Lilium cultivation
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Commercial cultivation of Lilium and post-harvest handling of bulb
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Lilium cultivation
- 2. Lilium Hybrids (Liliaceae) Commercial cultivation as: Cut flower Pot Plant Landscaping
- 3. IMPORTANT GROUPS AND CULTIVARS • Asiatic Hybrids • Oriental Hybrids • Longiflorum Hybrids (Easter Lilies) • LA Hybrids • LO Hybrids
- 4. Lilium Important Cultivars: Asiatic: Connecticut King, Elite, Gran Paradiso, Pollyanna, Prato, Brunello Oriental: Acapulco, Berlin, Casa Blanca, Kyoto, Olympic Star, Star Gazer, Marco Polo L/A Hybrids: Royal Parade, Moneymaker, San Jose, Brindisii, Lateya, Pavia, Litouwen,Menorca
- 5. Elite Brunello Madras Detroit LILIUM ASIATIC HYBRIDS
- 6. Grand Cru Apeldoorn Prato Toscana Alaska
- 7. LILIUM ORIENTAL HYBRIDS Star Gazer Pink Star Gazer White Aca Pulco Le Reve Casa Blanca
- 10. Growing Environments • Cooler zones • Temperature: 13-170C Night, 210C Day • Light: 50% shade • RH: 60-70%
- 11. Growing Medium Qualities of the growing medium • Well drained • Good aeration • Rich in humus • Soil pH 6.5-7.5 • Medium Sterilization
- 12. Planting • Beds: Raised of 1m width Planting Density • Spacing : 20x20 cm(25bulbs/m2) : 15x15 cm(36 bulbs/m2) • Depth of planting: 6 inch Time of planting • Low Hills: Sept-Oct • Mid Hills: Oct-Jan • High Hills: March-May
- 13. Inter Cultural Operations • Mulching • Watering • Staking • Fertilization • Weeding • Hoeing
- 14. Manuring and Fertilization • FYM: 6-8kg/m2 • N: 140kg/hac(CAN: 560 kg) • P2O5: 280kg/hac(SSP:1750 kg) • K2O: 200kg/hac(MOP:300.33 kg)
- 15. Harvesting and Post Harvest Handling Optimum Stage: Fully developed lower bud showing colour (depending upon number of buds) Time of harvest: Early in the morning Grading: according to the number of flower buds per stem, length , firmness of stem Packing: Bunching of 10 stems and packing in perforated corrugated boxes
- 16. Lifting of bulbs • Reduce frequency of irrigation. Allow the bulbs to remain in bed till the above ground portion dries out. • Stage of Harvesting: 45-50 days after cut flower harvest in Asiatic, 55- 60days in Orientals • Bulbs are dug carefully without damaging the scales along with dried stem • Remove the dried stem • Remove the adhering soil and debris
- 17. Post harvest Treatment of Bulbs • Wash the bulbs and treat with a solution of Dithane(0.25%)+Bavistin(0.1%) for 30 min. • Air dry in shade • Place the bulbs in moist sterile sawdust/ cocopeat in layers • Cover with perforated plastic sleeves • Keep the crates in cold storage at 20C for desired time • (6-8weeks in Asiatic, 8-10 weeks in oriental hybrids). • Monitor the trays regularly for any rotting/ fungal infection
- 18. Raising the crop in the next season • Commercial Practice: to discard and destroy the bulbs and use of fresh planting stock • Increasing the bulb size: • Disbudding • Paclobutrazol 25ppm soaking treatment to bulbs before planting.
- 19. Scale with basal plate Treatment of scales with fungicides Planting of scales in different media after growth regulator treatments PROPAGATION Lilium bulbs
- 20. Sprouting of scales Bulblets after 6months Bulblets after 2 months Bulblets replanted for increasing size 10 months old Plants One year old bulblets
- 21. Diseases Gray Mould: (Botrytis elliptica) • Symptoms:circular or oval and yellowish to reddish brown spots on the leaves. • Control: this disease is prevented by spraying copper fungicide in early spring. Spray with Bordeaux mixture @ 2% has been found useful. Fungicides like captan, thiram are also effective. Bulb rot: (Fussarium oxysporum f. sp.lilii.) • Symptoms:Lower leaves that grow from infected bulbs became yellow and dry prematurely. In severe infection plants become stunted in growth and extensively rotted scales are observed. • Control: removal of infected plants from the field. Drenching the soil with formalin, tetrachlor or captan. Stem sterilization of the soil..
- 22. Foot rot: (Phytophthora cactorum) • Symptoms: infected parts become shrunken and plants wither and die. • Control: good drainage is very important to prevent the disease. Avoid the cultivation in wet weather condition. Affected plants should be dug up and destroyed. Bordeaux mixture or copper fungicides should be applied to control the disease. Penicillium rot: (Penicillium) • Symptoms: rotting spots covered first with white and later with fluffy bluish green fungus on scales • Control: store the bulbs at lowest recommanded temperature. Remove infected scales/bulbs.
- 23. Insect Pests Aphids: Damage: suck the cell sap from growing terminal points, also from the foliage Control: spraying with malation checks aphids. Lily beetle(Lilioceris lilii) Damage:both larvae and adults feed on the leaves, stems, seed pods of lily, causing serious damage. Beetles attacks found on younger plants which has green leaves. Control: beetle are easily controlled by spraying with malathion Manually beetles controlled by individual picking from the plant.
- 24. Lily thrips: (Liothrips vaneeckei and Taeniothrips simplex ) Symptoms: damaged bulbs produce rust coloured sunken areas at the base of outer scales, which become soft and break off easily. Plants grown infected bulbs are stunted Control: to destroy the thrips, the bulbs should be stored at a temperature below 10oC Dipping the bulbs for an hour in hot water at 500C to control the pest. Bulb mite: (Rhizogliphus echinopus) Symptoms: the infected leaves and stems become yellow Infected scales are easily detached from the bulbs Control: bulbs should be grown in the properly drained soil and crop rotation should be followed
- 25. Physiological disorders Bud drop and desiccation Cause: insufficient light conditions, too dry soil condition • Varieties susceptible to bud drop should not be planted at poor light conditions • Improve general growing conditions including soil moisture level • Leaf Scorch Cause: Sudden change in relative humidity of the environment • Improve general growing conditions including soil moisture level