Volume 7, Issue 2, February – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Potential Granule Effervescent from a mixture of

beetroot extract (Beta vulgaris L), Malang apple
(Malus sylvestris L.) and Carrot (Daucus carota L.) as
Preparation for Lowering Blood Cholesterol Levels
Ratnaningsih DA Sarmalina Simamora
Palembang Health Polytechnic Palembang Health Polytechnic
Pharmacy Department Pharmacy Department
Indonesia Indonesia

Tedi
Palembang Health Polytechnic
Pharmacy Department
Indonesia

Muhamad Taswin
Palembang Health Polytechnic
Pharmacy Department
Indonesia

Abstract:- This study aims to test the potency of granule I. INTRODUCTION

effervescent from a mixture of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.),
Malang apple (Malus sylvestris L.) and carrot (Daucus Hypercholesterolemia is a condition in which cholesterol
carota L.) extracts as preparations for lowering blood concentration in the blood exceeds the standard value [1].
cholesterol levels. In this study, beetroot, apple and carrot Cholesterol has been shown to disrupt and alter the structure of
were used as aqueous extracts and made into 8 effervescent blood vessels resulting in impaired endothelial function leading
granule formulations. 4 formulas with variations of citric to lesions, plaques, occlusions, and emboli. In addition,
acid, tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate 1:1:1 and 4 cholesterol is thought to be responsible for increased oxidative
formulas with a ratio of 1:2:3. Each formula with acid-base stress. Cholesterol in the food we eat can raise cholesterol
variations will be added with a mixture of beetroot, apple levels in the blood, which results in hypercholesterolemia [2].
and carrot extract (1:1:1) with levels of 15%, 20% and One of the most common diseases caused by increased
25% and one formula without extract as a control. After cholesterol levels in the blood is atherosclerosis [1].
knowing its stability, the preparation was tested for its
potential as cholesterol-lowering in 9 groups of male Some plants that have been used empirically by the
Wistar white rats, each group consisting of 4 rats given a community to reduce blood cholesterol levels are beetroot,
high-cholesterol diet for 14 days. Cholesterol levels were apple and carrot, which can be used singly or in mixed form.
checked on the 0, 7 and 14 days using a digital cholesterol The mixture of these three fruits is not only beneficial for
checker. The study results were analyzed using one-way lowering blood cholesterol levels but has also been used for
ANOVA statistical test (p<0.05). From the test results on hepatic protection and detoxification in cancer patients. In a
rats, it was found that all effervescent granule formulas single state, it can be eaten directly or made into juice, while in
containing mixed extracts of beetroot, apple and carrot hybrid form, it is used by making the juice by cutting it into
extract (1:1:1) with levels of 15%, 20% and 25% could pieces and then mashing it through a coarse blender and
reduce blood cholesterol levels in mice. It can be concluded filtering—the filter results in water that can be drunk once a
that granule effervescent from a mixture of aqueous day.
extracts of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L), Malang apple
(Malus sylvestris L.) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) (1:1:1) Apple extract (Malus sylvestris Mill) has been shown to
can be used as preparations for lowering total cholesterol reduce blood cholesterol in mice and potentially protect against
levels in rat blood at a level of 15%. cardiovascular disease [3]. Research on beetroot extract (Beta
vulgaris L.) has been carried out [4], proving it can
Keywords:- Effervescent Granules; Beetroot; Carrots; significantly reduce blood cholesterol levels in rats and at the
Apples; Cholesterol. same time have potential antioxidant activity. A study on carrot
extract (Daucus carota L.) conducted [5] showed that carrots
could reduce fat blood levels, including cholesterol and
triglycerides, in albino rats.

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Volume 7, Issue 2, February – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
According to [6], mixed juice of beetroot, carrots and II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
apples can improve the nutritional quality of the three. Beetroot
is very rich in antioxidants and natural nitrates. This nitrate will This research is an experimental study with randomized
enhance blood flow throughout the body, including the brain, and post-test control group designs [7].
heart and muscles. This compound will increase nitric oxide
molecules that help open blood vessels, increasing oxygen The tools used are analytical scales, standard laboratory
flow. These compounds also lower blood pressure, thereby glassware, mortar and stamper, mouth mirror, pH meter,
reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. But beetroot cannot stopwatch. The materials needed are Beets, Malang apples and
be consumed too much, so it must be mixed with other natural fresh carrots, Citric Acid, Tartaric Acid, Sodium bicarbonate,
ingredients such as carrots and apples. This study showed that PVP, dextrin, aspartame and ginger extract, simvastatin, aqua,
the most stable mixture of beetroot, carrot and apple juice for egg yolks, Wistar male white rats.
21 days was a mixture of 50:20:30.
Each of the beetroot, Malang apple and carrot were
To optimize the use of a mixture of these three plant extracted separately. The material is washed and then blended
ingredients, it is necessary to develop a pharmaceutical with enough water and filtered. The filter results are
preparation that is stable, practical and attractive in use. One of concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Then each extract was
them is granule preparation effervescent. This is to avoid dried with 1:1 dextrin to obtain a dry extract of beetroot,
damage from the water extracted by the air, so it does not have Malang apple and carrot.
to be made new every day. As well as to increase the selling
value of the stock. Preparation of effervescent granule formula used in this
study is a modification from the previous study [8] by varying
This study is to analyze the potential of granule the levels of extract and levels of acid and base. The base mass
effervescent from a mixture of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), is made by mixing the dry extract with sodium bicarbonate,
Malang apple (Malus sylvestris L.) and carrot (Daucus carota powdered ginger flavoring and aspartame until homogeneous.
L.) extract using two sources of acid, namely citric acid and PVP binder dissolved in 96% ethanol is added. After the mass
tartaric acid and a primary source of sodium bicarbonate in a can be clenched, it is then granulated. Acid mass is made by
ratio of 1: 1: 2. as preparation for lowering blood cholesterol mixing powdered citric acid with tartaric acid until
levels as well as its evaluation in hypercholesterolemia male homogeneous. Add lactose and PVP binder in 96% ethanol
white rats. grind until the mass can be clenched, then granulated.

Each granule of acid mass and alkaline mass was dried in

a drying cabinet 1 x 24 hours. During the drying process, the
granules are inverted.

After drying, it is sieved with 14 mesh then immediately

dried again at a temperature of 40oC. The base mass and the
mass were then mixed to evaluate the flow rate, angle of
repose, dissolution time, high foam and ph.

TABLE 1. EFFERVESCENT GRANULE FORMULA COMBINATION

Ingredient F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8
Beetroot, Apple and Carrot 15% 20% 25% - 15% 20% 25% -
Citric Acid 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
Tartaric Acid 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000
Na,Bicarbonate 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500
PVP 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800
Aspartame 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Dextrin 600 800 1000 800 600 800 1000 800
Ginger Flavor q.s q.s q.s q.s q.s q.s q.s q.s
Lactose 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000

Effervescent granules from each formula were tested suspension was prepared by dispersing 1 tablet of 500 mg
against hypercholesterolemia in male Wistar rats with simvastatin in 1% Na CMC solution.
simvastatin as a positive control. The number of rats is 36. The
dose used for effervescent granules was 3.6 ml/200gBW, and After weighing the rats' body weight, the experimental
the simvastatin dose was 0.18 mg/200gBW. The treatment was animals were randomly divided into 9 groups, namely 6
given on the 8th to the 14th day in rats fed egg yolk diet at a treatment groups, 2 negative control groups and 1 positive
dose of 1.25 g/200gBW for 14 days. 4 grams of effervescent control group. Each group consists of 4 rats. All animals in each
granules from each formula is dissolved in 200 ml of distilled group were given egg yolk for 14 days. Treatment on days 8-
water, then is left until the foam disappears. Simvastatin 14 is as follows:

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Volume 7, Issue 2, February – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Group I : 4 rats were given 1.25 g/200gBW egg yolk and 3.6 III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
ml/200gBW effervescent granule solution with 15% (F1)
extract content. The following section describes the result and discussion
Group II : 4 rats were given 1.25 g/200gBW egg yolk and 3.6 of the study.
ml/200gBW effervescent granule solution with 20% (F2)
extract content. A. Extract Yield
Group III: 4 rats were given 1.25 g/200gBW egg yolk and 3.6 Yield results of beetroot, Malang apple and carrot
ml/200gBW effervescent granule solution with 25% (F3) extracts are presented in Table 2.
extract content.
Group IV : 4 rats were given 1.25 g/200gBW egg yolk and 3.6 TABLE 2. YIELD RESULT
ml/200gBW effervescent granule solution with 15% (F5) Ingredient Weight (g) Thick Extract Yield
extract content. Weight (g)
Group V : 4 rats were given 1.25 g/200gBW egg yolk and 3.6 Beetroot 1800 154.08 8.56%
ml/200gBW effervescent granule solution with 20% (F6) Malang 1930 241.7 12.52
extract content. Apple %
Group VI : 4 rats were given 1.25 g/200gBW egg yolk and 3.6 Carrot 2050 80.44 3.92%
ml/200gBW effervescent granule solution with an extract
content of 25% (F7).
Group VII : 4 rats given egg yolk 1.25 g/200gBW and The yield obtained for beetroot extract was 8.56%, carrot
simvastatin 0.18 mg/200gBW (positive control). extract 3.92, and apple extract 12.52%. According to [9],
Group VIII : 4 rats were given 1.25 g/200gBW egg yolk and apples using 96% ethanol is 11.67%, which means it is smaller
3.6 ml/200gBW effervescent granule solution without extract than the water extract obtained in this study. For carrot extract
(F4) (negative control). extracted with water, according to [10], who in their research
Group IX : 4 rats were given 1.25 g/200gBW egg yolk and 3.6 made effervescent tablets from carrot extract, the yield was
ml/200gBW effervescent granule solution without extract (F8) 7.11%. Meanwhile, the beetroot extract obtained by [11] in
(negative control). their study was 8.39%, not much different from that obtained
in this study.
After the experimental animals were acclimatized for 2
weeks, they were given the following treatment: B. Preparation Evaluation
 Rats are fed and drank as usual. Average physical evaluation results of respondents'
 1.25 g/200gBW egg yolk is given for 14 days, and on the preparations and responsiveness are presented in Table 3. The
7th day, total cholesterol levels were checked. granule flow rate of all formulas ranged from 7.63 g/s to 9.80
 From day 8 to day 14, each animal was treated according to g/s. This result is in the range of 4-10 g/sec, which indicates
the group. the granules can flow well. This situation will illustrate that
 On the 15th day, rat blood was taken to check total when granules are produced on a large scale, the granules can
cholesterol levels. flow nicely into the packages that have been provided so that
the weight per package will meet the requirements for
The results obtained are presented in tabular form and uniformity of weight. And if the weight meets the
analyzed using pharmaceutical theory and one-way ANOVA requirements, the dose per package will also follow what the
statistics (p<0.05). manufacturer wants. In the measurement of the angle of repose
of the granules, the lowest results were 24.94⁰, and the highest
was 35.64⁰.

TABLE 3. PREPARATION EVALUATION

Evaluation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8
Flow Rate (g/sec) 8.84 8.55 7.63 9.34 8.77 8.69 8.13 9.80
The angle of Rest (degrees) 28,50 30,14 35.64 26.07 26.57 26.78 30.08 24.94
Compressibility (%) 22.90 21.84 20.83 22.92 21.96 20.87 18.74 25.48
pH 4.42 5.26 5.59 4.33 4.88 5.43 5.74 4.76
Solubility in Water 100C 2.24 2.57 3.16 1.80 3.15 3.32 3.75 1.73
Solubility in Water 270C 1.50 1.64 1.76 1.18 1.77 1.82 2.11 1.61
Solubility in Water 600C 0.43 1.40 1.37 0.26 1.09 1.19 1.22 0.48
% Foam 10.70 9.91 9.09 27.54 21.26 18.69 15.97 25.37
Clarity 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Flavor 50% 73% 20% 53% 67% 63% 67% 67%

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Volume 7, Issue 2, February – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
According to researchers [12], if the angle of repose of C. Preparation Effectiveness
the granules or powder is < 25⁰, then the granule or powder After testing the physical stability of the preparation, it
flows very well. If the angle of repose is 25⁰-30⁰ it flows well was continued with a test of the pharmacological effect of the
and if it is 30⁰-35⁰, the granules or powder flows well. F8 with effervescent granule preparation containing a 1:1:1 mixture,
an angle of repose of 24.94⁰ is classified as very good, F3 with water extract of beetroot, carrot and apple with levels of 15%,
an angle of repose of 35.64⁰ is quite good, and the others are 20% and 25% respectively for the content of citric acid,
classified as good. Thus, it is ensured that almost all the tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate in a ratio of 1:1:1 and
granules meet the requirements of the angle of repose. 1:2:3. The anticholesterol effect of the preparation was tested
on 8 groups of white male rats of the Wistar strain, each group
Compressibility is the ability of the granules to remain of 4, plus 1 group that was given a positive control of
compact under pressure. The direction of this evaluation is simvastatin.
actually if the granules are to be compressed into tablets.
However, if these preparations are produced in granules, the In each formula group there is also a control formula
aim is more to the pressure obtained during packaging and without extract.
packing of the preparations in primary, secondary or tertiary
containers. From the evaluation results, the granule Simvastatin administration was able to lower cholesterol
compressibility of all formulas was found to range from levels better than a mixture of extracts. All groups treated with
18.74% to 25.48%. According to standard [13], the effervescent granule preparations containing a mixture of
compressibility of 16-20% is considered reasonable, and 21- beetroot, carrot and apple extracts at levels of 15%, 20% and
25% is classified as reasonably appropriate. The F7 preparation 25% (groups 1 to 6) showed a significantly different reduction
is quite good from these results, and other formulas are in cholesterol levels with the group given granules without
relatively good incompressible. extract (groups 1 to 6, 8 and 9) and also with the simvastatin-
positive control group (group 7). But the increase in the levels
The evaluation results of the pH of the granules dissolved of the extract mixture in the preparation did not provide a
in water in a ratio of 4 grams in 200 ml of water, the lowest pH significant difference in reducing blood cholesterol levels in
was 4.33 at F4, and the highest pH was 5.74 at F7. When rats. So the recommended dose is the dose with the lowest
viewed from the pH stability of beetroot extract is 4-8, carrot level of 15%.
and apple extracts are around 4-5, the pH of all preparations
can support the strength of the extracted content in it. Because Consuming beetroot can lower blood pressure to reduce
the effervescent granule formula itself already contains the risk of cardiovascular disease [6]. Beetroot is very rich in
acidulate as a source of acid, it can be estimated that the antioxidants and natural nitrates. This nitrate will improve
granules that have been dissolved in water will have an acidic blood flow throughout the body, including the brain, heart and
ph. muscles. This compound will increase nitric oxide molecules
that help open blood vessels, increasing oxygen flow. These
Testing the dissolution time was carried out by dissolving compounds also lower blood pressure, thereby reducing the
4 grams of granules in 200 ml of water at a temperature of 10C risk of cardiovascular disease. But beetroot cannot be
represents cold temperature, 27⁰C represents normal water and consumed too much because it can increase blood sugar levels
60⁰C means warm water. Of these three glasses of water, all and uric acid levels, harm the fetus and burden the liver. So it
preparations dissolve the fastest in water at 60⁰C and the needs to be mixed with other natural ingredients such as
longest at 10⁰C. The results of these three evaluations are no carrots and apples.
more than 5 minutes as a condition for good effervescent
granule dissolution time. Control formulas are, on average A mixture of beetroot, carrot and apple water extracts has
faster than formulas containing extracts. Among formulas several advantages in lowering blood cholesterol compared to
containing extracts, F1 dissolves the fastest at all temperatures. being used separately. Beetroot contains betacyanin
compounds, antioxidants that are very useful in controlling the
All control formulas had more foam than formulas increase in LDL and improving the system immune. Carrots
containing extracts for high foam. This is because beetroot contain beta-carotene, which can reduce fat levels in the liver
extract, carrot extract and apple extract are more acidic, and improve the cardiovascular system immune. Apples are
reducing the foam produced by the acidulating and carbonate high in fiber which can obstruct absorption of fat and
base reactions. Formulas with more minor extracts have more cholesterol in the gastrointestinal tract. They contain quercetin
foam, such as F1 and F5. and high vitamin C, an antioxidant that can bind free radicals
that harm the body and build the system immune. So that the
For the assessment of taste, smell and clarity of the use of a mixture of these three extracts is beneficial for
preparation carried out through respondents as many as 30 lowering cholesterol and can build body defenses and detoxify
people. All respondents who agreed to sign the informed the liver [14].
consent form and evaluate the preparation can be done.
Respondents have been given an explanation of what they will
do and the researcher's actions if things go wrong. All
preparations smell good, and all preparations are declared clear.
73% of respondents stated that the F2 granules were delicious,
with a mixture of 20% extracts.

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Volume 7, Issue 2, February – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IV. CONCLUSIONS [8]. Noerwahid A. Formulasi Granul Effervescent
Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia
The physical examination of the effervescent granules mangostana L.) Dan Buah Tomat (Solanum
containing the aqueous extract of beetroot, Malang apple and lycopersicum) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas
carrot met the requirements of the physical test of the Muhammadiyah Surakarta).
preparation. And the results of testing on mice, it was found [9]. Muslim MA, Komala O, Utami NF. uji aktivitas ekstrak
that all effervescent granule formulas containing mixed etanol 96% buah apel manalagi, kulit kayu manis dan
extracts of beetroot, apple and carrot extract (1:1:1) with levels kombinasi terhadap shigella dysentriae. Jurnal Online
of 15%, 20% and 25% can reduce blood cholesterol levels in Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Farmasi. 2018 May 29;1(1).
mice differently from negative controls, but there is no [10]. Aditya F, Wijana S, Rahmah NL. Pembuatan tablet
difference between formulas. There was a difference in the effervescent wortel (daucus carota l.) pada skala ganda.
effect of all formulas with simvastatin as the positive control, Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen
but the result did not exceed. It can be concluded that granule Agroindustri. 2013;2(3).
effervescent from a mixture of aqueous extracts of beetroot [11]. Ratnaningsih DA, V. Nurilawaty, Subiyandono. Extract
(Beta vulgaris L), Malang apple (Malus sylvestris L.) and formulation and effectiveness of beta Vulgaris l. as
carrots (Daucus carota L.) (1:1:1) can be used as preparations dental plaque solution disclosing, International Journal
for lowering blood cholesterol levels at a level of 15%. of Medical and Health Research. 2018; 4(2):141-143.
[12]. Al-Hashemi HM, Al-Amoudi OS. A review on the angle
ACKNOWLEDGMENT of repose of granular materials. Powder technology. 2018
May 1;330:397-417.
The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Health [13]. U.S. Pharmacopeia. The United States Pharmacopeia,
Polytechnic Palembang Indonesia for facilitating this project. USP 30/The National Formulary, NF 25. 2007 Rockville,
MD: U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc.
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