Euonymus latifolius (L.) Mill. Large-leaved Spindle Introduction 

Eupatorium cannabinum L. Hemp-agrimony Native 

Euphorbia amygdaloides ssp. amygdaloides L. 

ssp. robbiae (Turrill) Stace 

14 

Wood Spurge 

Turkish Spurge 

Native 

Casual 

Euphorbia cyparissias L. Cypress Spurge Neophyte 

Euphorbia esula L. Leafy Spurge Neophyte 

Euphorbia exigua L. Dwarf Spurge Archeophyte

Euphorbia helioscopia L. Sun Spurge Archeophyte 

Euphorbia lathyris L. Caper Spurge Archeophyte 

Euphorbia peplus L. Petty Spurge Archeophyte 

Euphorbia platyphyllos L. Broad-leaved Spurge Archeophyte 

Euphorbia stricta L. Upright Spurge Neophyte 

Euphorbia x pseudovirgata (Schur) Soó Twiggy Spurge Casual 

Euphrasia arctica ssp. borealis (F. Towns) Yeo Arctic Eyebright Native 

Euphrasia nemorosa (Pers.) Wallr. Common Eyebright Native 

Euphrasia pseudokerneri Pugsley Chalk Eyebright Native 

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Buckwheat Casual 

Fagus sylvatica L. Beech Neophyte 

Falcaria vulgaris Bernh Longleaf Neophyte 

Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub Russian-vine Casual 

Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve Black-bindweed Archeophyte 

Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. Japanese Knotweed Neophyte 

Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decr. Giant Knotweed Casual or Introduction 

Fallopia x conollyana J.P. Bailey Railway-yard Knotweed Native 

Ferula communis L. Giant Fennel Casual 

Festuca brevipila R.Tracey Hard Fescue Neophyte 

Festuca filiformis Pourr. Fine-leaved Sheep’s-fescue Native 

Festuca ovina ssp. ovina L. Sheep’s-fescue Native 

Festuca rubra ssp. commutata Gaudin 

ssp. megastachys Gaudin 

ssp. juncea (Hack.) K. Richt. 

ssp. rubra L. 

Ficaria verna ssp. verna Huds. 

ssp. fertilis (Lawalrée ex Laegaard) Stace 

15 

Chewing's Fescue 

Strong Creeping Red-fescue 

Red Fescue 

Lesser Celandine 

Introduction 

Casual 

Native 

Native 

Native 

Filago gallica L. Narrow-leaved Cudweed Archeophyte 

Filago minima (Sm.) Pers. Small Cudweed Native 

Filago vulgaris Lam. Common Cudweed Native 

Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. Meadowsweet Native 

Filipendula vulgaris Moench Dropwort Native 

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Fennel Casual 

Forsythia x intermedia Zabel Forsythia Introduction 

Fragaria ananassa (Duchesne) Duchesne Garden Strawberry Casual 

Fragaria moschata (Duchesne) Weston Hautbois Strawberry Casual 

Fragaria vesca L. Wild Strawberry Native 

Frangula alnus Mill. Alder Buckthorn Native 

Fraxinus angustifolia Wahl. Narrow-leaved Ash Introduction 

Fraxinus excelsior L. Ash Native 

Fraxinus ornus L. Manna Ash Introduction 

Fritillaria meleagris L. Fritillary Neophyte 

Fumaria densiflora DC. Dense-flowered Fumitory Archeophyte 

Fumaria muralis ssp. boroei (Jord.) Pugsley 

ssp. muralis Sond. Ex W.D.J. Koch 

Common Ramping-fumitory Native 

Fumaria officinalis ssp. officinalis L. 

ssp. wirtgenii (W.D.J. Koch) Arcang. 

Common Fumitory 

Archeophyte 

Fumaria parviflora Lam. Fine-leaved Fumitory Archeophyte 

Fuschia magellanica Lam. Fuschia Casual 

Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. Yellow Star-of-Bethlehem Native 

Galanthus nivalis L. Snowdrop Neophyte

Galanthus worownowii Losink. Green Snowdrop Casual 

Galega officinalis L. Goat’s-rue Neophyte 

Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh. Ex Hoffm. Red Hemp-nettle Archeophyte 

Galeopsis bifida Boenn. Bifid Hemp-nettle Native 

Galeopsis ladanum L. Broad-leaved Hemp-nettle Casual 

Galeopsis speciosa Mill. Large-flowered Hemp-nettle Archeophyte 

Galeopsis tetrahit L. Common Hemp-nettle Native 

Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Gallant-soldier Neophyte 

Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav Shaggy-soldier Neophyte 

Galium album Mill. Hedge-bedstraw Native 

Galium aparine L. Cleavers Native 

Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. Woodruff Native 

Galium palustre ssp. elongatum (C. Presl) Arcang. 

ssp. palustre L 

16 

Great Marsh-bedstraw 

Common Marsh-bedstraw 

Native 

Galium parisiense L. Wall Bedstraw Native 

Galium pumilum Murray Slender Bedstraw Native 

Galium saxatile L. Heath Bedstraw Native 

Galium tricornutum Dandy Corn Cleavers Archeophyte 

Galium uliginosum L. Fen Bedstraw Native 

Galium verum L. Lady’s Bedstraw Native 

Galium x pomeranicum Retz. Hybrid Yellow-bedstraw Native 

Genista anglica L. Petty Whin Native 

Genista hispanica ssp. occidentalis Rouy Spanish Gorse Introduction 

Genista tinctoria ssp. tinctoria L. Dyer’s Greenweed Native 

Gentianella amarella ssp. amarella (L.) Börner Autumn Gentian Native 

Gentianella anglica (Pugsley) E.F. Warb. Early Gentian Native 

Gentianella campestris (L.) Börner Field Gentian Native 

Geranium columbinum L. Long-stalked Crane’s-bill Native 

Geranium dissectum L. Cut-leaved Crane’s-bill Archeophyte 

Geranium endressii J. Gay French Crane’s-bill Casual 

Geranium lucidum L. Shining Crane’s-bill Native 

Geranium macrorrhizum L. Rock Crane’s-bill Casual 

Geranium molle L. Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill Native 

Geranium phaeum L. Dusky Crane’s-bill Casual 

Geranium pratense L. Meadow Crane’s-bill Native 

Geranium pusillum L. Small-flowered Crane’s-bill Native 

Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f. Hedgerow Crane’s-bill Neophyte 

Geranium robertianum L. Herb-Robert Native 

Geranium rotundifolium L. Round-leaved Crane’s-bill Native 

Geranium sanguineum L. Bloody Crane’s-bill Casual 

Geranium versicolor L. Pencilled Crane’s-bill Casual 

Geranium x oxonianum Yeo Druce's Crane's-bill Casual 

Geum quellyon Sweet Chiloé Avens Casual 

Geum rivale L. Water Avens Native 

Geum urbanum L. Wood Avens Native 

Geum x intermedium Ehrh. Hybrid Avens Native 

Gladiolus communis ssp. byzantinus (Mill.) R.C.V. Douin. Eastern Gladiolus Casual 

Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr. Corn Marigold Archeophyte 

Glechoma hederacea L. Ground-ivy Native

Glyceria declinata Bréb. Small Sweet-grass Native 

Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br. Floating Sweet-grass Native 

Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb. Reed Sweet-grass Native 

Glyceria notata Chevall. Plicate Sweet-grass Native 

Glyceria x pedicellata F. Towns. Hybrid Sweet-grass Native 

Gnaphalium luteoalbum L. Jersey Cudweed Casual 

Gnaphalium sylvaticum L. Heath Cudweed Native 

Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Marsh Cudweed Native 

Groenlandia densa (L.) Fourr. Opposite-leaved Pondweed Native 

Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. Niger Casual 

Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. Chalk Fragrant-orchid Native 

Gymnadenia densiflora (Wahlenb.) A.Dietr. Marsh Fragrant Orchid Native 

Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman Oak Fern Casual 

Gymnocarpium robertianum (Hoffm.) Newman Limestone Fern Casual 

Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk) A. Juss. Casual 

Hedera colchica (K. Koch) K. Koch Persian Ivy Casual 

Hedera helix L. Common Ivy Native 

Hedera hibernica (G. Kirchn.) Bean Atlantic Ivy Casual 

Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Mill. Common Rock-rose Native 

Helianthus annuus L. Sunflower Casual 

Heliotropium europaeum L. European Turnsole Casual 

Helleborus foetidus L. Stinking Hellebore Native 

Helleborus viridis ssp. occidentalis (Reut.) Schiffn. Green Hellebore Native 

Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub Bristly Ox-tongue Archeophyte 

Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier Giant Hogweed Neophyte 

Heracleum sphondylium ssp. sphondylium L. Hogweed Native 

Hesperis matronalis L. Dame’s-violet Neophyte 

Hieracium acuminatum Jord. Tall Hawkweed Neophyte 

Hieracium argillaceum Jord. Southern Hawkweed Native 

Hieracium cheriense Jord. ex Boreau Cher Hawkweed Native 

Hieracium diaphanum Fr. Dark-leaved Hawkweed Native 

Hieracium exotericum Jord. ex Boreau Jordan’s Hawkweed Neophyte 

Hieracium nemophilum Jord. ex Boreau Grassland Hawkweed Native 

Hieracium sabaudum L. Autumn Hawkweed Native 

Hieracium salticola (Sudre) P.D. Sell & C. West Bluish-leaved Hawkweed Neophyte 

Hieracium severiceps Wiinst. Strict-leaved Hawkweed Neophyte 

Hieracium spilophaeum Jord. ex Boreau Spotted Hawkweed Neophyte 

Hieracium trichocaulon (Dahlst.) Johanss. Hairy-stemmed Hawkweed Native 

Hieracium triviale (Norrl.) Norrl. Grey-headed Hawkweed Native 

Hieracium umbellatum ssp. umbellatum L. Umbellate Hawkweed Native 

Hieracium vagum Jord. Glabrous-headed Hawkweed Neophyte 

Hieracium vulgatum Fr. Common Hawkweed Neophyte 

Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng. Lizard Orchid Native 

Hippopitys monotropa Crantz Yellow Bird's-nest Native 

Hippocrepis comosa L. Horseshoe Vetch Native 

Hippophae rhamnoides L. Sea-buckthorn Introduction 

Hippuris vulgaris L. Mare’s-tail Native 

Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. Hoary Mustard Casual 

Holcus lanatus L. Yorkshire-fog Native 

17

Holcus mollis L. Creeping Soft-grass Native 

Holcus x hybridus Wein Native 

Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. ex Harz Wood Barley Native 

Hordeum distichon L. Two-rowed Barley Casual 

Hordeum jubatum L. Foxtail Barley Casual 

Hordeum marinum Huds. Sea Barley Casual 

Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum L. Wall Barley Archeophyte 

Hordeum secalinum Schreb. Meadow Barley Native 

Hordeum vulgare L. Six-rowed Barley Casual 

Hottonia palustris L. Water-violet Native 

Humulus lupulus L. Hop Neophyte 

Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm. Spanish Bluebell Casual 

Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm. Bluebell Native 

Hyacinthoides x massartiana Geerinck Hybrid Bluebell Neophyte 

Hyacinthus orientalis L. Hyacinth Casual 

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. Frogbit Native 

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Floating Pennywort Neophyte 

Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. Marsh Pennywort Native 

Hyoscyamus niger L. Henbane Archeophyte 

Hypecoum procumbens L. Sickle-fruited Hypecoum Casual 

Hypericum androsaemum L. Tutsan Native 

Hypericum calycinum L. Rose-of-Sharon Introduction 

Hypericum 'Hidcote' Introcduction 

Hypericum hircinum ssp. majus (Aiton) N. Robson Stinking Tutsan Casual 

Hypericum hirsutum L. Hairy St John’s-wort Native 

Hypericum humifusum L. Trailing St John’s-wort Native 

Hypericum maculatum ssp. maculatum Crantz. 

ssp. obtusiusculum (Tourlet) Hayek 

Imperforate St John’s-wort Native 

Hypericum montanum L. Pale St John’s-wort Native 

Hypericum perforatum L. Perforate St John’s-wort Native 

Hypericum pulchrum L. Slender St John’s-wort Native 

Hypericum tetrapterum Fr. Square-stalked St John’s-wort Native 

Hypericum x desetangsii Lamotte Des Etangs' St Johns-wort Native 

Hypochaeris glabra L. Smooth Cat’s-ear Native 

Hypochaeris maculata L. Spotted Cat’s-ear Native 

Hypochaeris radicata L. Cat’s-ear Native 

Hypopitys monotropa ssp. monotropa Crantz Yellow Bird’s-nest Native 

Hyssopus officinalis L. Hyssop Casual 

Iberis amara L. Wild Candytuft Casual 

Iberis umbellata L. Garden Candytuft Casual 

Ilex aquifolium L. Holly Native 

Ilex x altaclerensis (Loudon) Dallim. Highclere Holly Neophyte 

Impatiens capensis Meerb. Orange Balsam Neophyte 

Impatiens glandulifera Royle Indian Balsam Neophyte 

Impatiens noli-tangere L. Touch-me-not Balsam Casual 

Impatiens parviflora DC. Small Balsam Neophyte 

Inula conyzae (Griess.) Meikle Ploughman’s-spikenard Native 

Inula helenium L. Elecampane Archeophyte 

Iris foetidissima L. Stinking Iris Native 

18

Iris germanica L. Bearded Iris Casual 

Iris pseudacorus L. Yellow Iris Native 

Iris sibirica L. Siberian Iris Introduction 

Iris versicolor L. Purple Iris Introduction 

Isatis tinctoria L. Woad Casual 

Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br. Bristle Club-rush Native 

Jasione montana L. Sheep’s-bit Native 

Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. Winter Jasmine Casual 

Jasminum officinale L. Summer Jasmine Casual 

Juglans regia L. Walnut Introduction 

Juncus acutiflorus Ehrh. Ex Hoffm. Sharp-flowered Rush Native 

Juncus articulatus L. Jointed Rush Native 

Juncus bufonius L. Toad Rush Native 

Juncus bulbosus L. Bulbous Rush Native 

Juncus compressus Jacq. Round-fruited Rush Native 

Juncus conglomeratus L. Compact Rush Native 

Juncus effusus L. Soft-rush Native 

Juncus gerardii Loisel. Saltmarsh Rush Native 

Juncus inflexus L. Hard Rush Native 

Juncus squarrosus L. Heath Rush Native 

Juncus subnodulosus Schrank Blunt-flowered Rush Native 

Juncus tenuis Willd. Slender Rush Neophytye 

Juncus x diffusus Hoppe Native 

Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper Native 

Kerria japonica (L.) DC. Kerria Casual 

Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort Sharp-leaved Fluellen Archeophyte 

Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. Round-leaved Fluellen Archeophyte 

Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. Field Scabious Native 

Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. Crested Hair-grass Native 

Laburnum anagyroides Medik. Laburnum Neophyte 

Lactuca serriola L. Prickly Lettuce Archeophyte 

Lactuca virosa L. Great Lettuce Native 

Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss ex V.A. Wager Curly Waterweed Neophyte 

Lagurus ovatus L. Hare’s-tail Casual 

Lamiastrum galeobdolon ssp. argentatum (Smejkal) Stace 

ssp. montanum (Pers.) Ehrend. & Polatschek 

19 

Garden Yellow Archangel 

Yellow Archangel 

Neophyte 

Native 

Lamium album L. White Dead-nettle Archeophyte 

Lamium amplexicaule L. Henbit Dead-nettle Archeophyte 

Lamium hybridum Vill. Cut-leaved Dead-nettle Archeophyte 

Lamium maculatum (L.) L. Spotted Dead-nettle Neophyte 

Lamium purpureum L. Red Dead-nettle Archeophyte 

Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. Bur Forget-me-not Casual 

Lapsana communis ssp. communis L. Nipplewort Native 

Larix decidua Mill. European Larch Neophyte 

Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière Japanese Larch Neophyte 

Larix x marschlinsii Coaz Hybrid Larch Neophyte 

Lathraea squamaria L. Toothwort Native 

Lathyrus aphaca L. Yellow Vetchling Casual 

Lathyrus hirsutus L. Hairy Vetchling Casual

Lathyrus latifolius L. Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea Neophyte 

Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler Bitter-vetch Native 

Lathyrus nissolia L. Grass Vetchling Native 

Lathyrus pratensis L. Meadow Vetchling Native 

Lathyrus sylvestris L. Narrow-leaved Everlasting-pea Native 

Lathyrus tuberosus L. Tuberous Pea Casual 

Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Garden Lavender Casual 

Lavandula stoechas L. French lavender Casual 

Legousia hybrid (L.) Delarbre Venus’s-looking-glass Archeophyte 

Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix Large Venus’s-looking-glass Casual 

Lemna gibba L. Fat Duckweed Native 

Lemna minor L. Common Duckweed Native 

Lemna minuta Kunth Least Duckweed Neophyte 

Lemna trisulca L. Ivy-leaved Duckweed Native 

Lens culinaris Medik. Lentil Casual 

Leontodon hispidus L. Rough Hawkbit Native 

Leontodon saxatilis Lam. Lesser Hawkbit Native 

Leonurus cardiaca L. Motherwort Casual 

Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T. Aiton Field Pepperwort Archeophyte 

Lepidium coronopus (L.) Al-Shehbaz Swine-cress Archeophyte 

Lepidium didymum L. Lesser Swine-cress Neophyte 

Lepidium draba ssp. chalepense (L.) Thell. 

ssp. draba L. 

20 

Hoary Cress 

Casual 

Neophyte 

Lepidium heterophyllum Benth. Smith’s Pepperwort Native 

Lepidium latifolium L. Dittander Casual 

Lepidium ruderale L. Narrow-leaved Pepperwort Archeophyte 

Lepidium sativum L. Garden Cress Casual 

Lepidium virginicum L. Least Pepperwort Casual 

Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Oxeye daisy Native 

Leucanthemum x superbum (Bergmans ex J.W. Ingram) D.H. Kent Shasta Daisy Neophyte 

Leucojum vernum L. Spring Snowflake Introduction 

Leycestria formosa Wall. Himalayan Honeysuckle Casual 

Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. Garden Privet Neophyte 

Ligustrum vulgare L. Wild Privet Native 

Lilium martagon L. Martagon Lily Neophyte 

Limnanthes douglasii R. Br. Meadow-foam Introcduction 

Limosella aquatica L. Mudwort Native 

Linaria purpurea (L.) Mill. Purple Toadflax Neophyte 

Linaria repens (L.) Mill. Pale Toadflax Archeophyte 

Linaria vulgaris Mill. Common Toadflax Native 

Linaria x sepium G.J. Allman Native 

Linaria x dominii Druce Native 

Linum bienne Mill. Pale Flax Casual 

Linum catharticum L. Fairy Flax Native 

Linum perenne ssp. anglicum (Mill.) Ockendon Perennial Flax Native 

Linum usitatissimum L. Flax Casual 

Liquidambar styraciflua L. Sweetgum Introduction 

Liriodendron tulipifera L. Tulip-tree Introduction 

Lithospermum arvense L. Field Gromwell Archeophyte

Lithospermum officinale L. Common Gromwell Native 

Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. Shoreweed Native 

Lobelia erinus L. Garden Lobelia Casual 

Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Sweet Alison Casual 

Lolium multiflorum Lam. Italian Rye-grass Neophyte 

Lolium perenne L. Perennial Rye-grass Native 

Lolium temulentum L. Darnel Casual 

Lolium x boucheanum Kunth. Neophyte 

Lonicera caprifolium L. Perfoliate Honeysuckle Casual 

Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks ex Spreng. Californian Honeysuckle Introduction 

Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese Honeysuckle Casual or Introduction 

Lonicera nitida E.H. Wilson Wilson’s Honeysuckle Neophyte 

Lonicera periclymenum L. Honeysuckle Native 

Lonicera tatarica L. Tartarian Honeysuckle Casual 

Lonicera xylosteum L. Fly Honeysuckle Casual 

Lotus corniculatus L. Common Bird’s-foot-trefoil Native 

Lotus pedunculatus Cav. Greater Bird’s-foot-trefoil Native 

Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit. Ex Willd Narrow-leaved Bird’s-foottrefoil 

Native 

Lunaria annua L. Honesty Casual 

Lunaria rediviva L. Perennial Honesty Casual 

Lupinus arboreus Sims Tree Lupin Casual 

Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Garden Lupin Neophyte 

Lupinus x regalis Bergmans Russell Lupin Neophyte 

Luronium natans (L.) Raf. Floating Water-plantain Native 

Luzula campestris (L.) DC. Field Wood-rush Native 

Luzula forsteri (Sm.) DC. Southern Wood-rush Native 

Luzula luzuloides (Lam.) Dandy & Wilmott White Wood-rush Introduction 

Luzula multiflora ssp. congesta (Thuill.) Arcang. 

ssp. multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. 

Heath Wood-rush 

Native 

Luzula pilosa (L.) Willd. Hairy Wood-rush Native 

Luzula sylvatica (Huds.) Gaudin Great Wood-rush Native 

Lycium barbarum L. Duke of Argyll’s Teaplant Neophyte 

Lycium chinense Mill. Chinese Teaplant Casual 

Lycopodium clavatum L. Stag’s-horn Clubmoss Native 

Lycopus europaeus L. Gipsywort Native 

Lysichiton americanus Hultén & H. St. John American Skunk-cabbage Introduction 

Lysimachia nemorum L. Yellow Pimpernel Native 

Lysimachia nummularia L. Creeping-Jenny Native 

Lysimachia punctata L. Dotted Loosestrife Casual 

Lysimachia vulgaris L. Yellow Loosestrife Native 

Lythrum hyssopifolia L. Grass-poly Archeophyte 

Lythrum junceum Banks & Sol. False Grass-poly Casual 

Lythrum portula (L.) D.A. Webb Water-purslane Native 

Lythrum salicaria L. Purple-loosestrife Native 

Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Oregon-grape Neophyte 

Mahonia japonica (Thunb) DC.. Japanese Mahonia Casual 

Malus pumila Mill. Apple Casual 

Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. Crab Apple Native 

Malus x robusta (Carrièrre) Rehder Cherry Crab Casual 

21

Malva moschata L. Musk-mallow Native 

Malva neglecta Wallr. Dwarf Mallow Archeophyte 

Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel. Smaller Tree-mallow Casual 

Malva sylvestris L. Common Mallow Archeophyte 

Malva x clementii (Cheek) Stace Garden Tree-mallow Casual 

Marrubium vulgare L. White Horehound Casual 

Matricaria chamomilla L. Scented Mayweed Archeophyte 

Matricaria discoidea ssp. discoidea DC. Pineappleweed Neophyte 

Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig. Welsh Poppy Casual 

Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. Spotted Medick Native 

Medicago lupulina L. Black Medick Native 

Medicago minima (L.) Bartal. Bur Medick Casual 

Medicago polymorpha L. Toothed Medick Casual 

Medicago sativa ssp. falcata (L.) Arcang. 

ssp. sativa L. 

22 

Sickle Medick 

Lucerne 

Neophyte 

Melampyrum cristatum L. Crested Cow-wheat Native 

Melampyrum pratense ssp. pratense L. Common Cow-wheat Native 

Melica nutans L. Mountain Melick Native 

Melica uniflora Retz. Wood Melick Native 

Melilotus albus Medik. White Melilot Neophyte 

Melilotus altissimus Thuill. Tall Melilot Archeophyte 

Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Small Melilot Casual 

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. Ribbed Melilot Neophyte 

Melissa officinalis L. Balm Casual 

Mentha aquatica L. Water Mint Native 

Mentha arvensis L. Corn Mint Native 

Mentha pulegium L. Pennyroyal Native & Neophyte 

Mentha spicata L. Spear Mint Casual 

Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Round-leaved Mint Neophyte 

Mentha x piperita L. Peppermint Casual 

Mentha x rotundifolia (L.) Huds. False Apple-mint Casual 

Mentha x smithiana R.A. Graham Tall Mint Neophyte 

Mentha x verticillata L. Whorled Mint Native 

Mentha x villosa Huds. Apple-mint Neophyte 

Menyanthes trifoliata L. Bogbean Native 

Mercurialis annua L. Annual Mercury Archeophyte 

Mercurialis perennis L. Dog’s Mercury Native 

Mespilus germanica L. Medlar Introduction 

Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C. Cheng Dawn Redwood Introduction 

Milium effusum L. Wood Millet Native 

Mimulus guttatus DC. Monkeyflower Casual 

Mimulus moschatus Douglas ex Lindl. Musk Casual 

Minuartia hybrida (Villars) Schischk. Fine-leaved Sandwort Native 

Misopates orontium (L.) Raf. Weasel's-snout Archeophyte 

Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. Three-nerved Sandwort Native 

Moenchia erecta (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. Upright Chickweed Native 

Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench Purple Moor-grass Native 

Montia fontana L. Blinks Native 

Morus nigra L. Black Mulberry Introduction

Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker Garden Grape-hyacinth Neophyte 

Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. Tassel Hyacinth Casual 

Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. Grape-hyacinth Casual 

Myagrum perfoliatum L. Mitre Cress Casual 

Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. Wall lettuce Native 

Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill Field Forget-me-not Archeophyte 

Myosotis discolor Pers. Changing Forget-me-not Native 

Myosotis laxa ssp. caespitosa (Schultz) Hyl. ex Nordh. Tufted Forget-me-not Native 

Myosotis ramosissima Rochel Early Forget-me-not Native 

Myosotis scorpioides L. Water Forget-me-not Native 

Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. Wood Forget-me-not Neophyte 

Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench Water Chickweed Native 

Myosurus minimus L. Mousetail Native or alien 

Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC. Alternate Water-milfoil Native 

Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Parrot's-feather Casual 

Myriophyllum spicatum L. Spiked Water-milfoil Native 

Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Whorled Water-milfoil Native 

Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. Sweet Cicely Casual 

Narcissus hispanicus Gouan Spanish Daffodil Introduction 

Narcissus poeticus L. Pheasant’s-eye Daffodil Casual 

Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. Daffodil Native 

Narcissus x cyclazetta Chater & Stace Head-to-head Daffodil Introduction 

Narcissus x medioluteus Mill. Primrose-peerless Casual 

Nardus stricta L. Mat-grass Native 

Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth Argentine Needle-grass Casual 

Nasturtium microphyllum (Boenn.) Rchb. Narrow-fruited Water-cress Native 

Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton Water-cress Native 

Nasturtium x sterile (Airy Shaw) Oefelein Hybrid Water-cress Native 

Neotinea ustulata (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeom & M.W. Chase Burnt Orchid Native 

Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich. Bird’s-nest Orchid Native 

Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. Common Twayblade Native 

Nepeta cataria L. Cat-mint Archeophyte 

Nepeta x faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn Garden Cat-mint Casual 

Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. Ball Mustard Casual 

Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. Apple-of-Peru Neophyte 

Nicotiana tabacum L. Tobacco Casual 

Nigella damascena L. Love-in-a-mist Casual 

Nitella flexilis agg. L. Smooth Stonewort 

Nitella opaca (C. Agardh ex Bruzelius) C. Agardh Dark Stonewort 

Nitellopsis obtuse (Desv.) J. Groves Starry Stonewort 

Nonea lutea (Desr.) DC. Casual 

Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. Yellow Water-lily Native 

Nymphaea alba ssp. alba L. White Water-lily Native 

Nymphoides peltata Kuntze Fringed water-lily Native 

Odontites jaubertianus ssp. chrysanthus (Boreau) P. Fourn. French Bartsia Neophyte 

Odontites vernus ssp. serotinus (Syme) Corb. 

ssp. vernus (Bellardi) Dumort. 

Red Bartsia 

Native 

Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir. Fine-leaved Water-dropwort Native 

Oenanthe crocata L. Hemlock Water-dropwort Native 

23

Oenanthe fistulosa L. Tubular Water-dropwort Native 

Oenanthe fluviatilis (Bab.) Coleman River Water-dropwort Native 

Oenanthe lachenalii C.C. Gmel. Parsley Water-dropwort Native 

Oenanthe silaifolia M. Bieb. Narrow-leaved Waterdropwort 

Native 

Oenothera biennis L. Common Evening-primrose Casual 

Oenothera glazioviana P. Micheli Large-flowered Eveningprimrose 

Casual 

Omphalodes verna Moench Blue-eyed-Mary Neophyte 

Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Sainfoin Casual 

Ononis baetica Clemente Andalucian Restharrow Casual 

Ononis repens L. Common Restharrow Native 

Ononis spinosa L. Spiny Restharrow Native 

Onopordum acanthium L. Cotton Thistle Archeophyte and casual 

Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Adder’s-tongue Native 

Ophrys apifera Huds. Bee Orchid Native 

Ophrys insectifera L. Fly Orchid Native 

Ophrys sphegodes Mill. Early Spider-orchid Native 

Orchis anthropophora (L.) All. Man Orchid Native 

Orchis mascula (L.) L. Early-purple Orchid Native 

Oreopteris limbosperma (All.) Holub Lemon-scented Fern Native 

Origanum vulgare L. Wild Marjoram Native 

Ornithogalum nutans L. Drooping Star-of-Bethlehem Introduction 

Ornithogalum pyrenaicum L. Spiked Star-of-Bethlehem Casual 

Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Star-of-Bethlehem Casual 

Ornithopus perpusillus L. Bird’s-foot Native 

Orobanche crenata Forssk. Bean Broomrape Casual 

Orobanche elatior Sutton Knapweed Broomrape Native 

Orobanche hederae Duby Ivy Broomrape Casual 

Orobanche minor ssp. minor Sm. Common Broomrape Native 

Orobanche ramosa L. Hemp Broomrape Casual 

Osmunda regalis L. Royal Fern Native 

Oxalis acetosella L. Wood-sorrel Native 

Oxalis articulata Savigny Pink-sorrel Casual 

Oxalis corniculata L. Procumbent Yellow-sorrel Neophyte 

Oxalis debilis Kunth Large-flowered Pink-sorrel Casual 

Oxalis exilis A. Cunn. Least Yellow-sorrel Casual 

Oxalis stricta L. Upright Yellow-sorrel Casual 

Panicum capillare L. Witch-grass Casual 

Panicum miliaceum L. Common Millet Casual 

Papaver argemone L. Prickly Poppy Archeophyte 

Papaver atlanticum (Ball) Coss. Atlas Poppy Casual 

Papaver dubium L. Long-headed Poppy Archeophyte 

Papaver hybridum L. Rough Poppy Archeophyte 

Papaver lecoqii Lamotte Yellow-juiced Poppy Archeophyte 

Papaver pseudoorientale (Fedde) Medw. Oriental Poppy Casual 

Papaver rhoeas L. Common Poppy Archeophyte 

Papaver somniferum ssp. somniferum L. Opium Poppy Casual 

Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel Yellow Bartsia Casual 

Parietaria judaica L. Pellitory-of-the-wall Native 

24

Paris quadrifolia L. Herb-Paris Native 

Parnassia palustris L. Grass-of-Parnussus Native 

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Virginia-creeper Casual 

Pastinaca sativa ssp. sylvestris (Mill.) Rouy & E.G. Camus Wild Parsnip Native 

Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. Foxglove-tree Introduction 

Pedicularis palustris L. Marsh Lousewort Native 

Pedicularis sylvatica ssp. sylvatica L. Lousewort Native 

Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) Tausch ex L.H. Bailey Green Alkanet Neophyte 

Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre Amphibious Bistort Native 

Persicaria amplexicaulis (D. Don) Ronse Decr. Red Bistort Casual 

Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp. Common Bistort Native 

Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre Water-pepper Native 

Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre Pale Persicaria Native 

Persicaria maculosa Gray Redshank Native 

Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz Small Water-pepper Native 

Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Assenov Tasteless Water-pepper Native 

Persicaria wallichii Greuter & Burdet Himalayan Knotweed Casual 

Petasites albus (L.) Gaertn. White Butterbur Neophyte 

Petasites fragrans (Vill.) C. Presl Winter Heliotrope Neophyte 

Petasites hybridus (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. Butterbur Native 

Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. Giant Butterbur Introduction 

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss Garden Parsley Casual 

Petroselinum segetum (L.) W.D.J. Koch Corn Parsley Native 

Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood Proliferous Pink Casual 

Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. Phacelia Casual 

Phalaris aquatica L. Bulbous Canary-grass Casual 

Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed Canary-grass Native 

Phalaris canariensis L. Canary-grass Casual 

Phalaris minor Retz. Lesser Canary-grass Casual 

Philadelphus coronarius L. Mock-orange Introduction 

Philadelphus ‘Lemoinei Group’ Hairy Mock-orange Casual 

Phleum bertolonii DC. Smaller Cat’s-tail Native 

Phleum pratense L. Timothy Native 

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed Native 

Phuopsis stylosa (Trin.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex B.D. Jacks. Caucasian Crosswort Casual 

Physalis alkekengi L. Japanese-lanterns Casual 

Phytolacca americana L. American Pokeweed Casual 

Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. Norway Spruce Introduction 

Picea breweriana S. Watson Brewer Spruce Introduction 

Picea orientalis L. Link Oriental Spruce Introduction 

Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière Sitka Spruce Introduction 

Picris hieracioides ssp. hieracioides L. Hawkweed Oxtongue Native 

Pilosella aurantiaca ssp. aurantiaca (L.) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. 

ssp. carpathicola (Năgeli & Peter) Soják 

Fox-and-cubs 

Neophyte 

Pilosella flagellaris ssp. flagellaris (Willd.) P.D. Sell & C. West Spreading Mouse-earhawkweed 

Neophyte 

Pilosella officinarum F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. Mouse-ear-hawkweed Native 

Pilosella praealta ssp. praelta (Vill. Ex Gochnat) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. Tall Mouse-ear-hawkweed Neophyte 

Pilularia globulifera L. Pillwort Native 

Pimpinella major (L.) Huds. Greater Burnet-saxifrage Native 

25

Pimpinella saxifraga L. Burnet-saxifrage Native 

Pinguicula vulgaris L. Common Butterwort Native 

Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon Lodgepole Pine Introduction 

Pinus nigra ssp. laricio Maire 

ssp. nigra J.F. Arnold 

26 

Corsican Pine 

Austrian Pine 

Introduction 

Pinus pinaster Aiton Maritime Pine Introduction 

Pinus strobus L. Weymouth Pine Introduction 

Pinus sylvestris L. Scots Pine Neophyte 

Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks. Bhutan Pine Introduction 

Pisum sativum L. Garden Pea Casual 

Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. Branched Plantain Casual 

Plantago coronopus L. Buck’s-horn Plantain Native 

Plantago lanceolata L. Ribwort Plantain Native 

Plantago major ssp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange 

ssp. major L. 

Greater Plantain 

Native 

Plantago media L. Hoary Plantain Native 

Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. Greater Butterfly-orchid Native 

Platanus x hispanica Mill. Ex Münchh. London Plane Introduction 

Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco Chinese Arbor-vitae Introcuction 

Poa angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved Meadow-grass Native 

Poa annua L. Annual Meadow-grass Native 

Poa compressa L. Flattened Meadow-grass Native 

Poa humilis Ehrh. Ex Hoffm. Spreading Meadow-grass Native 

Poa infirma Kunth Early Meadow-grass Native 

Poa nemoralis L. Wood Meadow-grass Native 

Poa palustris L. Swamp Meadow-grass Casual 

Poa pratensis L. Smooth Meadow-grass Native 

Poa trivialis L. Rough Meadow-grass Native 

Polemonium caeruleum L. Jacob’s-ladder Casual 

Polygala serpyllifolia Hosé Heath Milkwort Native 

Polygala vulgaris ssp. collina (Rchb.) Borbás 

ssp. vulgaris L. 

Common Milkwort 

Native 

Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. Solomon’s-seal Native 

Polygonatum x hybridum Brűgger Garden Solomon's-seal Casual 

Polygonum arenastrum Boreau Equal-leaved Knotgrass Archeophyte 

Polygonum aviculare L. Knotgrass Native 

Polygonum rurivagum Jord. Ex Boreau Cornfield Knotgrass Archeophyte 

Polypodium interjectum Shivas Intermediate Polypody Native 

Polypodium vulgare L. Polypody Native 

Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Annual Beard-grass Casual 

Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Water Bent Casual 

Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth Hard Shield-fern Native 

Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth Holly-fern Casual 

Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) T. Moore ex Woyn. Soft Shield-fern Native 

Pontederia cordata L. Pickerel Weed Introduction 

Populus alba L. White Poplar Introduction 

Populus nigra ssp. betulifolia (Pursh) Dippel. 

'Italica' 

'Gigantea' 

'Plantieriensis' 

Black-poplar 

Lombardy-poplar 

Giant Lombardy-poplar 

Plantier’s Poplar 

Native 

Introduction 

Introduction 

Introduction 

Populus tremula L. Aspen Native

Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook. Western Balsam-poplar Introduction 

Populus x canadensis Moench Hybrid Black-poplar Introduction 

Populus x canescens (Aiton) Sm. Grey Poplar Introduction 

Populus x jackii Sarg. Balm-of-Gilead Introduction 

Potamogeton acutifolius Link Sharp-leaved Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton alpinus Balb. Red Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber Small Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton coloratus Hornem. Fen Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton compressus L. Grass-wrack Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton crispus L. Curled Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton friesii Rupr. Flat-stalked Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton gramineus L. Various-leaved Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton lucens L. Shining Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton natans L. Broad-leaved Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & W.D.J. Koch Blunt-leaved Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton pectinatus L. Fennel Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Perfoliate Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen Long-stalked Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton pusillus L. Lesser Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton trichoides Cham. & Schltdl. Hairlike Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton x angustifolius J. Presl Long-leaved Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton x cooperi (Fryer) Fryer Cooper's Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton x fluitans Roth Native 

Potamogeton x grovesii Dandy & G. Taylor Native 

Potamogeton x nitens Weber Bright-leaved Pondweed Native 

Potamogeton x salicifolius Wolfg. Willow-leaved Pondweed Native 

Potentilla anglica Laichard. Trailing Tormentil Native 

Potentilla anserina L. Silverweed Native 

Potentilla argentea L. Hoary Cinquefoil Native 

Potentilla erecta ssp. erecta (L.) Raeusch. Tormentil Native 

Potentilla indica (Jacks.) Wolf Yellow-flowered Strawberry Casual 

Potentilla intermedia L. Russian Cinquefoil Casual 

Potentilla norvegica L. Ternate-leaved Cinquefoil Casual 

Potentilla recta L. Sulphur Cinqufoil Casual 

Potentilla reptans L. Creeping Cinquefoil Native 

Potentilla sterilis (L.) Garcke Barren Strawberry Native 

Potentilla x mixta Nolte ex Rchb. Hybrid Cinquefoil Native 

Poterium sanguisorba ssp. balearicum (Bourg. ex Nyman) Stace 

ssp. sanguisorba L. 

27 

Fodder Burnet 

Salad Burnet 

Neophyte 

Native 

Primula veris L. Cowslip Native 

Primula vulgaris ssp. vulgaris Huds. 

ssp. sibthorpii (Hoffmanns.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest 

Primrose 

Native 

Casual 

Primula x polyantha Mill. False Oxlip Native 

Primula x pruhonicensis Zemann ex Bergmans Hybrid Primrose Casual 

Prunella vulgaris L. Selfheal Native 

Prunella x intermedia Link Native 

Prunus armeniaca L. Apricot Introduction 

Prunus avium (L.) L. Wild Cherry Native 

Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Cherry Plum Neophyte 

Prunus cerasus L. Dwarf Cherry Archeophyte

Prunus domestica ssp. domestica L. 

ssp. insititia (L.) Bonnier & Layens 

ssp. italica (Borkh.) Gams ex Hegi 

28 

Wild Plum 

Bullace, Damson, 

Greengage 

Archeophyte 

Prunus dulcis (Mill). D.A. Webb Almond Introduction 

Prunus laurocerasus L. Cherry Laurel Introduction 

Prunus lusitanica L. Portugal Laurel Introduction 

Prunus padus L. Bird Cherry Introduction 

Prunus spinosa L. Blackthorn Native 

Prunus x fruticans Weihe Native 

Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén Pale Corydalis Casual 

Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh. Yellow Corydalis Neophyte 

Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. Ex Steud.) Makino ex Nakai Arrow Bamboo Casual 

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Douglas Fir Introduction 

Pseudoturritis turrita (L.) Al-Shehbaz Tower Cress Casual 

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Bracken Native 

Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. Reflexed Saltmarsh-grass Neophyte 

Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl. Common Saltmarsh-grass Neophyte 

Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. Common Fleabane Native 

Pulmonaria officinalis L. Lungwort Neophyte 

Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill. Pasqueflower Native 

Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. Firethorn Casual 

Pyrus amygdaliformis Vill. Almond-leaved Pear Introduction 

Pyrus communis L. Pear Archeophyte 

Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. Wild Pear Archeophyte 

Pyrus salicifolia Pall. Willow-leaved Pear Introduction 

Quercus cerris L. Turkey Oak Introduction 

Quercus coccinea Münchh. Scarlet Oak Introduction 

Quercus ilex L. Evergreen Oak Introduction 

Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Sessile Oak Native 

Quercus robur L. Pedunculate Oak Native 

Quercus rubra L. Red Oak Introduction 

Quercus x crenata Lam. Lucombe Oak Introduction 

Quercus x rosacea Bechst. Native 

Ranunculus acris ssp. acris L. Meadow Buttercup Native 

Ranunculus aquatilis L. Common Water-crowfoot Native 

Ranunculus arvensis L. Corn Buttercup Archeophyte 

Ranunculus auricomus L. Goldilocks Buttercup Native 

Ranunculus baudotii Godr. Brackish Water-crowfoot Native 

Ranunculus bulbosus L. Bulbous Buttercup Native 

Ranunculus circinatus Sibth. Fan-leaved Water-crowfoot Native 

Ranunculus flammula ssp. flammula L. Lesser Spearwort Native 

Ranunculus fluitans Lam. River Water-crowfoot Native 

Ranunculus hederaceus L. Ivy-leaved Crowfoot Native 

Ranunculus lingua L. Greater Spearwort Native 

Ranunculus omiophyllus Ten. Round-leaved Crowfoot Native 

Ranunculus parviflorus L. Small-flowered Buttercup Native 

Ranunculus peltatus Schrank Pond Water-crowfoot Native 

Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans (Syme) S.D. Webster Stream Water-crowfoot Native 

Ranunculus repens L. Creeping Buttercup Native 

Ranunculus sardous Crantz Hairy Buttercup Native

Ranunculus sceleratus L. Celery-leaved Buttercup Native 

Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix Thread-leaved Water-crowfoot Native 

Ranunculus x kelchoensis S.D. Webster Kelso Water-crowfoot Native 

Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. raphanistrum L. Wild Radish Archeophyte 

Rapistrum rugosum (L.) Bergeret Bastard Cabbage Casual 

Reseda alba L. White Mignonette Casual 

Reseda lutea L. Wild Mignonette Native 

Reseda luteola L. Weld Archeophyte 

Reseda phyteuma L. Corn Mignonette Casual 

Rhamnus cathartica L. Buckthorn Native 

Rheum x rhubarbarum L. Rhubarb Casual 

Rhinanthus minor ssp. calcareous (Wilmott.) E. Warb. 

ssp. minor L. 

ssp. stenophyllus O. Schwarz 

Yellow-rattle 

Native 

Rhododendron ponticum L. Rhododendron Introduction 

Rhus typhina L. Stag’s-horn Sumach Casual 

Ribes nigrum L. Black Currant Neophyte 

Ribes rubrum L. Red Currant Neophyte 

Ribes sanguineum Pursh Flowering Currant Casual 

Ribes uva-crispa L. Gooseberry Neophyte 

Robinia pseudoacacia L. False-acacia Introduction 

Rodgersia aesculifolia Batalin Introduction 

Rorippa amphibian (L.) Besser Great Yellow-cress Native 

Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser Marsh Yellow-cress Native 

Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser Creeping Yellow-cress Native 

Rosa agrestis Savi Small-leaved Sweet-briar Native 

Rosa arvensis Huds. Field-rose Native 

Rosa caesia ssp. caesia Sm. 

ssp. vosagiaca (N.H.F. Desp.) D.H. Kent 

29 

Hairy Dog-rose 

Glaucous Dog-rose 

Native 

Rosa canina L. Dog-rose Native 

Rosa ferruginea Vill. Red-leaved Rose Neophyte 

Rosa micrantha Borrer ex Sm. Small-flowered Sweet-briar Native 

Rosa mollis Sm. Soft Downy-rose Native 

Rosa obtusifolia Desv. Round-leaved Dog-rose Native 

Rosa x timbalii Crép. Native 

Rosa x involuta Sm. Native 

Rosa rubiginosa L. Sweet-briar Native 

Rosa rugosa Thunb. Japanese Rose Introduction 

Rosa sherardii Davies Sherard’s Downy-rose Native 

Rosa spinosissima L. Burnet Rose Native 

Rosa stylosa Desv. Short-styled Field-rose Native 

Rosa tomentosa Sm. Harsh Downy-rose Native 

Rosa x andegavensis Bastard Native 

Rosa x dumalis Bechst. Native 

Rosa x dumetorum Thuill. Native 

Rosa x irregularis Déségl. & Guillon Native 

Rosa x nitidula Besser Native 

Rosa x pseudorusticana Crép. ex Preston Native 

Rosa x rothschildii Druce Native 

Rosa x scabriuscula Sm. Native

Rosa x vituperabilis Duffort ex Rouy Native 

Rubus adscitus Genev. Bramble Native 

Rubus adspersus Weihe ex H.E. Weber Bramble Native 

Rubus albionis W.C.R. Watson Bramble Native 

Rubus amplificatus Lees Bramble Native 

Rubus anglocandicans A. Newton Bramble Native 

Rubus armeniacus Focke Himalayan Giant Neophyte 

Rubus armipotens W.C. Barton ex A. Newton Bramble Native 

Rubus atrebatum Newton Bramble Native 

Rubus bagnallianus Edees Bramble Native 

Rubus bartonii Newton Bramble Native 

Rubus bertramii G. Braun Bramble Native 

Rubus bloxamianus Coleman ex Purchas Bramble Native 

Rubus bloxamii (Bab.) Lees Bramble 

Rubus boudiccae A.L. Bull & Edees Bramble Native 

Rubus caesius L. Dewberry Native 

Rubus cardiophyllus Lefèvre & P.J. Müll. Bramble Native 

Rubus conjungens (Bab.) Rogers Bramble Native 

Rubus dasyphyllus (Rogers) E. Marshall Bramble Native 

Rubus drejeri Jensen ex Lange Bramble Native 

Rubus eboracensis W.C.R. Watson Bramble Native 

Rubus echinatoides (Rogers) Dallman Bramble Native 

Rubus echinatus Lindl. Bramble Native 

Rubus erythrops Edees & A. Newton Bramble Native 

Rubus euryanthemus W.C.R. Watson Bramble Native 

Rubus fissus Lindl. Bramble Native 

Rubus flexuosus P.J. Műll & Lefevre Bramble Native 

Rubus griffithianus Rogers Bramble Native 

Rubus halsteadensis W.C.R. Watson Bramble Native 

Rubus hylocharis W.C.R. Watson Bramble Native 

Rubus idaeus L. Raspberry Native 

Rubus infestus Weihe ex Boenn. Bramble Native 

Rubus laciniatus Willd. Bramble Neophyte 

Rubus leightonii Lees ex Leight. Bramble Native 

Rubus leucostachys Schleich. ex Sm. Bramble Native 

Rubus lindebergii P.J. Müll. Bramble Native 

Rubus lindleianus Lees Bramble Native 

Rubus longus (Rogers & Ley) Newton Bramble Native 

Rubus macrophyllus Weihe & Nees Bramble Native 

Rubus marshallii Focke & Rogers Bramble Native 

Rubus micans Godr. Bramble 

Rubus mucronulatus Boreau Bramble Native 

Rubus murrayi Sudre Bramble Native 

Rubus nemoralis P.J. Müll. Bramble Native 

Rubus nemorosus Hayne & Willd. Bramble Native 

Rubus nessensis Hall Bramble Native 

Rubus pallidus Weihe Bramble Native 

Rubus pedemontanus Pinkw. Bramble Native 

Rubus platyacanthus P.J. Müll & Lef. Bramble Native 

30

Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees Bramble Native 

Rubus poliodes W.C.R. Watson Bramble Native 

Rubus polyanthemus Lindeb. Bramble Native 

Rubus proiectus A. Beek Bramble Native 

Rubus pruinosus Arrh. Bramble Native 

Rubus pyramidalis Kaltenb. Bramble Native 

Rubus radula Weihe ex Boenn. Bramble Native 

Rubus raduloides (Rogers) Sudre Bramble Native 

Rubus rhombifolius Weihe ex Boenn. Bramble Native 

Rubus rudis Weihe Bramble Native 

Rubus rufescens Lefèvre & P.J. Műll Bramble Native 

Rubus scaber Weihe Bramble Native 

Rubus scabripes Genev. Bramble Native 

Rubus sciocharis (Sudre) W.C.R. Watson Bramble Native 

Rubus scoticus (Rogers & Ley) Edees Bramble Native 

Rubus silvaticus Weihe & Nees Bramble Native 

Rubus sprengelii Weihe Bramble Native 

Rubus subinermoides Druce Bramble Native 

Rubus trichodes W.C.R. Watson Bramble Native 

Rubus tuberculatus Bab. Bramble Native 

Rubus ulmifolius Schott Bramble Native 

Rubus vestitus Weihe Bramble Native 

Rubus warrenii Sudre Bramble Native 

Rubus watsonii Mills Bramble Native 

Rubus winteri P.J.Müll ex Focke Bramble Native 

Rubus idaeus x R. vitifolius Cham. & Schltdl. Casual 

Rumex acetosa ssp. acetosa L. Common Sorrel Native 

Rumex acetosella L. Sheep’s Sorrel Native 

Rumex conglomeratus Murray Clustered Dock Native 

Rumex crispus ssp. crispus L. Curled Dock Native 

Rumex x pratensis Mert. & W.D.J. Koch Native 

Rumex hydrolapathum Huds. Water Dock Native 

Rumex maritimus L. Golden Dock Native 

Rumex obtusifolius L. Broad-leaved Dock Native 

Rumex x steinii Becker Native 

Rumex palustris Sm. Marsh Dock Native 

Rumex pulcher L. Fiddle Dock Native 

Rumex x ogulinensis Borbás Native 

Rumex sanguineus L. Wood Dock Native 

Rumex x dufftii Hausskn. Native 

Rumex x mixtus Lamb. Native 

Rumex x henrardii Danser Native 

Rumex x heteranthos Borbás Native 

Rumex x wirtgenii Beck Native 

Ruscus aculeatus L. Butcher’s-broom Introduction 

Sagina apetala Ard. Annual Pearlwort Native 

Sagina filicaulis Jord. Slender Pearlwort Native 

Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl Knotted Pearlwort Native 

Sagina procumbens L. Procumbent Pearlwort Native 

31

Sagina subulata (Sw.) C. Presl Heath Pearlwort Native 

Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Arrowhead Native 

Salix alba L. White Willow Archeophyte 

Salix aurita L. Eared Willow Native 

Salix caprea ssp. caprea L. Goat Willow Native 

Salix cinerea ssp. cinerea L. 

ssp. oleifolia Macreight 

32 

Grey Willow 

Rusty Willow 

Native 

Salix daphnoides Vill. European Violet-willow Introduction 

Salix elaeagnos Scop. Olive Willow Introduction 

Salix fragilis sens lat Crack-willow Archeophyte 

Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. Dark-leaved Willow Introduction 

Salix pentandra L. Bay Willow Introduction 

Salix purpurea L. Purple Willow Native 

Salix repens L. Creeping Willow Native 

Salix triandra L. Almond Willow Archeophyte 

Salix viminalis L. Osier Archeophyte 

Salix x babylonica L. Peking Willow Introduction 

Salix x calodendron Wimm. Holme Willow Native 

Salix x capreola Jos. Kern. ex Andersson Native 

Salix x fragilis L. Hybrid Crack-willow Archeophyte 

Salix x fruticosa Döll. Shrubby Osier Native 

Salix x holoserica Willd. Silky-leaved Osier Native 

Salix x latifolia J. Forbes Native 

Salix x mollissima Hoffm. ex Elwert Sharp-stipuled Willow Introduction 

Salix x multinervis Döll. Native 

Salix x pontederiana Willd. Native 

Salix x reichardtii A. Kern. Native 

Salix x rubra Huds. Green-leaved Willow Native 

Salix x sepulcralis Simonk. Weeping Willow Native 

Salix x smithiana Willd. Broad-leaved Osier Native 

Salsola kali ssp. tragus (L.) Čelak Spineless Saltwort Casual 

Salvia pratensis L. Meadow Clary Native 

Salvia reflexa Hornem. Mintweed Casual 

Salvia sclarea L. Clary Casual 

Salvia verbenaca ssp. horminoides (Pourr.) Nyman Wild Clary Native 

Salvia verticillata L. Whorled Clary Casual 

Salvia viridis L. Annual Clary Casual 

Sambucus canadensis L. American Elder Casual 

Sambucus ebulus L. Dwarf Elder Archeophyte 

Sambucus nigra L. Elder Native 

Sambucus racemosa L. Red-berried Elder Casual 

Samolus valerandi L. Brookweed Native 

Sanguisorba officinalis L. Great Burnet Native 

Sanicula europaea L. Sanicle Native 

Saponaria officinalis L. Soapwort Archeophyte 

Saponaria ocymoides L. Rock Soapwort Introduction 

Saxifraga granulata L. Meadow Saxifrage Native 

Saxifraga hirsuta L. Kidney Saxifrage Casual 

Saxifraga tridactylites L. Rue-leaved Saxifrage Native

Scabiosa columbaria L. Small Scabious Native 

Scandix pecten-veneris L. Shepherd’s-needle Archeophyte 

X Schedolium loliaceum (Huds.) Holub Hybrid Fescue Native 

Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. Tall Fescue Native 

Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub Giant Fescue Native 

Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv. Meadow Fescue Native 

Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla Common Club-rush Native 

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Palla Grey Club-rush Native 

Schoenus nigricans L. Black Bog-rush Native 

Scilla forbesii (Baker) Speta Glory-of-the-snow Casual 

Scilla siberica Haw. Siberian Squill Casual 

Scirpus sylvaticus L. Wood Club-rush Native 

Scleranthus annuus ssp. annuus L. Annual Knawel Native 

Scleranthus perennis ssp. perennis L. Perennial Knawel Native 

Scorzoneroides autumnalis (L.) Moench Autumn Hawkbit Native 

Scrophularia auriculata L. Water Figwort Native 

Scrophularia nodosa L. Common Figwort Native 

Scrophularia vernalis L. Yellow Figwort Neophyte 

Scutellaria galericulata L. Skullcap Native 

Secale cereale L. Rye Casual 

Securigera varia (L.) Lassen Crown Vetch Casual 

Sedum acre L. Biting Stonecrop Native 

Sedum album L. White Stonecrop Archeophyte 

Sedum anglicum Huds. English Stonecrop Casual 

Sedum dasyphyllum L. Thick-leaved Stonecrop Casual 

Sedum forsterianum Sm. Rock Stonecrop 

Sedum hybridum L. Hybrid Stonecrop Casual 

Sedum rupestre L. Reflexed Stonecrop Neophyte 

Sedum sexangulare L. Tasteless Stonecrop Casual 

Sedum spectabile Boreau Butterfly Stonecrop Casual 

Sedum spurium M. Bieb. Caucasian-stonecrop Casual 

Sedum stellatum L. Starry Stonecrop Casual 

Sedum telephium L. Orpine Native 

Sempervivum tectorum L. House-leek Casual 

Senecio aquaticus ssp. aquaticus Hill Marsh Ragwort Native 

Senecio erucifolius L. Hoary Ragwort Native 

Senecio inaequidens DC. Narrow-leaved Ragwort Neophyte 

Senecio jacobaea L. Common Ragwort Native 

Senecio paludosus L. Fen Ragwort Introduction 

Senecio sarracenicus L. Broad-leaved Ragwort Neophyte 

Senecio squalidus L. Oxford ragwort Neophyte 

Senecio x baxteri Druce Native 

Senecio x subnebrodensis Simonk. Native 

Senecio sylvaticus L. Heath Groundsel Native 

Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit. Eastern Groundsel Casual 

Senecio viscosus L. Sticky Groundsel Neophyte 

Senecio vulgaris L. Groundsel Native 

Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchholz Wellingtonia Introduction 

Serratula tinctoria L. Saw-wort Native 

33

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Yellow Bristle-grass Casual 

Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. Green Bristle-grass Casual 

Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Rough Bristle-grass Casual 

Sherardia arvensis L. Field Madder Native 

Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz & Thell. Pepper-saxifrage Native 

Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv. Rose Campion Casual 

Silene dichotoma Ehrh. Forked Catchfly Casual 

Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. Red Campion Native 

Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Clairv. Ragged-robin Native 

Silene gallica L. Small-flowered Catchfly Archeophyte 

Silene italic (L.) Pers. Italian Catchfly Casual 

Silene latifolia Poir. White Campion Archeophyte 

Silene noctiflora L. Night-flowering Catchfly Archeophyte 

Silene vulgaris ssp. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Bladder Campion Native 

Silene x hampeana Meusel & K. Werner Pink Campion Native 

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Milk Thistle Casual 

Sinapis alba L. White Mustard Archeophyte 

Sinapis arvensis L. Charlock Archeophyte 

Sison amomum L. Stone Parsley Native 

Sisymbrium altissimum L. Tall Rocket Neophyte 

Sisymbrium loeselii L. False London-rocket Casual 

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Hedge Mustard Archeophyte 

Sisymbrium orientale L. Eastern Rocket Neophyte 

Sisyrinchium striatum Sm. Pale Yellow-eyed-grass Casual 

Sium latifolium L. Greater Water-parsnip Native 

Smyrnium olusatrum L. Alexanders Archeophyte 

Solanum dulcamara L. Bittersweet Native 

Solanum lycopersicum L. Tomato Casual 

Solanum nigrum ssp. nigrum L. Black Nightshade Neophyte 

Solanum physalifolium Rusby Green Nightshade Casual 

Solanum rostratum Dunal Buffalo-bur Casual 

Solanum sarachoides Sendtn. Leafy-fruited Nightshade Casual 

Solanum tuberosum L. Potato Casual 

Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy Mind-your-own-business Neophyte 

Solidago canadensis L. Canadian Golden-rod Neophyte 

Solidago gigantea ssp. serotina (O. Kuntze) McNeill Early Goldenrod Neophyte 

Solidago rugosa Mill. Rough-stemmed Goldenrod Casual 

Solidago virgaurea L. Goldenrod Native 

Sonchus arvensis L. Perennial Sowthistle Native 

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Prickly Sowthistle Native 

Sonchus oleraceus L. Smooth Sowthistle Native 

Sonchus palustris L. Marsh Sowthistle Neophyte 

Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz Common Whitebeam Introduction 

Sorbus aucuparia L. Rowan Neophyte 

Sorbus croceocarpa P.D. Sell Orange Whitebeam Introduction 

Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers. Swedish Whitebeam Introduction 

Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz Wild Service-tree Native 

Sparganium emersum Rehmann Unbranched Bur-reed Native 

34

Sparganium erectum ssp. neglectum (Beeby) K. Richt. 

ssp. erectum L. 

ssp. oocarpum (Čelak.) Domin. 

Branched Bur-reed 

Native 

Sparganium natans L. Least Bur-reed Native 

Spergula arvensis L. Corn Spurrey Archeophyte 

Spergularia marina (L.) Besser Lesser Sea-spurrey Neophyte 

Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl Sand Spurrey Native 

Spiraea douglasii Hook. Steeple-bush Casual 

Spiraea salicifolia L. Bridewort Casual 

Spiraea x billardii Hérinq Billard's Bridewort Casual or Introduction 

Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. Autumn Lady’s-tresses Native 

Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Greater Duckweed Native 

Stachys annua (L.) L. Annual Yellow-woundwort Casual 

Stachys arvensis (L.) L. Field Woundwort Archeophyte 

Stachys byzantina K. Koch Lamb’s-ear Casual 

Stachys germanica L. Downy Woundwort Native 

Stachys palustris L. Marsh Woundwort Native 

Stachys sylvatica L. Hedge Woundwort Native 

Stachys x ambigua Sm. Hybrid Woundwort Native 

Staphylea pinnata L. Bladdernut Introduction 

Stellaria alsine Grimm Bog Stitchwort Native 

Stellaria graminea L. Lesser Stitchwort Native 

Stellaria holostea L. Greater Stitchwort Native 

Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Common Chickweed Native 

Stellaria neglecta Weihe Greater Chickweed Native 

Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Crép. Lesser Chickweed Native 

Stellaria palustris Ehrh. ex Hoffm. Marsh Stitchwort Native 

Stratiotes aloides L. Water-soldier Introduction 

Succisa pratensis Moench Devil’s-bit Scabious Native 

Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake Snowberry Neophyte 

Symphoricarpus x chenaultii Rehder Chenault's Coralberry Introduction 

Symphytum asperum Lepech. Rough Comfrey Casual 

Symphytum caucasicum M. Bieb. Caucasian Comfrey Casual 

Symphytum grandiflorum DC. Creeping Comfrey Neophyte 

Symphytum officinale ssp. officinale L. Common Comfrey Native 

Symphytum orientale L. White Comfrey Neophyte 

Symphytum tuberosum L. Tuberous Comfrey Casual 

Symphytum x uplandicum Nyman Russian Comfrey Neophyte 

Syringa vulgaris L. Lilac Introduction 

Tamus communis L. Black Bryony Native 

Tanacetum balsamita L. Costmary Casual 

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip. Feverfew Archeophyte 

Tanacetum vulgare L. Tansy Native 

Taraxacum akteum Hagend., Soest & Zevenb. Hampshire Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum alatum Lindb. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum orcadense Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum ancistrolobum Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum brachyglossum (Dahlst.) Raunk. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum bracteatum Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum coartatum G.E. Haglund Dandelion Native 

35

Taraxacum cophocentrum Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum cordatum Palmgr. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum cyanolepis Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum dilatatum Lindb. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum duplidentifrons Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum faeroense (Dahlst.) Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum fasciatum Dahlst. Dandelion Possibly Native 

Taraxacum fulviforme Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum fulvum Raunk. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum hamatulum Hagend., Soest & Zevenb. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum hamatum Raunk. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum huelphersianum G.E. Haglund Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum laciniosifrons Winst. in Raunk. Dandelion Probably Native 

Taraxacum laciniosum Dahlst. Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum lacistophyllum (Dahlst.) Raunk. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum laeticolor Dahlst. Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum longisquameum Lindb. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum mimulum Dahlst.ex Lindb. Dandelion Casual 

Taraxacum naevosum Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum nordstedtii Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum oblongatum Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum oxoniense Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum pallescens Dahlst. Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum palustre (Lyons) Symons Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum piceatum Dahlst. Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum polyodon Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum proximum (Dahlst.) Raunk. Umber-fruited Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum pseudohamatum Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum retroflexum Lindb. Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum rhamphodes G.E. Haglund Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum rubicundum (Dahlst.) Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum sellandii Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum spiculatum M.P. Christ. Sagittate-lobed Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum subexpallidum Dahlst. Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum subhamatum M.P. Christ. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum tenebricans (Dahlst.) Dahlst. Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum tumentilobum Markl. ex Hagl. Dandelion Neophyte 

Taraxacum unguilobum Dahlst. Dandelion Native 

Taraxacum vastisectum Markl. ex Puol. Dandelion Neophyte 

Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. Swamp Cypress Introduction 

Taxus baccata L. Yew Native 

Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) W.T. Aiton Shepherd’s Cress Native 

Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Douglas ex Lindl. Fringecups Casual 

Tephroseris integrifolia ssp. integrifolia (L.) Holub Field Fleawort Native 

Teucrium scordium L. Water Germander Native 

Teucrium scorodonia L. Wood Sage Native 

Thalictrum flavum L. Common Meadow-rue Native 

Thalictrum minus L. Lesser Meadow-rue Casual 

36

Thalictrum speciosissimum L. Yellow Meadow-rue Casual 

Thelypteris palustris Schott Marsh Fern Native 

Thermopsis montana Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray False Lupin Casual 

Thlaspi arvense L. Field Penny-cress Archeophyte 

Thuja occidentalis L. Northern White-cedar Introduction 

Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Red-cedar Introduction 

Thymus polytrichus ssp. britannicus (Ronniger) Kerguélen Wild Thyme Native 

Thymus pulegioides L. Large Thyme Native 

Thymus serpyllum L. Breckland Thyme 

Tilia americana L. American Basswood Introduction 

Tilia cordata Mill. Small-leaved Lime Native 

Tilia platyphyllos Scop. Large-leaved Lime Introduction 

Tilia x euchlora K. Koch Caucasian Lime Introduction 

Tilia x europaea L. Common Lime Introduction 

Tilia x tomentosa Moench Pendant Lime Introduction 

Tolypella glomerata (Desv.) Leonh. Clustered Stonewort 

Tolypella intricate (Trentep. Ex Roth) Leonh. Tassel-stonewort 

Tolypella prolifera (Ziz ex A. Braun) Leonh. Great Tassel-stonewort 

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link Spreading Hedge-parsley Archeophyte 

Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. Upright Hedge-parsley Native 

Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Knotted Hedge-parsley Native 

Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don Abraham-Isaac-Joseph Casual 

Tragopogon porrifolius L. Salsify Neophyte 

Tragopogon pratensis ssp. minor (Mill.) Wahlenb. 

ssp. pratensis L. 

37 

Goat’s-beard 

Native 

Neophyte 

Tragopogon x mirabilis Rouy Native 

Trifolium arvense L. Hare’s-foot Clover Native 

Trifolium aureum Pollich Large Trefoil Casual 

Trifolium campestre Schreb. Hop Trefoil Native 

Trifolium dubium Sibth. Lesser Trefoil Native 

Trifolium fragiferum ssp. fragiferum L. Strawberry Clover Native 

Trifolium hybridum ssp. hybridum L. Alsike Clover Neophyte 

Trifolium incarnatum ssp. incarnatum L. Crimson Clover Casual 

Trifolium medium L. Zigzag Clover Native 

Trifolium micranthum Viv. Slender Trefoil Native 

Trifolium ochroleucon Huds. Sulphur Clover Native 

Trifolium pratense L. Red Clover Native 

Trifolium repens L. White Clover Native 

Trifolium resupinatum L. Reversed Clover Casual 

Trifolium scabrum L. Rough Clover Native 

Trifolium striatum L. Knotted Clover Native 

Triglochin palustris L. Marsh Arrowgrass Native 

Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. Scentless Mayweed Archeophyte 

Trisetum flavescens ssp. flavescens (L.) P. Beauv. Yellow Oat-grass Native 

Tristagma uniflorum (Lindl.) Traub Spring Starflower Casual 

Triticum aestivum L. Bread Wheat Casual 

Tropaeolum majus L. Nasturtium Casual 

Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) Pritzel ex Diels. Chinese Hemlock Introduction 

Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. Western Hemlock-spruce Introduction

Tulipa gesneriana L. Garden Tulip Casual 

Tulipa sylvestris L. Wild Tulip Neophyte 

Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. Greater Bur-parsley Casual 

Turritis glabra L. Tower Mustard Native 

Tussilago farfara L. Colt’s-foot Native 

Typha angustifolia L. Lesser Bulrush Native 

Typha latifolia L. Bulrush Native 

Typha x glauca Godr. Native 

Ulex europaeus L. Gorse Native 

Ulex minor Roth Dwarf Gorse Native 

Ulmus glabra Huds. Wych Elm Native 

Ulmus minor ssp. angustifolia (Weston) Stace 

ssp. minor Mill. 

ssp. sarniensis (C.K. Schneid.) Stace 

38 

Cornish Elm 

Small-leaved Elm 

Jersey Elm 

Introduction 

Native 

Introduction 

Ulmus plotii Druce Plot’s Elm Native 

Ulmus procera Salisb. English Elm Archeophyte 

?Ulmus x elegantissima Horw. Native 

Ulmus x hollandica Mill. Dutch Elm Native 

Ulmus x vegeta (Loudon) Ley Huntingdon Elm Native 

?Ulmus x viminalis Lodd. ex Loudon Native 

Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy Navelwort Native 

Urtica dioica ssp. dioica L. 

ssp. galeopsifolia (Wierzb. ex Opiz) Chrtek 

Common Nettle 

Stingless Nettle 

Native 

Native 

Urtica pilulifera L. Roman Nettle Casual 

Urtica urens L. Small Nettle Archeophyte 

Utricularia minor L. Lesser Bladderwort Native 

Utricularia vulgaris L. Greater Bladderwort Native 

Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert Cowherb Casual 

Valeriana dioica L. Marsh Valerian Native 

Valeriana officinalis ssp. collina (Wallr.) Nyman 

ssp. sambucifolia (J.C. Mikan ex Pohl) W.R. Hayw. 

Common Valerian 

Native 

Valerianella carinata Loisel. Keel-fruited Cornsalad Archeophyte 

Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich Narrow-fruited Cornsalad Archeophyte 

Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. Hairy-fruited Cornsalad Casual 

Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. Common Cornsalad Native 

Valerianella rimosa Bastard Broad-fruited cornsalad Archeophyte 

Verbascum blattaria L. Moth Mullein Casual 

Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. Dense-flowered Mullein Casual 

Verbascum lychnitis L. White Mullein Casual 

Verbascum nigrum L. Dark Mullein Native 

Verbascum phlomoides L. Orange Mullein Casual 

Verbascum pulverulentum Vill. Hoary Mullein Casual 

Verbascum speciosum Schrad. Hungarian Mullein Casual 

Verbascum thapsus L. Great Mullein Native 

Verbascum virgatum Stokes Twiggy Mullein Casual 

Verbascum x semialbum Chaub. Native 

Verbena bonariensis L. Argentinean Vervain Casual 

Verbena officinalis L. Vervain Archeophyte 

Veronica agrestis L. Green Field-speedwell Archeophyte 

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Blue Water-speedwell Native

Veronica arvensis L. Wall Speedwell Native 

Veronica beccabunga L. Brooklime Native 

Veronica catenata Pennell Pink Water-speedwell Native 

Veronica chamaedrys L. Germander Speedwell Native 

Veronica filiformis Sm. Slender Speedwell Neophyte 

Veronica hederifolia ssp. hederifolia L. 

ssp. lucorum (Klett & Richt.) Hartl 

Ivy-leaved Speedwell 

Archeophyte 

Veronica longifolia L. Garden Speedwell Casual 

Veronica montana L. Wood Speedwell Native 

Veronica officinalis L. Heath Speedwell Native 

Veronica persica Poir. Common Field-speedwell Neophyte 

Veronica polita Fr. Grey Field-speedwell Neophyte 

Veronica scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell Native 

Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved Speedwell Native 

Veronica spicata L. Spiked Speedweell Casual 

Viburnum lantana L. Wayfaring-tree Native 

Viburnum opulus L. Guelder-rose Native 

Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl. Wrinkled Viburnum Casual 

Vicia bithynica (L.) L. Bithynian Vetch Casual 

Vicia cracca L. Tufted Vetch Native 

Vicia faba L. Broad Bean Casual 

Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray Hairy Tare Native 

Vicia lutea L. Yellow-vetch Casual 

Vicia pannonica Crantz Hungarian Vetch Casual 

Vicia sativa ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. 

ssp. sativa L. 

ssp. segetalis (Thuill.) Gaudin 

39 

Narrow-leaved Vetch 

Common Vetch 

Native 

Casual 

Archeophyte 

Vicia sepium L. Bush Vetch Native 

Vicia sylvatica L. Wood Vetch Native 

Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. Smooth Tare Native 

Vicia villosa Roth Fodder Vetch Casual 

Vinca major L. Greater Periwinkle Neophyte 

Vinca minor L. Lesser Periwinkle Archeophyte 

Viola arvensis Murray Field Pansy Archeophyte 

Viola canina ssp. canina L. Heath Dog-violet Native 

Viola hirta L. Hairy Violet Native 

Viola odorata L. Sweet Violet Native 

Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau Early Dog-violet Native 

Viola riviniana Rchb. Common Dog-violet Native 

Viola x intersita Beck Native 

Viola x bavarica Schrank. Native 

Viola tricolor ssp. tricolor L. Wild Pansy Native 

Viola x contempta Jord. Native 

Viola x scabra F. Braun Native 

Viola x wittrockiana Gams ex Kappert Garden Pansy Casual 

Viscum album L. Mistletoe Native 

Vitis vinifera L. Grape Vine Casual 

Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray Squirreltail Fescue Native 

Vulpia ciliata ssp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier Bearded Fescue Casual 

Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. Rat’s-tail Fescue Native

Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm. Rootless Duckweed Native 

X Conyzigeron huelsenii (Vatke) Rauschert Native 

X Cuprocyparis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Farjon Leyland Cypress Introduction 

X Dactylodenia heinzelliana (Reichardt) Garay & H.R. Sweet Native 

Xanthium spinosum L. Spiny Cocklebur Casual 

Xanthocyparis nootkanensis (D. Don) Farjon & D.K. Harder Nootka Cypress Introduction 

Yucca gloriosa L. Spanish-dagger Introduction 

Zannichellia palustris L. Horned Pondweed Native 

Zea Mays L. Maize Casual 

Wood Horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum (Rob Wilson) 

40

APPENDIX 1 

A list species that have been recorded in print as being present in the vice-county, the records for which are 

now considered to be errors. 

TAXON COMMON NAME 

Aster novae-angliae L. Hairy Michaelmas-daisy 

Bidens x peacockii Druce 

Callitriche palustris L. Narrow-fruited Water-starwort 

Carex vulpina L. True Fox-sedge 

Carex x appeliana Zahn 

Cephelanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch Narrow-leaved Helleborine 

Crepis foetida L. Stinking Hawk's-beard 

Epipactis leptochila (Godfery) Godfery Narrow-lipped Helleborine 

Euphrasia stricta D. Wolff ex J. Lehm. Eyebright 

Herminium monorchis (L.) R. Br. Musk Orchid 

Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Horse Mint 

Pilosella x stoloniflora (Waldst. & Kit.) F. Schultz & Sch. Bip. 

Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. Lesser Butterfly-orchid 

Potamogeton nodosus Poir. Loddon Pondweed 

Potamogeton polygonifolius Pourr. Bog Pondweed 

Salix triandra x purpurea 

Silene nutans L. Nottingham Catchfly 

Sonchus oleraceus x S. asper 

Spiranthes aestivalis (Poir.) Rich. Summer Lady's-tresses 

Taraxacum orcadense Dahlst. Large-lobed Dandelion Native 

Viola rupestris F.W.Scmidt Teesdale Violet 

Deadly nightshade Atropa belladonna in Bedford Purlieus. (Rob Wilson) 

APPENDIX 2 

A list of species that were recorded in Druce's flora (1930) for which current taxonomy cannot be traced 

Rubus cenamanensis Sudre Bramble 

Rubus flaccidifolius P.J. Műll Bramble 

Rubus serpens Rogers & Weihe Bramble 

41

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