Celery

CELERY
Submitted To Submitted By
Dr. Yograj Shukla Hemlata Kaushal
Important points about Celery
• Celery (Apium graveolens) is a marshland plant in the
family Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since
antiquity.
• Celery has a long fibrous stalk tapering into leaves.
• Depending on location and cultivar, either its stalks, leaves
or hypocotyl are eaten and used in cooking.
• Celery leaves are pinnate to bipinnate with rhombic leaflets 3–6
centimetres.
• Celery is a biennial plant that occurs around the globe.
• It produces flowers and seeds only during its second year.
• The plants are raised from seed, sown either in a hot bed or in the
open garden.
• Celery was first grown as a winter and early spring vegetable.
• Celery is a herbaceous plant, usually 60 to 120 cm.
• Annual cultures are grown in India mainly for seed purpose.
• Root is succulent, well developed with numerous lateral roots.
• It is a winter (rabi) crop, needs warm days and cool nights, low
humidity and plenty of sun-shine.
• The crop is ready for harvesting when umbels turn light to dark brown
in colour during later part in the month of March.
• The crop is grown as a winter annual for its seed and seed oil, used for
flavouring tinned food and sauces.
• For celery plantation, it requires well pulverized and levelled soil.
• Good fertile well drained soil is very suitable for the crop.
• With high amounts of organic material rich in laterite soil pH of 6 to
6.5 is very suitable for the cultivation of the crop.
• It can be cultivated in three seasons, i.e., Neerbogam (February -
April), karbogam (April –June) and kadaipokam.
• Proper and rapid irrigation for required for crop development. Need
water once a week.
• Celery requires too much water for its good growth. Frequent but
light irrigations are required for celery.
Latest area and production of Turnip
TYPES OF CELERY
Green varieties
Easter green-filled, d’Elne green, UTA type, Florida type, Florimart, Slow
Bolting type, Easter type, June-Belle, Lepage green, Verdon, etc.
Golden and self-blanching varieties

Full golden, Golden Barbier, Golden Self-Blanching, Lathom
Blanching, Jason, Celebrity, Selfira, Chatteris, Golden Plume, Golden
Spartan, Avon Resister, Avon Pearl and others.
Question – 1 (Fill in the blanks):
1) Celery (Apium graveolens and A. rapaceum) is a member of the ____family.
2) This cool-season crop is a biennial plant grown as an_______.
3) The seed has __________and nerve stimulant properties.
4) Celery is a _______plant, usually 60 to 120 cm high.
5) It is a winter (rabi) crop, needs warm days and _____nights.
6) The crop thrives well on ________to loamy soil
7) After the harvested crop is dried in the sun for a considerable period, the seeds
are obtained by threshing and then cleaned by__________.
8) Celery is a cool season crop requiring a mean temperature of______.
9) Apium graveolens (celery and celeriac) is a member of the family__________.
10) Celery prefers ______water holding capacity and friable soil types.
(Answers: 1. parsley2. annual 3. carminative 4. herbaceous 5. cool 6. silt loam 7.
winnowing 8. 17 degree Celsius 9. Umbelliferae 10. high)
Question – 2 (True / False )
1) Celery is a cold area crop.(True)
2) Proper and rapid irrigation requires for crop development.(True)
3) Botanical name of celery is Apiumgraveolens.(True)
4) Celery is a Asian herb.(False)
5) Celery crop is propagated through winter.(False)
6) Seed contains 2-3 % essential oil.(True)
7) The fruit is made up of three united umbels, each containing a seed.
(False)
8) It is not suited to clayey soil.(True)
9) It is sensitive to very low temperature 5-10°C causes early bolting.(True)
10) Florida Golden and Golden belong to green leaved.(False)
(Answers : 4. Mediterranean 5. seeds 7. two 10. self blanched)
Question -3(Correct the statement)
1) Hardened plants can briefly withstand temperatures a few degrees below boiling .
2) The vernalized plant quickly produces a flower stalk (bolts) that prosper further stalk
development.
3) During the second year of growth, celery forms, a short subconical stem bearing a
spiral rosette of leaves on the end of an elongated petiole.
4) Celery crops produce a large biomass and therefore is one of the least feeding
vegetable crops
5) Isolation distances for commercial seed crops should be a minimum of 1600 m.
6) Celery seeds are very small, slow to germinate, and emergence is very regular.
7) Celery is always field planted using 2 to 3 week old transplants.
8) Water stress will slow growth and increase yields
9) Water is needed most at the time of expansive growth of the root tissue.
10) The seed crop is ready for harvesting when the plants show signs of senility and the
majority of seeds on the major inflorescenses have become a green color.
Correction
1) Freezing
2) Inhibits
3) First
4) Heaviest
5) 800 m
6) Irregular
7) 4 to 6 week
8) Decrease
9) Leaf
10) gray brown
Question – 4 (Match the following)
1) Phosphorus deficiency a) Black heart
2) Cercospora apii b) Cracked stem
3) Ca deficiency
c) Pencil strip
4) Boron deficiency
5) Liriomyza trifoli
d) Leaf blight
6) Colletotrichum acutatum e) Celery anthracnose
7) Aphis fabae f) Celery leaf miner
8) gamma rays g) Aphids
9) soil moisture h) Mulching
10) chlorophyll
i) Blanching
Answers- a-3, b-4 c-1, d-2, e-6, f-5, g-7,
h-9, i-10, j-8 j) RRL-85-1
Question – 5 (Multiple choice question)
1) Chromosome no. of celery is –
a) 2n = 22 b) 2n =18 c) 2n= 16 d) 2n =24
2) Late variety of celery
a) Purple top white b) Golden Ball c) Fork Hook Emperor d) Snowball
3) Depth of sowing should be
b) 1.5cm b) 3cm c) 5cm d) 7cm
4) Seeds of turnip should be sown on ridges or rows at
c) 25cm b) 60cm c) 45cm d) 90cm
5) Botanical Family Name of celery
d) Cruciferae b) Apium graveolens c) Spikelet d) Peronospora
6) Seed rate kg/ha in celery is –
e) 1 b) 5 c) 7 d) 9
7) Pollination System of celery is
a) Self b) cross c) narrow d) broad
8) Optimum temp. for heading in celery is –
a) 15-21 degree celcius b) 18 – 24 degree celcius c) 10 -15 degree celcius
d) 25- 30 degree celcius
9) In the plains, the seeds of celery are sown from
e) July to September b) September to October c) October to December d)
January to March
10) Celery needs a loose, well-aerated soil having a pH range of
f) 5.7 to 6.0 b) 4.4 to 5.0 c) 7.0 to 8.0 d) 5.0 to 6.0
( Answers - 1-a , 2-c , 3-a , 4-a , 5-b , 6-a , 7-b , 8- a 9-c , 10- a )
Recent Research:Competition and Crop Performance in a Leek–Celery
Intercropping System
• In an intercropping system with leek (Allium porrum L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce
(Mill.) Pers.), weed suppression is improved through increased canopy light interception. Intra- and
interspecific competition in the system, however, affects the performance of the crops with respect
to yield and quality. The objective of the study was to quantify intra- and interspecific competition by
leek and celeriac [Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaud.-Beaup] or celery in an
intercropping system.
• A 3 yr study was carried out to investigate the effects of plant density, relative proportion of
component crop, spatial arrangement, and N input on biomass production, crop quality, and N use in
an intercropping system with leek and celeriac or celery. Land equivalent ratios exceeding unity were
found, indicating an improved resource use by the crop mixture. Relative yield totals around one
showed that with respect to biomass production, no yield advantage was found in the crop mixture.
• Analyses using a hyperbolic yield density response model showed that the competitive ability of
celeriac and celery was significantly higher than that of leek. Effects of intra- and interspecific
competition resulted for both crops in a reduction of the quality. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (E U)
was generally poor in all crop stands, particularly at a high N application rate. The intercropping
system needs improvement with respect to crop quality, and it is suggested to apply ecophysiological
crop growth models to maximize crop complementarity and competitive ability against weeds.
Recent Research:Deep percolation in greenhouse-cultivated
celery using the technique of subsurface film strips placement
• To reduce the deep percolation during greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the technique of
subsurface film strips placement was tested. Four treatments with two kinds of cross-sections (flat
and U-shaped) and two different spacings (10 cm and 40 cm) of subsurface film strips were arranged
in a greenhouse before planting celery.
• At the same time, a non-film treatment was arranged for comparison. Soil water content was
measured and irrigation time was adjusted according to the soil water content. Evapotranspiration of
celery during growth was calculated by the method of energy balance and the deep percolation was
calculated by the equation of water balance. Deep percolation was reduced in all experimental
treatments. Greater reduction in deep percolation was observed when using U-shaped cross-section
strips compared with that using the flat cross-section strips. In addition, greater reduction in deep
percolation was observed when the spacing between the film strips was smaller.
• The results of this test showed that the technique of subsurface film strips placement can reduce
deep percolation and conserve irrigation water for greenhouse vegetables cultivation. However, the
optimal layout variables for the use of the technique of subsurface film strips placement need
further experimental and numerical analysis.
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Celery

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CELERY

Golden and self-blanching varieties

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