Encyclopedia of National Anthems

Edited by Xing Hang

The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Maryland, and Oxford 2003

SCARECROW PRESS, INC.

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Copyright 2003 by Xing Hang ISBN 0-8108-4847-3 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Manufactured in the United States of America.

To the citizens of the world. May peace prevail.

in

Cotitents
Preface Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China China, Republic of xi 1 2 5 10 14 18 20 25 28 31 35 40 43 45 51 55 58 62 66 70 72 78 80 83 90 92 95 99 104 108 112 117 119 123 127 133 137

Colombia Comoros Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa) Costa Rica Coted'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran

140 146 151 155 158 163 167 170 174 178 180 186 188 190 195 201 205 215 220 225 228 230 234 237 241 246 249 252 255 258 262 265 269 271 275 277 281 287 291 297 301 305

vi

Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia

308 309 313 317 323 325 328 330 333 336 339 342 345 348 352 356 360 363 365 369 373 376 380 384 387 390 393 396 400 405 408 412 415 417 423 426 430 433 437 441 443 446

vii

Nauru Nepal The Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru The Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan

449 452 454 457 463 467 472 474 477 481 485 488 490 495 497 502 508 514 517 521 525 529 534 535 538 540 542 545 547 551 554 559 563 565 569 572 575 578 579 583 587 592

viii

Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Notes

594 597 600 603 609 613 615 618 622 626 628 631 634 637 639 643 645 650 652 655 659 667 670 674 679 685 689 692 696 699

ix

Preface
National anthems encompass a wide variety of music, from folk tunes to religious praises, from patriotic hymns to victory marches. Some songs exalt the beauty of the nation, while others boast a liistorical event More than a few are simply brief fanfares without words. Yet. strangely, the uniqueness of each anthem makes them similar because it reflects the cultural and linguistic diversity of the world, and even- nation's priceless contribution This encyclopedia is an up-to-date collection of national anthems from most of the 193 sovereign countries in the world. Besides providing music sheets arranged for piano, this collection also includes lyrics in the original language of each country along with an English translation, if applicable. Non-Latin texts are also displayed as much as possible, usually coming with a transliterated version in the sheet music so that they can be sung to. Before each anthem, a country fact box and historical background provides facts about the nation itself and a short account of how the song came to be the national anthem. However, the amount of information varies, since more source material is available for some countries than others. Moreover, due to major events such as a change in government or very recent independence, anthems from a couple of nations are unavailable at the time of writing. Two countriesEast Timor and Serbia and Montenegrohave been left out of the book because no information could yet be found on them and it is not known whether they have adopted a national anthem or not. East Timor, located in the Indonesian Archipelago, became an independent state in 2002 after a period under United Nations mandate Serbia and Montenegro changed their name from the Yugoslav Federation in 2003 and is undergoing an overhaul of its national symbols. My apologies for these exclusions or any other insufficiency found within this book. I would like to thank the various embassies and consulates, governments, on-line sources, and Mr David Kendall for providing me the lyrics, translations, and background information necessary to compile this collection. Their help has been indispensable. Detailed credits are found in the "Notes" section at the back of this book.

XI

Afghanistan

Quick Country Facts Location. West Asia, Near East Area: 250,000 sq. mi. (647.500 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 27,755,775 Capital/Largest City: Kabul (pop. 2.450,000) Languages: Pashtu. Dari, Persian, Tajik GDP/PPP: $21 billion, $800 per capita Monetary Unit: Afghani

Historical Background
The Taliban government prohibited music and, therefore, had no national anthem As of yet. it is still unclear which anthem the new government will decide upon.

Anthem Not Available

Albania
Republika e Shqiperise (Republic of Albania)

Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula Area: 11.100 sq. mi. (28.750 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 3,544,841 Capital/Largest City: Tirane (pop. 300.000) Official Language: Albanian GDP/PPP: $14 billion, $4.500 per capita Monetary Unit: Lek

Hymni Kombetar (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Aleksander Stavre Drenova (1872-1947). Music: Ciprian Porumbescu (1853-1883). Adopted: 1912.

Historical Background1
This anthem was written by the Albanian poet Asdreni (acronym for Aleksander Stavre Drenova). Originally entitled "Betimi mi flamur," or "Pledge to the Flag." the hymn was first published as a poem in Liri e Shqiperise (Freedom of Albania), an Albanian-language newspaper in Sofia. Bulgaria, for its issue of 21 April 1912. Later that year it appeared in a volume of collected poems by Asdreni. under the title Endra e lot (Dreams and Tears), published in Bucharest. The official anthem is two verses shorter than the original poem. The music was composed by Romanian songwriter Ciprian Porumbescu. Albanian Words
1

English Translation'
1

Rreth flamurit te perbashkuar, Me nje deshire dhe nje qellim, Te gjithe Atij duke iu betuar. Te lidhim besen per shpetim

United around the flag, With one desire and one goal. Let us pledge our word of honor To fight for our salvation

Albania

Prej lufte VCQ ay largohet, Qe eshte lindur tradhetor. Kush eshte burre nuk friksohet, Po vdes, po vdes si nje deshmor (repeat previous two lines)
2

Only he who is born a traitor Averts from the struggle. He who is brave is not daunted. But fallsa martyr to the cause, (repeat previous two lines)
2

Ne dore armet do t'i mbajme. Te mbrojme Atdheun ne cdo vend. Te drejtat tona ne s'i ndajme. Ketu armiqte s'kane \-end. Se Zoti vet e tha me goje, Qe kombe shuhen permbi dhe. Po Shqiperia do te rroje. Per te. per te luftojme ne. (repeat previous two lines)

With arms in hand we shall remain. To guard our fatherland round about. Our rights we will not bequeath. Enemies have no place here. For the Lord Himself has said. That nations vanish from the earth. But Albania shall live on. Because for her. it is for her that we fight (repeat previous two lines)

Albania

Algeria
al-Jumhuriya al-Jazairiya ad-Dimuqratiya ash-Shabiya Republique Algerienne Democratique et Populaire (Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria)
Quick Country Facts Location: North Africa Area: 919,595 sq. mi. (2,381,740 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 32,277.942 Capital/Largest City: Algiers (pop. 1,507,241) Official Languages: Arabic. French GDP/PPP: $177 billion. $5.600 per capita Monetary Unit: Dinar

Oassaman Nous nous engageons (The Pledge)

Lyrics: Moufdi Zakaria (1930-1978). Music: Mohamed Fawzi (1918-1966). Adopted: 1963.

Historical Background
"Qassaman" came into being during Algeria's struggle for independence from French colonial rule Moufdi Zakaria wrote the words to the song in 1955 from the Barberousse Prison in Algiers, where he was incarcerated. These lyrics were then put into music, first by Mohamed Triki in 1956, then by the Egyptian composer Mohamed Fawzi. The anthem was initially performed in July 1957 by Tunisian Radio and Television.

6
Arabic Words (Transliteration)
1

Algeria

French Words

English Translation

1
Par les foudres qui aneantissent. Par les flots de sang pur et sans tache, Par les drapeaux flottants qui flottent Sur les hauts djebel orgueilleux et

1
We swear by the lightning that destroys. By the streams of generous blood being shed. By the bright flags that wave. Flying proudly on the high djebels. That we are in revolt, whether to live
or to die.

Oassaman Binnazilat Ilmahiqat Waddimaa Izzakiyat Ittahirat. (repeat previous two lines) Walbonood Illamiaat Ilkhafiqat Filgi hal Ishshamikhat Ish shahiqat Nahno Thurna Fa hayatonAw ma maat. Wa A qadna A lazma A n Tahya AIgazair Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo!

fiers.
Nous juron nous etre revoltes pour vivre ou pour mourir, Et nous avons jure de mourir pour que vive TAlgerie! Temoignez! Temoignez! Temoignez!

We are determined that Algeria should live. So be our witnessbe our witnessbe our witness!

Nahno Gondon Fi Sabil II hakki Thorna Wa I la Isstiqlalina Bilharhi Kumna. Lam Yakon Yossgha Lana Lamma Natakna Fatta khathna Rannat Albaroodi Wazna Wa Azafna Naghamat A Irashshashi Lahna Wa A qadna A lazma A n Tahya A Igazair Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo!

Nous sommes des soldats pour la justice, revoltes, Et pour notre independance nous avons engage le combat. Nous n'avons obei a nulle injonction en nous soulevant. Le bruit de la poudre a etc notre mesure Et le crepitement des mitrailleuse notre chant favori. Et nous avons jure de mourir pour que vive l'Algerie! Temoignez! Temoignez! Temoignez!

We are soldiers in revolt for truth And we have fought for our independence. When we spoke, nobody listened to

us.
So we have taken the noise of gunpowder as our rhythm And the sound of machine guns as our melody. We are determined that Algeria should live. So be our witnessbe our witnessbe our witness!
3

Nahno minAbtalina Nadfaoo Gondon Wa Ala Ashlaina Nassnaoo Magdan. Wa Ala Arwahena Nassado Khuldan WaAla Hamatina Narfao Bandan. Gabhato Ltahreeh Aataynaki Ahdan Wa Aqadna Alazma An Tahya Algazair Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo! Wa Aqadna Alazma An Tahya Algazair

Sur nos heros nous batirons une gloire Et sur nos corps nous monterons a rimmortalite Sur nos ames, nous construirons une armee Et de notre espoir nous leverons Tetendard. Front de la Liberation, nous t'avons

From our heroes we shall make an army come to being. From our dead we shall build up a glory, Our spirits shall ascend to immortality And on our shoulders we shall raise the standard. To the nation's Liberation Front we

Algeria

Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo!

prete serment Et nous avons jure de mourir pour que vive I'Algerie! Temoignez! Temoignez! Temoignez!

have sworn an oath, We are determined that Algeria should live. So be our witnessbe our witnessbe our witness!

Sarkhato lawtani min Sah Ilfida Issmaooha Wasstageebo Linnida Waktobooha Bidimaa Ilshohadaa Waktobooha Libany Ilgeeli ghadan. Kad Madadna Laka Ya Magdo Yacla

Le cri de la patrie monte des champs de bataille. Ecoutez-le et repondez a 1'appel. Ecrivez-le dans le sang des martyrs Et dictez-le aux generations futures Nous t'avons donne la main, 6 gloire, Et nous avons jure de mourir pour que vive I'Algerie! Temoignez! Temoignez! Temoignez!

The cry of the Fatherland sounds from the battlefields. Listen to it and answer the call! Let it be written with the blood of martyrs And be read to future generations Oh, Glory, we have held out our hand
to you.

We are determined that Algeria should live. So be our witnessbe our witnessbe our witness!

Algeria

Algeria

Andorra Principal d'Andorra (Principality of Andorra)

Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, between Spain and France Area: 175 sq. mi. (450 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 68,403 Capital/Largest City: Andorra la Vella (pop. 22,390) Official Language: Catalan GDP/PPP: $1.3 billion. $19.000 per capita Monetary Units: French Franc, Spanish Peseta

Himne Andorra (Hymn of Andorra)

Lyrics: D. Joan Benlloch i Vivo (1864-1926). Music: Father Enric Marfany Sons (1871-1942). Adopted: 1914.

Historical Background1
Dr. Joan Benlloch i 'Vivo, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra, wrote the words to the national anthem. The music was composed by Father Enric Marfany Bons. a native of Sant Julia de Loria. The song was first played on 8 September 1921 at the National Sanctuary of the Principality on Andorran National Day to celebrate the anniversary of the coronation of the Jungfrau von Meritxell. Andorra's patron saint. Catalan Words El gran Carlemany. mon Pare dels alarbs em deslliura I del eel vida em dona de Meritxell. la gran Mare, Princesa nasqui i Pubilla entre dues nacions neutral Sols resto lunica filla de 1'imperi Carlemany. Creient i lluire onze segles, creient i lliure vull ser. Siguin els furs mos tutors i mos Princeps defensors. I mos Princeps defensors. English Translation2 The great Charlemagne, my father, from the Saracens liberated me. And from heaven he gave me life of Meritxell the great mother. I was born a princess, a maiden neutral between two nations. I am the only remaining daughter of the Carolingian empire
10

Andorra

11

Believing and free for eleven centuries, believing and free I will be. The laws of the land be my tutors, and my defender princes. My defender princes.

Andorra

12

Andorra

13

Angola Republica de Angola (Republic of Angola)

Quick Country Facts Location: Southwestern Africa Area: 481.350 sq. mi. (1,246,700 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 10,593,171 Capital/Largest City: Luanda (pop. 2.000.000) Official Language: Portuguese GDP/PPP: $13.3 billion, $1,300 per capita Monetary Unit: Kwanza

Angola Avante (Forward Angola)

Lyrics: Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro (b. 1941). Music: Rui Alberto Vieira Dias Mingao (b. 1939). Adopted: 1975.

Portuguese Words
1

English Translation
1

O Patria, nunca mais esqueceremos Os herois do quatro de Fevereio. O Patria. nos saudamos os teus filhos Tombados pela nossa Independencia. Honramos o passado e a nossa Historia, Construindo no Trabalho o Homem novo, (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS Angola, avante! RevoluQao, pelo Poder Popular! Patria Unida, Liberdade,
14

O fatherland, we shall never forget The heroes of the Fourth of February. O fatherland, we salute your sons Who died for our independence. We honor the past and our history As by our work we build the New Man. (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS Forward, Angola! Revolution through the power of the people! A united country, freedom.

Angola

15

Um so povo, uma so Nacao! (repeat chorus)

2

One people, one nation! (repeat chorus)

2

Levantemos nossas vozes libertadas Para gloriados povos africanos. Marchemos. combatentes angolanos, Solidarios com os poroso primidos. Orgulhosos lutaremos Pela Paz Com as floras progressistas do mundo (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS

Let us raise our liberated voices To the glory of the peoples of Africa. We shall march, Angolan fighters, In solidarity with oppressed peoples. We shall fight proudly for peace Along with the progressive forces of the world (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS

Angola

16

Angola

17

Antigua and Barbuda

Quick Country Facts Location: North America, Caribbean Sea Area: 171 sq. mi. (440 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 67.448 Capital/Largest City: St. John's (pop. 21,514) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $674 million, $10,000 per capita Monetary Unit: East Caribbean Dollar

Fair Antigua and Barbuda

Lyrics: Novelle Hamilton Richards (1917-1986). Music: Walter Garnet Picart Chambers (b. 1908). Adopted: 1967.

Historical Background1
The music was written in 1966 by Mr. Walter Chambers, a church pipe organist and piano tuner. The original lyrics are by Novelle Richards, a unionist, poet, journalist, and author. The song was adopted in 1967, when the islands achieved statehood status within the British Commonwealth. At the time of full independence in 1981, the first verse was modified significantly to include Barbuda. Words 1 Fair Antigua and Barbuda We thy sons and daughters stand. Strong and firm in peace or danger To safeguard our native land. We commit ourselves to building A true nation brave and free. Ever striving ever seeking Dwell in love and unity.

2
Raise the standard! Raise it boldly! Answer now to duty's call To the service of thy country. Sparing nothing, giving all; Gird your loins and join the battle 'Gainst fear, hate, and poverty. Each endeavoring, all achieving. Live in peace where man is free.

3 God of nations, let Thy blessings

Fall upon this land of ours: Rain and sunshine ever sending. Fill her fields with crops and flowers; We her children do implore Thee, Give us strength, faith, loyalty. Never failing, all enduring To defend her liberty.

18

Antigua and Barbuda

19

Argentina Republica Argentina (Argentine Republic)

Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 1,072,067 sq. mi. (2,766,890 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 37,812,817 Capital/Largest City: Buenos Aires (pop. 13.250,000) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $391 billion, $10,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Peso

Himno Nacional Argentine (Argentine National Anthem)

Lyrics: Vincente Lopez y Planes (1785-1856). Music: Bias Parera (1765-c. 1830). Adopted: 1813.

Historical Background
The national anthem of Argentina dates back to the days when the nation had just obtained her independence from Spain. On 22 July 1812, the triumvirate in power at the time decreed that a "march of the homeland" be composed and played at the beginning of theatrical functions and in schools. Vincente Lopez y Planes was put in charge of the words, while Bias Parera composed the music. The Argentine National Assembly officially adopted this song, originally entitled "Marcha Patriotica" ("Patriotic March"), on 11 March 1813. On the night of 25 May of the same year, it was first performed at a patriotic function in a theatre. By 1847. after many changes in the title, the song acquired its current name, "Himno Nacional Argentine." Although quite effective in stirring up nationalism during the early days of the republic, when resentment against Spain was strong, most of the anthem's verses, which contained hostile references to that country, became outdated as the years passed. In order to update the song to meet modern needs, as well as a symbol of goodwill towards the former mother nation Spain, a decree signed by the president and several ministers was passed in 1900. It stated that "in official or public parties, and in the schools of the state, only the first and last quartets of the national anthem adopted by the National Assembly on 11 March 1813 are to be sung."

20

Argentina

21

Spanish Words Old jmortales! el grito sagrado jLibertad! jLibertad! jLibertad! old el ruido de rotas cadenas ved en trono a la noble igualdad. Ya su trono dignisimo abrieron las Provincias unidas del Sud, y los libres del mundo responden jal gran Pueblo Argentine Salud! (repeat) y los libres del mundo responden jal gran Pueblo Argentine Salud! (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS Sean eternos los laureles Que supimos conseguir Coronados de gloria vivamos O juremos con gloria morir (repeat three times)

English Translation Mortals! Hear the sacred cry; Freedom! Freedom! Freedom! Hear the noise of broken chains See noble equality enthroned. The United Provinces of the South Have now displayed their worthy throne. And the free peoples of the world reply; We salute the great people of Argentina! (repeat) And the free peoples of the world reply; We salute the great people of Argentina! (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS May the laurels be eternal That we knew how to win. Let us live crowned with glory, Or swear to die gloriously (repeat three times)

Argentina

22

Argentina

23

24

Argentina

Armenia
Haikakan Hanrapetoutioun (Republic of Armenia)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Caucasus Area: 11,500 sq. mi. (29,800 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 3,330,099 Capital/Largest City: Yerevan (pop. 1,226,000) Official Language: Armenian GDP/PPP: $112 billion, $3,350 per capita Monetary Unit: Dram

Uhp

Mer Hairemk (Our Fatherland)

Lyrics: Mikael Ghazari Nalbandian (1829-1866). Music: Barsegh Kanachyan (1885-1967). Adopted: 1991.

Historical Background
The words to the anthem were written by the famous Armenian poet and patriot Mikael Ghazari Nalbandian. The present anthem, adopted 1 July 1991, is a modified version of the original song, which consisted of five clauses. Some of the words have also been changed appropriately to reflect the freedom and independence of the country Armenian Words 1 Armenian Words (Transliteration) English Translation 1 Our fatherland, free and independent. That lived from century to century His children are calling Free independent Armenia. (repeat previous two lines)

1
Mer Hairenik, azad angakh, Vor abrel eh tareh tar Ir vor tika art ganchoom eh Azad, angakh haiasdan.

(repeat previous two lines)

(repeat previous two lines)

25

26

Armenia
2 2

Aha yeghpair kez mi trosh, Zor im tzerkov kordzetzi Keeshernera yes koon chega, Ardasoonkov luvatzi. (repeat previous two lines)
3

Here brother, for you a flag. That I made with my hands Nights I didn't sleep. With tears I washed it. (repeat previous two lines)
3

(repeat previous two lines)

3

Nayir neran yerek koovnov, Nuviragan mer nushan, Togh poghpoghi tushnamoo tern, Togh meesht bandza Haiastan. (repeat previous two lines)
4

Look at it. three colors It's our gifted symbol. Let it shine against the enemy. Let Armenia always be glorious. (repeat previous two lines)
4

(repeat previous two lines)

4

Amenayn degh maha mi eh Mart mee ankam bid merni, Paytz verani vor ir azki Azadootyan ga tzohvi. (repeat previous two lines) (repeat previous two lines)

Everywhere death is the same Everyone dies only once But lucky is the one Who is sacrificed for his nation, (repeat previous two lines)

Armenia

27

Australia Commonwealth of Australia

Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, South Pacific Ocean Area: 2,966,150 sq. mi. (7,686,850 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 19,546,792 Capital: Canberra (pop. 307,700) Largest City: Sydney (pop. 3,713,500) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $528 billion, $27,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Australian Dollar

Advance Australia Fair

Lyrics and Music: Amicus (Peter Dodds McCormick, 1834-1916). Adopted: 1984.

Historical Background1
In May 1977 Australians were asked to state a preference for a tune to a national song in a national poll held in conjunction with four referendum questions to amend the Australian Constitution. In June 1977 the following results were announced: "Advance Australia Fair" (2,940,854), "Waltzing Matilda" (1,918,208), "God Save the Queen" (1,257.341), and "Song of Australia" (652,858). After distribution of preferences the final results were: "Advance Australia Fair" (4.415,642) and "Waltzing Matilda" (2,353,617). In the following year the then Minister for Administrative Services announced that " "Advance Australia Fair' would be regarded as the people's choice for a national tune and there are no official words for it." In 1984 the government took into account the results of the 1977 referendum for a national tune and announced that two verses (first and third) of "Advance Australia Fair." with amendments to some words, would be the national anthem. (The original lyrics were written in 1878 by Amicus, pen name of Peter Dodds McCormick.) The song was proclaimed as Australia's national anthem by the Governor General on 19 April 1984. In conjunction with this proclamation, the then Prime Minister announced that the royal anthem "God Save the Queen" would be used only in the presence of the Queen or a member of the Royal Family in Australia during official visits.

28

Australia

29

Words
1

2
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross We'll toil with hearts and hands; To make this Commonwealth of ours Renowned of all the lands; For those who've come across the seas We've boundless plains to share; With courage let us all combine To Advance Australia Fair. In joyful strains then let us sing Advance Australia Fair.

Australians all let us rejoice For we are young and free; We've golden soil and wealth for toil; Our home is girt by sea; Our land abounds in nature's gifts Of beauty rich and rare; In history's page, let every stage Advance Australia Fair. In joyful strains then let us sing Advance Australia Fair.

Australia

30

Azerbaijan
Azarbaycan Respublikasi (Azerbaijani Republic)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia. Caucasus Area: 33,400 sq. mi. (86,600 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 7.748,163 Capital/Largest City: Baku (pop. 1.713.300) Official Language: Azerbaijani Turkic GDP/PPP: $12.9 billion, $1,640 per capita Monetary Unit: Manat

Dovbt Himni (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Ahmed Javad (1892-1937). Music: Uzeyir Hajibeyov (1885-1948). Adopted: 1992.

Historical Background
The lyncs for Azerbaijan's national anthem were written in 1919 by Ahmad Javad. a poet who was executed in 1937 for being a "counterrevolutionary" The music was written by composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov. When Azerbaijan regained independence in 1991. it looked back to this earlier period of independence and readopted the same flag and national anthem Azerbaijani Turkic Words Azarbaycan. A/arbaycan. Ey qahreman ovladin s.anh votani! Sandan b'trii can vermays cumta hazmz. Sandon otrii qan tbkmaya ciimb qadiriz. U^rengli bayragmla mos ud yaa! (repeat) English Translation Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan Cherished land of valiant sons. We are ready to give our heart and soul for you. All of us can give our blood for you. Live happily with your three colored banner. (repeat)

35

36

Azerbaijan

Minlarla can qurban oldu, Sinan harba meydan oldu.

Thousands of souls were sacrificed for you Your territory became a fighting arena.

(repeat)
Hiiququndan kegan asgar Hare bir qahraman oldu. San olasan giiliistan. Sana har an can qurban. Sana bir cox mahabbat Sinamda tutmus makan. Namusunu hifx etmaya, Bayragim yuksaltmaya Namusunu hifx etmaya. Ciimla ganclar mutaqdir. anli vatan, anh vatan. Azarbaycan, Azarbaycan!

(repeat) Soldiers who deprived themselves of their lives Each of them became a hero. May you become a flourishing garden
We are ready to give our heart and soul for you. A thousand and one endearments are in my heart. To raise your banner And protect your honor All the youth are eager. Cherished land. Cherished land.

Azerbaijan! Azerbaijan!

Azerbaijan

37

38

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan

39

Bahamas Commonwealth of the Bahamas

Quick Country Facts Location: North America. West Atlantic Ocean Area: 5.380 sq. mi. (13.940 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 300,529 Capital/Largest City: Nassau (pop. 171.542) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $5 billion. $16.800 per capita Monetary Unit: Bahamian Dollar

March on, Bahamaland

Lyrics and Music: Timothy Gibson (1903-1976). Adopted: 1973.

Historical Background
This anthem, written and composed by Timothy Gibson in 1972. was selected as the winning entry in a national competition and adopted 10 July 1973 upon independence. Words Lift up your head to the rising sun. Bahamaland; March on to glory, your bright banners waving high. See how the world marks the manner of your bearing! Pledge to excel through love and unity. Pressing onward, march together to a common loftier goal: Steady sunward, though the weather hide The wide and treach'rous shoal Lift up your head to the rising sun. Bahamaland: Til the road you've trod Lead unto your God. March on, Bahamaland!

40

Bahamas

41

42

Bahamas

Bahrain
Dawlat al Bahrain (State of Bahrain)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia. Middle East Area: 399 sq. mi. (665 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 656.397 Capital/Largest City: Al-Manamah (pop. 140.401) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP: $8.4 billion. $13.000 per capita Monetary Unit: Bahrain Dinar

Bahramona (Our Bahrain)

Lyrics: Mohamed Sudqi Ayyash (b. 1925). Adopted: 1971.

Arabic Words (Transliteration) Bahrainona Baladolaman Watanal kiram, Yahmi Hi maha Amirunal Homam; Oamatala Hadyelresalale, Wai Adalati Hal Salam! A Shut Dawlat al Bahrain (repeat previous five lines)

English Translation Our Bahrain. Country of security. Nation of hospitality. Protected by our courageous Amir. Founded on the principles of the message. Justice and peace, Long live the State of Bahrain! (repeat previous six lines)

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Bahrain

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Bangladesh
Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh (People's Republic of Bangladesh)
Quick Country Facts Location: South Asia, Indian subcontinent Area: 55.598 sq. mi. (144.000 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 133.376.684 Capital/Largest City: Dhaka (pop. 9.600.000) Official Language: Bangla GDP/PPP: $230 billion, $1,750 per capita Monetary Unit: Taka

Amar Sonar Bangla (My Golden Bengal)

Lyrics and Music: Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941). Adopted: 1972.

Historical Background
In 1905. during the period when Bengal was to be partitioned by the British, the famous Indian national poet Rabindranath Tagore wrote a number of lyrics and set them to music based on folk tunes, especially from haul songs, or songs sung by the wandering minstrels of Bengal. "Amar Sonar Bangla" is one of them It was first sung on 7 August 1905 at the Town Hall in Calcutta where a meeting was held in protest against the Partition of Bengal. In 1971 the first ten lines of this song was chosen as the national anthem of Bangladesh by the provisional government and approved by the national assembly on 13 January 1972. Bangla Words (Transliteration) Amar sonar Bangla, Ami tomay bhalobashi, Ciradin tomar akas, tomar batas, amar prane Oma amar prane, ha/ay hasi. Sonar Bamla, Ami tomay hhalobasi. O ma, Fagune tor amer bane ghrane pagal kare, mart hay,
45

English Translation

My Bengal of gold. I love you Forever your skies, your air set my heart in tune As if it were a flute. In spring, o mother mine, the fragrance from your mango groves Makes me wild with joy

46 hay re O ma, Fagune tor amer bane ghrane pagal kare, O ma, aghrane tor bhara ksete ki dekhechi ami ki dekhechi madhur hasi

Bangladesh Ah, what a thrill! In autumn, O mother mine, In the full blossomed paddy fields I have seen spread all over sweet smiles. Ah, wliat a beauty, what shades, what an affection And what a tenderness! What a quilt have you spread at the feet of Banyan trees And along the banks of rivers! O mother mine, words from your lips Are like nectar to my ears. Ah. what a thrill! If sadness. 0 mother mine, casts a gloom on your face. My eyes are filled with tears!

Sonar Bangla ami tomay bhalo basi, ki sobha, ki chaya go ki sneha. ki maya go ki acal bichayecha hater mule, nadir kule kule. Ma, tor mukher bani amar kane lage suhar mato. mart hay hay re Ma, tor mukher hani amar kane lage suhar mato, Ma, tor badankhani malm hale, ami nayan, o ma, ami nayanjale hhasi. Sonar Bangla ami tomay hhalabashi.

Bangladesh

47

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh

49

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BANGALADESH

Barbados
Quick Country Facts Location. North America, Caribbean Sea Area: 166 sq. mi. (431 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 276,607 Capital/Largest City Bridgetown (pop. 6,700) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $4 billion, $14,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Barbados Dollar

Barbados National Anthem

Lyrics: Irving Louis Burgie (b. 1926). Music: C. Van Roland Edwards (1912-1985). Adopted: 1966.

Historical Background1
When C. Van Roland Edwards composed the music for the Barbadian national anthem in 1966, he was partly blind. Edwards was born in 1912 and had been writing music from his school days as a pupil of St. Peter's Church Boy's School. Although he had no formal training, he had been a member of the British Song society since 1933. Because of his partial blindness he was assisted in his work by his two daughters. Nannette and Eullia. Edwards was known for his compositions "The St. Andrew Murder," "The Goodman Song." and "The Federation Song." He also composed "Welcome to Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II," which was sung in the presence of the Queen when she opened the St. Elizabeth School in St Joseph during the official visit to the island in February 1966. A committee which comprised of Bruce St John. Frank Collymore. Enid Lynch, George Lamming. Gerald Hudson, and John Fletcher was appointed to oversee the selection of the national anthem. Edwards was awarded $500 for his efforts. He died on 22 April 1985. In 1967 the music of the national anthem was rearranged This work was undertaken by Inspector Prince Cave of the Royal Barbados Police Band. He had earlier that year returned from a three-year band masters course at the Royal Military School of Music. Kneller Hall. The anthem was given a more sustained harmony while at the same time retaining the original tune. The lyrics of the "National Anthem of Barbados" were wntten in 1966 by Irving Burgie, who was bora 1926 in Brooklyn, New York of a Barbadian mother and American father He served in India and, after his return to the USA, entered the University of Southern California and studied music and performed in many American cities. Burgie has composed works for "Ballad for Bimshire" and "Island in the Sun." He has also written for a number of internationally famous artistes. Among his works is "The West Indian Song Book." He is a life member of the NAACP. Burgie. who is a frequent visitor to Barbados, has instituted the Irving Burgie Literary Award for Barbadian school children.
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52

Barbados

Words 1 In plenty and in time of need When this fair land was young, Our brave forefathers sowed the seed From which our pride is sprung. A pride that makes no wanton boast Of what it has withstood, That binds our hearts from coast to coast The pride of nationhood. CHORUS CHORUS We loyal sons and daughters all Do hereby make it known These fields and hills beyond recall Are now our very own. We write our names on history's page With expectations great, Strict guardians of our heritage, Finn craftsmen of our fate 2 The Lord has been the people's guide For past three hundred years. With Him still on the people's side We have no doubts or fears Upward and onward we shall go. Inspired, exulting, free. And greater will our nation grow In strength and unity

Barbados

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Barbados

Belarus
Respublyika Byelarus (Republic of Belarus)
Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe Area: 80,200 sq. mi. (207.600 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 10,335,382 Capital/Largest City: Mensk (pop. 1,666,000) Official Language: Belarusian GDP/PPP: $84.8 billion, $8,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Belarusian Dollar

Gimn Hymn
Lyrics: Mikhas Klimkovich (1899-1954). Music: Nester Sakalouski (1902-1950). Adopted: 1955.

Historical Background
There are several Belarusian patriotic songs, all composed during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that are considered to have been unofficial national hymns. The most widely known is a poem by Yanka Kupala, "Nie pahasnuch zorki u niebie" ("The Stars in the Sky Will Never Darken"). The short-lived Belarusian Democratic Republic had for its anthem the song "My vyjdziem shchylnymi radami" ("Come, We Shall March in Joint Endeavor"). Until 1955. the anthem of the Belarusan SSR. as of the entire Soviet Union, was the Communist Party's official song, the "International." The first proper anthem of the republic, "Mybielarusy" ("We the Belarusians"). in which praise for the Communist Party was sung, was introduced in 1955.

After a long and hard-fought battle, the controversial lyrics have been retained and made official on 2 July 2002.

3D

56

Belarus Belarusian Words

Belarus

57

Belgium Royaume de Belgique Koninkrijk Belgie (Kingdom of Belgium)

Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe Area: 11,781 sq. mi. (30.510 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 10,274,595 Capital/Largest City: Brussels (pop. 949,070) Official Languages: French, Dutch (Flemish) GDP/PPP: $297.6 billion, $29,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Euro

La Braban9onne (The Brabant Song)

Lyrics: Louis-Alexandre Dechet (7-1830) and Charles Rogier (1800-1885). Music: Francois van Campenhout (1779-1848). Adopted: 1938.

Historical Background
The Belgian national anthem was most likely written by Louis-Alexandre Dechet, better known as Jenneval, toward the end of 1830. An actor at the Theatre de la Monnaie at Brussels, he joined, on 25 August 1830, the revolution that resulted in the independence of Belgium from the Netherlands. He was killed near Lierre on 18 October of that same year. Before his death, Jenneval composed three versions of the "Chant national beige" ("Belgian National Song"), versions that he adapted to the change of events. In 1860, the song was adapted again, this time by Prime Minister Charles Rogier, who heavily edited out many violent lyrics addressed by Jenneval to the Dutch Prince of Orange William of Nassau. It is this reproduced version that is still in use today. As for the music of "La Brabanconne," it was written during the revolutionary days by Francois van Campenhout. The first performance of the national anthem took place at the Theatre de la Monnaie at the beginning of October 1830. The primitive partitions were also modified to adapt to the lyrics of Charles Rogier.
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Belgium

59

However, an official version of "La Brabanconne" does not actually exist. Different commissions have been established to examine the words and melody of the song and establish an official version. Yet all of their efforts had been in vain. Nevertheless, an official circulation of the Ministry' of the Interior on 8 August 1921 decreed that only the fourth verse of the text of Charles Rogier should be considered official, in its French and Dutch (Flemish) versions. Today, there still stands a "Monument to the Brabanconne" in Brussels at Surlet de Chokier Plaza Both the French and Dutch (Flemish) words are engraved there. French Words O Belgique, 6 mere cherie A toi nos coeurs, a toi nos bras A toi notre sang. 6 Patrie Nous le jurons tous, tu vivras Tu vivras toujours grande et belle Et ton invincible unite Aura pour devise immortelle Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberte (repeat previous two lines) Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberte (repeat) Dutch (Flemish) Words O dierbaar Belgie O heilig land der Vadren Onze ziel en ons hart zijn U gewijd Aanvaard ons kracht en het bloed van ons adren Wees ons doel in arbeid en in strijd Bloei, o land, in eendracht niet te breken Wees immer U zelf en ongeknecht Het woord getrouw. dat ge onbevreesd moogt spreken Voor Vorst, voor Vrijheid en voor Recht (repeat previous two lines) Voor Vorst, voor Vrijheid en voor Recht (repeat) English Translation O beloved Belgium, sacred land of our fathers. Our heart and soul are dedicated to

you. Our strength and the blood of our

veins we offer, Be our goal, in work and battle Prosper, O country, in unbreakable unity. Always be yourself and free. Trust in the word that, undaunted, you can speak: For king, for freedom and for law. (repeat previous two lines) For king, for freedom and for law. (repeat)

Belgium

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Belgium

6!

Belize
Quick Country Facts Location: Central America Area: 8:867 sq. mi. (22,966 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 262,299 Capital: Belmopan (pop. 5.845) Largest City: Belize City (pop. 52,500) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $830 million, $3,250 per capita Monetary Unit: Belize Dollar

Land of the Free

Lyrics: Samuel Alfred Haynes (1898-1971). Music: Selwyn Walford Young (1899-1987). Adopted: 1981.

Historical Background
Samuel Alfred Haynes, who wrote the words to this anthem in 1963, was a black nationalist and an important leader of the 1919 riot against British colonial rule. Hayne's song, originally entitled "Land of the Gods," was put into music in the same year by Selwyn Walford Young. The anthem was adopted when Belize achieved full independence in 1981. Words 1 O, Land of the free by the Carib Sea, Our manhood we pledge to thy liberty! No tyrants here linger, despots must flee This tranquil haven of democracy The blood of our sires which hallows the sod. Brought freedom from slavery oppression's rod, By the might of truth and the grace of God, No longer shall we be hewers of wood. CHORUS Arise! ye sons of the Baymen's clan. Put on your armor, clear the land!

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Belize

63

Drive back the tyrants, let despots flee Land of the free by the Carib Sea!
2

Nature has blessed thee with wealth untold. O'er mountains and valleys where prairies roll; Our fathers, the Baymen, valiant and bold Drove back the invader; this heritage hold From proud Rio Hondo to old Sarstoon, Through coral isle, over blue lagoon; Keep watch with the angels, the stars and moon; For freedom comes tomorrow's noon. CHORUS

Belize

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Belize

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Benin
Republique du Benin (Republic of Benin)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 43,483 sq. mi. (112,620 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 6,787,625 Capital/Largest City: Porto Novo (pop. 177,660) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $6.8 billion, $1,040 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

L'Aube Nouvelle (The Dawn of a New Day)

Lyrics and Music: Gilbert Jean Dagnon (b. 1926). Adopted: 1960 French Words 1 Jadis a son appel, nos aieux sans faiblesse Ont su avec courage, ardeur, pleins d'allegresse Livrer au prix du sang des combat eclatants. Accourez vous aussi, batisseurs du present. Plus forts dans r unite chaque jour a la tache. Pour la posterite construisez sans relache. English Translation 1 Formerly, at her call, our ancestors Knew how to engage in mighty battles With strength, courage, ardor, and full of joy. But at the price of blood. Builders of present, you too, join forces Each day for the task stronger in unity. Build without ceasing for posterity. CHORUS Enfants du Benin, debout! La liberte d'un cri sonore Chante aux premiers feux de V Aurora; Enfants du Benin, debout!
66

CHORUS Children of Benin, arise! The resounding cry of freedom Is heard at the first light of dawa Children of Benin, arise!

Benin
2

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2
When all around there blows a wind of anger and hate: Citizen of Benin be proud, and in a calm spirit Trusting in the future, behold your flag! In the green you read hope of spring; The red signifies the courage of your ancestors; The yellow foretells the greatest treasures. CHORUS

Quand partout souffle un vent de colee et de haine.

f i l l * ! *

Beninois, sois fier, et d'une ame sereine, Confiant dans Tavenir, regarde ton drapeau! Dans le vert tu liras 1'espoir du renouveau, De tes aieux le rouge evoque le courage; Des plus riches tresors le jaune est le presage. CHORUS

3
Tes monts ensoleilles, tes palmiers. ta verdure. Cher Benin, partout font ta vive parure. Ton sol offre a chacun la richesse des fruits. Benin, desormais que tes fils tous unis D'un fraternel elan partagent Fesperance De te voir a jamais heureux dans Fabondance.

3
Beloved Benin, your sunny mountains, palm trees, and green pastures Show everywhere your brightness; Your soil offers everyone the richest fruits. Benin, from henceforth your sons are united With one brotherly spirit sharing the hope of seeing you Enjoy abundance and happiness forever.

CHORUS

CHORUS

Benin

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Benin

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Bhutan
Druk-Gyal-Kab (Kingdom of Bhutan)

Quick Country Facts Location: South Central Asia Area: 18,000 sq. mi. (47,000 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 2,094,176 Capital/Largest City: Thimphu (pop. 30.340) Official Language: Dzongkha GDP/PPP: $2.5 billion, $1.200 per capita Monetary Unit: Ngultrum

Royal Anthem
Lyrics: Gyaldun Dasho Thinley Dorji (1914-1966). Music: Aku Tongmi (b. 1913). Adopted: 1953. Dzongkha Words (Transliteration) Druk tsendhen koipi gyelkhap na Loogye ki tenpa chong\vai gyon Pel mewang ngatlhak rinpo chhe Ku jurmev tenching chhap tsicl pel Chho sangye ten pa goong dho gyel Bang che kyed nyima shar warr sho. English Translation In the Thunder Dragon Kingdom Adorned with sandalwood, The protector who guards the Teachings of the dual system. He. the precious and glorious ruler. Causes dominion to spread, While his unchanging person abides in constancy. As the doctrine of the Lord Buddha flourishes, May the sun of peace and happiness Shine on the people!

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Bhutan

7!

Bolivia
Republica de Bolivia (Republic of Bolivia)
Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 424,162 sq. mi. (1,098,580 sq km.) Population (2002 est): 8,445,134 Capitals: Sucre (pop. 131,800), La Paz (pop. 713,400) Largest City: La Paz Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $21.4 billion, $2,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Boliviano

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Don Jose Ignacio de Sanjines (1786-1864). Music: Leopoldo Benedetto Vincenti Franti (1815-1914). Adopted: 1842.

Historical Background
The verses of the song were written by a poet from Chiquiasca. Don Jose Ignacio de Sanjines, and the music was composed by the Italian teacher Leopoldo Benedetto Vincenti in Sucre This national anthem was first sung at the Municipal Theatre of La Paz to commemorate the fourth anniversary of the Battle of Ingavi on 18 November 1845. Spanish Words
1

English Translation
1

jBolivianos! jel hado propicio corono nuestros votos y anhelo! Es ya libre. ya libre este suelo, ya ceso su servil condition. Al estruendo marcial que ayer fuera y al clamor de la guerra horroroso.
72

Bolivians, a favorable destiny Has crowned our vows and longings; This land is free, Your servile state has ended. The martial turmoil of yesterday And the horrible clamor of war

Bolivia

73

siguen hoy, en contraste armonioso dulces himnos de paz y de union, (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS De la Patria, el alto nombre en glorioso esplendor conservemos y, en sus aras, de nuevo juremos: jMorir antes que esclavos vivir! (repeat three times)

Are followed today, in harmonious contrast, By sweet hymns of peace and unity (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS We have kept the lofty name of our country In glorious splendor. And on its altars we once more swear To die. rather than live as slaves. (repeat three times)

2
Loor eterno a los bravos guerreros. cuyo heroico valor y firmeza, conquistaron las glorias que empieza hoy Bolivia feliz a gozar. Que sus nombres el marmol y el bronce a remotas edades transmitan y en sonoros cantares repitan: jLibertad, Libertad, Libertad! (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS
3

2
Eternal praise to the brave warriors Whose heroic valor and firmness Conquered the glories that now A happy Bolivia begins to enjoy! Let their names, in marble and in bronze. Transmit to remote ages And in resounding song repeat the call: Freedom! Freedom! Freedom! (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS

3
Here justice raised its throne That the vile oppression does not know. And in its glorious tone bequeathed Liberty, liberty, liberty. This innocent and beautiful land That has owed to Bolivar its name Is the happy homeland where man Enjoys the good of happiness and peace (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS
4

Aqui alzo la justicia su trono que la vil opresion desconoce, y en su timbre glorioso legose Libertad, libertad, libertad. Esta tierra inocente y hermosa que ha debido a Bolivar su nombre es la patria feliz donde el hombre goza el bien de la dicha y la paz. (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS
4

Si extranjero poder, algun dia.

If, someday, any foreign power

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Bolivia

sojuzgar a Bolivia intentare. al destine fatal se prepare que amenaza a soberbio agresor. Que los hijos del grande Bolivar han ya. mil y mil veces, jurado morir antes que ver humillado. de la Patria el augusto pendon. (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS

Should try to subdue Bolivia. To a fatal destiny must prepare That pretentious aggressor. For the children of the great Bolivar Have sworn thousands and thousands of times To die rather than to humiliate The venerable flag of the homeland. (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS

Bolivia

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Bolivia

Bolivia

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Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosne i Hercegovine

Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe. Balkan Peninsula Area: 19,741 sq. mi. (51,129 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 3,964,388 Capital/Largest City: Sarajevo (pop. 387,876) Official Language: Bosnian GDP/PPP: $7 billion, $1,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Dinar

National Anthem
Music: Dusan Sestic. Adopted: 1999.

Historical Background
On February 10, 1998, the same day the nation's flag was changed, a new anthem was adopted for Bosnia and Herzegovina, one without words, composed by Dusan Sestic.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Botswana Republic of Botswana

Quick Country Facts Location: Southern Africa Area: 231,800 sq. mi. (600,370 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 1,591,232 Capital/Largest City: Gaborone (pop. 138,000) Official Languages: Setswana, English GDP/PPP. $12.4 billion, $7,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Pula

Fatshe la Rona Our Country

Lyrics and Music: Kgalemang Tumedisco Motsete (1900-1974). Adopted: 1966.

Historical Background
The words and music of this song were written by Kgalemang Tumedisco Motsete in 1966 and officially adopted in the same year. Setswana Words 1 Fatshe leno la rona. Ke mpho ya Modimo, Ke boswa jwa borraetsho; A le nne ka kagiso. CHORUS Tsogang, tsogang! banna, tsogang! Emang, basadi, emang, tlhagafalang! Re kopaneleng go direla Lefatshe la rona. English Words
1

Blessed be this noble land, Gift to us from God's strong hand, Heritage our fathers left to us. May it always be at peace. CHORUS Awake, awake, O men, awake! And women close beside them stand, Together we'll work and serve This land, this happy land!

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Botswana
2 2

81

Ina lentle la tumo La chaba ya Botswana, Ka kuthvano le kagiso. E bopagantswe mmogo CHORUS

Word of beauty and of fame, The name Botswana to us came Through our unity and harmony. We'll remain at peace as one CHORUS

Botswana

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Brazil Republics Federativa do Brasil (Federative Republic of Brazil)

Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 3,286,470 sq. mi. (8,511,965 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 176,029,560 Capital: Brasilia (pop. 1,800,000) Largest City: Sao Paulo (pop. 17,900,000) Official Language: Portuguese GDP/PPP: $1.34 trillion, $7.400 per capita Monetary Unit: Real

Hino Nacional Brasileiro (Brazilian National Anthem)

Lyrics: Joaquim Osorio Duque Estrada (1870-1927). Music: Francisco Manuel da Silva (1795-1865). Adopted:

1922.

Historical Background1
The Brazilian national anthem is sufficient grounds for the fame of its composer, Francisco Manuel da Silva. Through its admirably warm and spirited melody, it took its place as the national anthem before it was accorded any official recognition. Various changes made to it have not distorted its essence, though they have softened its martial tone. Originally composed in a purely orchestral version for military band, it has been the various texts that have been set to it, especially that of Joaquim Osorio Duque Estrada in 1922, which have somewhat spoilt it. The history of the anthem is the subject of controversy. In the view of some, it was composed for Brazilian independence, others believe it was written for the 7th of April and performed on the 13th to a text attributed to Ovidio Saraiva de Carvalho e Silva, in which there are references to "a wise reign" and "a Brazilian monarch," 7 April being taken as the dawn of Brazilian liberty. A third view is that of Souza Pitanga and Ernesto Sena, supported by Alberto Nepomuceno who writes: "In the same year (1841), at perhaps the height of his career, Francisco Manuel composed the anthem to celebrate the coronation of the second Emperor of Brazil, showing himself to be a composer of great merit in this inspired work, which still animates
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Brazil

the national soul today." Decree No. 15671 of 6 September 1922 officially adopted the words of Estrada, written in 1909, the first version of it. Law No. 259 of 1 October 1936 prescribed the version of Leopoldo Miguez for orchestral performance, and the version by Lt. Antonio Pinto Junior of the Federal District Fire Brigades, for military band, in the original key of B Flat; and finally a version in F by Alberto Nepomuceno for singing. Portuguese Words
1

English Translation
1

Ouviram do Ipiranga as margens placidas De um povo heroico o brado retumbante, E o sol da liberdade, em raios fulgidos, Brilhou no ceu da Patria nesse instante. Se o penhor dessa igualdade Conseguimos conquistar com braco forte, Em teu seio 6 liberdade, Desafia o nosso peito a propria morte! 6 Patria amada Idolatrada Salve! Salve! Brasil de um sonho intenso, um raio vivido, De amor e de esperanca a terra desce Se em teu formoso ceu risonho e limpido A imagem do Cruzeiro resplandece Gigante pela propria natureza Es belo, es forte, impavido colosso, E o teu futuro espelha essa grandeza, Terra adorada! Entre outras mil Es tu, Brasil, 6 Patria amada Dos filhos deste solo es mae gentil, Patria amada Brasil!
2

The peaceful banks of the Ipiranga Heard the resounding cry of an heroic people, And the dazzling rays of the sun of liberty Bathed our country in their brilliant light. If with strong arm we have succeeded In winning a pledge of equality, In thy bosom, O liberty, Our hearts will defy death itself! O adored fatherland, Cherished and revered, All hail! All hail! Brazil, a dream sublime, vivid ray Of love and hope to Earth descends, Where in your clear, pure, beauteous skies The image of the Southern Cross shines forth. O country vast by nature, Fair and strong, brave and colossus, Thy future mirrors this thy greatness. O land adored Above all others, Tis thee Brazil, Beloved Fatherland! Thou art the gentle mother of the children of this soil, Beloved land, Brazil!
2

Deitado etemamente em berco esplendido, Ao som do mar e a luz do ceu profundo, Fulguras, 6 Brasil, florae da America, Iluminado ao sol do Novo Mundo!

Laid out eternally in the splendor of nature, In the sound of the sea and the light of heaven, May thou shine, O Brazil, flower of America, Illumined by the sun of the New World!

Brazil Do que a terra mais garrida Teus risonhos lindos campos tem mais flores, "Nossos bosques tern mais vida" "Nossa vida" no teu seio "mais amores" 6 Patria amada Idolatrada Salve! Salve! Brasil, de amor eterno seja simbolo O labaro que ostentas estrelado, E diga o verde-louro dessa flamula Paz no future e gloria no passado Mas se ergues da justica a clava forte, Veras que um filho teu nao foge a luta, Nem teme, quern te adora, a propria morte, Terra adorada! Entre outras mil Es tu, Brasil, 6 Patria amada Dos filhos deste solo es mae gentil Patria amada Brasil! put forth in thv thy fair, smiling fields More flowers out Than in the most gorgeously reputed lands; "More life is to be found in the groves" '"More love in our lives" in thy embrace. O adored fatherland, Cherished and revered, All hail! All hail! May the star-scattered banner flown by thee, Brazil, become the symbol of eternal love. And may the green-gold flag proclaim always Peace in the future and glory in the past But if the mighty sword of justice drawn forth, You will perceive your children, who adore you, Neither fear to fight, nor flee from death itself O land adored Above all others, Tis thee Brazil, Beloved Fatherland! Thou art the gentle mother of the children of this soil, Beloved land, Brazil!

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Brazil

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Brazil

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Brazil

Brazil

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Brunei Darussalam Negara Brunei Darussalam State of Brunei Darussalam

Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Asia Area: 2,226 sq. mi. (5,770 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 350,898 Capital/Largest City: Bandar Seri Begawan (pop. 52,300) Official Languages: Malay, English GDP/PPP: $6.2 billion, $18,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Brunei Dollar

Allah Peliharakan Sultan (God Bless the Sultan)

Lyrics: Pengiran Haji Mohamed Yusuf bin Pengrian Haji Andul Rahim (b. 1923). Music: Awang Haji Besar bin Sagap (1914-1988). Adopted: 1951.

Historical Background
This anthem was composed in 1947, almost forty years before independence, when a group of youths decided that the then British protectorate should have a national anthem and chose two of their own to write and compose it. Malay Words Ya Allah lanjutkanlah Usia Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Adil berdaulat menaungi nusa Memimpin rakyat kekal bahagia Hidup sentosa Negara dan Sultan Ilahi selamatkan Brunei Darussalam English Translation God bless his majesty With a long life Justly and nobly rule the kingdom And lead our people happily forever Peacefully be, the kingdom and sultan Lord, save Brunei Darussalam

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Brunei

91

Bulgaria
Peny6jiHKa Btjirappw Republika Bulgaria Republic of Bulgaria
Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula Area: 42,843 sq. mi. (110,910 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 7,621,337 Capital/Largest City: Sofia (pop. 1,113,674) Official Language: Bulgarian GDP/PPP: $50.6 billion, $6,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Lev

Mona PoflHHO Mila Rodino Dear Native Land

Lyrics: Tsevetan Tsvetkov Radoslavov (1863-1931) and Various Writers. Music: Tsevetan Tsvetkov Radoslavov (1863-1931). Adopted: 1964.

Historical Background1
This song was originally written and composed by a Bulgarian student in 1885 as he went off to fight in the Serbo-Bulgarian war. Through the years, it has undergone modifications from various writers. The Bulgarian kingdom started using this anthem, until the successor Socialist government replaced it with their own song. "Mila Rodino" was restored in 1964. After the collapse of the Communist bloc, the third verse, which contained references to the Soviet Union, was dropped.

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Bulgaria

93

Bulgarian Words

Bulgarian Words (Transliteration)

1
fopaa Crapa Mamma, no HCH ^ynaBa CHHCH, cjTbHue Tpaiciw orpasa, Haa DiipHHa njiaMCHCH. CHORUS Miuia Pommo,
TH CH 3CMCH p3H,

1
Gorda Star a planina, do ney Dunava siney, sluntse Trakiya ogryava, nad Pirina plameney. CHORUS Mila Rodino, ti si zemen ray, h'oyta hubost, tvoyta prelest, ah, te nyamat kray! (repeat chorus)
2

English Translation 1 Proud Balkan mountains, next to them the Danube flows, the sun sheds its light over Thrace, shining over Pirin. CHORUS Dear native Isnd, you 3re paradise on earth. your beauty and your charm, 3h, they never end (repeat chorus)
2

TBOHta xy6ocr, TBofira npejiecr,

ax, TC HHM3T Kp3H

(repeat chorus)
2

flanHaxa Sopiw 6e3Her 33 napo^a H3in jno6HM, M3HKO, nan mi MT>>KKa CHjia
HITS HM JKL npOflT>JMCHM.

Padnaha bortsi bezchet za naroda nash lyubim, mayko, day ni muzhka sila putya im da produlzhim. CHORUS

Many fighters gave their lives for our dear nation. Mother, give us strength to follow in their steps CHORUS

CHORUS

Bulgaria

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Burkina Faso
Quick Country Facts Location. West Africa Area: 105,870 sq. mi. (274,200 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 12,603.185 Capital/Largest City: Ouagadougou (pop. 500,000) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $12.8 billion, $1,040 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

Ditanye (Hymn of Victory)

Lyrics: Thomas Sankara (1949-1987). Adopted: 1984.

Historical Background
Captain Thomas Sankara, the late president of Burkina Faso, wrote the words to this anthem in 1984 during a major revamp of the national symbols and the symbolic change of the country's name from the colonial Upper Volta. reforms that he instituted. On 15 October 1987, Sankara fell prey to violent African politics when he was assassinated by troops loyal to Blaise Campaorehis second-in-command and lifelong friendthe current president of the impoverished African nation. French Words
1

English Translation
1

Centre la ferule humiliante il y a deja mille ans. La rapacite venue de loin les asservir il y a cent ans. Centre la cynique malice metamorphosee En neocolonialisme et ses petits servants locaux Beaucoup flancherent et certains resisterent Mais les echecs, les succes, la sueur, le sang Ont fortifie notre peuple courageux Et fertilise sa lutte heroique.

Against the humiliating bondage of a thousand years Rapacity came from afar to subjugate them for a hundred years. Against the cynical malice in the shape Of neocolonialism and its petty local servants. Many gave in and certain others resisted. But the frustrations, the successes, the sweat, the blood Have fortified our courageous people And fertilized its heroic struggle.

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Burkina Faso

CHORUS Et une seule nuit a rassemblee en elle L'histoire de tout un peuple. Et une seule nuit a declenche sa marche triomphale Vers Thorizon du bonheur. Une seule nuit a reconcilie notre peuple Avec tous les peuples du monde, A la conquete de la liberte et du progres La patrie ou la mort, nous vaincrons.
2

CHORUS And one single night has drawn together The history of an entire people, And one single night has launched its triumphal march. Towards the horizon of good fortune. One single night has brought together our people With all the peoples of the world, In the acquisition of liberty and progress. Motherland or death, we shall conquer.
2

Nourris a la source vive de la Revolution. Les engages volontaires de la liberte et de la paix Dans 1'energie nocturne et salutaire du 4 aout N'avaient pas que les armes a la main, mais aussi et surtout La flamme au coeur pour legitimement liberer Le Faso a jamais des fers de tous ceux qui Ca et la en polluaient 1'ame sacree De rindependance, de la souverainete. CHORUS
3

Nourished in the lively source of the revolution. The volunteers for liberty and peace With their nocturnal and beneficial energies of the 4th August Had not only hand arms, but also and above all The flame in their hearts lawfully to free Faso forever from the fetters of those who Here and there were polluting the sacred soul Of independence and sovereignty. CHORUS
3

Et scant desormais en sa dignite recouvree L'amour et I'honneur en partage avec 1'humanite Le peuple du Burkina chante un hymne a la victoire, A la gloire du travail liberateur, emancipateur. A bas 1'exploitation de Thommepar Thomme! He en avant pour le bonheur de tout homme, Par tous les hommes aujourd'hui et demain, Par tous les hommes ici et pour toujours! CHORUS
4

And seated henceforth in rediscovered dignity, Love and honor partnered with humanity, The people of Burkina sing a victory hymn To the glory of the work of liberation and emancipation. Down with exploitation of man by man! Forward for the good of every man By all men of today and tomorrow, By every man here and always! CHORUS
4

Revolution populaire notre seve nourriciere Maternite immortelle du progres a visage d'homme. Foyer eternel de democratic consensuelle,

Popular revolution our nourishing sap. Undying motherhood of progress in the face of man. Eternal hearth of agreed democracy,

Burkina Faso Ou enfm 1'identite rationale a droit de cite Ou pour toujours 1'injustice perd ses quartiers, Et oil des mains des batisseurs d'un monde radieux Murissent partout les moissons de voeux patriotiques, Brillent les soleils enfm de joie. CHORUS Where at last national identity has the right of freedom Where injustice has lost its place forever,

97

And where from the hands of builders of a glorious world Everywhere the harvests of patriotic vows ripen And suns of boundless joy shine CHORUS

Burkina Faso

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Burundi
Republika y'UBurundi Republique du Burundi (Republic of Burundi)
Quick Country Facts Location: South Central Africa Area: 10,747 sq. mi. (27,830 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 6,373,002 Capital/Largest City: Bujumbura (pop. 300.000) Official Language: Kirundi. French GDP/PPP: $4.1 billion, $740 per capita Monetary Unit: Burundi Franc

Uburundi Bwacu Cher Burundi (Beloved Burundi)

Lyrics: Group of writers presided by Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja (b. 1920). Music: Marc Barengayabo (b. 1934). Adopted: 1962. Kirundi Words Burundi Bwacu, Burundi buhire, Shinga icumu mu mashmga, Gaba intahe y ubugabo ku bugingo. Warapfunywe ntiwapfuye. Warahabislujwe ntiwahababuka, French Words Cher Burundi, 6 doux pays, Prends place dans le concert des nations En tout bien, tout honneur, accede a Tindependance. Mutile et meurtri, tu es demeure maitre de toi-meme. Uhagurukana, uhagurukana. L'heure venue, t'es leve
99

English Translation Beloved Burundi, gentle country. Take your place in the concert of nations, Acceding to independence with honorable intentions. Wounded and bruised, you have remained master of yourself When the hour came, you arose,

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Burundi

uhagurukana, ubugabo urikukira. Komerwamashyi n'amakungu, Habwa impundu nabawe, Isamirane mu mashinga, (repeat)

Et fierement tu t'es hisse au rang des peuples libres. Recois done le compliment des nations, Agree rhommage de tes enfants. Qu'a travers 1'univers retentisse ton

Lifting yourself proudly into the ranks of free peoples. Receive, then, the congratulations of the nations And the homage of your sons. May your name ring out through the universe. Beloved Burundi, sacred heritage from our forefathers, Recognized as worthy of self-government, With your courage you also have a sense of honor Sing the glory of liberty conquered again.

nom.
Burundi bwacu, ragi ry'abasokuru, Ramutswa intahe n'ibihugu, Ufatanije ishyaka n'ubu hizi; Vuza impundu wiganzuye uwakuganza uwakuganza. Cher Burundi, heritage sacre de nos aieux, Reconnu digne de te gouverner Au courage tu allies le sentiment de 1'honneur. Chante la gloire de ta liberte reconquise.

Burundi bwacu, nkoramutima kuri twese, Tugutuye amaboko, umitima n'ubuzima, Imana yakuduhaye ikudutungire. Horana umwami n'abagabo n'itekane. Sagwa n'urweze, sagwa n'amahoro meza.

Cher Burundi, digne objet de notre plus tendre amour, A ton noble service nous vouons nos bras, nos cceurs et nos vies. Veuille Dieu, qui nous a fait don de
toi,

Beloved Burundi, worthy of our most tender love. We vow to your noble service our hands and hearts and lives. May God, who gave you to us, keep you for us to venerate, Under the shield of unity, In peace, joy, and prosperity.

Te conserver a notre veneration. Sous 1'egide de I'Unite, Dans la paix, la joie et la prosperite.

Burundi

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Burundi

Burundi

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Cambodia
Reacheanachak Kampuchea Kingdom of Cambodia

Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Asia, Indochina Peninsula Area: 69,884 sq. mi. (181,040 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 12,775,324 Capital/Largest City: Phnom Penh (pop. 900,000) Official Language: Khmer GDP/PPP: $18.7 billion, $1,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Riel

Nokoreach
Lyrics: Chuon Nat (1883-1969). Adopted: 1941.

Historical Background
The song derives its name from an ancient Khmer kingdom. Its music was adapted from an old folk tune. The country originally adopted this anthem in 1941, but it was replaced after the Communist Khmer Rouge took over in 1976. "Nokoreach" was restored in 1993. when Cambodia became a constitutional monarchy. Khmer Words
1

Khmer Words (Transliteration)

1

French Words
1

Som pouk tepda rak sa moha khsath yeung Ov ben roung roeung cloy chey monkol srey soursdey Yeung Khnom preah ang som chrok Krom molup preah Baromey
104

Que le ciel protege notre Roi Et lui dispense le bonheur et la gloire Qu'l regne sur nos coeurs et la sur nos destinees Celui qui, heritier des Souverains Batisseurs

Cambodia Ney preah Noropdey vong Khsattra del sang preah sat thmr Kroup Kraung den Khmer borann thkoeung thkann.
2 2 2

105

Gouverne le fier et vieux Royaume

Prasath sela kombang kan dal prev Kuor oy srmay noeuk dlyuos sak Moha Nokor Cheat Khmer dauch Thmar kong vong ny lar rungpeung chom hor. Yeung sang Khim par pheap preng samnang robnos Kampuchea. Moha rth koeut mieo you ang veanh

Les temples dorment dans la foret Rappelant la grandeur du Moha Nokor Comme le roc, la race khmere est eternelle Ayons confiance dans le sort du Campuchea L'mpire qui defie les armees.

hev.
3 3 3

Kroup vath aram lo te so sap thoeur Sot day am nu rom lik koun path sasna Choi yeung chea neak thioeur thiak smos smak tain bap donnta Kong te thevoda nung chuoy chrom chreng phkut phkang pra voch oy Do! prateah Khmer chea Moha Nokor.

Les chants montent dans les pagodes A la gloire de la Sainte foi Bouddhique Soyons fideles aux croyances de nos peres Ainsi le ciel prodiguera-t-il tous ses bienfaits Au vieux pays khmer, le Moha Nokor.

English Translation

1
Heaven protects our king And gives him happiness and glory To reign over our souls and our destinies. The one being, heir of the sovereign builders. Guiding the proud old kingdom

2
Temples are asleep in the forest. Remembering the splendor of Moha Nokor Like a rock the Khmer race is eternal.

106

Cambodia Let us trust in the fate of Kampuchea, The empire which challenges the ages.
3

Songs rise up from the pagodas To the glory of holy buddhistic faith. Let us be faithful to our ancestors' belief. Thus heaven will lavish its bounty Towards the ancient Khmer country, the Moha Nokor.

Cambodia

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Cameroon
Republique de Cameroun Republic of Cameroon
Quick Country Facts Location: Central Africa Area: 183,569 sq. mi. (475,440 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 16,184.748 Capital/Largest City: Yaounde (pop. 730,000) Official Languages. French, English GDP/PPP: $26.4 billion, $1,700 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

Chant de Ralliement Rallying Song

Lyrics: Student Group and Rene Jam Afame (1910-1981). Music: Rene Jam Afame (1910-1981), Samuel Minkio Bamba (b. 1911), and Mo'ise Nyatte Nko'o (1910-1978). Adopted: 1957.

Historical Background
The song was adopted on an unofficial basis in 1948. It became the official anthem nine years later. In 1978. the lyrics underwent a significant revision. French Words 1 O Cameroun berceau de nos ancetres, Va, debout et jaloux de ta liberte. Comme un soleil ton drapeau fier doit etre, Un symbole ardent de foi et d'unite, Que tous tes enfants du Nord et Sud, De FEst a 1'Quest soient tout amour! Te servir que ce soil le seul but Pour remplir leur devoir toujours. English Words I O Cameroon, thou cradle of our fathers, Holy shrine where in our midst they now repose, Their tears and blood and sweat thy soil did water, On thy hills and valleys once their tillage rose. Dear fatherland, thy worth no tongue can tell! How can we ever pay thy due? Thy welfare we will win in toil and love and peace, Will be to thy name ever true!
108

Cameroon CHORUS Chere Patrie, terre cherie, Tu es notre seul et vrai bonheur. Notre joie, notre vie, A toi 1'amour et le grand honneur.
2

109

CHORUS Land of promise, land of glory! Thou, of life and joy, our only store! Thine be honor, thine devotion, And deep endearment, for evermore
2

Tu es la tombe ou dorment nos peres, Le jardin que nos aieux ont cultive Nous travaillons pour te rendre prospere, Un beau jour enfin nous serons arrives. De rAfrique sois fidele enfant Et progresse toujours en paix, Esperant que tes jeunes enfants T'aimeront sansbornes ajamais. CHORUS

From Shari, from where the Mungo meanders From along the banks of lowly Boumba Stream, Muster thy sons in union close around thee, Mighty as the Buea Mountain be their team. Instill in them the love of gentle ways. Regret for errors of the past; Foster, for Mother Africa, a loyalty That true shall remain to the last CHORUS

Cameroon

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Cameroon

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Canada
Quick Country Facts Location: North America Area: 3,851,809 sq. mi. (9,976,140 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 31,902,268 Capital: Ottawa (pop. 1,010,498) Largest City: Toronto (pop. 4,263,757) Official Languages: English, French GDP/PPP: $923 billion, $29,400 per capita Monetary Unit: Canadian Dollar

O Canada
English Lyrics: Robert Stanley Wier (1856-1926). French Lyrics: Aldolphe-Basile Routhier (1839-1920). Music: Attributed to Calixa Lavallee (1842-1891). Adopted: 1980.

Historical Background1
The anthem was written by Calixa Lavallee, "Canada's National Musician," when he was asked to compose the music for a poem written by Judge Adolphe-Basile Routhier. The occasion was the "Congres national des Canadiens-Fran9ais" in 1880, which was being held at the same time as the St. Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations. There had been some thought of holding a competition for a national hymn to have its first performance on St. Jean-Baptiste Day, 24 June, but by January the committee in charge decided there was not enough time, so the lieutenant governor of Quebec, the Honorable Theodore Robitaille, commissioned Judge Routhier to write a hymn and Lavallee to compose the tune. Lavallee made a number of drafts before the tune was greeted with enthusiasm by his musical friends. It is said that in the excitement of success Lavallee rushed to show his music to the Lieutenant Governor without even stopping to sign the manuscript. The first performance took place on 24 June 1880 at a banquet in the "Pavilion des Patineurs" in Quebec City as the climax of a "Mosai'que sur des airs populaires canadiens" arranged by Joseph Vezina, a prominent composer and bandmaster. Although this first performance of "O Canada" with Routhier's French words was well received on the evening, it does not seem to have made a lasting impression at that time. Arthur Lavigne, a Quebec musician and music dealer, published it without copyright although there was no rush to reprint. Lavallee's obit in 1891 does not mention it among his accomplishments, nor does a biography of Judge Routhier published in 1898. French Canada is represented in the 1887 edition of the University of Toronto song book by "Vive la canadienne," "A la claire fontaine," and "Un canadien errant." English Canada in general probably first heard "O Canada" when school children sang it when the duke and
112

Canada

113

duchess of Cornwall (later King George V and Queen Mary) toured Canada in 1901. Five years later, Whaley and Royce in Toronto published the music with the French text and a translation into English made by Dr. Thomas Bedford Richardson, a Toronto doctor. The Mendelssohn Choir used the Richardson lyrics in one of their performances about this time and Judge Routhier, and the French press complimented the author. In 1908 Collier's Weekly inaugurated its Canadian edition with a competition for an English text to Lavallee's music. It was won by Mercy E. Powell McCulloch, but her version did not take. Since then many English versions have been written for "O Canada." Poet Wilfred Campbell wrote one. So did Augustus Bridle, a Toronto critic. Some were written for the 1908 tercentenary of Quebec City. One version became popular in British Columbia. However, the version that gained the widest currency was made in 1908 by Robert Stanley Weir, a lawyer and at the time Recorder of the City of Montreal. This is the version that was published in an official form for the Diamond Jubilee of Confederation in 1927, and has since been generally accepted in English-speaking Canada. Many musicians have made arrangements of "O Canada" but there appears to be a scarcity of recordings suitable for various purposes. By the time World War I broke out in 1914, "O Canada" was the best-known patriotic song in Canada, edging out "The Maple Leaf Forever" and others less well-known today. In 1924, the association of Canadian Clubs passed a unanimous resolution recommending the Weir version as suitable for use at club meetings. Since then the Canadian Authors Association has endorsed it and in 1958 the Native Sons of Canada found in favor of it. In 1927, an official version of "O Canada" was authorized for singing in Canadian schools and for use at public functions. On 27 July 1942, the prime minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, was asked if he did not think this an appropriate time for proclaiming a national anthem. He replied that "There are times and seasons for all things and this time of war when there are other more important questions with which parliament has to deal, we might well continue to follow what has become the custom in Canada in recent years of regarding 'God Save the King (Queen)' and 'O Canada' each as national anthems and entitled to similar recognition." He said further that this was his opinion, his government's opinion and he had no doubt it was the opinion of most people in the country. Some years later, his successor as prime minister, Louis St-Laurent, made a similar statement. In 1964, a government resolution authorized the formation of a special joint committee to consider the status of "God Save the Queen" and "O Canada." On 31 January 1966, Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson placed a notice of motion on the order paper "that the government be authorized to take such steps as may be necessary to provide that 'O Canada' shall be the National Anthem of Canada while 'God Save the Queen' shall be the Royal Anthem of Canada. On 15 March of the following year, the special joint committee "unanimously recommends that the government be authorized to adopt forthwith the music for 'O Canada' composed by Lavallee as the music of the National Anthem of Canada with the following notation added to the sheet music: With dignity, not too slowly. 'God Save the Queen' was found to be in the public domain as the Royal Anthem of Canada, but for 'O Canada' the committee deemed it "essential to take such steps as necessary to appropriate the copyright to the music providing that it shall belong to Her Majesty in right of Canada for all time. This provision would also include that no other person shall be entitled to copyright in the music or any arrangements or adaptations thereof." The committee recommended further study of the lyrics. It discarded an otherwise acceptable bilingual version as being difficult for other ethnic groups in Canada to accept. It suggested keeping the first verse of the original French version and using the first verse of the Weir English version with minor changesthat is replacing two of the "Stand on guard" phrases with "From far and wide" and "God keep our land." There was no trouble with the music copyright that had by now descended to Gordon V. Thompson. They were

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Canada

willing to sell for $1, but the heirs of Judge Weir objected to the changes in the original version. Since Judge Weir died in 1926, the Weir version would not come into public domain until 1976. There was some doubt that the Weir family had legal grounds for objection since Thompson apparently held copyright on both music and English words. However the committee preferred to settle the matter amicably if at all possible. The Government acquired the rights from G. V. Thompson in 1970. On 28 Feburary 1972, the Secretary of State of Canada, Gerard Pelletier, presented a bill in the House of Commons proposing the adoption of "O Canada" as the National Anthem of Canada. The recommendations of the 1967 study in Parliament are incorporated in the bill, which did not receive further study in Parliament and died on the order paper. The same legislation was reintroduced by Mr. Pelletier's successors at further sessions of Parliament; no action was ever taken. On 18 June 1980, Pelletier's successor Francis Fox presented a bill, similar to previously presented bills on "O Canada," fulfilling a promise made earlier in the House that "O Canada" be proclaimed as Canada's national anthem as soon as possible in this year of the centenary of the first rendition. The bill was unanimously accepted by the House of Commons and the Senate on June 27; royal assent was given the same day. On 1 July, the governor general, His Excellency the Right Honorable Edward Schreyer, proclaimed the Act respecting the National Anthem of Canada, thus making "O Canada" an official symbol of the country. A public ceremony was held at noon on Parliament Hill in front of thousands of Canadians. Descendants of Weir and Routhier were on the official platform, as well as Jean-Pierre Cote, the successor of Robitaille. French Words O Canada, terre de nos ai'eux, Ton front est ceint de fleurons glorieux. Car ton bras sait porter 1'epee, II sait porter la croix. Ton histoire est une epopee Des plus brillants exploits. Et ta valeur, de foi trempee, Protegera nos foyers et nos droits (repeat) English Words O Canada! Our home and native land! True patriot love in all thy sons command. With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The true north strong and free! From far and wide, O Canada! We stand on guard for thee. God keep our land glorious and free! O Canada! We stand on guard for thee (repeat)

Canada

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Canada

Cape Verde Republica de Cabo Verde Republica di Cabo Verde (Republic of Cape Verde)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa, middle of East Atlantic Ocean Area: 1,557 sq. mi. (4,033 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 408,760 Capital/Largest City: Praia (pop. 61,797) Languages: Portuguese, Criuolo GDP/PPP: $581 million, $1,450 per capita Monetary Unit: Cape Verdean Escudo

Cantico da Liberdade (Song to Liberty)

Historical Background
This anthem was adopted to replace the previous one, which had been the same as that of Guinea-Bissau, after Cape Verde officially renounced its once cherished goal of unification with Guinea-Bissau. Portuguese Words CHORUS Canta, irmao canta meu irmao que a Liberdade e hino e o Homem a certeza English Translation1 CHORUS Sing, brother Sing, my brother For freedom is a hymn And man a certainty.

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VERSE

Cape Verde

VERSE With dignity, bury the seed In the dust of the naked island: In life is precipice Hope is as big as the sea Which embraces us. Unwavering sentinel of the seas and winds Between the stars and the Atlantic Ocean Sing the chant of freedom. CHORUS

Com dignidade, enterra a semente no po da ilha nua: No despenhadeiro da vida a esperan^a e do tamanho do mar que nos abraca. Sentinela de mares e ventos perseverante entre estrelas e o Atlantico entoa o cantico da Liberdade. CHORUS

Music Sheet Not Available

Central African Republic Republique Centrafricaine

Quick Country Facts Location: Central Africa Area: 241,313 sq. mi. (622,984 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 3,642,739 Capital/Largest City: Bangui (pop. 66.824) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $4.6 billion. $1,300 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

La Renaissance (The Revival)

Lyrics: Barthelemy Boganda (1910-1959). Music: Herbert Pepper (b. 1912). Adopted: 1960.

Historical Background
The music to this anthem was written in 1958 by French ethnomusicologist Herbert Pepper, who composed numerous works of original African music. One of his tunes also became the national anthem of Senegal That same year, Barthelemy Boganda, the first president of the nation, wrote the words French Words VERSE O Centrafrique. 6 berceau des Bantous! Reprends ton droit au respect, a la vie! Longtemps soumis, longtemps brime par tous. Mais de ce jour brisant la tyrannic. Dans le travail, Fordre et la dignite Tu reconquiers ton droit, ton unite Et pour franchir cette etape nouvelle, De nos ancetres la voix nous appelle. English Translation VERSE Oh! Central Africa, cradle of the Bantu! Take up again your right to respect, to life! Long subjugated, long scorned by all. But, from today, breaking tyranny's hold. Through work, order and dignity You reconquer your rights, your unity. And to take this new step The voice of our ancestors calls us.

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Central African Republic

CHORUS Au travail dans 1'ordre et la dignite Dans le respect du droit dans 1'unite Brisant la misere et la tyrannic, Brandissant Tetendard de la Patrie.

CHORUS To work! In order and dignity, In the respect for rights and in unity. Breaking poverty and tyranny. Holding high the flag of the fatherland.

Central African Republic

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Central African Republic

Chad
Republique du Tchad Jumhuriyat Tashad (Republic of Chad)

Quick Country Facts Location: Central Africa Area: 495,752 sq. mi (1,284,000 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 8.997.237 Capital/Largest City: N'Djamena (pop. 529.555) Official Language: French, Arabic GDP/PPP: $8.9billion, $1,030 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

La Tchadienne (The Song of Chad)

Lyrics: Louis Gidroi (b. 1922) and student group. Music: Paul Villard (1899-1986). Adopted: 1960.

Historical Background
The words of this song were written by Louis Gidroi and a group of students in 1960 to the music of Paul Villard. The anthem was adopted in celebration of Chad's independence from French colonial rule French Words CHORUS Peuple Tchadien, debout et a 1'ouvrage! Tu as conquis ta terre et ton droit; Ta liberte naitra de ton courage. Leve tes yeux. 1'avenir est a Toi VERSE O mon Pays, que Dieu te prenne en garde. English Translation CHORUS People of Chad, arise and take up the task!

You have conquered the soil and won your rights; Your freedom will be born of your courage.
Lift up your eyes, the future is yours. VERSE

Oh, my Country, may God protect you,

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Chad May your neighbors admire your children. Joyful, peaceful, advance as you sing, Faithful to your fathers who are watching you. CHORUS

Que tes voisons admirent tes enfants. Joyeux, pacifique, avance en chantant, Fidele a tes anciens qui te regardent. CHORUS

Chad

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Chad

Chile
Republica de Chile (Republic of Chile)
Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 292,132 sq. mi. (756,950 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 15,498,930 Capital/Largest City: Santiago (pop. 5,400,000) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $153 billion. $10,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Peso

Himno Nacional de Chile (National Song of Chile)

Lyrics: Eusebio Lillo (1826-1910) and Bernardo de Vera y Pintado (1789-1826). Music: Ramon Carnicer (1789-1855). Adopted: 1941.

Historical Background
The first national anthem of Chile was composed by Manuel Robles and written by the poet Bernardo de Vera y Pintado. Historians believe that the song was initially performed either during the celebrations of September 1819 or in the Domingo Arteaga Theatre on 20 August 1820. The second anthem was composed, by petition, by Ramon Carnicer, a Spanish songwriter exiled in England at the time because of his liberal beliefs The music made its debut at the Arteaga Theatre on 23 December 1828 in a concert of the philharmonic society. Years later, in 1847, the Chilean Government ordered the young poet Eusebio Lillo to write a new text to Carnicer's words, thus replacing the original lyrics of de Vera y Pintado, which contained violent references against Spain. Today, the chorus and fifth verse of Lillo's poem make up the official national anthem of Chile.

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Chile English Translation VERSE Chile, your sky is a pure blue, Pure breezes blow across you, And your field, embroidered with flowers, Is a happy copy of Eden. Majestic is the snow-covered mountain That was given to you by the Lord as a bastion, (repeat) And the sea that tranquilly washes your shore Promises future splendor for you. (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS Gentle homeland, accept the vows Given, Chile, on your altars, That you be either the tomb of the free Or a refuge from oppression. (repeat previous two lines three times) Or a refuge from oppression. (repeat)

Spanish Words VERSE Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado, Puras brisas te cruzan tambien, Y tu campo de floras bordado, Es la copia feliz del Eden. Majestuosa es la blanca montana Que te dio por baluarte el Senor (repeat) Y ese mar que tranquilo te bana, Te promete future esplendor. (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS Dulce Patria recibe los votos Con que Chile en tus arasjuro Que, o la tumba seras de los libres, O el asilo contra la opresion. (repeat previous two lines three times) O el asilo contra la opresion. (repeat)

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China
Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo (People's Republic of China)

Quick Country Facts Location: East Asia Area: 3,750,000 sq. mi. (9,600,000 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 1,284,303,785 Capital: Beijing (pop. 10,260,000) Largest City: Shanghai (pop. 13,900,000) Official Language: Mandarin Chinese GDP/PPP: $6 trillion, $4,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Renminbi Yuan

(March of the Volunteers)

Lyrics: Tian Han (1898-1968). Music: Nie Er (1912-1935). Adopted: 1949.

Historical Background1
The words to the national anthem were written by Tian Han, and its music was set by Nie Er in 1935. Originally known as the "March of the Volunteers," it was the theme song of Sons and Daughters in Times of Turmoil, a film that depicted how Chinese intellectuals marched bravely to the front in the War of Resistance against Japan during World War
II

Sonorous, militant, and inspiring, the song describes the wrath of the Chinese people against imperialist aggression and their determination to protect their motherland against foreign invaders. The song immediately swept the nation, and in 1949 it was submitted as a candidate for the national anthem. Many people liked the idea, and it was adopted on 27 September of that year on a provisional basis However, it was not until thirty-three years later that this status changed, in 1982, the "March of the Volunteers" was officially named the national anthem by the National People's Congress.
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China

Chinese Words

Chinese Words (Transliteration) Qilai! Bu yuan zuo null de renmen, Ba -women de xuerou zhu cheng women xin de Changcheng! Zhonghua Minzu dao liao zui weixian de shihou, Meige ren beipo zhefa chu zuihou de housheng! Qilai, qilai, qilai! Women wanzhongyixin, Mao zhe diren de paohuo qianjin! Mao zhe diren de paohuo qianjin! Qianjin! Qianjin!

English Translation Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves; With our very flesh and blood Let us build our new Great Wall! The peoples of China are in the most critical time. Everybody must roar their defiance. Arise! Arise! Arise! Millions of hearts with one mind, Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on! Brave the enemy's gunfire. March on! March on! March on
On!

Jin!

China

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China

China, Republic of Zhonghua Minguo

Quick Country Facts Location: East Asia Area: 13,895 sq. mi. (35,980 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 22,548,009 Capital and Largest City: Taipei (pop. 7,900,000) Official Language: Mandarin Chinese GDP/PPP: $386 billion, $17,200 per capita Monetary Unit: New Taiwan Dollar

Sanmm Zhuyi (Three People's Principles)

Lyrics: Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925). Music: Cheng Maoyun (1900-1957). Adopted: 1930.

Historical Background1
The words of this national anthem were first delivered as an exhortation at the opening ceremony of the Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou on 16 June 1924 by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, founder of the Republic of China. The Three People's Principles in his speech referred to his political philosophy of people's government, people's rights, and people's livelihood. This exhortation was designated as the Kuomintang's (KMT) party song in 1928, after which the KMT then publicly solicited contributions for a tune to fit the words The melody submitted by Cheng Maoyun was the undisputed winner out of 139 contenders. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the ministry of education held two separate competitions for lyrics for a national anthem, using the KMT party song in the meantime as a temporary anthem However, none of the entries reviewed were deemed appropnate, so Sun's composition was finally adopted as the official national anthem of the Republic of China in 1937 The piece was honored as the world's best national anthem at the 1936 Berlin Olympics In 1949. after the Communists took over Mainland China, the Kuomintang government retreated to the island of Taiwan, where the song continues to serve as the national anthem to this day
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China, Republic of

Chinese Words

Chinese Words (Transliteration) San Min Zhuyi, wu dang suo zong, Yijian minguo, yijin datong, Zier duo shi, wei min qianfeng, Suyefeixie, zhuyi shi cong, Shi qin shi yong, bi xin bi zhong, Yi xin yi de, guanche shizhong!

English Translation Three People's Principles, our aim shall be, To found a free land, world peace be our stand. Lead on comrades, vanguards ye

are,
Hold fast your aim, by sun and star, Be earnest and brave, your country to save, One heart, one soul, one mind, one goal!

China, Republic of

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Colombia
Republica de Colombia (Republic of Colombia)
Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 439,735 sq. mi. (1,138,910 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 41,008,227 Capital/Largest City: Santafe de Bogota (pop. 7,350,000) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $255 billion, $6,300 per capita Monetary Unit: Peso

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Rafael Nunez (1825-1894). Music: Oreste Sindici (1837-1904). Adopted: 1920.

Historical Background
The Colombian national anthem resulted from a grand idea by Jose Domingo Torres, a Bogota comedian. Driven by love for his country and theatrical music, he decided to push for the creation of a national anthem. He requested his close friend, the Italian opera teacher Oreste Sindici, to compose the music to an inspirational poem by then-President Rafael Nunez commemorating the city of Cartagena. Although reluctant at first, Sindici was at last persuaded through the joint efforts of his wife and Torres. On 11 November 1887, the song was sung for the first time in public at an improvised music hall in the old building of the public school where Sindici taught. The following month, on 6 December, the first official appearance was made in front of the Palace of San Carlos. In 1920, the song was adopted as the national anthem by the Colombian Congress. Jose Rozo Contreras, Director of the National Band, later made an official transcription of the anthem in 1946.

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Spanish Words (First Two Verses, 11 Total) CHORUS jOh gloria inmarcesible! jOh Jubilo inmortal! En surcos de dolores jEl bien germina ya! (repeat) (repeat chorus without repeats)
1

English Translation (First Two Verses, 11 Total) CHORUS Oh unfading glory! Oh immortal joy! In furrows of pain Good is already germinating (repeat) (repeat chorus without repeats)

1
The fearful night came to an end, Liberty sublime Is spreading the dawns Of its invincible light. The whole of humanity. Which is groaning under chains, Understands the words Of the One who died on the Cross CHORUS
2

jCeso la horrible noche! La libertad sublime Derrama las auroras De su invencible luz La humamdad entera, Que entre cadenas gime, Comprende las palabras Del que murio en la cruz CHORUS
2

INDEPENDENCE grita El mundo americano; Se bana en sangre de heroes La tierra de Colon. Pero este gran principio: EL REY NO ES SOBERANO, Resuena, y los que sufren Bendicen su pasion. CHORUS

INDEPENDENCE, cries The American world; In heroes' blood is bathing The land of Columbus. But this great principle: THE KING IS NOT SOVEREIGN. Resounds, and those who suffer Praise the passion in it. CHORUS

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Comoros
Jumhuriyat al-Qumur al-Itthadiyah al-Islamiyah Republique Federate Islamique des Comores (Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros)
Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Africa, Middle of Indian Ocean Area: 690 sq. mi. (2,170 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 614,382 Capital/Largest City: Moroni (pop. 23,432) Official Languages: Arabic, French, Shikomoro GDP/PPP: $424 million, $710 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

Udzima wa ya Masiwa (The Union of the Great Islands)

Lyrics: Said Hachim Sidi Abderemane (b. 1942). Music: Kamildine Abdallah (1943-1982) and Said Hachim Sidi Abderemane (b. 1942). Adopted: 1978. Shikomoro Words I beramu isi pepeza i nadi ukombozi piya i daula ivenuha tasiba bu ya i dini voya trangaya hunu Komoriya Narikeni na mahaba ya huveindza ya Masiwa Yatruwasiwa Komoro damu ndzima wasiwa Komoro dini ndzima Ya masiwa radzali wa French Words Au faite le Drapeau flotte Appelle a la Liberte totale. La nation apparait. Force d'une meme religion au sein des Comores. Vivons dans 1'amour reciproque dans nos iles. Les Comoriens issue de meme sang, Nous embrassons la meme ideologic religieuse.
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English Translation The flag is flying, Announcing complete independence; The nation rises up Because of the faith we have In this our Comoria.

Let us always have devotion To love our great islands, We Comorians are of one blood,

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ya masiwa yarileya Mola ne ari sayidiya Narikeni ha niya riveindze uwataniya Mahaba ya dine na duniya.

Les iles ou nous sommenes!! Les iles qui nous ont prodigues la bonne education. Dieu y a apporte son aide. Conservons notre unite pour T amour de la patrie, Amour pour la religion Et pour revolution.

We Comorians are of one faith. On these islands we were born, These islands brought us up. May God always help us; Let us always have the firm resolve To love our fatherland, Love our religion and the world. The flag is flying,

I beramu isi pepeza rang mwesi sita wa Zuiye i daula ivenuha zisiwa zatru zi pangwi ha Maore na Nzuani, Mwalina Ngaziya Narikeni na mahaba ya huveindzar ya masiwa.

Au faite le Drapeau flotte Depuis le 6 du mois de Juillet La nation apparait, Les iles devenues souveraines; Maore. N'Dzouani, Mouwali et N' Gazidja. Gardons notre amour pour les iles

From the Sixth of July; The nation rises up Our islands are lined up. Maori and Anzuan, Moheii and Gazidja, Let us always have devotion To love our great islands.

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Congo (Brazzaville)
Republique du Congo (Republic of the Congo)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Central Africa Area: 132,046 sq. mi. (342.000 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 2,958,448 Capital/Largest City: Brazzaville (pop 937,580) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $2.5 billion, $900 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

La Congolaise (Song of Congo)

Lyrics: Kimbangui Levent. Music: Francois Jacques Tondra. Adopted: 1962.

Historical Background
This anthem was adopted in 1962, after the country obtained independence from France. It was replaced nine years later when Congo switched to a socialist form of government. The song was restored in 1991. French Words
1

English Translation
1

En ce jour, le soleil se leve Et notre Congo resplendit Une longue nuit s'acheve Un grand bonheur a surgi Chantons tous avec ivresse Le chante de la liberte. CHORUS Congolais debout fierement partout

On this day the sun rises And our Congo stands resplendent. A long night is ended, A great happiness has come. Let us all, with wild joyfulness. sing The song of freedom. CHORUS

Arise, Congolese, proud every man.

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Congo (Brazzaville)

Proclamons 1'union de notre nation Oublions ce qui nous divise Soyons plus unis que jamais Vivons pour notre devise Unite, Travail, Progres. (repeat previous two lines)
2

Proclaim the unity of our nation. Let us forget what divides us And become more united than ever. Let us live our motto: Unity, work, progress, (repeat previous two lines)
2

Des forets jusqu'a la savane Des savanes jusqu'a la mer Un seul peuple une seule ame Un seul caur ardent etfier Luttons tous tant que nous sommes Pour notre vieux pays noir. CHORUS
3

From the forest to the bush, From the bush to the ocean, One people, one soul, One heart, ardent and proud. Let us all fight, every one of us, For our black country. CHORUS
3

Et s'il nous faut mourir en somme Qu'importe puisque nos enfants Partout pourront dire comme On triomphe en combattant Et dans le moindre village Chantent sous nos trois couleurs. CHORUS

And if we have to die, What does it really matter? Our children Everywhere will be able to say how Triumph comes through battle, And in the smallest village Sing beneath our three colors. CHORUS

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Congo (Brazzaville)

Congo (Kinshasa) Republique Democratique du Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Central Africa Area: 905,365 sq. mi. (2,345,410 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 55,225,478 Capital/Largest City: Kinshasa (pop. 6.050,000) Official Language. French GDP/PPP: $32 billion, $590 per capita Monetary Unit: Congolese Franc

Debout Congolais (Arise Congolese)

Lyrics: J. Lutumba. Music: S. Boka. French Words Debout Congolais (repeat) Unis par le sort Unis dans 1'effort pour Tindependance Dressons nos fronts Longtemps courbes Et pour de bon Prenons Le plus bel elan Dans la paix 6 peuple ardent Par le labeur Nous batirons un pays plus beau qu'avant Dans la paix English Translation Arise, Congolese, united by fate, United in the struggle for independence. Let us hold up our heads, so long bowed, And now, for good, let us keep moving boldly ahead, in peace Oh, ardent people, by hard work we shall build, In peace, a country more beautiful than before Countrymen, sing the sacred hymn of your solidarity, Proudly salute the golden emblem of your sovereignty, Congo. Blessed gift (Congo) of our forefathers (Congo). Oh (Congo) beloved country (Congo), We shall people your soil and ensure your greatness. (30th June) Oh gentle sun (30th June) of 30th June,
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Congo (Kinshasa)

Citoyens, Entonnez, L'hymne sacre de notre solidarite Fierement Saluez L'embleme d'or de votre souverainete Congo Don beni, Congo Des aieux, Congo O pays, Congo Bien aime, Congo Nous peuplerons ton sol Et nous assurerons ta grandeur Trente juin, 6 doux soleil Trente juin, du trente juin Jour sacre, sois le temoin Jour sacre de rimmortel serment de liberte Que nous leguons A notre posterite Pour toujours.

(Sacred day) Be witness (Sacred day) Of the immortal oath of freedom That we hand on to our children for ever.

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Costa Rica
Republica de Costa Rica (Republic of Costa Rica)
Quick Country Facts Location: Central America Area: 19,652 sq. mi. (51,100 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 3.834,934 Capital/Largest City: San Jose (pop. 315,909) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $31.9 billion, $6.700 per capita Monetary Unit: Colon

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Jose Maria Zeledon Brenes (1877-1949). Music: Manuel Maria Gutierrez (1829-1887). Adopted: 1949.

Historical Background1
In 1852, the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom accredited, for the first time, their diplomatic representatives in Costa Rica. President Juan Rafael Mora wanted to host a welcome ceremony for the two missions. Since Costa Rica did not have a national anthem at that time, Mora requested Manuel Maria Gutierrez, Director of the Costa Rican National Army Orchestra, to compose the music of the national anthem to be performed at the welcome ceremony The music of the national anthem was first played at the presidential palace (Casa de Gobierno) on 11 June 1852 at midnight. The music does not have a military connotation since it was composed to welcome two diplomatic missions Instead, it evokes an act of union, solidarity, and peaceful agreements among nations. It conveys a patriotic feeling through which the country shows its identity and peaceful nature. In 1903 there was a public contest for all Costa Rican citizens who wanted to write the national anthem. Jose Maria Zeledon Brenes won that contest. The anthem was sung and played for the first time on 15 September 1903. In 1949 those words and music became the official national anthem. The words address the "campesinos"farm workersof the early twentieth century who laid the foundation of Costa Rica's democracy and development. They lived in the country-side, cultivated crops, raised horses and cattle. The greatness of "campesmos" was not based on their possessions but on the way they handled daily matters and conducted themselves. The blue sky and the fields were
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enough to find meaning in their lives. The hopes and dreams of Costa Rican people of that time depended on not only the future, strengthened by the efforts and success of the present, but also on the preservation of the traditions passed through generations. Spanish Words i Noble patria! tu hermosa bandera expresion de tu vida nos da bajo el limpido azul de tu cielo blanca y pura descansa la paz En la lucha tenaz, de fecunda labor que enrojece del hombre la faz conquistaron tus hijos labriegos, sencillos eterno prestigio, estima y honor (repeat) English Translation Noble country, our lives Are revealed in your flying flag; For in peace, white and pure, we live tranquil Beneath the clear limpid blue of your sky. And their faces are ruddy with hard work In the fields beneath the life giving sun Though your sons are but farm workers, their labors eternal Esteem, renown, and honor have won. (repeat) i Salve oh tierra gentil! i Salve oh madre de amor! Cuando alguno pretenda tu gloria manchar veras a tu pueblo valiente y viril la tosca herramienta en arma trocar. j Salve, oh patria! tu prodigo suelo dulce abrigo y sustento nos da bajo el limpido azul de tu cielo jvivan siempre el trabajo y la paz! Hail, oh land of our birth! Hail, oh gracious land we love! If an enemy seeking to slander you or Harms your name, then we will abandon our farms And arise with fervor to take up our arms. Oh, sweet country, our refuge and shelter; How fertile your life giving soil! May your people contended and peaceful Unmolested continue their hard work.

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Cote d'lvoire
Republique de la Cote d'lvoire (Republic of Cote d'lvoire)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 124,502 sq. mi. (322,460 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 16,804,784 Capital: Yamoussoukro (pop. 106,786) Largest City: Abidjan (pop. 2,797,000) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $25.5 billion, $1,550 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

L'Abidjanaise (Song of Abidjan)

Lyrics: Mathieu Ekra (b. 1917) with Joachim Bony. Music: Abbe Pierre Marie Pango (b. 1926). Adopted: 1960. French Words VERSE Salut 6 terre d'esperance Pays de 1'hospitalite Tes legions remplies de vaillance Ont releve ta dignite Tes fils chere Cote d'lvoire Fiers artisans de ta grandeur Tous rassembles pour ta gloire Te batiront dans le bonheur CHORUS Fiers Ivoiriens, le pays nous appelle Si nous avons dans la paix ramene la liberte English Translation VERSE We salute you, o land of hope Country of hospitality; Your legions full of bravery Have enhanced your dignity. Dear Cote d'lvoire, your sons, Proud builders of your greatness, All together and for your glory. Shall, in joy. build you up. CHORUS Proud Ivorians The country needs us.
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Cote d'lvoire If, in peace we have Brought liberty back, Our duty is to be a model Of the hope promised to humanity, In forging united in the new faith The fatherland of true brotherhood.

Notre devoir sera d'etre un modele De 1'esperance promise a 1'humanite En forgeant unis dans la foi nouvelle La patrie de la vraie fraternite.

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Croatia Republike Hrvatske (Republic of Croatia)

Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula Area: 21,829 sq. mi. (56,542 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 4,390,751 Capital/Largest City: Zagreb (pop. 930,753) Official Language: Croatian GDP/PPP: $38.9 billion, $8,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Kuna

Lijepa nasa domovino (Our Beautiful Homeland)

Lyrics: Antun Mihanovic (1796-1861). Music: Josip Runjanin (1821-1878). Adopted: 1891.

Historical Background1
The words to the Croatian national anthem were written by Antun Mihanovic. They were first printed in Danica (The Morning Star) magazine in 1835, under the title "Hrvatska domovina" ("Croatian Homeland"). The music was composed later (1840s) by Josip Runjanin, a Croatian Serb, on the basis of Donizetti's "O sole piu ratio" from the opera "Lucia di Lammermoor." Later, in 1861, the score went through some minor changes done by V Lichtenegger In 1891 the song was first sung as the national anthem at an exhibition held by the Croatian-Slavonian Economic Society in Zagreb. It was readopted a year before Croatia achieved independence from Yugoslavia in December 1990 Only the first and last verses are used officially Croatian Words 1 Lijepa nasa domovino, Oj junacka zemljo mila, Stare slave djedovino, Da bi vazda sretna bila! English Translation 1 Beautiful is our homeland, Oh so fearless, oh so gracious, Our fathers' ancient glory, May God bless you, live forever!
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Mila, kano si nam slavna, Mila si nam ti jedina, Mila, kuda si nam ravna, Mila, kuda si planina!

Croatia Yes, you are our only glory, Yes, you are our only treasure, We love your plains and valleys, We love your hills and mountains.

2
Tp:n Savo ?vn Dravn Teci, Dravo, twi teci

2
*sava Drava, TYrava keep Iff Sava, on flowing,

Nit ti Dunaj silju gubi, Sinje more, svijetu reci: Da svog narod Hrvat ljubi, Dok mu njive sunce grije, Dok mu hrastje bura vije, Dok mu mrtve grob sakrije, Dok mu zivo srce bije!

Danube, do not lose your vigor, Deep blue sea go tell the whole world, That a Croat loves his homeland. When his fields are kissed by sunshine, When his oaks are whipped by wild winds, When his dear ones go to heaven, Still his heart beats for Croatia!

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Cuba
Repiiblica de Cuba (Republic of Cuba)
Quick Country Facts Location: North America, Caribbean Sea Area: 42,843 sq. mi. (110,860 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 11,224,321 Capital/Largest City: Havana (pop. 2,241,000) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $25.9 billion, $2,300 per capita Monetary Unit: Peso

La Bayamesa (The Bayamo Song)

Lyrics and Music: Pedro Figueredo (1818-1870). Adopted: 1902.

Historical Background
The national anthem of Cuba, formerly known as "Llamado Himno de Bayamo" ("Rallying Hymn of Bayamo"), was the work of lawyer and musician Pedro Figueredo. After composing the music in 1867, he wrote the lyrics on 20 October 1868, when rebel troops struggling against Spanish rule, of which he was an active member, occupied his hometown Bayamo. only to be driven out days later. The song was sung for the first time that same year. Spanish Words VERSE Al combate corred Bayameses Que la patria os contempla orgullosa: No temais una muerte gloriosa Que morir por la patria es vivir. English Translation VERSE Hasten to battle, men of Bayamo, For the homeland looks proudly to you. You do not fear a glorious death. Because to die for the country is to live.

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CHORUS En cadenas vivir es vivir. En afrenta y oprobio sumido. Del clarin escuchad el sonido, jA las armas valientes corred! (repeat chorus)

CHORUS To live in chains Is to live in dishonor and ignominy. Hear the clarion call, Hasten, brave ones, to battle! (repeat chorus)

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Cyprus
Kypriaki Dimokratia

Kibris Cumhuriyeti (Republic of Cyprus)

Quick Country Facts Location: Western Asia, Mediterranean Sea Area: 3,572 sq. mi. (9,250 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 767,314 Capital/Largest City: Nikosia (pop. 186,400) Official Language: Greek, Turkish GDP/PPP: $11 billion, $12,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Cyprus Pound

Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian (Hymn to Freedom)

Lyrics: Dionysios Solomos (1798-1857). Music: Nikolaos Mantzaros (1795-1872). Adopted: 1960.

Historical Background1
Cyprus has the same national anthem as Greece. It is based on the "Hymn to the Freedom," a large158 strophespoem written by the poet Dionysios Solomos, from Zakynthos Island, in 1823. The song was inspired by the Greek Revolution of 1821 against the Ottoman Empire. During 1828, the eminent musician from Kerkyra Island Nikolaos Mantzaros composed the music for Solomos's hymn. In 1960, after Cyprus gained independence, the Greeks on the island, anticipating union with Greece, adopted this anthem. Recently, the government considered a new anthem but met with furious opposition on the part of the Greek Cypriots and disapproval from the Turks in the northern part of the country.

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Greek Words (First Verse, 158 Total)

Greek Words (Transliteration, First Verse, 158 Total) Se gnoriso apo tin kopsi. Tou spathiou tin tromeri, Se gnoriso apo tin opsi Pou me via metra tin yi. Ap' ta kokala vialmeni Ton Ellinon ta iera, Ke son prota andriomeni, Haire, o haire, Eleftheria!

English Translation (First Verse, 158 Total)2

We knew thee of old, Oh, divinely restored, By the lights of thine eyes And the light of thy sword From the graves of our slain Shall thy valor prevail As we greet thee againHail, liberty! Hail! (repeat previous two lines two times)

(repeat previous two lines two times)

(repeat previous two lines two times)

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Czech Republic
Ceske Republiky
Quick Country Facts Location: Central Europe Area: 30,464 sq. mi. (78,866 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 10,256,760 Capital/Largest City: Prague (pop. 1,215,771) Official Language: Czech GDP/PPP: $155.9 billion, $15,300 per capita Monetary Unit: Konma
v

Kde domov muj? (Where Is My Home?)

Lyrics: Josef Kajetan Tyl (1808-1856). Music: Frantisek Jan Skroup (1801-1862). Adopted: 1919.

Historical Background1
The music to the anthem was composed by Frantisek Jan Skroup, a main Revivalist composer of Czech music, and, especially, Czech opera. From 1827 to 1860 he worked as a conductor in the Stavovske theatre. His biggest successes were the singspiel "Dratenik" ("Tinker") and the operas "Oldrich," "Bozena," and "Libusin snatek" ("Marriage of Libuse"). This song was taken from the first stanza of the opera Fidlovadka, which was written by Josef Kajetan Tyl and performed in 1834. It became the first part of the Czechoslovak state anthem after the country's liberation in 1918. Upon dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 1 January 1993, the song became the anthem of the new Czech Republic. Czech Words Kde domov muj, kde domov muj? Voda hud' po luinach, bory sumi po skalinach, v sadS skvi se jara kvSt, Zemsky raj to na pohled; a to je ta krasna zemS, zemfi deska, domov muj. (repeat) English Translation Where is my home, where is my home? Water bubbles across the meadows, Pinewoods rustle among crags, The garden is glorious with spring blossom, Paradise on earth it is to see. And this is that beautiful land, The Czech land, my home. (repeat)
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Czech Republic

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Denmark Kongeriget Danmark (Kingdom of Denmark)

Quick Country Facts Location: Northern Europe, Scandinavia Area: 16,833 sq. mi. (43,094 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 5,368,854 Capital/Largest City: Copenhagen (pop. 1,339,395) Official Language: Danish GDP/PPP: $155.5 billion, $29,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Krone

Der er et Yndigt Land (A Lovely Land Is Ours)

Lyrics: Adam Gottlob Oehlenschlager (1779-1850). Music: Hans Ernst Kreyer (1798-1879).

Historical Background1
Denmark is in the peculiar situation that it actually has two officially recognized national anthems. To celebrate the country itself, the Danes use "Der er et yndigt land." The text of this national anthem was written by the Danish poet Adam Gottlob Oehlenschlager in 1820 and the melody was composed by Hans Ernst Kr0yer in 1823. It has been used since 1844. Danish Words
1

English Translation
1

Der er et yndigt land, det star med brede boge naer salten osterstrand; (repeat) det bugter sig i bakke, dal,\

I know a lovely land With spreading, shady beeches Near Baltic's salty strand; (repeat) Its hills and valleys gently fall,

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Denmark det hedder gamle Daiunark, og det er Frejas Sal (repeat)

2

181

Its ancient name is Denmark, And it is Freya's hall (repeat)

2

Der sad i fordums tid de harniskklaedte kaemper, udhvilede fra strid; (repeat) sa drog de frem til fjenders men nu hvile deres bene bag hqjens bautasten (repeat)
3

There in the ancient days The armored Vikings rested Between their bloody frays (repeat) Then they went forth the foe to face, Now found in stone-set barrows, Their final resting place (repeat)
3

Det land endnu er skont, thi bla sig seen baelter, og 10vet star sa grant; (repeat) og aedle kvinder, skonne me'r og maend og raske svende bebo de danskes 0er (repeat)
4

This land is still as fair, The sea is blue around it, And peace is cherished there, (repeat) Strong men and noble women still Uphold their country's honor With faithfulness and skill (repeat)
4

Hil drot og faedreland! Hil hver en danneborger, som virker, hvad han kan! (repeat) Vort gamle Danmark skal besta, sa laenge bogen spejler sin top i bolgen bla (repeat)

Praise king and country with might Bless every Dane at heart For serving with no fright (repeat) The Viking kingdom for Danes is true With fields and waving beeches By a sea so blue (repeat)

Denmark (De er et yndigt land)

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Kong Christian Stod ved H0jen Mast (King Christian Stood by Tow'ring Mast)
Lyrics: Johannes Ewald (1743-1781). Music: Friedrich Kuhlau (1786-1832).

Historical Background3
"Kong Kristian" is also a national anthem but it is mostly considered the anthem of the Danish royal family. It is used in connection with state visits, naval visits, military sport arrangements and events in which a member of a foreign or the Danish Government is present. The text was written by Johannes Ewald in 1780, and the melody used presently was composed by Friedrich Kulau in 1828. The national anthem dates approximately from 1830. Danish Words
1

English Translation
1

Kong Kristian stod ved hejen mast i rag og damp; nans vaerge hamrede sa fast, at gotens hjelm og hjerte brast. Da sank hvert fjendtligt spejl og mast i reg og damp. Fly, skreg de, fly, hvad flygte kan! hvo star for Danmarks Kristian (repeat) ikamp?
2

King Christian stood by tow'ring mast, In mist and smoke. His sword was hammering so fast, Through Gothic helm and brain it passed Then sank each hostile stern and mast In mist and smoke "Fly!" shouted they, "fly, he who can, Who stands 'gainst Denmark's Christian (repeat) in fray?"
2

Niels Juel gav agt pa stormens brag.

Nu er del tid.

Niels Juel observ'd the tempest's blow: "Now! For your life!" Aloft he bade the red flag go, And stroke on stroke he dealt the foe. They cried then tro' the tempest's blow: "Now! For your life! Fly!" cried they all, "for shelter fly! For who can Denmark's Juel defy (repeat) in strife?"
3

Han hejsede det rade flag og slog pa fjenden slag i slag Da skreg de hojt blandt stormens brag:
Nu er det tid!

Fly, skreg de, hver. som ved et skjul! hvo kan besta mod Danmarks Juel (repeat) istrid?
3

O, Nordhav! Glimt af Wessel bred

North Sea, a glimpse of Wessel rent

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Denmark

din m0rke sky. Da ty'de kaemper til dit skod; thi med ham lynte skraek og ded. Fra vallen hortes vral, som bred den tykke sky. Fra Danmark lyner Tordenskjold; hver give sig i himlens void (repeat)
og fly!
4

Thy murky sky! Then champions to thine arms were sent; Terror and Death glared where he went; From the waves was heard a wail that rent Thy murky sky: From Denmark thunders TordenskioF, "Let each to Heaven commend his soul, (repeat)
And fly!" 4

Du danskes vej til ros og magt, sortladne hav! Modtag din ven, som uforsagt tor mode faren med foragt sa stolt som du mod stormens magt, sortladne hav! Og rask igennem larm og spil og kamp og sejer for mig til (repeat) min grav!

Thou path of Danes to praise and might, Black-surging sea! Receive thy friend, who feels no fright, But faces danger with despite, As proud as thou the tempest's might, Black-surging sea! And lead me brisk thro' din and rave, And fright and vict'ry to my grave (repeat) in thee.

Denmark (Kong Kristian Stod ved H0jen Mast)

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Djibouti
Jumhouriyya Djibouti

(Republic of Djibouti)

Quick Country Facts Location: Northeast Africa Area: 8,878 sq. mi. (23,000 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 472,810 Capital/Largest City: Djibouti (pop. 395,000) Languages: Arabic, French, Somali, Afar GDP/PPP: $586 million, $1,400 per capita Monetary Unit: Djibouti Franc

National Anthem
Lyrics: Aden Elmi (b. 1950). Music: Abdi Robleh (b. 1945). Adopted: 1977. Transliteration Hinjinne u sara kaca Calankaan haraad iyo Haydaar u mudateen. Hir cagaarku qariyayiyo Habkay samadu tahayoo Xiddig dhi igleh hoorshoo Cadaan lagu hadheeyaay. Maxaa haybad kugu yall. English Translation Arise with strength; for we have raised our flag, The flag which has cost us dear With extremes of thirst and pain. Our flag, whose colors are the everlasting green of the earth, The blue of the sky, and white, the color of peace; And the center the red star of blood. Oh flag of ours, what a glorious sight!

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Djibouti

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Dominica Commonwealth of Dominica

Quick Country Facts Location: North America, Caribbean Sea Area: 290 sq. mi. (754 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 70,158 Capital/Largest City: Roseau (pop. 15,853) Languages: English, French patois GDP/PPP: $262 million, $3,700 per capita Monetary Unit: East Caribbean Dollar

Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendor

Lyrics: Wilfred Oscar Morgan Pond (1912-1985). Music: Lemuel McPherson Christian (b. 1913). Adopted: 1967.

Historical Background
This song was adopted when Dominica achieved statehood status within the British Commonwealth in 1967 and retained upon independence in 1978. Words
1 2 3

Isle of beauty, isle of splendor, Isle to all so sweet and fair, All must surely gaze in wonder At thy gifts so rich and rare. Rivers, valleys, hills and mountains, All these gifts we do extol. Healthy land, so like all fountains, Giving cheer that warms the soul.

Dominica, God hath blest thee With a clime benign and bright, Pastures green and flowers of beauty Filling all with pure delight, And a people strong and healthy, Full of godly, rev'rent fear. May we ever seek to praise Thee For these gifts so rich and rare.

Come ye forward, sons and daughters Of this gem beyond compare. Strive for honor, sons and daughters, Do the right, be firm, be fair. Toil with hearts and hands and voices. We must prosper! Sound the call, In which ev'ry one rejoices, "All for Each and Each for All."

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Dominica

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Dominican Republic Repiiblica Dominicana

Quick Country Facts Location: North America, Hispaniola Area: 18,704 sq. mi. (48,730 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 8,721,594 Capital/Largest City: Santo Domingo (pop. 2,100,000) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $50 billion, $5,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Peso

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Emilio Prud'homme (1856-1932). Music: Jose Reyes (1835-1905). Adopted: 1934.

Historical Background
The original idea for this song came from Jose Reyes, who was inspired by a copy of the Argentine national anthem published in the Parisian magazine The American. Reyes believed that his country should also have its own national song. So, in 1883, he invited his friend Emilio Prud'homme to write the lines while composing the music himself. The first versions of PnuThomme's verses appeared on 16 August of that year in El Eco de la Opinion, a magazine of Santo Domingo. The next day, the song was played during a celebration of the national press at the Logia Esperanza. It was well received by the public and, gradually, its fame spread. In 1897, the periodical El Telefono published a revised edition of Prud'homme's verses, made by the author himself, since the first version was written when he was an inexperienced 27 year old. Acting on a motion by deputy Rafael Garcia Martinez, the National Congress adopted a resolution on 7 June 1897 to give the song official status. However, President Ulises Heureaux refused to sign it into law, probably because of Prud'homme's disagreement with his dictatorial government. It was not until 30 May 1934 that the president of the Dominican Republic, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina, by means of Law number 700, adopted officially this song as the national anthem.

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Dominican Republic

191

Spanish Words (First Two Verses of Six) 1 Quisqueyanos valientes, alcemos Nuestro canto con viva emocion, Y del mundo a la faz ostentemos Nuestro invicto, glorioso pendon. iSalve! el pueblo que. intrepido y fuerte. A la guerra a morir se lanzo, Cuando en belico reto de muerte Sus cadenas de esclavo rompio.
2

English Translation (First Two Verses of Six)

1
Brave men of Quisqueya, Let us sing with strong feeling And let us show to the world Our invincible, glorious banner Hail, O people who, strong and intrepid, Launched into war and went to death! Under a warlike menace of death, You broke your chains of slavery.
2

Ningun pueblo ser libre merece Si es esclavo. indolente y servil; Si en su pecho la llama no crece Que templo el heroismo viril. Mas Quisqueya la indomita y brava Siempre altiva la frente alzara; Que si fuere mil veces esclava Otras tantas ser libre sabra.

No country deserves to be free If it is an indolent and servile slave. If the call does not grow loud within it, Tempered by a virile heroism. But the brave and indomitable Quisqueya Will always hold its head high, For if it were a thousand times enslaved, It would a thousand times regain freedom.

Dominican Republic

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Dominican Republic

J94

Dominican Republic

Ecuador
Republica del Ecuador (Republic of Ecuador)

Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 106,822 sq. mi. (283,560 sq km.) Population (2002 est.): 13,447,494 Capital: Quito (pop. 1,500,000) Largest City: Guayaquil (pop. 2,000,000) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $39.6 billion. $3,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Sucre

Salve, O Patria (Hail, O Fatherland)

Lyrics: Juan Leon Mera (1832-1894). Music: Antonio Neumane (1818-1871). Adopted: 1948.

Historical Background
The text of the national anthem is a poem that was written by the Ecuadorian writer and essayist Juan Leon Mera in 1865. It was set to music by Antonio Neumane the following year. The poem itself consists of seven verses. In highly formal settings, the second and third verses are played, with the second verse repeated at the end. In informal settings, only the second verse is used. Spanish Words CHORUS j Salve oh Patria, mil veces! jOh Patria, gloria a ti! j Gloria a ti! Y a tu pecho. hi pecho rebosa Gozo y paz, y a tu pecho rebosa; Y tu frente, tu frente radiosa Mas que el sol contemplamos lucir.
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English Translation CHORUS Hail, oh Fatherland! A thousand times, hail! Glory unto thee! With peace and joy, Your breast swells, and thy glorious face Shines brighter than the sun.

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Ecuador

(repeat previous two lines)

1 1

Los primeros los hijos del suelo Que el soberbio; el Pichincha decora Te aclamaron por siempre senora Y vertieron su sangre por ti. Dios miro y acepto el holocausto, Y esa sangre fue germen fecundo De otros heroes; que atonito el mundo Vio en tu torno a millares surgir. a millares surgir. (repeat) CHORUS
2

The first children of this land, Which mantles supreme, Pichincha As their motherland, they forever acclaimed And shed their blood for thee. God saw, and accepted this holocaust, And their blood was the fertile seed For other heroes who the astonished world, Would see, by the thousands rally unto thee.

CHORUS
2

De estos heroes al brazo de hierro Nada tuvo invencible la tierra, Y del valle a la altisima sierra Se escuchaba el fragor de la lid; Tras la lid la victoria volaba. Libertad tras el triunfo venia. Y al Icon destrozado se oia, De impotencia y despecho rugir. y despecho rugir. (repeat) CHORUS (repeat 1)

For these steel armed heroes Nothing in the land was invincible And from the valley to the high Sierra Could the clamor of the struggle be heard; After the struggle, victory came flying. And freedom followed on victory's heel. And the toppled lion could be heard, As it roared in impotence and vanity.

CHORUS (repeat 1)

Ecuador

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Ecuador

Ecuador

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Ecuador

Egypt
Jumhuriyah Misr al-Arabiyah

(Arab Republic of Egypt)

Quick Country Facts Location: Northeast Africa, Middle East Area: 386,900 sq. mi. (1,001,450 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 70,712,345 Capital/Largest City: Cairo (pop. 14,350,000) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP: $258 billion, $3,700 per capita Monetary Unit: Egyptian Pound

Biladi

(My Homeland)
Lyrics and Music: Sayed Darwish (1892-1923). Adopted: 1979.

Historical Background1
The words and music to the national anthem of Egypt were written by Sayed Darwish, one of the pioneers of Arabic music and a leader of the modern Egyptian renaissance at the turn of the previous century. As a vanguard of innovation, he liberated music from its obsolete forms. During his lifetime, Darwish wrote many patriotic songs and maintained close ties with early leaders of the national movement for independence in the Middle East, like Saad Zaghloul and Mustapha Kamel Artaturk. In fact, the words of Egypt's national anthem were derived from one of Kamel's most famous speeches.

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Arabic Wordsi

Egypt Ai Arabic Words (Transliteration) Biladi Biladi Biladi Laki Hubbi Wa Fuadi (repeat previous two lines) Misr Ya Umm Al Bilad Inti Ghayati Wai Murad Wa 'AlaKulIl 'Ibad KamLineelikMinAyadi. Biladi Biladi Biladi Laki Hubbi Wa Fuadi English Translation2 My homeland, my homeland, my hallowed land, Only to you, is my due hearty love at command. (repeat previous two lines) Mother of the great ancient land, My sacred wish and holy demand, All should love, awe and cherish thee. Gracious is thy Nile to humanity. My homeland, my homeland, my hallowed land, Only to you, is my due hearty love at command.

Egypt

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Egypt

El Salvador Republica de El Salvador (Republic of El Salvador)

Quick Country Facts Location: Central America Area: 8,260 sq. mi. (21,040 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 6,353,681 Capital/Largest City: San Salvador (pop. 972,810) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $28.4 billion, $4,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Colon

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Juan Jose Canas (1826-1918). Music: Juan Aberie (1846-1930). Adopted: 1953.

Historical Background
The music to this anthem was composed by Juan Aberie, an Italian songwriter who came to El Salvador during the late nineteenth century to direct an orchestral group. The words were written by General Juan Jose Canas. The two cooperated in producing this work at the recommendation of presidential doctor Rafael Zaldivar. The song was sung for the first time on 15 September 1879 in front of the old National Palace in the capital San Salvador by a group of schoolchildren. Spanish Words CHORUS Saludemos la patria orgullosos De hijos suyos podernos llarnar; Y juremos la vida animosos, Sin descanso a su bien consagrar. (repeat previous four lines) Consagrar, consagrar, consagrar, consagrar. English Translation CHORUS Let us salute the motherland, Proud to be called her children. To her well-being let us swear Boldly and unceasingly to devote our lives. (repeat previous four lines) Our lives, our lives, our lives, our lives.
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1

El Salvador

De la paz en la dicha suprema, Siempre noble sono El Salvador; Fue obtenerla su eterno problema, Conservarla es su gloria mayor. Y con fe inquebrantable el camino Del progreso se afana en seguir For llenar su grandiose destine, Conquistarse un feliz porvenir. Le protege una ferrea barrera Contra el choque de ruin deslealtad, Desde el dia que en su alta bandera Con su sangre escribio: jLIBERTAD! jEscribio libertad! jescribio libertad! CHORUS
2

Of peace enjoyed in perfect happiness, El Salvador has always nobly dreamed. To achieve this has been her eternal proposition, To keep it, her greatest glory. With inviolable faith, she eagerly follows The way of progress In order to fulfill her high destiny And achieve a happy future. A stern barrier protects her Against the clash of vile disloyalty, Ever since the day when her lofty banner, In letters of blood, wrote "FREEDOM," Wrote "freedom," wrote "freedom." CHORUS
2

Libertad es su dogma, es su guia, Que mil veces logro defender; Y otras tantas de audaz Urania Rechazar el odioso poder. Dolorosa y sangrienta es su historia, Pero excelsa y brillante a la vez; Manantial de legitima gloria, Gran leccion de espartana altivez. No desmaya en su innata bravura, En cada hombre hay un heroe inmortal Que sabra mantenerse a la altura De su antiguo valor proverbial. Valor proverbial, valor proverbial. CHORUS

Freedom is her dogma and her guide; A thousand times she has defended it, And as many times has she repelled The hateful power of atrocious tyranny. Her history has been bloody and sad, Yet at the same time sublime and brilliant, A source of legitimate glory And a great lesson in Spartan pride. Her innate bravery shall not waver: In every man there is an immortal hero Who knows how to maintain the level Of the proverbial valor of old. Valor of old, valor of old. CHORUS

3 Todos son abnegados y fieles Al prestigio del belico ardor Con que siempre segaron laureles De la patria salvando el honor.

3 All are self-denying and faithful To the tradition of warlike ardor With which they have always reaped fame By saving the motherland's honor.

El Salvador

207

Respetar los derechos extranos Apoyarse en la recta razon Es para ella, sin torpes amanos Su invariable, mas firme ambition. Y en seguir esta linea se aferra Dedicando su esfuerzo tenaz, En hacer cruda guerra a la guerra: Su ventura se encuentra en la paz.
En la paz, en la paz.

To respect the rights of others And base her actions on right and justice Is for her, without infamous intrigue, The constant and most firm ambition. And in following this line she persists, Dedicating her tenacious efforts In giving hard battle for battle; Her happiness is found in peace In peace, in peace. CHORUS

CHORUS

El Salvador

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El Salvador

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El Salvador

El Salvador

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El Salvador

El Salvador

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El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial (Republic of Equatorial Guinea)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa and Gulf of Guinea Area: 10,380 sq. mi. (28,051 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 498,144 Capital/Largest City: Malabo (pop. 30,418) Official Languages: Spanish, French GDP/PPP: $1.04 billion, $2,100 per capitab Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Atanasio Ndongo Miyono. Adopted: 1968. Spanish Words Caminemos pisando las sendas De nuestra inmensa felicidad. En fraternidad. sin separation, jCantemos Libertad! Tras dos siglos de estar sometidos, Bajo la domination colonial, En fraterna union, sin discriminar, jCantemos Libertad! jGritamos Viva, Libre Guinea! Y defendamos nuestra Libertad. Cantemos siempre, Libre Guinea, Y conservemos siempre la unidad. jGritamos Viva, Libre Guinea! Y defendamos nuestra Libertad. English Translation Let us tread the paths Of our great happiness. In brotherhood, undivided. Let us sing for freedom! Behind us are two centuries Of colonial domination. In brotherly unity, without discrimination. Let us sing for freedom! Let us shout: Long live Guinea! Let us defend our freedom. Always singing of our free Guinea, Let us keep united. Let us shout: Long live Guinea! Let us defend our freedom.
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Equatorial Guinea

Cantemos siempre, Libre Guinea, Y conservemos, Y conservemos La independence nacional. (repeat previous two lines two times)

Always singing of our free Guinea, Let us keep our nation independent, (repeat)

Equatorial Guinea

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Equatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea

219

Eritrea
Hagare Ertra

Dewlet Eritrea (State of Eritrea)

Quick Country Facts Location: Northeastern Africa Area: 45,754 sq. mi. (121,320 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 4,465,651 Capital/Largest City: Asmara (pop. 400,000) Official Languages: Tigrinya, Arabic GDP/PPP: $3.2 billion, $740 per capita Monetary Unit: Birr

Eritrean National Anthem

Lyrics: Solomon Tsehaye Beraki (b. 1956). Music: Isaac Abraham Meharezghi (b. 1944) and Aron Tekle Tesfatsion (b. 1963). Tigrinya Words Tigrinya Words (Transliteration, First Verse of Two) 1 Ertra, Ertra, Ertra, Beat dema 'nalkese tedem sisu, Meswaeta bharnet tdebisu. (repeat stanza) Beat dema 'nalkese tedem sisu, Meswaeta bharnet tdebisu. English Translation

1 Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea, The barbarian enemy humiliatingly defeated

(repeat stanza) The barbarian enemy humihatingly Defeated

(repeat previous three lines)

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Eritrea

221

2
Mewael nekhisa 'b elame Temrti tsnat koynu sma, Ertra za haben wtsuat, Ameskira haki kem tewet.

2
And martyrdom has paid for freedom Decades of devotion for purpose Your name became challenger, miraculous Eritrea, comfort for the oppressed Proved that truth can win after all.

CHORUS

CHORUS Ertra, Ertra, Ertra Abalem chebitato gbue kbra.

CHORUS Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea A sovereign state on earth after all. (repeat 2) CHORUS (repeat 1)
3

(repeat 2) CHORUS (repeat 1)

3

(repeat 2) CHORUS

Dedication that led to liberation Will build up and make her green We shall honor her with progress We have a word to her to embellish CHORUS (repeat 3) CHORUS CHORUS (repeat 3) CHORUS

Eritrea

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Eritrea

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Eritrea

Estonia
Eesti Vabariik (Republic of Estonia)

Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe, Baltic Sea Area: 17.666 sq mi. (45.226 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 1,415,681 Capital/Largest City: Tallinn (pop. 471,608) Official Language: Estonian GDP/PPP: $15.2 billion, $10,900 per capita Monetary Unit: Kroon

Mu Isamaa, mu Onn ja Room (My Native Land, My Pride and Joy)

Lyrics: Johann Voldemar Jannsen (1819-1900). Music: Fredrik Pacius (1809-1891). Adopted: 1920. Historical Background1
The Estonian national anthem is a choral-like melody arranged by Fredrik Pacius, a Finnish composer of German origin, in 1843. In Estonia, Johann Voldemar Jannsen's lyrics were set to this melody and sung at the first Estonian Song Festival in 1869. It gained in popularity' during the growing national movement. In Finland, it first became popular only as a students' song but soon also became more widely accepted. When both Estonia and Finland became independent after the First World War, this identical melody with different words was recognized as the national anthem by both nations. Officially, Estonia adopted it in 1920, after the war of independence. During the decades of the Soviet occupation of Estonia, the melody was strictly forbidden and people were sent to Siberia for singing it However, even during the worst years the familiar tune could be heard over Finnish radio, every day at the beginning and end of the program. Thus, it could never be forgotten. With the restoration of Estonian independence, the national anthem has. of course, been restored, too.

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Estonia English Translation

Estonian Words

1
Mu isamaa, mu onn ja room, kui kaunis oled sa! Ei leia mina iial teal See suure laia ilma peal. mis mul nii armas oleks ka, kui sa. mu isamaa!
2

1
My native land, my joy, delight. How fair thou art and bright! And nowhere in the world all round Can ever such a place be found So well beloved as I love thee, My native country dear!
2

Sa oled mind ju simnitand ja ules kasvatand; sind tanan mina alati ja jaan sulT truuiks surmani, mul koige armsam oled sa, mukallis isamaa!
3

My little cradle stood on thy soil. Whose blessings ease my toil. With my last breath my thanks to thee. For true to death I'll ever be, O worthy, most beloved and fine, Thou, dearest country mine!
3

Su iile Jumal valvaku, mu armas isamaa! Ta olgu sinu kaitseja ja votku rohkest onnista. mis iial ette votad sa. mukallis isamaa!

May God in Heaven thee defend, My best, my dearest land! May He be guard, may He be shield, Forever may He bless and wield 0 graciously all deeds of thine, Thou dearest country mine!

Estonia

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Ethiopia Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Quick Country Facts Location: Northeastern Africa Area: 446,952 sq. mi. (1,127,127 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 67,673,031 Capital/Largest City: Addis Ababa (pop. 2,200,186) Official Language: Amharic GDP/PPP: $46 billion, $700 per capita Monetary Unit: Birr

National Anthem
Lyrics: Dereje Melaku Mengesha (b. 1957). Music: Solomon Lulu Mitiku (b. 1950). Adopted: 1992. Amharic Words (Transliteration) Yazegennat Keber Ba-Ityopp 'yachen S 'onto Tayya Hezbawinnat Dar Eskadar Barto. Laxalam Lafeteh Lahezboch Nas 'annat, Ba 'ekkulennat Bafeqer Oomanal Ba 'andennat. Masarata S 'enu Sabe 'enan Yalsharen; Hezboch Nan Lasera Basera Yanoren. Denq Yahahel Madrak Ya 'ahuri Oers Balahet; Yatafat 'ro S 'agga Ya 'akuri Oers Balabet; Ennet' abb eqe shallan Allabben Adara; Ityopp 'yachchen nuri Ennam Banchi Ennekura! English Translation Respect for citizenship is strong in our Ethiopia; National pride is seen, shining from one side to another.

For peace, for justice, for the freedom of peoples,

In equality and in love we stand united. Firm of foundation, we do not dismiss humanness; We are peoples who live through work. Wonderful is the stage of tradition, mistress of proud heritage. Mother of natural virtue, mother of a valorous people. We shall protect youwe have a duty; Our Ethiopia, live! And let us be proud of you!

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Fiji Viti Sovereign Democratic Republic of the Fiji Islands

Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Southwestern Pacific Ocean Area: 7,078 sq. mi. (18,270 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 856,346 Capital/Largest City: Suva (pop. 200,000) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $4.4 billion, $5,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Fiji Dollar

Meda Dau Doka National Anthem of Fiji

Lyrics: Michael Francis Alexander Prescott (b. 1928). Adopted: 1970.

Historical Background
The Fijian anthem is based on an old traditional song. It was adopted in 1970. Fijian Words
1

English Words
1

Meda dau doka ka vinakata na vanua E ra sa dau tiko kina na savasava Rawa tu na gauna ni sautu na veilomani Biu na i tovo tawa savasava CHORUS

Blessing grant oh God of nations on the isles of Fiji As we stand united under noble banner blue And we honor and defend the cause of freedom ever Onward march together, God bless Fiji. CHORUS For Fiji, ever Fiji, let our voices ring with pride. For Fiji ever Fiji her name hail far and wide, A land of freedom, hope and glory to endure what ever befall.
230

Me bula ga ko Viti Ka me toro ga ki liu

Me ra turaga vinaka ko ira na i liuliu Me ra liutaki na tamata E na veika vinaka

Fiji
Me oti kina na i tovo ca May God bless Fiji Forevermore!
2 2

231

Me da dau doka ka vinakata na vanua E ra sa dau tiko kina na savasava Rawa tu na gauna ni sautu na veilomani Me sa biu na i tovo tawa yaga CHORUS
3

Blessing grant oh God of nations on the isles of Fiji Shores of golden sand and sunshine, happiness and song Stand united, we of Fiji, fame and glory ever Onward march together, God bless Fiji. CHORUS

Bale ga vei kemuni na cauravou e Viti Ni yavala me savasava na vanua Ni kakua ni vosota na dukadukali Ka me da sa qai biuta vakadua CHORUS

Fiji

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2"

Finland Suomen Tasavalta Republiken Finland

(Republic of Finland)
Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, Scandinavia Area: 130,558 sq. mi. (337,030 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 5,183,545 Capital/Largest City: Helsinki (pop. 515,765) Official Languages: Finnish, Swedish GDP/PPP: $136.2 billion, $26,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Euro

Maamme Vart land (Our Land)

Finnish Lyrics: Paavo Eemil Cajander (1846-1913). Swedish Lyrics: Johan Ludvig Runeberg (1804-1877). Music: Fredrik Pacius (1809-1891). Adopted: 1848.

Historical Background1
The Finnish national anthem, with words by Johan Ludvig Runeberg and music by Fredrik Pacius, was first performed in 1848 by students celebrating Flora Day (13 May) in a meadow belonging to Kumtahti Manor in Helsinki. Johan Ludvig Runeberg, headmaster of Porvoo (Borga) Lyceum, had written the original text in Swedish, "Vart land" ("Our Land"), two years earlier. The poem was published in autumn 1846 as the prologue to Runeberg's "Fanrik Stals sagner" ("Tales of Ensign Stal"), a collection of thirty-five heroic ballads set in the days of the War of Finland in 1808-1809. As a result of this war, Sweden ceded Finland to Russia in the 1809 Treaty of Hamina. Runeberg's aim was to stir Finnish patriotic feeling with his epic. He is said to have been inspired to write "Vart land" by Mihaly Vorosmarty's "Szozat," the Hungarian national anthem published in 1836 Until well into the twentieth century, Finns responded strongly to the idealistic and political idealism of "Fanrik
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Stals sagner" and "Vart land." Runeberg was promptly elevated to the status of "national poet." He was a conservative and moderate nationalist and loyal to the powers that be. The main concern of the authorities was to prevent the emergence of radical ideas; the revolutionary spirit of the Marseillaise was finding some support in Finland at the time. "Vart land" helped appease the patriotic yearnings of the students, and the bloodshed seen in other parts of Europe was averted in Finland Several composers had already attempted to set Runeberg's lofty poem before Pacius, a German-born composer and music lecturer at the University of Helsinki, but his was the first version to gain widespread popularity. The composer himself conducted the university choir in a slow, majestic first performance, andante maestoso, which moved the crowd to tears. Pacius's tune was later also adopted for "Mu isamaa" ("My Country"), the Estonian national anthem from 1920 to 1940 and again since 1990. The historians like to say that Finland was born on Flora's Day. 13 May 1848. Fredrik Cygnaeus, chairman of the student body at the University of Helsinki, made the main speech at the celebration, concluding with the toast "To Finland." At the end the audience, several hundred strong, jubilantly joined in with "Vart land." For the first time, the idea of a distinct Finnish national identity had been put forward. "Vart land" rapidly won general acceptance as an expression of patriotic sentiment, especially after Paavo Eemil Cajander published his polished Finnish translation ("Maamme") toward the end of the 19th century. Finnish Words
1

Swedish Words
1

English Translation 1 Our land, our land, our fatherland. Sound loud, O name of worth! No mount that meets the heaven's band. No hidden vale, no wave-washed strand. Is loved, as is our native North. Our own forefathers' earth.

Oi maamme Suomi, synnyinmaa, Soi, sana kultainen! Ei laaksoa ei kukkulaa, Ei vetta, rantaa rakkaampaa Kuin kotimaa taa pohjoinen. Maa kallis isien.

Vart land, vart land, vart fosterland, Ljud hbgt, o dyra ord! Ej lyfts en hbjd mot himlens rand. Ej sanks en dal. ej skoljs en strand, Mer alskad an var bygd i nord. An vara faders jord.

Sun kukoistukses kuorestaan Kerrankin puhkeaa; Viel' lempemme saa nousemaan. Sun toivos, riemus loistossaan, Ja kerran laulus, synnyinmaa. Korkeemman kaiun saa.

Dm blomning. sluten an i knopp. Skall mogna ur sitt tvang; Se, ur var karlek skall ga opp Ditt ljus, din glans. din frbjd. ditt hopp, Och hogra klinga skall en gang Var fosterlandska sang.

Thy blossom, in the bud laid low. Yet ripened shall upspring. See! From our love once more shall grow Thy light, thy joy. thy hope, thy glow! And clearer yet one day shall ring The song our land shall sing

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France
Republique Frangaise (French Republic)
Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe Area: 211,208 sq. mi. (547,030 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 59,765,983 Capital/Largest City: Paris (pop. 10,150,000) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $1.54 trillion, $25,700 per capita Monetary Unit: Euro

La Marseillaise (The Song of Marseille)

Lyrics and Music: Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle (1760-1836). Adopted: 1795.

Historical Background1
The French national anthem was not written in Marseille, but in Strasbourg, in the fever of the Revolution, on 24 April 1792, by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle. At a banquet in honor of the officers who were to take part in France's campaign against Austria, Captain Rouget de Lisle was commissioned to write a marching song for the soldiers leaving for the front. It was originally known as the "War Song of the Army of the Rhine." The tune quickly spread throughout France, thanks mainly to a student from Montpellier, Francois Mireur, who obtained a score of the anthem. He sang it at the end of a banquet that the city of Marseille was giving in honor of the 500 volunteers about to depart for Paris. The volunteers also sang it as they entered Paris in July 1792. The song aroused great enthusiasm in the capital and became known as the "Marseillaise." Declared the national anthem on 14 July 1795, then banned under the Empire and the Restoration, "La Marseillaise" was reinstated by the July Revolution of 1830. Hector Berlioz orchestrated the music, dedicating his composition to Rouget de Lisle. The Third Republic (1879) established it as the French national anthem, and in 1887 an "official version" was adopted by the ministry of war following the recommendation of a specially-appointed commission. Its status was reaffirmed in the 1946 and 1958 Constitutions. In 1974, the newly elected President Giscard d'Estaing wanted the performance of the work to reflect its origins more closely and ordered it to be played at a slower
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France

tempo. The version played at official ceremonies today, however, is still adapted from the 1887 version. French Words (First and Sixth Verses, Seven Total) English Translation (First and Sixth Verses, Seven Total)
1

1
Allons enfants de la Patrie, Le jour de gloire est arrive! Centre nous de la tyrannic! Uetendard sanglant est leve (repeat) Entendez-vous dans nos campagnes Mugir ces feroces soldats? Us viennent jusque dans vos bras. Egorger vos fils et vos compagnes! CHORUS Aux armes citoyens! Formez vos bataillons! Marchons! marchons! Qu'un sang impur Abreuve nos sillons!

Arise children of the motherland, Our day of glory has arrived! Over us, the bloodstained banner Of tyranny holds sway! (repeat) Oh, do you hear there in our fields The roar of these ferocious soldiers? Who came right here in our midst To slaughter our sons and wives. CHORUS To arms, oh citizens! Form up in serried ranks! March on, march on! May their impure blood Flow in our fields!

6
Amour sacre de la Patrie, Conduis, soutiens nos bras vengeurs Liberte, Liberte cherie Combats avec tes defenseurs! (repeat) Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire Accoure a tes males accents Que tes ennemis expirants Voient ton triomphe et notre gloire! CHORUS

6
Sacred love of country, Lead and support our avenging arms Freedom, dear freedom, Fight along with those who defend you. (repeat) Under our flags, may victory Follow your manly accents; May your dying enemies See your triumph and our glory! CHORUS

France

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Gabon
Republique Gabonaise (Gabonese Republic)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 103,346 sq. mi. (267,667 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 1,233,353 Capital/Largest City: Libreville (pop. 419,596) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $6.7 billion, $5,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

La Concorde (The Concord)

Lyrics and Music: Georges Aleka Damas (1902-1982). Adopted: 1960. French Words CHORUS Uni dans la Concorde et la fraternite, Eveille-toi Gabon, une aurore se leve, Encourage 1'ardeur qui vibre et nous souleve! C'est enfin notre essor vers la felicite. (repeat)
1

English Translation CHORUS United in concord and brotherhood. Awake, Gabon, dawn is at hand. Stir up the spirit that thrills and inspires us! At last we rise up to attain happiness. (repeat)
1

Eblouissant et fier, le jour sublime monte Pourchassant a jamais rinjustice et la honte. Qu'il monte, monte encore et calme nos alarmes, Qu'il prone la vertu et repousse les armes. CHORUS

Dazzling and proud, the sublime day dawns, Dispelling for ever injustice and shame May it still advance and calm our fears, May it promote virtue and banish warfare CHORUS
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2

Gabon
2

Oui que le temps heureux reve par nos ancetres Arrive enfm chez nous, rejouisse les etres, Et chasse les sorciers, ces perfides trompeurs. Qui semaient le poison et repandaient la peur. CHORUS
3

Yes, may the happy days of which our ancestors dreamed Come for us at last, rejoicing our hearts, And banish the sorcerers, those perfidious deceivers Who sowed poison and spread fear. CHORUS
3

Afm qu'aux yeux du monde et des nations amies Le Gabon inunortel reste digne d'envie, Oublions nos querelles, ensemble batissons U edifice nouveau au quel tous nous revons. CHORUS
4

So that, in the eyes of the world and of friendly nations, The immortal Gabon may maintain her good repute, Let us forget our quarrels, let us build together The new structure of which we all have dreamed. CHORUS
4

Des bords de TOcean au coeur de la foret, Demeurons vigilants, sans faiblesse et sans haine! Autour de ce drapeau, qui vers 1'honneurs nous mene, Saluons la Patrie et chantons sans arret!

From the shores of the Ocean to the heart of the forest, Let us remain vigilant, without weakness and without hatred! Around this flag which leads us to honor, Let us salute the Fatherland and ever sing!

CHORUS

CHORUS

Gabon

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Gabon

Gabon

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The Gambia Republic of The Gambia

Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 4,093 sq. mi. (11,300 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 1,455,842 Capital/Largest City: Banjul (pop. 44,188) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $2.5 billion, $1,770 per capita Monetary Unit: Dalasi

For The Gambia, Our Homeland

Lyrics: Virginia Julie Howe (b. 1927). Music: Jeremy Frederick Howe (b. 1929). Adopted: 1965.

Historical Background
The anthem of this country was adapted from a traditional Mandinka song by Jeremy Frederick Howe in 1964. Words For The Gambia, our homeland We strive and work and pray, That all may live in unity. Freedom and peace each day. Let justice guide our actions Towards the common good, And join our diverse peoples To prove man's brotherhood. We pledge our firm allegiance, Our promise we renew; Keep us, great God of nations, To The Gambia ever true.

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The Gambia

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The Gambia

Georgia
Sakartvelo

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Caucasus Area: 26,900 sq. mi. (69,700 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 4,960,951 Capital/Largest City: Tbilissi (pop. 1,279,000) Official Language: Georgian GDP/PPP: $15 billion, $3,100 per capita Monetary Unit: Lari

Dideba

(Praise)
Lyrics and Music: Kote Potskhverashvili (1889-1959). Adopted: 1991. Georgian Words
1

Georgian Words (Transliteration)

1

English Translation
1

Dideba zetsit kurtheuls, Dideba kvehnad samotkhes, Turpha iversa. Dideba dzmobas, ertohas. Dideba tavisuplebas, Dideba samaradiso Kartulmkhne ersa!

Praise be to the heavenly Bestower of Blessings, Praise be to paradise on earth. To the radiant Georgians, Praise be to brotherhood and to unity. Praise be to liberty, Praise be to the everlasting, lively Georgian people!

Dideba chvensa samshoblos, Dideba chveni sitsotskhlis,

249

Praise be to our fatherland, Praise be to the great and bright aim

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Georgia

Mizans diadsa; Vasha trphobasa, sikvaruls. Vasha shvebasa, siharuls. Salami chesh maritebis. Shuk gantia dsa!

of our lives; Hail, O joy and love, Hail helpfulness and happiness, Greetings to the truth, that light ol dawn!

Georgia

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Germany Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Federal Republic of Germany)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Central Europe Area: 137,826 sq. mi. (357,021 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 83,251,851 Capital/Largest City: Berlin (pop. 3,471,418) Official Language: German GDP/PPP: $2.184 trillion, $26,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Euro

Lied der Deutschen (Song of Germany)

Lyrics: August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben (1798-1874). Music: Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809). Adopted: 1922.

Historical Background1
The "official" name of the German national anthem is "Lied der Deutschen," or, simply, the "Deutschlandlied." The song is often called "Deutschland iiber Alles," simply because those are the opening words of the first stanza. It is virtually unknown today that the expression "iiber alles," or "over all," refers not to the conquest or enslavement of other countries or the establishment-of German hegemony over other peoples but, rather, to a call for all Germans to abandon their concept of being a subject or citizen of this or that principality or region (such as Bavaria or Prussia) and to realize the common bond they had with one another by simply being German. This concept was considered "revolutionary" at the time the words were written in 1841, since loyalty to "Germany" was considered by the princelings and kings of the disunited Reich (divided into forty-plus separate states) to be disloyal to themselves. This "all-German" idea was suspect because it was also associated with the rising middle classes and their suppressed Frankfurt assembly of 1848. The song's words were penned by the teacher August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, who had been a fervent supporter of German unity and republican government, and, who, because of his activities on behalf of these causes, was forced to flee to the North Sea island of Heligoland, where the verses were actually written. The music is taken from the String Quartet in C major (the Kaiser-Quartet), Op. 76, 3 of Franz Joseph Haydn, composed in 1797. It was officially
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253

ignored during most of the Second Reich (1871 to 1918), which had no official anthem as such. The "Deutschlandlied's" real popularity began with World War I, when it was sung on the battlefield by young soldiers from every Gau of the Reich who were thrown together against a common foe. Ironically, the song did not become the official national anthem until declared so by President Ebert of the Weimar Republic in March 1922. Not surprisingly, during the next European War, the words "iiber alles" were ruthlessly exploited by Allied propagandists. Banned after 1945 by the victors, the "Deutschlandlied" is again the German national anthem, but only the third stanza is used The first stanza is absolutely verboten, since it refers to the traditional ethnographic boundaries of Germany ("from the Maas [in Belgium] to the Memel [between the present day Kaliningrad area of Russia and Lithuania], from the Etsch [on the Austro-Italian border] to the Belt [in Denmark]"). Likewise, the propagandistic mistranslation of the words "iiber alles" has now become accepted "truth," thus precluding their use. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, proposals were made to combine the hymns of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic (GDR, the anthem of which was an officially commissioned postwar piece by the communist poet Johannes R. Becher and leftist composer Hans Eisler) to create a "unified" national anthem. At that point, musicologists made the ironic discovery that, in terms of rhythm and meter, the words of the former GDR's anthem "Auferstanden aus Ruinen" (perhaps not accidentally) fit the musical score of the "Deutschlandlied" perfectly! German Words Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Fur das deutsche Vaterland. Danach lafit uns alle streben, Briiderlich mit Herz und Hand. Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Sind des Gliickes Unterpfand Bliih' im Glanze dieses Gliickes, Bliihe deutsches Vaterland. (repeat previous two lines) English Translation Unity and right and freedom For the German fatherland; Let us all pursue this purpose Brotherly with heart and hand. Unity and right and freedom Are the pledge of happiness Flourish in this blessing's glory, Flourish, German fatherland (repeat previous two lines)

Germany

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Ghana Republic of Ghana

Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 92,100 sq. mi. (239.460 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 20,244,154 Capital/Largest City: Accra (pop. 949,100) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $39.4 billion, $1,980 per capita Monetary Unit: Cedi

Hail the Name of Ghana

Lyrics: Government Committee. Music: Phillip Gbeho (1905-1976). Adopted: 1957.

Historical Background
This anthem was written by a government committee in 1957, when the country gained independence from Britain. The lyrics were changed in 1966, when a coup overthrew the former government. Words 1 God bless our homeland Ghana, And make our nation great and strong, Bold to defend for ever The cause of freedom and of right; Fill our hearts with true humility. Make us cherish fearless honesty, And help us to resist oppressors' rule With all our will and might for evermore. (repeat previous two lines) Hail to thy name, O Ghana, To thee we make our solemn vow: Steadfast to build together

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Ghana
2

A nation strong in unity; With our gifts of mind and strength of arm, Whether night or day, in mist or storm, In ev'ry need, whate'er the call may be, To serve thee, O Ghana, now and evermore. (repeat previous two lines)
3

Raise high the flag of Ghana And one with Africa advance; Black star of hope and honor To all who thirst for liberty; Where the banner of Ghana freely flies, May the way to freedom truly lie; Arise, arise, O sons of Ghanaland, And under God march on for evermore! (repeat previous two lines)

Ghana

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Greece
Elliniki Dimokratia (Hellenic Republic)
Quick Country Facts Location: Southern Europe, Balkan Peninsula Area: 50,961 sq. mi. (131,940 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 10,645,343 Capital/Largest City: Athens (pop. 3,000,000) Official Language: Greek GDP/PPP: $201.1 billion, $19,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Drachma

Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian (Hymn to Freedom)

Lyrics: Dionysios Solomos (1798-1857). Music: Nikolaos Mantzaros (1795-1872). Adopted: 1960.

Historical Background1
The Greek anthem is based on the "Hymn to the Freedom," a large158 strophespoem written by Dionysios Solomos, a distinguished poet from Zakynthos Island. It was inspired by the Greek Revolution of 1821 against the Ottoman Empire. During 1828, the eminent musician from Kerkyra Island, Nikolaos Mantzaros, composed the music for Solomos's hymn. Although King Othon (Otto) decorated both of them for their work (1845 and 1849), he did not think (or, maybe, did not want) to replace the Royal Anthem of that time with the Solomos/Mantzaros hymn. The former anthem was a musical derivative from the German one, with a text glorifying Othon. After the overthrow of the dynasty, the new King George I and the Greek establishment decided to neglect the fashion of that timeto use the royal anthems also as nationaland looked for a clearly Greek work, both with respect to the poetry and the music. The "Hymn to the Freedom" was readily thereextremely popular since the Revolution times, often recited or sung during patriotic meetings and celebrations. "Eleftheria"the Freedomis a female word
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and also a popular female name in Greece. Solomos's Eleftheria is not as erotic and earthly as the Delacroix Liberty. It rather reminds one of an exiled ancient goddess, which Solomos identifies with Greece itself. A majestic and demanding goddess, an object of respect and admiration rather than of belief and passion. She has to be imperative, as the poet reviews the whole history of the Greek Revolution, comments on the negative attitude of the Great Forces, describes the pains and the offerings of the rebels, criticizes their dissensions, calls for unanimity and consolidationalways pointing to Eleftheriathe major human value. The Greek Anthem was written by a man of only twenty-five years. The Greeks deeply love and respect their emotionally youthful anthem. The unusual 6/4 tempo of the Mantzaros music points clearly to the most manly traditional dance of the Greeks Greek Words(First verse,158 Total Greek Words (Transliteration, First Verse, 158 Total) Se gnoriso apo tin kopsi. Tou spathiou tin tromeri, Se gnoriso apo tin opsi Pou me via metra tin yi. Ap' ta kokala vialmeni Ton Ellinon ta iera, Ke san prota andriomeni, Haire, o haire, Eleftheria! repeat previous two lines tow times (repeat previous two lines two times) English Translation (First Verse, 158 Total)2 We knew thee of old. Oh, divinely restored, By the lights of thine eyes And the light of thy sword From the graves of our slain Shall thy valor prevail As we greet thee againHail, liberty! Hail! (repeat previous two lines two times)

Greece

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Greece

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Grenada
Quick Country Facts Location: North America, Caribbean Sea Area: 133 sq. mi. (344 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 89,211 Capital/Largest City: St. George's (pop. 4,439) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $424 million, $4,750 per capita Monetary Unit: East Caribbean Dollar

Hail! Grenada
Lyrics: Irva Merle Baptiste (b. 1924). Music: Louis Arnold Masanto Jr. (b. 1938). Adopted: 1974. Words Hail! Grenada, land of ours. We pledge ourselves to thee. Heads, hearts and hands in unity To reach our destiny. Ever conscious of God, Being proud of our heritage, May we with faith and courage Aspire, build, advance As one people, one family. God bless our nation.

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Grenada

Guatemala Repiiblica de Guatemala (Republic of Guatemala)

Quick Country Facts Location: Central America Area: 42,042 sq. mi. (108,890 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 13,314,079 Capital/Largest City: Guatemala City (pop. 1,150,452) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $48.3 billion, $3,700 per capita Monetary Unit: Quetzal

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Jose Joaquin Palma (1844-1911). Music: Rafael Alvarez Ovalle (1860-1948). Adopted: 1896.

Historical Background
The music to the Guatemalan anthem came into being as a result of a competition held by the government after the Future Literary Society failed to find a suitable composition to the lyrics of the "Popular Hymn," written by the famous poet Ramon P. Molina. The composer Rafael Alvarez Ovalle won the competition, and, thus, his music and Molina's verses became an unofficial anthem used by the government during important occasions for many years It was not until 1896, during the administration of General Reina Barrios, that a new contest was held for both the music and the words. Ovalle's former composition was chosen unanimously by the panel. The author of the winning words refused to disclose his name, and remained anonymous until 1911, when it was discovered that he was the Cuban poet Jose Joaquin Palma The new national anthem was first performed at the Teatro Colon on Sunday night, 14 March 1897, as part of the Central American Exhibition, hi 1934, during the dictatorial reign of Jorge Ubico, the anthem was modified by Jose Maria Borulla Ruano, who greatly embellished some verses while smoothing out others. The change went into effect by executive decree on 26 July 1934

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Guatemala

Spanish Words (First Verse and Chorus, 4 Verses and Choruses Total) 1 j Guatemala feliz! que tus aras no profane jamas el verdugo; ni haya esclavos que laman el yugo ni tiranos que escupan tu faz. Si mafiana tu suelo sagrado lo amenaza invasion extranjera, libre al viento tu hennosa bandera a veneer o a morir llamara CHORUS 1 Libre al viento tu hermosa bandera a veneer o a morir llamara; que tu pueblo con anima fiera antes muerto que esclavo sera.

English Translation (First Verse and Chorus, 4 Verses and Choruses Total) 1 Fortunate Guatemala! May your altars Never be profaned by cruel men. May there never be slaves who submit to their yoke, Or tyrants who deride you. If tomorrow your sacred soil Should be threatened by foreign invasion, Your fair flag, flying freely in the wind, Will call to you: Conquer or die. CHORUS 1 Your fair flag, flying freely in the wind, Will call to you: Conquer or die; For your people, with heart and soul, Would prefer death to slavery.

Guatemala

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Guinea
Republique de Guinee (Republic of Guinea)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 94,925 sq. mi. (245,857 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 7,775,065 Capital/Largest City: Conakry (pop. 1,508,000) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $15 billion, $1,970 per capita Monetary Unit: Guinean Franc

Liberte (Liberty)
Music: Fodeba Keita (1925-1970). French Words Peuple d'Afrique! Le Passe historique! Que chante 1'hymne de la Guinee fiere et jeune Illustre epopee de nos freres Morts au champ d'honneur en liberant 1'Afrique! Le peuple de Guinee prechant 1'unite Appelle 1'Afrique. Liberte! C'est la voix d'un peuple Qui appelle tous ses freres a se retrouver. Liberte! C'est la voix d'un peuple Qui appelle tous ses freres de la grande Afrique. Batissons 1'unite africaine dans 1'independance retrouvee. English Translation People of Africa! The historic past! Sing the hymn of a Guinea proud and young Illustrious epic of our brothers Who died on the field of honor while liberating Africa! The people of Guinea, preaching unity. Call to Africa. Liberty! The voice of a people Who call all her brothers to find their way again. Liberty! The voice of a people Who call all her brothers of a great Africa. Let us build African unity in a newly found independence!

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270

Guinea-Bissau Repiiblica da Guine-Bissau (Republic of Guinea-Bissau)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 13,948 sq. mi. (36,120 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 1,345,479 Capital/Largest City: Bissau (pop. 200,000) Languages. Portuguese, Portuguese Criolo GDP/PPP: $1.2 billion, $900 per capita Monetary Unit: Guinea-Bissau Peso

E Patria Amada (This Is Our Beloved Country)

Lyrics and Music: Amilcar Lopes Cabral (1924-1973). Adopted: 1975.

Historical Background
The words and music to this song were written in 1963 by the famous revolutionary Amilcar Lopes Cabral, who struggled for the independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape \ferde. Portuguese Words 1 Sol, suor e o verde e mar, Seculos de dor e esperanca! Esta e a terra dos nossos avos! Fruto das nossas maos. Da flor do nosso sangue Esta e a nossa patria amada. CHORUS English Translation
1

Sun, sweat, verdure and sea, Centuries of pain and hope; This is the land of our ancestors. Fruit of our hands, Of the flower of our blood. This is our beloved country. CHORUS Long live our glorious country!
271

Viva a Patria gloriosa!

272

Guinea-Bissau

Floriu nos ecus a bandeira de luta. Avante, contra o jugo estrangeiro! Nos vamos construir Na patria imortal A paz e o progresso! (repeat previous three lines)

The banner of our struggle Has fluttered in the skies. Forward, against the foreign yoke! We are going to build Peace and progress In our immortal country! (repeat previous three lines)

Ramos do mesmo tronco. Olhos na mesma luz: Esta e a forca da nossa uniao! Cantem o mar e a terra A madrugada e o sol Que a nossa luta fecundou! CHORUS

Branches of the same trunk, Eyes in the same light; This is the force of our unity! The sea and the land, The dawn and the sun are singing That our struggle has borne fruit! CHORUS

Guinea-Bissau

273

^'4

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana Co-operative Republic of Guyana

Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 83,000 sq. mi. (214,970 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 698,209 Capital/Largest City: Georgetown (pop 248,500) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $2.5 billion, $3,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Guyana Dollar

National Anthem of Guyana

Lyrics: Archibald Leonard Luker (1917-1971). Music: Robert Cyril Gladstone Potter (1899-1981). Adopted: 1966.

Historical Background
This song was written by Archibald Leonard Luker in 1965 with music composed by Robert Cyril Gladstone Potter in 1966. It was adopted one month before Guyana obtained independence. Words
1 3

Dear land of Guyana, of rivers and plains, Made rich by the sunshine, and lush by the rains Set gemlike and fair, between mountains and sea, Your children salute you, dear land of the free.
2

Great land of Guyana, diverse though our strains, We are born of their sacrifice, heirs of their pains. And ours is the glory their eyes did not see, One land of six peoples, united and free.
4

Green land of Guyana, our heroes of yore, Both bondsmen and free, laid their bones on your shore. This soil so they hallowed, and from them are we. All sons of one mother, Guyana the free.

Dear land of Guyana, to you will we give, Our homage, our service, each day that we live. God guard you. Great Mother, and make us to be More worthy our heritage, land of the free.

275

Guyana

276

Haiti Republique d'Haiti Repiblik Dayti (Republic of Haiti)

Quick Country Facts Location: North America, Western Hispaniola Area: 10,714 sq. mi. (27,750 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 7,063,722 Capital/Largest City: Port-au-Prince (pop. 1,500,000) Languages: French, Creole GDP/PPP: $12 billion, $1,700 per capita Monetary Unit: Gourde

La Dessalinienne (The Song of Dessalines)

Lyrics: Justin Lherisson (1873-1907). Music: Nicolas Geffrard (1871-1930). Adopted: 1904.

Historical Background1
This anthem was written and composed in 1904 under the government of Nord Alexis to celebrate the centenary of Haiti's independence. The title of the song was named after Jean-Jacques Dessalines, the founding father of Haiti French Words
1

English Translation 1 March on! For ancestors and country, United march, united march; Loyal subjects all remain. And lords of our domain United march, March on! United march for ancestors and country, March on, united march, march on!
277

Pour le Pays, pour les Ancetres, Marchons unis, marchons unis, Dans nos rangs point de traitres! Du sol soyons seuls maitres. Marchons unis, marchons unis, Pour le Pays, pour les Ancetres. Marchons, marchons, marchons unis,

278

Haiti

Pour le Pays, pour les Ancetres.

Unite for ancestors and country!

2
Pour les Aieux, pour la Patrie Bechons joyeux, bechons joyeux; Quand le champ fructifie. L'ame se fortifie. Bechons joyeux, bechons joyeux, Pour les Aieux, pour la Patrie. Bechons, bechons, bechons joyeux, Pour les Aieux, pour la Patrie.
3

2
For sacred soil, for sires of old, We gladly toil, we gladly toil. When teem field and wold The soul is strong and bold. We gladly toil, we gladly toil, For sacred soil, for sires of old. We gladly, gladly, gladly toil, For sacred soil, for sires of old.
3

Pour le Pays et pour nos Peres, Formons des Fils, formons des Fils, Libres, forts et prosperes, Toujours nous serons freres, Formons des Fils, formons des Fils, Pour le Pays et pour nos Peres. Formons, formons, formons des Fils, Pour le Pays et pour nos Peres.
4

For land we love, and sires of old We give our sons, give our sons. Free, happy, and bold, One brotherhood we'll hold. We give our sons, we give our sons For land we love, and sires of old. We give, we give, we give our sons For land we love, and sires of old.
4

Pour les Aieux, pour la Patrie, O Dieu des Preux! O Dieu des Preux! Sous ta garde infinie, Prends nos droits, notre vie, O Dieu des Preux, O Dieu des Preux, Pour les Aieux, pour la Patrie. O Dieu, O Dieu, O Dieu des Preux, Pour les Aieux, pour la Patrie.

For those who gave, for country all, God of the brave, God of the brave, To thee, O God, we call; Without thee we must fall, God of the brave, God of the brave. For those who gave, for country all. O God, O God, O God of the brave For those who gave, for country all.

5
Pour le Drapeau, pour la Patrie, Mourir est beau! mourir est beau! Notre passe nous crie: Ayez Tame aguerrie. Mourir est beau, mourir est beau Pour le Drapeau, pour la Patrie!

5
For flag on high, for Native land

'Tis fine to die, 'tis fine to die.

Our traditions demand Be ready, heart and hand,

'Tis fine to die, 'tis fine to die

For flag on high, for native land.

Haiti

279

Mourir, mourir, mourir est beau Pour le Drapeau, pour la Patrie!

Tis fine, 'tis fine, 'tis fine to die. For flag on high, for native land

Haiti

280

Honduras
Republica de Honduras (Republic of Honduras)
Quick Country Facts Location: Central America Area: 43,872 sq. mi. (112,090 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 6,560,608 Capital/Largest City: Tegucigalpa (pop. 1,500,000) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $17 billion, $2,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Lempira

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Augusto Constancio Coello Estevez (1884-1941). Music: Carlos Hartling (1869-1920). Adopted: 1915.

Historical Background
This anthem was written by the Honduran statesman Augusto Constancio Coello Estevez in 1903 The music was composed that same year by Carlos Hartling, a military band director of German origin. On 15 November 1915, during the administration of Dr Alberto Membreno, the song was declared the national anthem by Decree No 42. Spanish Words (First and Seventh Verses, 7 Total) CHORUS Tu bandera, tu bandera es un lampo de cielo For un bloque, por un bloque de nieve cruzado; Y se ven en su fondo sagrado Cinco estrellas de palido azul; En tu emblema, que un mar rumoroso Con sus ondas bravias escuda, De un volcan, de un volcan tras la cima desnuda, Hay un astro, hay un astro de nitida luz English Translation (First and Seventh Verses, 7 Total) CHORUS Your flag is a splendor of sky Crossed with a band of snow; And there can be seen, in its sacred depths, Five pale blue stars. In your emblem, which a rough sea With its wild waves protects, Behind the bare summit of a volcano, A star brightly shines
281

282
1

Honduras

1
Like an Indian maiden you were sleeping, Lulled by the resonant song of your seas, When, set in your golden valleys, The bold navigator found you; And on seeing, enraptured, your beauty, And feeling your enchantment, He dedicated a kiss of love to the blue hen Of your splendid mantle. CHORUS
7

India virgen y hermosa dormias De tus mares al canto sonoro, Cuando echada en tus cuencas de oro El audaz navegante te hallo; Y al mirar tu belleza extasiado, Al influjo ideal de tu encanto, La orla azul de tu esplendido manto Con su beso de amor consagro. CHORUS
7

For guardar ese emblema divino Marcharemos, joh patria!, a la muerte; Generosa sera nuestra suerte Si monmos pensando en tu amor. Defendiendo tu santa bandera. Y en sus pliegues gloriosos cubiertos, Seran muchos, Honduras, tus muertos, Pero todos caeran con honor! CHORUS

To guard this sacred emblem We shall march, oh fatherland, to our death; Our death will be honored If we die thinking of your love. Having defended your holy flag, And shrouded in its glorious folds, Many, Honduras, shall die for you, But all shall fall in honor. CHORUS

Honduras

283

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Honduras

Honduras

285

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Honduras

Hungary Magyar Koztarsasag (Republic of Hungary)

Quick Country Facts Location: Central Europe Area: 35,919 sq. mi. (93,030 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 10,075,034 Capital/Largest City: Budapest (pop. 2,008,546) Official Language: Magyar GDP/PPP: $134.7 billion, $13,300 per capita Monetary Unit: Forint

Himnusz (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Ferenc Kolcsey (1790-1838). Music: Ferenc Erkel (1810-1893). Adopted: 1844.

Historical Background1
The text of the Hungarian national anthem was written in 1823 by Ferenc Kolcsey, one of the great poets of the age of reform. It was first published in 1828 under the title "Hymn " The music was composed by the composer and conductor Ferenc Erkel in 1844, when he won a contest to compose the national anthem. It was first performed in the National Theater in Pest in 1844 but only adopted officially as the national anthem in 1903. The "Hymn" has eight stanzas, although only the first is normally played or sung on official occasions. Magyar Words
1

English Translation 1 O my God, the Magyar bless With Thy plenty and good cheer! With Thine aid his just cause press. Where his foes to fight appear. Fate, who for so long didst frown,
287

Isten. aldd meg a magyart Jo kedwel, boseggel, Nyiijts feleje vedo kart, Ha kiizd ellenseggel; Bal sors akit regen tep,

288

Hungary

Hozz ra vig esztendot, Megbunhodte mar e nep A multat s jovendot!

2

Bring him happy times and ways; Atoning sorrow hath weighed down Sins of past and future days.
2

Oseinket felhozad Karpat szent bercere, Altalad nyert szep hazat Bendeguznak vere. S merre ziignak habjai Tiszanak, Dunanak, Arpad hos magzatjai Felviragozanak.
3

By Thy help our fathers gained Karpat's proud and sacred height; Here by Thee a home obtained Heirs of Bendeguz, the knight. Where're Danube's waters flow And the streams of Tisza swell, Arpad's children, Thou dost know, Flourished and did prosper well.
3

Ertiink Kunsag mezein Ert kalaszt lengettel. Tokaj szolovesszein Nektart csepegtettel. Zaszlonk gyakran plantalad Vad torok sancara, S nyogte Matyas bus hadat Becsnek btiszke vara.
4

For us let the golden grain Grow upon the fields of Kun, And let nectar's silver rain Ripen grapes of Tokay soon. Thou our flags hast planted o'er Forts where once wild Turks held sway; Proud Vienna suffered sore From King Matyas' dark array.
4

Hajh, de buneink miatt Gyiilt harag kebledben, 5 elsujtad villamidat Dorgo fellegedben, Most rablo mongol nyilat Zugattad feletriink, Majd toroktol rabigat Vallainkra vettiink.
5

But, alas! for our misdeed, Anger rose within Thy breast, And Thy lightnings Thou didst speed From Thy thundering sky with zest. Now the Mongol arrow flew Over our devoted heads; Or the Turkish yoke we knew, Which a free-born nation dreads.
5

Hanyszor zengett ajkain Ozman vad nepenek Vert hadunk csonthalmain Gyozedelmi enek!

Oh, how often has the voice Sounded of wild Osman's hordes, When in songs they did rejoice O'er our heroes' captured swords!

Hungary

289

Hanyszor tamadt tenfiad Szep hazam kebledre, 5 lettel magzatod miatt Magzatod hamwedre!
6

Yea, how often rose thy sons, My fair land, upon thy sod, And thou gavest to these sons, Tombs within the breast they trod!
6

Biijt az uldozbtt s fele Kard nyiil barlangjaban. Szerte nezett s nem lele Honjat a hazaban, Bercre hag es vblgybe szall, Bu s ketseg mellette. Verbzbn labainal, S langtenger fblbtte.
7

Though in caves pursued he lie, Even there he fears attacks. Coming forth the land to spy, Even a home he finds he lacks. Mountain, valego where he would, Grief and sorrow all the same Underneath a sea of blood While above a sea of flame
7

Var allott, most kohalom, Kedv es brbm rbpkedtek, Halalhorges, siralom Zajlik mar helyettek S ah, szabadsag nem vinil A holtnak verebol, Kinzo rabsag konnye hull Arvank ho szemebol!
8

'Neath the fort, a ruin now, Joy and pleasure erst were found, Only groans and sighs, I trow, In its limits now abound But no freedom's flowers return From the spilt blood of the dead, And the tears of slavery burn, Which the eyes of orphans shed.
8

Szand meg isten a magyart Kit veszek hanyanak, Nyiijts feleje vedo kart Tengeren kinjanak. Bal sors akit regen tep. Hozz ra vig esztendot. Megbiinhodte mar e nep A multat s jb'vendot!

Pity, God, the Magyar, then. Long by waves of danger tossed; Help him by Thy strong hand when He on grief's sea may be lost. Fate, who for so long did frown, Bring him happy times and ways; Atoning sorrow hath weighed down All the sins of all his days.

Hungary

290

Iceland
Lyoveldio Island (Republic of Iceland)
Quick Country Facts Location: Northwest Europe, Atlantic Ocean, Scandinavia Area: 39,709 sq. mi. (103,000 sq. km.) Population (2000 est.): 279,384 Capital/Largest City: Reykjavik (pop. 103,036) Official Language: Icelandic GDP/PPP: $7.7 billion, $27,100 per capita Monetary Unit: Icelandic Krona
f

Lofsongur (Song of Praise)

Lyrics: Matthias Jochumsson (1835-1920). Music: Sveinbjorn Sveinbjornsson (1847-1926). Adopted: 1874.

Historical Background1
The Icelandic national anthem was in origin a hymn written for a particular occasion; it probably did not occur to either the poet or the composer that there might be in store for it the destiny of becoming a national anthem, for more than a generation elapsed before this came about. The year 1874 marked the millenary anniversary of the settlement in Iceland of the first Norseman, Ingolfur Arnarson. In the summer of that year there were celebrations throughout the country to commemorate this event, the chief ceremonies being held at Thingvellir, the place of assembly of the ancient parliament of the people ("Althingi"), and in Reykjavik. It was for this occasion that the hymn was written, hence the words "Iceland's thousand years," which recur in all three verses, compare with the title of the original edition of the poem and the music (Reykjavik, 1874), which was "A Hymn in Commemoration of Iceland's Thousand Years." By an order in council of the 8 September 1873 it was decreed that sendees should be held in all Icelandic churches to commemorate the millenary anniversary of the first settlement in Iceland, and it was left to the Bishop of Iceland to decide upon a day and the choice of a text for the sendee. In the autumn of the same year. Bishop Petur Petursson announced that the day for the service was to be 2 August and the chosen text Psalm 90, w. 1-4 and 12-17. This decision led to the Icelandic national anthem being composed and its theme was suggested by the chosen text.
291

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Iceland About the same time as the bishop's letter was sent out, the Rev. Matthias Jochumsson set off on the third of his

eleven trips abroad. He was the son of a poor farmer with a large family and did not go to school until a comparatively late age, by the aid of people who had been impressed by his talent. After graduating from the Theological School in Reykjavik, he took orders and was appointed to a small living in the neighborhood of the town. This he resigned in the autumn of 1873, whilst in a state of mental distress over the loss of his second wife and being, at the time, as so often in his early life, torn by an inner religious struggle. For the next few years he was editor of the oldest weekly periodical in Iceland, afterwards resuming his office as clergyman, and held two maj, or livings, successively until the turn of the century when he became the first Icelander to receive a pension from the Icelandic Parliament, which he held for the remaining twenty years of his life. Matthias Jochumsson was one of the most comprehensive, inspired, eloquent, yet prolific and uneven major Icelandic poets of any age. He was best known and will be longest remembered for the finest of his own poems and for his masterly translations of various major works of world literature, and for his many and spirited essays and letters. More than anyone else he had earned the honored title of "Icelandic national poet." The poem was written in Great Britain during the winter of 1873-1874, the first verse in Edinburgh, the remaining two, which, however, Jochumsson himself never estimated highly, in London. At that time only a decade had passed since he had attracted nationwide notice by his poetry, and yet another ten years went by before a separate volume of poems by him was to appear. The composer of the tune was Sveinbjorn Sveinbjornsson; his lot was very different from that of Jochumsson. He was the son of one of the highest officials in the countrythe president of the Superior Court of Justiceand spent the greater part of his life abroad. He took a degree in divinity and later became the first Icelander to make music his career. He had finished a five years' musical education in Copenhagen, Edinburgh, and Leipzig and had just settled down as a music master and pianist in Edinburgh when Jochumsson came there in the autumn of 1873 to stay with him, for they were old school friends despite a twelve years' difference in age. When he had finished the opening verse of the hymn, Matthias showed it to Sveinbjornsson, and in his autobiography we find the following description of this scene: "After studying the words carefully, Sveinbjornsson professed his inability to set them to music; during the course of the winter I wrote repeatedly, pressing him to attempt the hymn. And at length, in the spring, the music arrived, reaching us at home just in time for the national celebrations." Sveinbjornsson lived in Edinburgh for most of the remainder of his life, except the last eight years, which he spent in Winnipeg, Reykjavik, and Copenhagen, where he died, sitting at his piano. From the time he wrote the tune for the national anthem until the end of his life he continued to compose different kinds of music. Among his works are to be found a number of excellent tunes written for Icelandic poems, in spite of the fact that he was most of the time in little direct contact with his native people; indeed he became earlier known as a composer in Britain than in his mother country, although his compositions are more in the style of Scandinavian than English music. Among the small band of Icelandic composers he was both among the pioneers and among those who had attained the greatest heights. Neither the words nor the melody of the anthem seem however to have attracted particular attention when it was sung by the choir during the commemoration services in the Cathedral at Reykjavik on Sunday, 2 August, 1874. On that day there were sung seven commemorative poems that Jochumsson had been commissioned to write, most of them composed in the course of a single daysuch could be his speed in writing poetry. But the anthem was one of the few poems he wrote for the celebrations of his own accord. From all parts of Iceland people flocked to the ceremony and dignitaries came from various European countries and from America. From Denmark came King Christian IX, the first

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293

of its sovereigns ever to visit the country. On this occasion he presented to his people a constitution containing important new reforms (such as the granting of legislative power and partial control over financial affairs). This was one of the stages in the gradual recovery of national independence which had been lost 1262-64; next came home rule (an Icelandic minister in charge of Icelandic affairs resident in Reykjavik) in 1904; fourteen years later Iceland became a sovereign state in union with Denmark (the king of Denmark being also king of Iceland); and, finally, came the foundation of a republic (with an Icelandic president) on 17 June 1944. While independence was still a thing of the distant future, there was no question of there being a national anthem in the usual sense. However, when Icelanders wished to sing in praise of their motherland, place of honor was during the nineteenth century given to "Eldgamla isafold" by Bjarni Thorarensen (1786-1841), written in Copenhagen, probably during 1808-1809 But there were two reasons why this could not become established as the national anthem despite its general popularity One was that apart from the first and final verses the poet's nostalgia finds expression there in taunts against Denmark, where the poet was then living A weightier reason, however, was that it was sung to the tune of the British national anthemalthough set originally, it seems, to a tune by Du Puy. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the song was often sung in public by choral societies. But it was not until during the period between home rule and independence, that is, from 1904-1918, that it became established by tradition as the national anthem. When sovereignty was officially proclaimed, it was played as the national anthem of Iceland at the ceremony, and such it has remained ever since. The Icelandic Government acquired the ownership of the copyright of the melody, which formerly had been held by a Danish music-publishing firm in 1948, and that of the words in 1949 Still, undeniably the song has its drawbacks as a national anthem. True, Icelanders do not much object to the poem on account of its being more in the manner of a hymn than a patriotic song. But the melody ranges over so wide a compass that it is not within everyone's power to sing. People, therefore, often turn to other patriotic songs when they wish to sing in praise of their country, and, especially, popular during the last few decades have been "tslandsvisur" ("Eg vil elska mitt land") by Jon Trausti (penname of Gudmundur Magnusson 1873-1918) sung to a tune by the Rev. Bjarni Thorsteinsson (1861-1938), and "Island ogrum skorid." a verse from a poem by Eggert Olafsson (1726-1768); the melody was by Sigvaldi Kaldalons (1881-1946) But neither these nor others have succeeded in ousting the "Lofsongur" from its place as the national anthem. Icelandic Words 1 O, gud vors lands! O. land vors gud, Ver lofum bin heilaga, heilaga nafn, Ur solkerfum nimnanna hnyta per krans binir herskarar, timanna safn. Fyrir per er einn dagur sem pusund ar og pusund ar dagur, ei meir: eitt eilifdar smablom med titrandi tar, sem tilbidur gud sinn og deyr. Islands pusund ar, (repeat) English Translation 1 Our country's God! Our country's God! We worship Thy name in its wonder sublime. The suns of the heavens are set in thy crown By thy legions, the ages of time! With Thee is each day as a thousand years. Each thousand of years, but a day. Eternity's flow'r, with its homage of tears. That reverently passes away. Iceland's thousand years! (repeat)

294 Eitt eilifdar smablom med titrandi tar, sem tilbidur gud sinn og deyr.
2

Iceland Eternity's flow'r, with its homage of tears, That reverently passes away.
2

6, gud. 6, gud! Ver folium fram og fornum ber brennandi, brennandi sal, gud fadir, vor drottinn fra kyni til kyns, og ver kvokum vort helgasta mal. Ver kvokum og bokkum i busund ar, bvi bu ert vort einasta skjol. Ver kvokum og bokkum med titrandi tar, bvi bu tilbjost vort forlagahjol. Islands busund ar, (repeat) voru morgunsins humkoldu, hrynjandi tar. sem hitna vid skinandi sol.
3

Our God, our God, we bow to Thee, Our spirits most fervent we place in thy care. Lord, God of our fathers from age unto age, We are breathing our holiest prayer. We pray and we thank Thee a thousand years For safely protected we stand; We pray and we bring Thee our homage of tears Our destiny rest in Thy hand. Iceland's thousand years (repeat) The hoarfrost of morning which tinted those years, Thy sun rising high, shall command!
3

6, gud vors lands! 6, lands vors gud! Ver lifum sem blaktandi, blaktandi stra. Ver deyjum, ef bu ert ei Ijos bad og lif, sem ad lyftir oss duftinu fra. 6, vert pii hvern morgun vort ljufasta lif, vor leidtogi i daganna braut og a kvoldin vor himneska hvild og vor hlif og vor hertogi a bjodlifsins braut. islands busund ar, (repeat) verdi groandi pjodlif med bverrandi tar, sem broskast a gudsrikis braut.

Our country's God! Our country's God! Our life is a feeble and quivering reed; We perish, deprived of Thy spirit and light To redeem and uphold in our need. Inspire us at mom with Thy courage and love, And lead through the days of our strife! At evening send peace from Thy heaven above, And safeguard our nation through life. Iceland's thousand years! (repeat) O, prosper our people, diminish our tears And guide, in Thy wisdom, through life!

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Iceland

India

Bharat Republic of India

Quick Country Facts Location: South Asia, Indian subcontinent Area: 1.229,737 sq. mi. (3,287,590 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 1,045,845.226 Capital: New Delhi (pop. 11.500.000) Largest City: Mumbai (pop. 17,850.000) Official Languages: Hindi. English GDP/PPP: $2.66 trillion. $2.540 per capita Monetary Unit: Rupee

Jana-Gana-Mana

(Thou Art the Ruler of All Minds)

Lyrics and Music: Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941). Adopted: 1950.

Historical Background1
The anthem, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore. was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the national anthem of India on 24 January 1950. It was first sung 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress The complete song consists of five stanzas Playing time of the full version is approximately fifty-two seconds. A short version consisting of first and last lines of the stanza (playing time approximately twenty seconds) is also played on certain occasions The lyrics were rendered into English by Tagore himself

297

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India

Hindi Words (Transliteration) Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka, Java he Bharata-bhagya-vidhata Punjab-Sindhu-Gujarata-Maratha Dra\'ida-Utkala-Banga llndhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga Uchchala-Jaladhi-taranga Tava shubha nama sejage Tava shubha ashish maange Gave tava jaya-gatha Jana-gana-mangala-dayakajaya he Bharata-bhagya-vidhata Java he, jaya he, jaya he Jaya jaya jaya, jaya he!

English Translation2 Thou art the rulers of the minds of all people, Dispenser of India's destiny. Thy name rouses the hearts of Punjab. Sind. Gujarat and Maratha. Of the Dravida and Orissa and Bengal; It echoes in the hills of the Vmdhyas and Himalayas, Mingles in the music of Yamuna and Ganga and is chanted by The waves of the Indian Sea. They pray for thy blessings and sing thy praise. The saving of all people waits in thy hand, thou dispenser of India's destiny. Victory, victory, victory to thee.

India

299

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India

Indonesia
Republik Indonesia (Republic of Indonesia)
Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Asia Area: 729,000 sq. mi. (1.919.440 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 231,328.092 Capital/Largest City: Jakarta (pop. 12.300.000) Official Language: Baliasa Indonesia GDP/PPP: $687 billion. $3,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Rupiah

Indonesia Raya (Great Indonesia)

Lyrics and Music: Wage Rudolf Supratman (1903-1938). Adopted: 1949.

Historical Background1
The song was composed in 1928 during Dutch colonial rule of the islands. "Divide and rule" was the policy of the day. which deliberately aggravated language, ethnic, cultural, and religious differences amongst the people The birth of "Indonesia Raya" marked the beginning of the Indonesian nationalist movements. The song was first introduced by its composer. Wage Rudolf Supratman. at the second All Indonesian Youth Congress on 28 October 1928 in Batavia. now Jakarta There. Indonesian youth of different backgrounds resolutely pledged allegiance to one native land. Indonesia, and one unified language, the Indonesian language. Soon the national song gained popularity. It was echoed at political rallies, where people stood in solemn observance The song seriously aroused national consciousness throughout the archipelago

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Indonesia

Bahasa Indonesia Words VERSE Indonesia tanah airku. Tanah tumpah darahku, Disanalah aku berdiri. Jadi pandu ibuku. Indonesia kebangsaanku. Bangsa dan tanah airku. Marilah kita berseru: "Indonesia bersatu!" Hiduplah tanahku. Hiduplah negeriku. Bangsaku. Rakyatku semuanya. Bangunlah jiwanya. Bangunlah badannya Untuk Indonesia Raya! CHORUS Indonesia Raya, merdeka, merdeka Tanahku, negeriku yang kucinta Indonesia Raya. merdeka. merdeka Hiduplah Indonesia Raya.

English Translation VERSE Indonesia, our native country. Our place of birth, Where we all arise to stand guard Over this our motherland. Indonesia our nationality. Our people and our country. Come then, let us all exclaim Indonesia united. Long live our land. Long live our state. Our nation, our people, and all Arise then, its spirit. Arise, its bodies For Great Indonesia CHORUS Indonesia the Great, independent and free. Our beloved country. Indonesia the Great, independent and free. Long live Indonesia the Great!

Indonesia

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Iran
Jomhoori-e-hlami-e-Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Near East Area: 636,293 sq. mi. (1,648,000 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 66,622,704 Capital/Largest City: Tehran (pop. 10,400,000) Official Language: Farsi Persian GDP/PPP: $456 billion, $7,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Rial

Sorood-e-Jomhoori-e-Islami-e-Iran (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran)

Music: Hassan Riahi (b. 1945). Adopted: 1990. Farsi Persian Words (Transliteration) Sar ZadAz Uftiq Mihr-i Hawaran Furug-i Dida-yi Haqq-Gawaran Bahman-Farci Iman-i Mast PayamatAy Imam Istiqal, Azadi-naqs-i Gan-i Mast Payanda Mani Wa Gawidan Jomhoori-e-Islami-e-Iran Upwards on the horizon rises the Eastern Sun. The sight of the true religion. Bahmanthe brilliance of our faith. Your message. O Imam. Of independence and freedom Is imprinted on our souls. O Martyrs! The time of your cries of
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English Translation

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Iran Pain rings in our ears. Enduring, continuing, eternal, The Islamic Republic of Iran.

Iran

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Iran
Jomhoori-e-hlami-e-Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Near East Area: 636,293 sq. mi. (1,648,000 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 66,622,704 Capital/Largest City: Tehran (pop. 10,400,000) Official Language: Farsi Persian GDP/PPP: $456 billion, $7,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Rial

Sorood-e-Jomhoori-e-Islami-e-Iran (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran)

Music: Hassan Riahi (b. 1945). Adopted: 1990. Farsi Persian Words (Transliteration) Sar ZadAz Uftiq Mihr-i Hawaran Furug-i Dida-yi Haqq-Gawaran Bahman-Farci Iman-i Mast PayamatAy Imam Istiqal, Azadi-naqs-i Gan-i Mast Payanda Mani Wa Gawidan Jomhoori-e-Islami-e-Iran Upwards on the horizon rises the Eastern Sun. The sight of the true religion. Bahmanthe brilliance of our faith. Your message. O Imam. Of independence and freedom Is imprinted on our souls. O Martyrs! The time of your cries of
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English Translation

306

Iran Pain rings in our ears. Enduring, continuing, eternal, The Islamic Republic of Iran.

Iran

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Iraq
al-Jumhouriya al- 'Iraqia Republic of Iraq

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Middle East Area: 167,920 sq. mi. (437,072 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 24,001,816 Capital/Largest City: Baghdad (pop. 4,850,000) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP: $59 billion, $2,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Iraqi Dinar

Historical Background1
In September 2000, Saddam Hussein directed Iraq's poets to come up with a new national anthem because he concluded that the current one was too heavy going. He believed they should "prepare an anthem which could be sung with enthusiasm by fighters on the battlefield, by the valiant men of anti-aircraft defense, by people at work, and by women going about their business." Saddam, quoted on Radio Free Europe, said that the words of the new anthem must be "short, so they may be sung on joyous occasions and not only during challenging times." He did not mention whether the current anthem would be dropped in favor of the new song. "We could have more than one anthem; the choice will be made after the new theme is put to music."

Anthem Not Available

308

Ireland
Poblacht na hEireann Republic of Ireland

Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, British Isles Area: 27.136 sq. mi. (70,280 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 3,883,159 Capital/Largest City: Dublin (pop. 1,056,666) Official Languages: Irish Gaelic, English GDP/PPP: $111.3 billion, $28,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Euro

Amhran na bhFiann The Soldier's Song

Irish Gaelic Lyrics: Liam O'Rinn. English Lyrics: Peadar Kearny (1883-1942). Music: Peadar Kearney and Patrick Heeney (1881-1911). Adopted: 1926.

Historical Background1
The Irish national anthem is "Amhran na bhFiann" or "The Soldier's Song," written in 1907 by Peadar Kearney, an uncle of writer Brendan Behan, who together with Patrick Heeney also composed the music. It was first published in the newspaper Irish Freedom in 1912 but was not widely known until it was sung both at the GPO during the Easter Rising of 1916 and, later, at various camps where republicans were interned. "Amhran na bhFiann" consisted of three stanzas and a chorus. The chorus was formally adopted as the National Anthem in 1926, displacing the earlier Fenian anthem, "God Save Ireland." An official Irish translation by Liam O'Rinn came later. A section of the national anthem (consisting of the first four bars followed by the last five) is also the Irish presidential salute. Irish Gaelic Words Sinne Fianna Fail, Ata fe gheall ag Eirinn, Buidhean dar sluagh tar ruinn do rainig chughainn: Famhoidh bheith saor, English Words Soldiers are we, whose lives are pledged to Ireland Some have come from a land beyond the wave. Sworn to be free, No more our ancient sireland
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Ireland

Sean-tir ar sinnsear feasta Ni fagfar fa'n tioran na fa'n trail; Anocht a theigeamh sa bhearna baoghail, Le gean ar Ghaeil chun bais no saoil Le gunna sgreach fa lamhach na pilear. Seo Libh canaidh amhran na bhFiann.

Shall shelter the despot or the slave; Tonight we man the Bearna Baoghal [gap of danger] In Erin's cause come woe or weal; 'Mid cannon's roar and rifle's peal We'll chant a soldier's song.

Ireland

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Ireland

Israel

Daulat Isra 'il State of Israel

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Middle East Area: 8,020 sq. mi. (20,770 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 5,842,454 Capital/Largest City: Tel Aviv (pop. 355,900) Languages: Hebrew, Arabic, English GDP/PPP: $122 billion, $19,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Shekel

Hatikvah (The Hope)

Lyrics: Naphtali Hera Imber (1856-1909). Music: Samuel Cohen or Nissan Belzer. Adopted: 1948.

Historical Background1
"Hatikvah," the Israeli national anthem, was never officially adopted. It has been attributed to Naphtali Herz Imber, but the song that is sung today bears little resemblance to the original poem written in 1878 and published in 1886. The poem was first published under the title of "Tikvatenu" ("Our Hope") in Imber's Barkai. The inspiration for the poem is said to have been the founding of the city of Petach Tikvah (Gateway of Hope) in Israel. Its themes were possibly influenced by Polish patriotic songs. In 1882, Imber went to Rishon L'Zion, where "Tikvatenu" was received with enthusiasm Samuel Cohen, who was living there at the time, put the poem to music based on an old
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Israel

Moldavian-Romanian folk song, "Carul cu Boi" ("Cart and Oxen") The Moldavian-born Cohen did not receive credit due to lack of a copyright on the melody. The wording went through a number of modifications over the years, reflecting changes of nationalistic ideas and customs. The words ;'Where David once lived" became "Zion and Jerusalem" in the chorus. The poem was cut to two verses and the chorus and the call was to be "a tree nation in our own land," not just to "live in the land of our fathers." The accent was switched to the Sephardic pronunciation. The melody was also corrected to fit the cadence and syllable stress of the new version. These changes can be traced through the various printed editions of the work such as the one from the Hebrew Publishing Company of 1909. The first competition for the national anthem of a Jewish nation was announced in Die Welt, a German newspaper, in 1898. Another contest was called for by the Fourth Zionist Congress in the year 1900, but no song was officially chosen. In 1901, one of the sessions of the Fifth Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland, ended with the singing of "Hatikvah" (still called "Tikvatenu"). It was not until 1905 that the song was sung by all the delegates present at the Seventh Zionist Congress. Imber died in 1909 in New York and his remains were reinterred at the Mt. Herzl cemetery in Jerusalem in 1953. Hebrew Words Hebrew Words (Transliteration) Kol od balevavp 'nimah Nefesh Yehudi homiyah Ulfa 'atey mizrach kadimah Ayin I 'tzion tzqfiyah Od lo avdah tikvatenu Hatikvah bat shnot alpayim L 'hiyot am chofshi b 'artzenu Eretz Tzion v 'Yerushalayim (repeat previous two lines) (repeat previous two lines) English Translation As long as deep in the heart, The soul of a Jew yearns, And forward to the East To Zion, an eye looks. Our hope will not be lost, The hope of two thousand years, To be a free nation in our land. The land of Zion and Jerusalem, (repeat previous two lines)

Israel

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Italy
Repubblica Italiana (Italian Republic)

Quick Country Facts Location: Southern Europe Area: 116,500 sq. mi. (301,230 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 57,715,625 Capital/Largest City: Rome (pop 2,693,383) Official Language: Italian GDP/PPP: $1.438 trillion, $25.000 per capita Monetary Unit: Euro

Inno di Mameli (Hymn of Mameli)

Lyrics: Goffredo Mameli (1827-1849). Music: Michele Novaro (1822-1885). Adopted: 1946.

Historical Background1
Michele Novaro composed the music of the Italian anthem in 1847 to words by the young poet Goffredo Mameli. The words of the anthem were meant to call to mind past battles for freedom waged by the Lombard towns, the Florentine republic, the Genoese, together with the young Balilla, against the Austrians; and the Sicilians against the French in the so-called Sicilian Vespers. The focus of all inspirations to freedom was Rome, the Rome that, in another poem, Mameli called "city of memories, city of hope." The song, known as "L'inno di Mameli," has been the national anthem of the Republic of Italy since 1946. Between 1861. the year when Italy became a united nation, and 1946, the official anthem was the "March of the House of Savoia." On 23 November 1847 Mameli went to take the anthem to his musician friend. Michele Novaro. Overnight, the enthused musician composed the music, and the next day. in Genoa, Mameli brought back the words and music to his companions. A few days later, on 1 December. "Fratelli d'ltalia" was played for the first time at a popular assembly. The tune began to run like wildfire throughout the peninsula. It was on everyone's lips, in defiance of the Austrian. Bourbon, and Papal police. There is still another and equally romantic story of the circumstances of the anthem's composition. On the evening of 8 September 1847, in the house of the American consul, there was talk of the uprisings of the day. Many of the guests
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Italy

clustered about Mameli and urged him to write a new song. On the spot he improvised a few lines, and, later in the night, at home, wrote the rest. A few days later a painter friend took the poem to Turin and read it aloud at the evening party given by a nobleman, Lorenzo Valeric, who was also a benefactor in the realm of music and musicians. The composer Novaro, enthused in his turn, tried out a few notes on the piano and then, too, went home to compose the sequel. The anthem was sung for the first time the next day by a group of political exiles in the Cafe della Lega Italiana of Turin. Italian Words 1 Fratelli d'ltalia L' Italia s' e desta DeU'elmo di Scipio S'e cinta la testa. Dov'e la Vittoria? Le porga la chioma; Ch schiava di Roma Iddiolacreo. (repeat verse) CHORUS Stringiamoci a coorte, Siam pronti alia morte: (repeat) Italia chiamo! (repeat chorus)
2

English Translation2 1 Italian brothers, Italy has arisen, With Scipio's helmet Binding her head. Where is victory? Let her bow down, For God has made her The slave of Rome, (repeat verse) CHORUS Let us gather in legions, Ready to die! (repeat) Italy has called! (repeat chorus)
2

Noi siamo da secoli Calpesti e derisi. Perche non siam popolo. Perche siam divisi; Raccolgaci un'unica Bandiera, un speme: Di fonderci insieme; Gia 1'ora suono. (repeat verse) CHORUS

We for centuries Have been downtrodden and derided, Because we are not a people, Because we are divided. Let one flag, one hope Bring us together; The hour has struck For us to join forces. (repeat verse) CHORUS

Italy

319

Uniamoci, amiamoci, L'unione e 1'amore Rivelano ai popoli Le vie del Signore: Giuriamo far libero II suolo natio; Uniti per Dio Chi vincer ci puo?

Let us unite and love one another; For union and love Reveal to peoples The way of the Lord Let us swear to free Our native soil; If we are united under God. Who can conquer us?

(repeat verse) CHORUS

4

(repeat verse) CHORUS

4

Dall'Alpi a Sicilia Dovunque e Legnano Ogni uom di Ferruccio: Ha il cuor e la mano I bimbi d'Italia Si chiamano Balilla: II suon d'ogni squilla I vespri suono. (repeat verse) CHORUS
5

From the Alps to Sicily, Everywhere it is Legnano; Every man has the heart And hand of Ferruccio. The children of Italy Are all called Balilla; Every trumpet blast Sounds the (Sicilian) Vespers (repeat verse) CHORUS
5

Son gmnchi che piegano Le spade vendute: Gia F Aquila d'Austria Le penne ha perdute. II sangue d' Italia E il sangue polacco Beve col Cosacco Ma il cor le brucio

Mercenary swords Are feeble reeds, And the Austrian eagle Has lost his plumes. This eagle that drunk the blood Of Italy and Poland, Together with the Cossack, But this has burned his gut.

(repeat verse) CHORUS

(repeat verse) CHORUS

Italy

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Italy

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Italy

Jamaica
Quick Country Facts Location: North America, Caribbean Sea Area: 4,411 sq. mi. (10,991 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 2,680,029 Capital/Largest City: Kingston (pop. 104,000) Languages: English, Jamaican Creole GDP/PPP: $9.8 billion, $3,700 per capita Monetary Unit: Jamaican Dollar

National Anthem
Lyrics: Reverend Hugh Braham Sherlock (b. 1905). Music: Robert Charles Lightbourne (1909-1995). Adopted:

1962.

Historical Background
The Jamaican national anthem was written by Hugh Braham Sherlock with music composed by Robert Charles Lightbourne. Originally, the lyrics and music had nothing to do with each other until Mapletoft Poulle (1923-1951) blended them to form the present song. It was selected upon independence from Great Britain in 1962. Words 1 Eternal Father bless our land Guide us with Thy mighty hand. Keep us free from evil powers Be our light through countless hours To our leaders, Great Defender, Grant true wisdom from above Justice, truth be ours forever. Jamaica, land we love. Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, land we love.

Teach us true respect for all Stir response to duty's call. Strengthen us the weak to cherish Give us vision lest we perish Knowledge send us Heavenly Father Grant true wisdom from above Justice, truth be ours forever. Jamaica, land we love. Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, land we love.

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Japan
Nippon Koku

Quick Country Facts Location: East Asia Area: 145,874 sq. mi. (377,835 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 126,974,628 Capital/Largest City: Tokyo (pop. 34,750,000) Official Language: Japanese GDP/PPP: $3.55 trillion, $28,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Yen

Kimigayo (His Majesty's Reign)

Lyrics: Ancient Poem. Music: Hayashi Hiromori (1831-1896). Adopted: 1999.

Historical Background1
It is not certain who wrote the words to Japan's national anthem, "Kimigayo." However, they were first found in a poem contained in two anthologies of Japanese thirty-one-syllable waka, namely, the tenth-century Kokin Wakashu and the 11th-century Wakan Roeishu. From very early times, the poem was recited to commemorate auspicious occasions and at banquets celebrating important events The words were often put to music with melodies typical of such vocal styles asyokyoku (sung portions of Noh performances), kouta (popular songs with shamisen accompaniment), joruri (dramatic narrative chanting with shamisen accompaniment), saireika (festival songs), and biwauta (songs with biwa accompaniment) The words were also used in fairy tales and other stories and even appeared in the Edo-period popular fiction known as Ukiyo-zoshi and in collections of humorous kyoka (mad verse). In 1869 the British military band instructor John William Fenton, who was then working in Yokohama, learned that Japan lacked a national anthem and told the members of Japan's military band about the British national anthem "God Save the King." Fenton emphasized the necessity of a national anthem and proposed that he would compose the music if someone would provide the words The band members, after consulting with their director, requested Artillery Captain
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Japan

Oyama Iwao (1842-1916) from present-day Kagoshima Prefecture, who was well versed in Japanese and Chinese history and literature, to select appropriate words for such an anthem. (Oyama later became army minister and a field marshal.) Fenton put his own music to the "Kimigayo" words selected by Oyama from a biwauta titled "Horaisan," and the first "Kimigayo" anthem was the result. The melody was, however, completely different from the one known today. It was performed, with the accompaniment of brass instruments, during an army parade in 1870, but it was later considered to be lacking in solemnity, and it was agreed that a revision was needed, hi 1876, Osamu Yusuke (later known as Nakamura Yusuke), the director of the Naval Band, submitted to the Navy Ministry a proposal for changing the music, and on the basis of his proposal it was decided that the new melody should reflect the style used in musical chants performed at the imperial court. In July 1880, four persons were named to a committee to revise the music. They were Naval Band director Nakamura Yusuke; Army Band director Yotsumoto Yoshitoyo; the court director of gagaku (Japanese court music) performances, Hayashi Hiromori; and a German instructor under contract with the navy, Franz Eckert. Finally a melody produced by Hayashi Hiromori was selected on the basis of the traditional scale used m gagaku. Eckert made a four-part vocal arrangement, and the new national anthem was first performed in the imperial palace on the Meiji Emperor's birthday, 3 November 1880. On 9 August 1999, the Japanese Diet passed a bill which officially adopted the "Kimigayo" as the national anthem of Japan, despite protests from neighboring Asian countries, which claim that the song is a symbol of Japanese imperialism.
Japanese Words

Japanese Words (Transliteration) Kimi gayo wa Chiyo ni yachiyo ni sazare Ishi no iwao to nari te Koke no musu made

English Translation2 Thousands of years of happy reign be thine; Rule on, my lord, till what are pebbles now By age united to mighty rocks shall grow Whose venerable sides the moss doth line.

Japan

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Jordan
al-Mamlaka al-Urduniya al-Hashemiyah (Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Middle East Area: 34,573 sq. mi. (92,300 sq.km.) Population (2002 est.): 5,307,470 Capital/Largest City: Amman (pop. 963,490) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP: $22.8 billion, $4,300 per capita Monetary Unit: Jordanian Dinar

A-sha-l Maleek

(Long Live the King)

Lyrics: AbduI-Mone'm al-Rifai (1917-1985). Music: AbduI-Qader al-Taneer (1901-1957). Adopted: 1946.
Arabic Words Arabic Words (Transliteration)

English Translation Long live the King! Long live the King! His position is sublime, His banners waving in glory supreme.

A-sha-al Maleek (repeat) Sa-Mi-yan-ma-qa mu-hu Kha-fi-qa-tin fil ma-ali a-lam m-hu

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Jordan

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Kazakhstan
tyasaKcraH Pecny6jiHKacw
Kazakstan Respublikasy (Republic of Kazakhstan)
Quick Country Facts Location: Central Asia Area: 1,049,000 sq. mi. (2,717,300 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 16,741.519 Capital: Astana (pop. 280,200) Largest City: Almaty (pop. 1,200,000) Official Languages: Kazak, Russian GDP/PPP: $98.1 billion, $5,900 per capita Monetary Unit: Tenge

MaMjieKCTTHK FHMHH Mamlekettik Gimni (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Muzafar Alimbayev (b. 1923), Kadyr Myrzaliyev, Tumanbai Moldagaliyev, and Zhadyra Daribaycva. Music: Mukan Tulebayev (1913-1960), Eugeny Brusilovsky (1905-1981), and Latif Khamidi. Kazak Words
1

Kazak Words (Transliteration)

1

English Translation
1

Zharalghan namystan qaharman khalyqpyz Azattyk zholynda zhalyndap Zhanypyz Tagdyrdin tezinen, tozaktyn (o-umlaut) zinen Aman-saw kalyppyz, aman-saw
330

We are a valiant people, sons of honor. We've sacrificed everything to gain our freedom. Emerging from malicious grip of fate, from hell of fire, We scored a victory of glory and

Kazakhstan kdlyppyz. success.

331

CHORUS

CHORUS
Erkindik kyrany, sharykta Eldikke shakyryp tirlikte! Alyptyn kuatykhalykta, Khalyktyn kuatybirtikte!

CHORUS
Soar high up in the sky, oh, the eagle of freedom. Call up to harmony, agreement and Accord! Since the hero's might and strength is in the nation. Just as the unity is nation's razing sword.

2
Ardaktan anasyn, kyrmetten danasyn, Bauyrga baskanbyz barshanyn balasyn. Tatulyk dostyktyn kieli besigi! Meyirban Uly Otan, Kazakhtyn dalasy!

2
While honoring and respecting our mothers The cream of our raising nation We welcomed all ill-starred and struck by ruin Our homeland, the steppe, a sacred cradle Of friendship and accord Gave all a shelter and a hearty refuge!

CHORUS
3

CHORUS
3
Talaydy otkerdin, otkenge salauat, Keleshek gazhayyp keleshek galamat! Ar-ozhdan, ana til onege-saltymyz, Erlik te, eldik te urlakka amanat!

CHORUS
3
We've overcome the hardships Let the past serve as a bitter lesson But we face a radiant future ahead We bequeath our sacred legacy Implying our mother tongue And sovereignty, valor and traditions So dearly cherished by our forefathers As true mandate to future generations.

CHORUS

CHORUS

CHORUS

Kazakhstan

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Kenya
Jamhuri ya Kenya Republic of Kenya
Quick Country Facts Location: Central Africa Area: 224,960 sq. mi. (582,650 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 31,138,735 Capital/Largest City: Nairobi (pop 2,000,000) Official Languages: Kiswahili, English GDP/PPP: $31 billion, $1,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Kenyan Shilling

Wimbo wa Taifa National Anthem

Lyrics: Group of Citizens. Music: Traditional Melody. Adopted: 1963.

Historical Background
The Kenyan national anthem was written by a national committee of five songwriters to a tune based on traditional music. It was adopted in 1963, the year of independence. Kiswahili Words
1

English Words 1 O God of all creation. Bless this our land and nation. Justice be our shield and defender. May we dwell in unity, Peace and liberty. Plenty be found within our borders

Ee Mungu nguvu yetu Ilete baraka kwetu Haki iwe ngao na mlinzi Natukae na udugu Amani na uhuru Raha tupate na ustawi

2
Amkeni ndugu zetu

2
Let one and all arise
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Kenya

Tufanye sole bidii Nasi tujitoe kwa nguvu Nchi yetu ya Kenya Tunayoipenda Tuwe tayari kuilinda.

With hearts both strong and true. Service be our earnest endeavor, And our Homeland of Kenya, Heritage of splendor, Firm may we stand to defend.

3 Natujenge taifa letu Ee, ndio wajibu wetu Kenya istahili heshima Tuungane mikono Pamoja kazini Kila siku tuwe nashukrani.

3 Let all with one accord In common bond united, Build this our nation together, And the glory of Kenya, The fruit of our labor Fill every heart with thanksgiving.

Kenya

335

Kiribati
Aia Maneaba ni Maroro Kain Kiribati Republic of Kiribati
Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 292 sq. mi. (811 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 96,335 Capital/Largest City: Tarawa (pop. 25,154) Official Languages: English, I-Kiribati GDP/PPP: $79 million, $840 per capita Monetary Unit: Australian Dollar

Teirake Kaini Kiribati (Stand, Kiribati)

Lyrics and Music: Urium Tamuera loteba (1910-1988). Adopted: 1979 I-Kiribati Words
1

English Translation 1 Stand up, Kiribati! Sing with jubilation! Prepare to accept responsibility And to help each other! Be steadfastly righteous! Love all our people! (repeat previous two lines)

Teirake kaini Kiribati, Anene ma te kakatonga, Tauraoi nakon te nwioko, Ma ni buokia aomata, Tauaninne n te raoiroi, Tangiria aoma ta nako. Tauaninne n te raoiroi, Tangiria aomata.
2

Reken te kabaia ma te rau Ibuakoia kaain abara Bon reken te nano ae banin

The attainment of contentment And peace by our people Will be achieved when all
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337

Ma te i-tangitangiri naba. Ma ni wakina te kab'aia, Ma n neboa i eta abara. Ma ni wakina te kab'aia, Ma n neboa abara.
3

Our hearts beat as one, Love one another! Promote happiness and unity! (repeat previous two lines)

Ti butiko ngkoe Atuara Kawakinira ao kairika Nakon taai aika i maira. Buokira ni bairn ae akoi Kakabaia ara Tautaeka Ma ake a makuri iai. Kakabaia ara Tautaeka Ma aomata ni bane.

We beseech You, O God, To protect and lead us In the days to come. Help us with Your loving hand. Bless our Government And all our people! (repeat previous two lines)

Kiribati

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Korea, North
Choson Minjuju-i Inmin Konghwa-guk Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Quick Country Facts Location: East Asia Area: 46,768 sq. mi. (120,540 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 22,224,195 Capital/Largest City: Pyongyang (pop 2,741,260) Official Language: Korean GDP/PPP: $22 billion, $1,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Won

(Patriotic Song)
Lyrics: Pak Se Yong (1902-1989). Music: Kim Won Gyun (b. 1917). Adopted: 1947.

Historical Background1
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) has all along used the "Patriotic Song," its national anthem, which was created in Juche 36 (1947), for half a century. The song is the symbol of solemnity, noble feelings, national pride, and honor. It is a source of the patriotism and optimistic emotion of the Korean people. The song was created thanks to the Great Leader Comrade Kim II Sung. Just after Korea's liberation from the Japanese colonial rule he gave creators a direction for the creation of the national anthem and gave concrete guidance as regards the conception of words, content, appearance, and depiction of the song. The song written by Pak Se Yong and composed by Kim Won Gyun under his guidance reflected the ideas and emotions of the people of a new Korea. The song that was played on the day when the DPRK was founded with due ceremony on 9 September 1948 has served as the national anthem of socialist Korea for 50 years. The Koreans like to sing the song very much. In Korea where the song is sung as the first item of the radio program at dawn the leader, the party, the army and the people move
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Korea, North

as one in response to the song. The Korean people are working hard to exalt the dignity and honor of the country and build a prosperous country, singing the song. The great achievements and praiseworthy deeds that can be witnessed in their everyday life are based on the idea of the song. In Korea, led by the Dear Leader Comrade Kim Jong II, who is attaching importance to the Juche character and the national character, the song will remain the eternal national anthem of Kim II Sung's Korea. Korean Words Korean Words (Transliteration)
1

English Translation
1

A ch 'im un pinnara, i kangsan Ungum e, chawon do kaduk han Samch 'olli, arumdaun nae choguk, Panmannyon oraen ryoksa e. Ch 'allan han munhwa ro charanan Sulgiroun inmin ui i yonggwang. Momgwa mam ta pach 'yo, i, Choson Kiri pattuse. (repeat previous four lines) (repeat previous four lines)

Let morning shine on the silver and gold of this land. Three thousand leagues packed with natural wealth My beautiful fatherland. The glory of a wise people Brought up in a culture brilliant With a history five millennia long. Let us devote our bodies and minds To supporting this Korea forever. (repeat previous four lines)

2 Paektusan Kisang ul ta anko.

Kullo ui chongsin un kitturo. Chilli ro mungch 'yojin oksen ttut On segye apso nagari. Sonnun him nodo do naemiro, Inmin ui ttus uro son nara. Han opsi pugang hanun I Choson kin pinnaese.

2
The firm will, bonded with truth, Nest for the spirit of labor. Embracing the atmosphere of Mount Paektu, Will go forth to all the world. The country established by the will of the people, Breasting the raging waves with soaring strength. Let us glorify forever this Korea, Limitlessly rich and strong. (repeat previous six lines)

(repeat previous four lines)

(repeat previous four lines)

Korea, North

341

Korea, South

Taehan Min 'guk (Republic of Korea)

Quick Country Facts Location: East Asia Area: 38,031 sq. mi. (98,480 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 48,324,000 Capital/Largest City: Seoul (pop. 19,850,000) Official Language: Korean GDP/PPP: $931 billion, $19,400 per capita Monetary Unit: Won

Aeguk-ga (Patriotic Song)

Lyrics: Yun Ch'i-ho (1865-1946) or An Ch'ang-ho (1878-1938). Music: Ahn Eak-tae (1905-1965). Historical Background It is generally believed that the words of what is now the Republic of Korea's national anthem, which means, literally, "Song of Love of Country," were written toward the end of the nineteenth century either by Yun Ch'i-ho, a politician, or by An Ch'ang-ho, an independence leader and educator. Initially, "Aeguk-ga" was sung to the Scottish folk tune "Auld Lang Syne." During Japanese colonial rule (1910-1945), the song was banned, but overseas Koreans continued to sing it. expressing their yearnings for national independence. In 1937, Ahn Eak-tae, an internationally noted Korean musician based in Spain, composed the music for "Aeguk-ga." His work was officially adopted by the
342

Korea, South

343

Provisional Korean Government (1919-1945) in Shanghai, China. "Aeguk-ga" was sung at a ceremony celebrating the founding of the Republic of Korea Government on 15 August 1948, following national liberation in 1945. Korean Words Korean Words (Transliteration) English Translation

1
Donghae mulgwa Baekdusani mareugo daltorok Haneunimi bouhasa urinara manse.

1
Until the East Sea's waves are dry. Baek-du-san worn away, God watch o'er our land forever! Our Korea hail!

CHORUS

CHORUS Mugunghwa samcheolli hwaryeogangsan Daehan scaram Daehan euro giri bojeonhase

CHORUS Rose of Sharon, thousand miles of beautiful mountain and rivers! Guarded by her people, ever may Korea stand!
2

Namsan wie jeo sonamu cheolgabeul dureundeut Baram seori bulhyeonhameun uri gisangilse CHORUS
3

Like that South Mountain armored pine, standing on duty still. Wind or frost, unchanging ever, be our resolute will. CHORUS
3

CHORUS
3

Gaeul haneul gonghwalhande nopgo gureum eopsi Balgeun dareun uri gaseum ilpyeondansimilse

In autumn's arching evening sky, crystal, and cloudless blue, Be the radiant moon our spirit, steadfast, single and true. CHORUS
4

CHORUS
4

CHORUS
4

/ gisanggwa i mameuro chungseongeul dahayeo Goerouna jeulgeouna nara sarangha.se

With such a will, such a spirit, loyalty, heart and hand, Let us love, come grief, come gladness, this, our beloved land! CHORUS

CHORUS

CHORUS

Korea, South

344

Kuwait
Dowlat al-Kuwait (State of Kuwait)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Middle East Area: 6,880 sq. mi. (17,820 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 2,111,561 Capital/Largest City: al-Kuwait (pop. 151,060) Official Languages: Arabic, English GDP/PPP: $30.9 billion, $15,100 per capita Monetary Unit: Kuwaiti Dinar

Al-Nasheed Al- Watani (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Ahmad Mushari AI-Adwani (1923-1992). Music: Ibrahim Nasir Al-Soula (b. 1935). Adopted: 1978.

Historical Background1
The Kuwaiti national anthem was written by the poet Mushari Al-Adwani after the proclamation of independence and was broadcast for the first time on 25 February 1978. The music was composed by Ibrahim Nasir Al-Soula and arranged by Ahmad Ali. The national salute consists of the first six bars of the anthem. Arabic Words (Transliteration) English Translation 1 Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait, My country, May you be safe and glorious! Your face bright,
345

1
Watanil Kuwait Salemta Lilmajdi Wa Ala Jabeenoka Tali-Ossadi Watanil Kuwait (repeat)

346

Kuwait

Watanil Kuwait Salemta Lilmajdi.

(repeat) Your face bright with majesty, Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait, My country.

2
Ya MahdaAbaa-il Ola Katabou Sefral Khloudi Fanadati Shohobo A llaho Akbar Ehnahom Arabo Talaat Kawakebo Jannatil Kholdi Watanil Kuwait Salemta Lilmajdi.

2
Oh cradle of ancestry. Who put down its memory. With everlasting symmetry. Showing all eternity, Those Arabs were heavenly. Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait My country.

3
Bourekta Ya Watanil Kuwaita Lana Sakanan Wa Eshta Alal Mada Watana Yafdeeka Horron Fi Hemaka Sana Sarhol Hayati Be Akramil Aydi Watanil Kuwait Salemta Lilmajdi.

3
Blessed be My country, A homeland for harmony. Warded by true sentry, Giving their souls aptly, Building high its history, Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait, My country.

4
Nahmeeka Ya Watani Wa Shahidona Sharoul Hoda Wai Haqqo Ra-Edona WaAmirona Lil Ezzi Oa-Edona Rabbol Hamiyati Sadqol Waadi Watanil Kuwait Salemta Lilmajdi.

4
We're for you, my country. Led by faith and loyalty, With its prince equally, Fencing us all fairly, With warm love and verity, Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait, My country. In peace live, in dignity.

Kuwait

347

Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz Respublikasy

Kyrgyzkoy Respubliki (Kyrgyz Republic)

Quick Country Facts Location: Central Asia Area: 76,000 sq. mi. (198,500 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 4,822,166 Capital/Largest City: Bishkek (pop. 631,000) Official Languages: Kyrgyz, Russian GDP/PPP. $13.5 billion, $2,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Som

MaMJieKeiTHK FHMHH
Mamlekettik Gimni (National Anthem)
Lyrics: Zh. Kadikova and Sh. Kulueva. Music: N. Davlyesova, K. Moldovasanova. Adopted: 1992.

Historical Background
The anthem was adopted on 18 December 1992 by the Supreme Soviet of the Kyrgyz Republic, after the country left the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). A Russian translation became an official part of the song after it was declared an official language along with Kyrgyz.

348

Kyrgyzstan

349

Kyrgyz Words

Kyrgyz Words (Transliteration)

Russian Words

Russian Words (Transliteration)

1
Ak monguluu askayoolor, talaalar, Elibizdin zhany menen barabar, Sansyz kyldym Ala-Toosun mekendep, Saktap kaldy bizdin ata-bahalar!

1
Vysokie gory, doliny, polia, Rodnaia, zavetnaia nasha zemlia, Otsy nashi zhili sredi Ala-loo Vsegda svoiu rodinu sviato khrania.

CHORUS

CHORUS Algai her, kyrgyz el, Azattyktyn zholunda, Orkundoi her, oso her, Oz tagdyrdyn kolunda!

CHORUS

CHORUS Vpered, kyrgzskii narod, Putem s\'obody vpered Vzrastai, narod rastsvetai, Svoiu sud 'bu sozidai.

2
lz\>echno narod nash dlia druzby otkryt Edinstvo i druzhbu on v serdtse khranit Zemlia Kvrgyzstana rodnaia strana Luchami soglasia ozarena.

Baiyrtadan butkon munoz elime, Dostoruna daiar dilin beruugo, Bui yntymak el birdigin shiretip, Beikuttuktu beret kyrgyz zherine. CHORUS CHORUS CHORUS

CHORUS

3
Atkarylyp eldin umut, tilegi, Zhelbiredi erkindiktin zheligi, Bizge zhetken ata saltyn murasyn,

3
Mechty i nadezhdy naroda

shy Us'
I znamia svohody voznositsia vvys'. Nasled 'e otsov nashikh peredadim

350

Kyrgzstan

Yiyk saktap urpaktarga

bereli!

Na blago naroda potomkam svoim.

CHORUS

CHORUS

CHORUS
English Translation

CHORUS

1 High mountains, valleys and fields Are our native, holy land. Our fathers lived amidst the Ala-Toe, Always saving their motherland.

CHORUS Come on, Kyrgyz people. Come on to freedom!

Stand up and flourish!

Create your fortune!

2

We are open for freedom for ages. Friendship and unity are in our hearts. The land of Kyrgyzstan, our native state,
Shining in the rays of consent. CHORUS
3

Dreams of the people came true. And the flag of liberty is over us. The heritage of our fathers we will Pass to our sons for the benefit of people. CHORUS

Kyrgyzstan

351

Laos
Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao (Lao People's Democratic Republic)
Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Asia, Indochina Peninsula Area: 91,429 sq. mi. (236,800 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 5,777,180 Capital/Largest City: Vientiane (pop. 442,000) Official Language: Lao GDP/PPP: $9.2 billion, $1,630 per capita Monetary Unit: Kip

PhengXat Lao (Lao National Anthem)

Lyrics: Sisana Sisane (b. 1922). Music: Thongdy Sounthone Vichit (1905-1968). Adopted: 1947.

Historical Background
The music to the Laotian anthem was composed by Dr. Thongdy Sounthone Vichit in 1941. The original words adopted in 1947 were replaced in 1975 after the communists took control. Lao Words (Transliteration) Xatlao tangtae dayma lao thookthuana xeutxoosootchay, Huamhaeng huamchit huamchay samakkhikan pen kamlang diao. Detdiao phomkan kaona booxa xukiat khong lao, Songseum xaysit pen chao laothook xonphao sameu pabkan. Bo hayfoong chackkaphat lae phuak khayxat khaomalob kuan, Lao thangmuan xoo ekkalat itsalaphab khong xatlao vay, Tatsin chay soo xing ao xay phaxat English Translation For all time the Lao people have glorified their fatherland, United in heart, spirit and vigor as one. Resolutely moving forwards, Respecting and increasing the dignity of the Lao people And proclaiming the right to be their own masters. The Lao people of all origins are equal And will no longer allow imperialists and traitors to harm them. The entire people will safeguard the independence
352

Laos

353

kaopay soo khuam vatthana.

And the freedom of the Lao nation. They are resolved to struggle for victory In order to lead the nation to prosperity.

Laos

354

Laos

355

Latvia Latvijas Republika (Republic of Latvia)

Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe, Baltic Sea Area: 25,400 sq. mi. (64,589 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 2,366,515 Capital/Largest City: Riga (pop. 874,000) Official Language: Latvian GDP/PPP: $20 billion, $8,300 per capita Monetary Unit: Lats

Dievs, svetl Latviju (God Bless Latvia)

Lyrics and Music: Karlis Baumanis (1834-1904). Adopted: 1873.

Historical Background1
The words and music to this national anthem were written by Karlis Baumanis (better known as Baumanu Karlis). The song first appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century, when the Latvian people were beginning to openly exhibit a strong sense of national pride and identity. Karlis Baumanis was the first Latvian composer to use the word "Latvia" in a song lyric. The concept of "Latvia" had only began to take shape in the minds of writers and activists and was used to describe all regions traditionally inhabited by Latvians. Although most Latvians did not yet dare dream of a sovereign state totally independent of the Tsarist Russian empire, the song served as a powerful catalyst for the emerging national consciousness. The use of the word ''Latvia" in the song was an open challenge to the Tsarist regime that had little sympathy for national movements. Initially, Russian authorities forbade the use of that word in the title and text of the song and it was replaced by the word "Baltics." The work was performed publicly in June of 1873 at the First Song Festival in Riga. It was first sung as a national anthem on 18 November 1918 at the proclamation of Latvia's independence. On 7 June 1920, it was officially proclaimed the national anthem of the Republic of Latvia.

356

Latvia

357

Latvian Words Dievs, sveti Latviju, Mus' dargo teviju, Sveti jel Latviju, Ak, sveti jel to! (repeat stanza) Kur latyju meitas zied, Kur latyju deli dzied. Laid mums tur laime diet, Mus' Latvija! (repeat stanza)

English Translation Bless Latvia, O God, Our verdant native land sod, Where Baltic heroes trod, Keep her from harm! (repeat stanza) Our lovely daughters near Our singing sons appear, May fortune smiling here Grace Latvia! (repeat stanza)

Latvia

358

Latvia

359

Lebanon
AUumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah Republique Libanaise (Lebanese Republic)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Middle East Area: 4,015 sq. mi. (10,400 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 3,677,780 Capital/Largest City: Beirut (pop. 1,100,000) Official Languages: Arabic, French GDP/PPP. $18.8 billion, $5,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Lebanese Pound

An-Nashid Al-Watam Al-Lubnani Hymne National Libanais (Lebanese National Anthem)

Lyrics: Rashid Nakhle (1873-1939). Music: Wadih Sabra (1876-1952). Adopted: 1927.

Historical Background
The Lebanese anthem was adopted on 12 July 1927

360

Lebanon Arabic Words (Transliteration) 1 Kulluna lil-watan, HI 'ula HI- 'alam Mil 'u ayn az-zaman, saifuna wal-qalam Sahluna wal-jabal, manbitun lir-rijal Oawluna wal- 'amalfi sabil al-kamal Kulluna lil-watan, IH'ula lil-'alam, Kulluna lil-watan English Translation 1

361

All for the country, for the glory, for the flag. From the beginning of centuries, our pencil and sword Our field and mountains are making
the men.

Our word and work on the way of perfection, All for the country, for the glory for

the flag.

2 2
Shaykhuna wal-fata, 'Inda sawt al-watan Usdu ghaben mata, sawaratna al-fttan Sharquna qalbuhu, abadan Lubnan Sanahu rabbuhu, li-mada al-azman Kulluna lil-watan, HI'ula Kulluna lil-watan lil-'alam,

2
Young and old at the voice of the country. Lions of forest at the time of violation Our east is its heart forever Lebanon, Its God protects it all over the time. All for the country, for the glory for
the flag.

Bahruhu barruhu, durratu-sharqayn Ramzuhu birruhu, mail 'al-qutbayn Ismuhu 'izzuhu, munzou kana al-judud Majduhu arzuhu, ramzuhu lil-khulud Kulluna lil-watan, HI'ula Kulluna lil-watan lil-'alam,

Its sea, its land, are the pearl of the two orients. Its symbol, its charity, fill up the two poles. Its name is its triumph since the time of our grandfathers. Its glory is its cedars, its symbol is for the end of epochs. All for the country, for the glory for
the flag.

Lebanon

362

Lesotho
Muso oa Lesotho Kingdom of Lesotho

Quick Country Facts Location: Southern Africa Area: 11,720 sq. mi. (30,355 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 2,207,954 Capital/Largest City: Maseru (pop. 170,000) Official Languages: Sesotho, English GDP/PPP: $5.3 billion, $2,450 per capita Monetary Unit: Loti

National Anthem
Lyrics: Francois Coillard (1834-1904). Music: Ferdinand-Samuel Laur (1791-1854). Adopted: 1967.

Historical Background
The words to this song were written by a French missionary in the nineteenth century. Sesotho Words 1 Lesotho false la bontat'a rona, Har'a mafatse le letle ke lona. Ke moo re hlahileng. Ke moo re holileng, Rea la rata.
2

English Translation
1

Lesolho, land of our falhers. You are the most beautiful country of all. You give us birth. In you we are reared And you are dear to us.
2

Molimo ak'u boloke Lesotho, U felise lintoa le matsoenyeho. Oho false lena. Labontat'arona. Le be le khotso.

Lord, we ask You to protect Lesotho. Keep us free from conflict and tribulation Oh. land of mine. Land of our fathers. May you have peace.
363

Lesotho

364

Liberia Republic of Liberia

Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 43,000 sq. mi. (111,370 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 3,288,198 Capital/Largest City: Monrovia (pop. 1,000,000) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $3.6 billion, $1,100 per capita Monetary Unit: Liberian Dollar

All Hail, Liberia, Hail!

Lyrics: Daniel Bashiel Warner (1815-1880). Music: Olmstead Luca (1836-?). Adopted: 1847.

Historical Background
Daniel Balshiel Warner, who wrote the lyrics to the national anthem in 1847, later became the third president of Liberia, from 1864 to 1868. The song was adopted in the same year, after the Proclamation of Independence. Olmstead Luca composed the present music to the national anthem in 1860. Words

1
All hail, Liberia, nail! (repeat) This glorious land of liberty Shall long be ours. Though new her name, Green be her fame, And mighty be her powers, (repeat) In joy and gladness With our hearts united, We'll shout the freedom Of a race benighted,

2
All hail, Liberia, hail! (repeat) In union strong success is sure We cannot fail! With God above Our rights to prove We will o'er all prevail, (repeat) With heart and hand Our country's cause defending We'll meet the foe With valor unpretending.
365

366

Liberia

Long live Liberia, happy land! A home of glorious liberty, By God's command! (repeat previous two lines)

Long live Liberia, happy land! A home of glorious liberty, By God's command! (repeat previous two lines)

Liberia

367

368

Liberia

Libya

al-Jamahiriyah al-Arabiya al-Libya al-Shsubabiya al-Ishtirakiya (Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)

Quick Country Facts Location: North Africa, Middle East Area: 679,536 sq. mi. (1,759,540 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 5,368,585 Capital/Largest City: Tripoli (pop. 591,062) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP. $40 billion, $7,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Libyan Dinar

Allahu Akbar (God Is Greatest)

Lyrics: Abdalla Shams el-Din (1921-1977). Music: Mahmoud el-Sherif (1912-1990). Adopted: 1969.

Historical Background
The Libyan anthem was adopted 1 September 1969. Arabic Words (Transliteration) English Translation

1
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar Fauqua Kaidi Lmutadi Alia hu Lilmazlumi Hairumu ayidi (repeat previous two lines) Ana Bilyaqini Wabissilahi Saaftadi Baladi Wanuru L-haqqi Yastau Fi Yadi Qulu Mai, Qulu Mai Allahu Allahu Allahu Akbar

1
God is greatest! (repeat) He is above the plots of the aggressors, And He is the best helper of the oppressed With faith and with weapons I shall defend my country. And the light of truth will shine in my hand. Sing with me! (repeat)
369

370

Libya

Allahu Fauqua L-mutadi!

God is greatest! (repeat) God, God, God is greatest! God is above the aggressors.

Ya Hadihi DdunyaAtilli Wa 'Smai Gaisu L-aadi Ga 'a Yabgi Masrai Bil-haqqi Saufa Fasaufa Afnihi Mai Qulu Mai L-wailu Lil-mustamiri Wa Llahu Fauqa L-gadiri L-mutagabbiri Allahu Akbaru Ya Biladi Kabbiri Wahudi Binasiyati L-mugiri Wadammiri.

O world, look up and listen! The enemy's army is coming, Wishing to destroy me. With truth and with my gun I shall repulse him. And should I be killed, I would kill him with me. Sing with me Woe to the imperialists! And God is above the treacherous tyrant. God is greatest! Therefore glorify Him, O my country, And seize the forehead of the tyrant And destroy him!

Libya

371

372

Libya

Liechtenstein
Fiirstentum Liechtenstein (Principality of Liechtenstein)
Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, between Austria and Switzerland Area: 61 sq. mi. (160 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 32,842 Capital/Largest City: Vaduz (pop. 5,067) Official Language: German GDP/PPP: $730 million, $23,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Swiss Franc

Liechtensteinische Landeshymne (Liechtenstein National Anthem)

Lyrics: Jakob Josef Jauch (1802-1859). Adopted: 1951.

Historical Background1
No exact details have ever been found in the archives as to the origin of the national anthem. According to oral tradition, the anthem was composed in 1850 by a German clergyman named Jakob Josef Jauch, who lived in the commune of Balzers round about 1853-1863. The tune is that of the British national anthem. "God Save the King," composed by H. Carey The original anthem consisting of five verses was amended and shortened in 1963 pursuant to a law approved by the Diet. Instead of "On the banks of German Rhine," the anthem now begins with "On the banks of the young Rhine." The original version recalls the fact that Liechtenstein is the last still existing representative of the former Holy Roman Empire of German Nations originally comprising 343 members. German Words 1 Oben am jungen Rhein Lehnet sich Liechtenstein An Alpenhoh'n. English Translation2 1 High above the young Rhine Lies Liechtenstein, resting On Alpine heights.
373

374

Liechtenstein

Dies Hebe Heimatland, Das teure Vaterland, Hat Gottes weise Hand Fur uns erseh'n.
2

This beloved homeland, Our dear fatherland Was chosen by God's wise hand Chosen for us.
2

Hoch lebe Liechtenstein Bluhend am jungen Rhein, Gliicklich und treu. Hoch leb' der Furst vom Land, Hoch unser Vaterland, Durch Bruderliebe Band Vereint undfrei.

Long live Liechtenstein, Flourishing on the young Rhine, Happy and true! Long live the country's prince, Long live our fatherland, Through the bond of brotherly love, United and free!

Liechtenstein

375

Lithuania Lietuvos Respublika (Republic of Lithuania)

Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe, Baltic Sea Area: 25,212 sq. mi. (65,200 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 3,601,138 Capital/Largest City: Vilnius (pop. 590,100) Official Language: Lithuanian GDP/PPP. $29.2 billion, $8,400 per capita Monetary Unit: Litas

Tautiska giesme (State Anthem)

Lyrics and Music: Vincas Kudirka (1858-1899). Adopted: 1992.

Historical Background1
The lyrics and music to this song were written by journalist, writer and physician Vincas Kudirka, an active figure in the Lithuanian national movement of the late 19th century. The text first appeared in an underground Lithuanian magazine Varpas (The Bell) in 1898. "TautiSka giesme" served as the anthem of the newly established Republic of Lithuania after World War I. Following the country's annexation by the Soviet Union, it was initially banned, but in 1944 it was proclaimed the anthem of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (until 1950). During the years of occupation, people were persecuted for singing "Tautika giesme" (on some occasions, even when it was the official anthem of the Lithuanian SSR). It was openly sung again in the summer of 1988, and on 18 November of that year, it was readopted as the national anthem. Lithuanian Words Lietuva, tevyne musi{, Tu didvyriu zeme. Is praeities Tavo sunus Te stipryb? semia. English Translation Lithuania, our native land You are the soil of our heroes From their past your sons Will get their strength
376

Lithuania

377

Tegul Tavo vaikai eina Vien takais dorybes, Tegul dirba Tavo naudai Ir zmonui gerybei. Tegul saule Lietuvos Tamsumus prasalina, Ir sviesa ir tiesa Mus zingsnius telydi Tegul meile Lietuvos Dega musq sirdyse, Vardan tos Lietuvos Vienybe tezydi.

May your children walk Only by the path of virtue May they work for your needs And good of your people May the Lithuanian sun Take away the darkness So that light and truth Follow our steps May the love for Lithuania Burn in our hearts So that Lithuanian unity Will blossom forever

Lithuania

378

Lithuania

379

Luxembourg Groussherzogtum Letzebuerg Grand-duche de Luxembourg GroBherzogtum Luxemburg (Grand Duchy of Luxembourg)
Quick Country Facts Location. Western Europe Area: 999 sq. mi. (2,586 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 448,569 Capital/Largest City: Luxembourg (pop. 75,622) Official Languages: Letzeburgesch, French, German GDP/PPP. $20 billion, $44,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Euro

Ons Heemecht (Our Motherland)

Lyrics: Michel Lentz (1820-1893). Music: Jean-Antoine Zinnen (1827-1898). Adopted: 1895.

Historical Background1
This national anthem was written by poet Michel Lentz in 1859. Composer Jean-Antoine Zinnen put the words to music in 1864. The song was played for the first time in public during a grand ceremony at Ettelbruck that same year. Far from being a war hyma like the "Marseillaise," the Luxembourg national anthem is a vibrant appeal to peace. The law of 17 June 1993, which amended the law of 23 June 1972, decreed that the first and last verses of "Ons Heemecht" are considered official.

380

Luxembourg

381

Letzeburgesch Words

English Translation

1
Wou d'Uelzecht durech d'Wisen zeit, Duerch d'Fielsen d'Sauer brecht. Wou d'Rief laanscht d'Musel dofteg bleit, Den Himmel Wain ons mecht. Dat as onst Land, fir dat mir geif, Heinidden alles won Onst Heemechtsland, dat mir sou deif An onsen Hierzer dron (repeat previous two lines)
2

1
Where the Alzette slowly flows, The Sura plays wild pranks, Where fragrant vineyards amply grow On the Mosella's banks; There lies the land for which we would Dare everything down here, Our own, our native land which ranks Deeply in our hearts. (repeat previous two lines)
2

O Du do uewen, deem seng Hand Duurch d'Welt d'Natioune leet, Behitt Du d'Letzebuerger Land Vru friemem joch a Leed! Du hues ons all als Kanner schon De fraie Geescht jo gin. Looss viru blenken d'Freiheetssonn, Dei mir sou laang gesin. (repeat previous two lines)

O Thou above whose powerful hand Makes States or lays them low, Protect this Luxembourger land From foreign yoke and woe. Your spirit of liberty bestow On us now as of yore Let Freedom's sun in glory glow For now and evermore. (repeat previous two lines)

Luxembourg

382

Luxembourg

383

Macedonia Republika Makedonija (Republic of Macedonia)

Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula Area: 9,928 sq. mi. (25,333 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 2,054,800 Capital/Largest City: Skopje (pop. 444,229) Official Language: Macedonian GDP/PPP: $10 billion, $5,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Denar

Denes nadMakedonija se ragja (Today above Macedonia)

Lyrics: Vlado Maleski (1919-1984). Music: Todor Skalovski (b. 1909). Adopted: 1992.

Historical Background1
This national anthem was created in 1943 by Vlado Maleski, a poet from Struga. It was adopted as the anthem of the Republic of Macedonia upon its establishment after World War II. The song was later selected to be the anthem of the newly independent Republic of Macedonia in 1991.

384

Macedonia

385

Macedonian Words
1

(repeat previous two lines)

2

Macedonian Words (Transliteration) 1 Denes nad Makedonija se rag/a novo sonce na slobodata Makedoncite se borat za svoite pravdini! (repeat previous two lines)
2

English Translation
1 Today above Macedonia, the new sun of liberty is born The Macedonians fight for their own rights! (repeat previous two lines)
2

(repeat previous two lines)

3

Odnovo sega znameto se vee na Krushevskata Republika Goce Delchev, Pitu Guli Dame Gruev, Sandanski! (repeat previous two lines)
3

For now on, the flag flies that the Krushevo Republic Goce Delchev, Pitu Guli Dame Gruev, Sandanski! (repeat previous two lines)
3

(repeat previous two lines)

Gorite Makedonski shumno peat novi pesni, novi vesnici Makedonija slobodna slobodna zhivee! (repeat previous two lines)

The Macedonian forests sing in one voice of new songs, of news that Macedonia is liberated and liberated it lives! (repeat previous two lines)

Macedonia

386

Madagascar Repoblika n'i Madagaskar Republique de Madagascar (Republic of Madagascar)

Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Africa, Indian Ocean Area: 226,660 sq. mi. (587.040 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 16,473,477 Capital/Largest City: Antananarivo (pop. 1,000,000) Official Languages: Malagasy, French GDP/PPP: $14 billion, $870 per capita Monetary Unit: Malagasy Franc

Ry Tanindrazanay Malala (Our Beloved Country)

Lyrics: Pasteur Rahajason (1897-1971). Music: Norbert Raharisoa (d. 1964). Adopted: 1958. Historical Background
This national anthem was written in 1958 and adopted that same year, after Madagascar achieved independence from France. Malagasy Words
1

English Translation
1

Ry Tanindrazanay malala 6! Ry Madagasikara soa Ny fitiavanay anao tsy miala, Fa ho anao dona tokoa CHORUS Tahionao, ry Zanahary

O. our beloved fatherland, O, fair Madagascar, Our love will never decay, But will last eternally. CHORUS O, Lord Creator, do Thou bless
387

388 Ity Nosin-dRazanay ity Hiadana sy ho fmaritra He! Sambatra tokoa izahay.
2

Madagascar This island of our fathers, That she may be happy and prosperous For our own satisfaction.
2

Ry Tanindrazanay malala 6! Irinay mba hanompoana anao Ny tena sy fo fanahy anananay, 'Zay sarobidy sy mendrika tokoa. CHORUS
3

O, our beloved fatherland, Let us be thy servant With body, heart and spirit In dear and worthy service. CHORUS
3

Ry Tanindrazanay malala 6! Irinay mba hitahiana anao, Ka ilay Nahary izao tontolo izao No fototra ijoroan'ny satanao. CHORUS

O, our beloved fatherland, May God bless thee, That created all lands; In order He maintains thee. CHORUS

Madagascar

389

Malawi
Mfuko la Malawi Republic of Malawi
Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Africa Area: 45,747 sq. mi. (118,480 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 10,701,824 Capital/Largest City: Lilongwe (pop. 260,000) Official Language: Chichewa, English GDP/PPP: $7 billion, $660 per capita Monetary Unit: Kwacha

Mlungu Dalitsani Malawi God Bless Our Land of Malawi

Lyrics and Music: Michael-Fredrick Paul Sauka (b. 1934). Adopted: 1964.

Historical Background
Michael-Fredrick Paul Sauka wrote the words and music to the song in 1964. Chichewa Words
1

English Words
1

Mlungu dalitsani Malawi, Mumsunge m' mtendere. Gonjetsani adani onse, Njala. nthenda, nsanje. Lunzitsani mitima yathu, Kuti tisaope. Mdalitse Mtsogo leri na fe, Ndi Mai Malawi.

O God bless our land of Malawi, Keep it a land of peace. Put down each and every enemy, Hunger, disease, envy. Join together all our hearts as one, That we be free from fear. Bless our leader, each and every one, And Mother Malawi.

390

Malawi

391

2
Malawi ndziko lokongola. La chonde ndi ufulu, Nyanja ndi mphepo ya m'mapiri, Ndithudi tadala. Zigwa, mapiri, nthaka, dzinthu, N'mphatso zaulere. Nkhalango, madambo abwino. Ngwokoma Malawi
3

2
Our own Malawi, this land so fair. Fertile and brave and free. With its lakes, refreshing mountain air, How greatly blest are we. Hills and valleys, soil so rich and rare, Give us a bounty free. Wood and forest, plains so broad and fair, All-beauteous Malawi.
3

O! Ufulu tigwirizane, Kukweza Malawi. Ndi chikondi, khama, kumvera, Timutumikire. Pa nkhondo nkana pa mtendere, Cholinga n'chimodzi. Mai, bambo, tidzipereke. Pokweza Malawi.

Freedom ever, let us all unite To build up Malawi. With our love, our zeal and loyalty, Bringing our best to her In time of war, or in time of peace, One purpose and one goal. Men and women serving selflessly In building Malawi.

Malawi

392

Malaysia
Persekutuan Tanah Malaysia (Federation of Malaysia)
Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Asia Area: 128,328 sq. mi. (329,750 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 22,662,365 Capital/Largest City: Kuala Lumpur (pop. 1,145,000) Official Language: Malay GDP/PPP: $200 billion, $9,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Ringgit

Negara Ku (My Country)

Lyrics: Special committee. Music: Pierre Jean de Beranger (1780-1857). Adopted: 1957.

Historical Background1
The national anthem, whose tune has a romantic background that links it to the exile of Sultan Abdullah of Perak to the Seychelles by the British, was selected by a special committee headed by Malaysia's first prime minister, the late Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, who was the Federation of Malaya's chief minister and minister of home affairs at the time. Initially, a world-wide contest was held for the composition of a national anthem for the Federation of Malaya However none of the entries, including those from distinguished composers of international standing, were found suitable The final selection was made at a ceremony held at the police depot, Kuala Lumpur, on 5 August 1957 The national anthem in fact is an adaptation of the Perak state anthem, which was selected on account of the traditional flavor of its melody Between 1957 and 1963 the song served as the national anthem of the Federation of Malaya. With the formation of Malaysia in 1963, it was immediately adopted as the national anthem of the new federation. On 4 April 1968 the National Language Act, which makes any act of disrespect toward the national anthem a punishable offence, was gazetted. The honor of performing the national anthem is restricted to designated individuals During the 1992 National Day celebration, the national anthem was given a rather fast beat.

393

394

Malaysia

Malay Words Negara ku, tanah tumpahnya darahku, Rakyat hidup bersatu dan maju, Rahmat bahagia, Tuhan kurniakan, Raja kita selamat bertakhta (repeat previous two lines)

English Translation My country, my native land. The people living united and progressive, May God bestow blessing and happiness May our ruler have a successful reign, (repeat previous two lines)

Malaysia

395

Maldives
Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa (Republic of Maldives)
Quick Country Facts Location: South Asia, Indian Ocean Area: 115 sq. mi. (300 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 320,165 Capital/Largest City: Male (pop. 82,973) Official Language: Dhivehi GDP/PPP. $1.2 million, $3,870 per capita Monetary Unit: Maldivian Rufiyaa

National Anthem
Lyrics: Mohamed Jameel Didi (1915-1989). Music: Wannakuwattawaduge Don Amaradeva (b. 1927). Adopted:
1972.

Historical Background
Wannakuwattawaduge Don Amaradeva, a famous Sri Lankan composer and one of the pioneers in Sinhala music, wrote the tune for the Maldivian anthem in 1971. Dhivehi Words (Transliteration) CHORUS Oawmee mi ekuveri kan mathee thibegen kureeme salaam. Oawmee hahun gina heyo dhua 'a kuramun kureeme salaam. English Translation CHORUS In National Unity we do salute our nation, In the National Language we do offer Our prayers and salute our nation.

1
Oawmee nishaan ah hurmathaa eku boa labaa thibegen Audhaana kan libigen evaa dhidha ah kureeme salaam.

1
We bow in respect to the emblem of our nation, And salute the flag so exalted.

396

Maldives

397

CHORUS
2

CHORUS
2

Nasraa naseebaa kaamiyaabit ge ramzakah himeney Fessa rathaai hudhaa ekee fenumun kureeme salaam. CHORUS

We salute the colors of our flag; Green, red, and white which symbolize Victory, blessing and success.

CHORUS

Maldives

398

Maldives

399

Mali
Republique du Mali (Republic of Mali)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 478,819 sq. mi. (1,240,000 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 11,340,480 Capital/Largest City: Bamako (pop. 746,000) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $9.2 billion, $840 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

Le Mali (Mali)
Lyrics: Seydou Badian Kouyate (b. 1928). Music: Banzoumana Sissoko (1890-1987). Adopted: 1962. French Words
1

English Translation
1

A ton appel, Mali, Pour ta prosperite Fidele a ton destin Nous serons tous unis, Un peuple, un but, une foi. Pour une Afrique unie Si rennemie decouvre son front Au dedans ou au dehors Debout sur les remparts Nous sommes resolus de mourir. CHORUS Pour F Afrique et pour toi, Mali

At your call, Mali, So that you may prosper, Faithful to your destiny, We shall all be united, One people, one goal, one faith For a united Africa. If the enemy should show himself Within or without, On the ramparts, We are ready to stand and die. CHORUS For Africa and for you, Mali,
400

Mali Notre drapeau sera liberte. Pour 1' Afrique et pour toi, Mali Notre combat sera unite. O Mali d'aujourd'hui, O Mali, de demain Les champs fleurissent d'esperance, Les cceurs vibrent de confidence.
2

401 Our banner shall be liberty.

For Africa and for you, Mali, Our fight shall be for unity. Oh, Mali of today, Oh, Mali of tomorrow, The fields are flowering with hope And hearts are thrilling with confidence.
2

L'Afrique se leve enfin Saluons ce jour nouveau. Saluons la liberte, Marchons ver 1'unite Dignite retrouve Soutient notre combat. Fideles a notre serment De faire 1' Afrique unie Ensemble, debout mes freres Tous au rendez-vous de Fhonneur. CHORUS
3

Africa is at last arising, Let us greet this new day. Let us greet freedom, Let us march towards unity. Refound dignity Supports our struggle. Faithful to our oath To make a united Africa, Together, arise, my brothers, All to the place where honor calls. CHORUS
3

Debout, villes et campagnes, Debout, femmes, jeunes et vieux Pour la Patrie en marche Vers 1'avenir radieux Pour notre dignite. Renforcons bien nos rangs, Pour le salut public Forgeons le bien commun Ensemble, au coude a coude Faisons le sentier du bonheur CHORUS
4

Stand up, towns and countryside, Stand up, women, stand up young and old, For the Fatherland on the road Towards a radiant future. For the sake of our dignity Let us strengthen our ranks; For the public well-being Let us forge the common good Together, shoulder to shoulder, Let us work for happiness CHORUS
4

La voie est dure, tres dure Qui mene au bonheur commun

The road is hard, very hard, That leads to common happiness

402

Mali

Courage et devouement, (repeat previous two lines) Vigilance a tout moment, Verite des temps anciens, Verite des tous les jours, Le bonheur par le labeur Fera la Mali de demain. CHORUS

Courage and devotion, Constant vigilance, (repeat previous two lines) Truth from olden times, The truths of every day, Happiness through effort Will build the Mali of tomorrow. CHORUS

Mali

403

404

Mail

Malta
Repubblika ta Malta Republic of Malta
Quick Country Facts Location: Mediterranean Sea Area: 122 sq. mi. (316 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 397,499 Capital: Valletta (pop. 9,183) Largest City: Sliema (pop. 13,541) Official Languages: Maltese, English GDP/PPP: $7 billion, $17,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Maltese Lira

Immu Malti Hymn of Malta

Lyrics: Dun Kann Psaila (1871-1961). Music: Robert Samut (1870-1934). Adopted: 1945.

Historical Background1
In 1922, Dr. A. V. Laferla, Director of Primary Schools, obtained possession of a piece of music composed by Dr. Robert Samut. He handed it to Dun Karm Psaila, a well-known priest and poet, to write the lyrics for it as a school hymn. As Psaila began writing, he suddenly conceived the idea of writing a hymn in the form of a prayer to the Almighty. Psaila, who was later to become Malta's National Poet, wanted to bridge the gap existing between the political parties and to unite all with the strong ties of religion and patriotism The "Immu Malti" was first played on 3 February 1923. In 1945 it was declared to be the official anthem of Malta. Maltese Words English Words2

1
Lil din 1-art helwa, 1-Omm li tatna isimha, Hares Mulej, kif dejjem Int harist: Ftakar li lilha bl-ohla dawl libbist

1
Guard her, O Lord, as ever Thou hast guarded This motherland so dear whose name we bear! Keep her in mind whom Thou hast made so fair!

405

406
2

Malta
2

Aghti, kbir Alia, id-dehen lil min jahkimha. Rodd il-hniena lis-sid. sahha '1-haddiem: Seddaq il-ghaqda fil-Maltin u s-sliem.

May he who rules for wisdom be regarded, In master mercy, strength in man increase! Confirm us all in unity and peace!

Malta

407

Marshall Islands Republic of the Marshall Islands

Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 70 sq. mi. (181.3 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 73,630 Capital/Largest City: Majuro (pop. 20,000) Official Languages: Marshallese, English GDP/PPP. $115 million, $1,600 per capita Monetary Unit: U.S. Dollar

Forever Marshall Islands

Lyrics and Music: Amata Kabua (b.1928) Marshallese Words Aelon eo ao ion lometo; Einwot wut ko loti ion dren elae; Kin meram in Mekar jen ijo ilan; Erreo an romak ioir kin meramm mour. Iltan pein Anij eweleo sim woj. Kejolit kij kin ijin jikir emol; Ijjamin Ilok jen in aolemo ran; Anij an ro jemem Wonakke im kej rammon Aelin kein am. (repeat previous five lines) English Words My island lies o'er the ocean; Like a wreath of flowers upon the sea; With a light of Mekar from far above; Shining with the brilliance of rays of life;. Our Father's wondrous creation; Bequeathed to us, our motherland; I'll never leave my dear home sweet home; God of our forefathers Protect and bless forever Marshall Islands, (repeat previous five lines)

408

Marshall Islands

409

410

Marshall Islands

Marshall Islands

411

Mauritania
Al-Jumhuriyah Al-Islamiyah Al-Muritaniyah (Islamic Republic of Mauritania)
Quick Country Facts Location: Northwest Africa Area: 397,953 sq. mi. (1,030,700 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 2,828,858 Capital/Largest City: Nouakchott (pop. 480,000) Official Languages: Hassaniya Arabic. Wolof GDP/PPP: $5 billion. $1,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Ouguyia

National Anthem
Music: Tolia Nikiprowetzky (b. 1916). Adopted: 1960.

Historical Background
The Mauritanian anthem was composed by Tolia Nikiprowetzky. a prolific French musicologist and singer, as well as the president of the Mauritanian Society of Authors and Composers. There are no words to the song.

No Words

412

Mauritania

413

414

Mauritania

Mauritius
Republic of Mauritius Republique de Maurice Repiblik Morisie

Quick Country Facts Location: East Africa, Indian Ocean Area: 787 sq. mi. (2040 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 1,200,206 Capital/Largest City: Port Louis (pop. 134,516) Languages: English, French, Creole GDP/PPP: $12.9 billion, $10,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Mauritian Rupee

Motherland
Lyrics: Jean Georges Prosper (b. 1933). Music: Philippe Gentil (b. 1928). Adopted: 1968. Words Glory to thee, motherland, O motherland of mine. Sweet is thy beauty, Sweet is thy fragrance. Around thee we gather As one people. As one nation, For peace, justice and liberty. Beloved country, may God bless thee For ever and ever.

415

Mauritius

416

Mexico
Estados Unidos Mexicanos (United Mexican States)

Quick Country Facts Location: North America Area: 761,600 sq. mi. (1,972,550 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 100.400,165 Capital/Largest City: Mexico City (pop. 19,750,000) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $920 billion, $9,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Peso

Himno Nacional Mexicano (National Anthem of Mexico)

Lyrics: Francisco Gonzalez Bocanegra (1824-1861). Music: Jaime Nuno (1824-1908). Adopted: 1854.

Historical Background1
The Mexican anthem was born out of a conception by General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who felt that there should be "a truly patriotic song adopted by the Supreme Government as the National Anthem." His ideas were published in a literary journal on 12 November 1853. A competition for a national anthem was soon announced, and two separate commissions of writers and musicians were set up. The poet Francisco Gonzalez Bocanegra won the contest for the lyrics, while Jaime Nuno's composition was selected for the music. Nuno was the director of military bands from Catalonia residing in Havana. He had come to Mexico at the request of Santa Anna. The song was first performed on the night of 15 September 1854 at the National Theatre An Italian opera company directed by the teacher Juan Bottesini was put in charge of this task. Spanish Words (First, Fifth, Sixth, and Tenth Verses, 10 Total) CHORUS Mexicanos, al grito de guerra El acero aprestad y el bridon. CHORUS Mexicans, at the cry of battle Lend your swords and bridle;
417

English Translation

418

Mexico

Y retiemble en sus centres la tierra Al sonoro rugir del canon. (repeat previous two lines)

And let the earth tremble at its centre Upon the roar of the cannon, (repeat previous two lines)

1
Cina joh PATRIA! tus sienes de oliva De la paz el arcangel divino, Que en el cielo tu eterno destine For el dedo de DIGS se escribio. Mas si osare un extrano enemigo Profanar con su planta tu suelo, Piensa joh PATRIA querida! que el cielo Un soldado en cada hijo te dio. CHORUS
5

1
Your forehead shall be girded, oh fatherland, With olive garlands by the divine archangel of peace, For in heaven your eternal destiny Has been written by the hand of God. But should a foreign enemy Profane your land with his sole, Think, beloved fatherland, that heaven Gave you a soldier in each son. CHORUS
5

jGuerra, guerra sin tregua al que intente De la PATRIA manchar los blasones! jGuerra, guerra! los patrios pendones En las olas de sangre empapad. jGuerra, guerra! En el monte, en el valle Los canones horrisonos truenen, Y los ecos sonoros resuenen Con las voces de junion! jlibertad! CHORUS
6

War, war without truce against who would attempt To blemish the honor of the fatherland! War, war! The patriotic banners Saturate in waves of blood. War, war! On the mount, in the vale The terrifying cannon thunder And the echoes nobly resound To the cries of union! liberty! CHORUS
6

Antes, PATRIA, que inermes tus hijos Bajo el yugo su cuello dobleguen. Tus campinas con sangre se rieguen, Sobre sangre se estampe su pie; Y sus templos, palacios y torres Se derrumben con horrido estruendo, Y sus ruinas existan diciendo: De mil heroes la PATRIA aqui fue. CHORUS

Fatherland, before your children become unarmed Beneath the yoke their necks in sway, May your countryside be watered with blood, On blood their feet trample. And may your temples, palaces and towers Crumble in horrid crash, And their ruins exist saying: The fatherland was made of one thousand heroes here. CHORUS

Mexico

419

10
jPATRIA! jPATRIA! tus hijos te juran Exhalar en tus aras su aliento, Si el clarin con su belico acento Los convoca a lidiar con valor. jPara ti las guirnaldas de oliva; Un recuerdo para ellos de gloria! jUn laurel para ti, de victoria; Un sepulcro para ellos, de honor! CHORUS

10
Fatherland, fatherland, your children swear To exhale their breath in your cause, If the bugle in its belligerent tone Should call upon them to struggle with bravery. For you the olive garlands! For them a memory of glory! For you a laurel of victory! For them a tomb of honor! CHORUS

Mexico

420

Mexico

421

422

Mexico

Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia

Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 271 sq. mi. (702 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 135,869 Capital/Largest City: Palikir (pop. 9.900) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $269 million, $2,000 per capita Monetary Unit: U.S. Dollar

Patriots of Micronesia
Words
1 We people of Micronesia Exercise sov'reignty Establish our constitution Of Federated States. CHORUS Make one nation Of many isles, Diversity of our cultures. Our diff'rences 2 Our Ancestors made their homes here. Displaced no other man. We who remain wish unity, 3 The world itself is an island We seen from all nations Peace, friendship. co-operation,

Affirm our common wish to

live

Will enrich us,

Waters bring us

Been ruled we seek

freedom.

Love and humanity.

With this constitution,

In peace and harmony.

To preserve heritage of past And promise of future.

All together.
They don't sep'rate They sustain us. Our Islands Our nation Get larger And make us stronger And make us much stronger.

Our days began when men

explored Seas in rafts and canoes. Our nation born when men voyaged The seas via the stars. CHORUS

We now become proud

guardian Of our beautiful islands.

CHORUS

423

Micronesia

424

Micronesia

425

Moldova
Republica Moldova (Republic of Moldova)
Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe Area: 13,000 sq. mi. (33,843 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 4,434,547 Capital/Largest City: Chisinau (pop. 676,700) Official Language: Moldovan (Romanian) GDP/PPP: $11 billion, $3,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Moldovan Lem

Limba Noastra Our Tongue

Lyrics: Alexei Mateevici (1888-1917). Music: Alexandra CristL Adopted: 1994.

Historical Background
Limba Noastra is a stirring hymn to the Moldovan (Romanian) language written by priest, poet, and publisher Alexei Mateevici. Moldovan (Romanian) Words 1 Limba noastra-i o comoara In adincuri infundata Un sirag de piatra rapa Pe mosie revarsata. Limba noastra-i foe ce arde Intr-un neam, ce fara veste S-a trezit dm somn de moarte Ca viteazul din poveste. Limba noastr3-i numai cintec. English Translation 1 A treasure is our tongue that surges From deep shadows of the past, Chain of precious stones that scattered All over our ancient land. A burning flame is our tongue Amidst a people waking From a deathly sleep, no warning, Like the brave man of the stories. Our tongue is made of songs
426

Moldova

427

Doina dorurilor noastre. Roi de fulgere, ce spintec Nouri negri, zari albastre.
2

From our soul's deepest desires, Flash of lighting striking swiftly Through dark clouds and blue horizons.
2

Limba noastra-i graiul piinii, Cind de vint se misc5 vara; In rostirea ei batrinii Cu sudori sfmtit-au tara. Limba noastra-i frunza verde, Zbuciumul din codrii venici, Nistrul lin, ce-n valuri pierde Ai luceferilor sfenici. Nu veti plinge-atunci amarnic, Ca vi-i liniba prea saraca, Si-ti vedea, cit ii de darnic Graiul tarii noastre draga.
3

Our tongue is the tongue of bread When the winds blow through the summer, Uttered by our forefathers who Blessed the country through their labor. Our tongue is the greenest leaf Of the everlasting forests, Gentle river Nistru's ripples Hiding starlight bright and shining. Utter no more bitter cries now That your language is too poor, And you will see with what abundance Flow the words of our precious country
3

Limba noastra-i vechi izvoade. Povestiri din alte vremuri; i citindu-le 'nirate, Te-nfiori adinc i tremuri Limba noastra ii aleasa Sa ridice slava-n ceruri, Sa ne spiue-n hram i-acasa Vesjnicele adevaruri Limba noastra-i limba sfinta. Limba vechilor cazanii, Care o pling ai care o cinta Pe la vatra lor {aranii.
4

Our tongue is full of legends, Stories from the days of old. Reading one and then another Makes one shudder, tremble and moan Our tongue is singled out To lift praises up to heaven, Uttering with constant fervor Truths that never cease to beckon Our tongue is more than holy, Words of homilies of old Wept and sung perpetually In the homesteads of our folks.
4

Inviafi-va dar graiul, Ruginit de multa vreme, tergeti slinul, mucegaiul AI uitarii 'n care geme Stringeti piatra lucitoare Ce din soare se aprinde

Resurrect now this our language, Rusted through the years that have passed. Wipe off filth and mould that gathered When forgotten through our land. Gather now the sparkling stone, Catching bright light from the sun.

428

Moldova

i-|i avea in revarsare Un potop nou de cuvinte. Rasari-va o comoara In adincuri infundata, Un irag de piatra rara Pe moie revarsata.

You will see the endless flooding Of new words that overflow. A treasure will spring up swiftly From deep shadows of the past, Chain of precious stones that scattered All over our ancient land.

Moldova

429

Monaco Principaute de Monaco (Principality of Monaco)

Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, French Mediterranean coast Area: 0.73 sq. mi. (1.95 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 31,987 Capital/Largest City: Monaco (pop. 30,400) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $870 million, $27,000 per capita Monetary Unit: French Franc

Hymne Monegasque (Hymn of Monaco)

Lyrics: Theophile Bellando de Castro (1820-1903). Music: Charles Albrecht (1817-1895).

Historical Background
The music of the Monegasque anthem was composed by Charles Albrecht based on a traditional folk tune. This song was first performed in 1867. French Words 1 Principaute Monaco ma patrie, Oh! Combien Dieu est prodigue pour toi. Ciel toujours pur, rives toujours fleuries, Ton Souverain est plus aime qu'un Roi. (repeat)
2

English Translation 1 Principality of Monaco, my country, Oh! how God is lavish with you. An ever-clear sky, ever-blossoming shores, Your sovereign is better liked than a king, (repeat)
2

Fiers Compagnon de la Garde Civique, Respectons tous la voix du Commandant.

Proud fellows of the civic guard, Let us all listen to the commander's voice.
430

Monaco

431

Suivons toujours notre banniere antique. Le tambour bat, marchons tous en Avant. (repeat)
3

Let us always follow our ancient flag Drums are beating, let us all march forward. (repeat)
3

Oui, Monaco connut toujours des braves, Nous sommes tous leurs dignes descendants. En aucun temps nous ne fumes esclaves. Et loin de nous, regnerent les tyrans (repeat)
4

Yes, Monaco always had brave men. We all are their worthy descendants. We never were slaves. And far from us ruled the tyrants, (repeat)
4

Que le nom d'un Prince plein de clemence Soil repete par mille et mille chants. Nous mourons tous pour sa propre defense, Mais apres nous, combattrons nos enfants. (repeat)

Let the name of a prince full of clemency Be repeated in thousands and thousands of songs We shall all die in his defense, But after us, our children will fight. (repeat)

Monaco

432

Mongolia MOHFOJI YJIC Mongol Uls

Quick Country Facts Location: Central Asia Area: 604,250 sq. mi. (1,565,000 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 2,694,432 Capital/Largest City: Ulanbataar (pop. 619,000) Official Language: Mongolian GDP/PPP: $4.7 billion, $1,770 per capita Monetary Unit: Tugrik

MOHFOJI YncbiH TepHHH /Jyyjiajr Mongol Ulsim Teriin Duulal (Mongol National Anthem)
Words: Tsendiin Damdinsuren (1908-1986). Music: Bilegiin Damdinsuren (1919-1991) and Luvsanjamts Murjorj (1915-1996). Adopted: 1950.

Historical Background
The music to the Mongolian national anthem was adopted in 1950. Author and scientist Tsendiin Damdinsuren wrote the lyrics in 1961. In 1991, after the country switched to a democratic system of government, the original words were modified and new words were written. Several paragraphs that glorified communism and contained references to the Soviet Union were deleted. Mongolian Words (Transliteration)
1

English Translation
1

Dar khan manai khuvsgalt ulas Dalaar mongolyn ariun golomtoo Daisny khold khezeech orokhgui Dandaa enkhzhizh uurd monkhzhene.

Our sacred revolutionary country Is the ancestral hearth of all Mongols, No enemy will defeat us, And we will prosper for eternity.
433

434

Mongolia

CHORUS Khamag delkhiin shudarga ulastai Khamtran negdsen egneeg bekhzhuulzhee Khatan zorig bukhii chadlaaraa Khairtai mongol ornoo manduuliaa.
2

CHORUS Our country will strengthen relations With all righteous countries of the world. And let us develop our beloved Mongolia With all our will and might.
2

Zorigt mongolyin zoltoi arduud Zovlong tonilgozh zhargalyg edlev Zhargalyn tulkhuur Ichogzhliin tulguur Zhavkhlant manai oron mandtugai. CHORUS

The glorious people of the brave Mongolia Have defeated all sufferings, and gained happiness, The key to delight, and the path to progress Majestic Mongoliaour country, live forever! CHORUS

Mongolia

435

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Mongolia

Morocco
Al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiya Royaume du Maroc (Kingdom of Morocco)

Quick Country Facts Location: Northwest Africa Area: 172,413 sq. mi. (446,550 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 31,167,783 Capital: Rabat (pop. 1,220,000) Largest City: Casablanca (pop. 2,943,000) Official Languages: Arabic. French GDP/PPP: $112 billion. $3.700 per capita Monetary Unit: Dirham

al-Nachid al- Wat am Hymne National (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Ali Squalli Houssaini (b. 1932). Music: Leo Morgan (1919-1984). Arabic Words Arabic Words (Transliteration) Manbit AUahrah Masriq Alanwar Munta daAlsu 'dad Wahamah DumtMuntadah Wahamah Isht Filawtan
437

English Translation Fountain of freedom, source of light Where sovereignty and safety meet. Safety and sovereignty may you ever combine! You have lived among nations with

438

Morocco

Lilala Unwan Mil 'Kull Janaaan Thikr Kull Lisan Bilrooh Biljasad Habba Fataak Labbaa Nidaak Fi Fammee Wa Fi Dammee Hawaak Thar Noor Wa Naar Ikhwatee Hayyaa Lilala Saayeea NushidAddunya Anna Huna Nuhayya Bisha'aar Allah AlWatanAMalek.

title sublime, Filling each heart sung by each tongue, Your champion has risen and answered your call. In my mouth and in my blood Your breezes have stirred both light and fire. Up! my brethren, strive for the highest. We call to the world that we are here ready. We salute as our emblem God, homeland, and king.

Morocco

439

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Morocco

Mozambique Republica de Mo9ambique (Republic of Mozambique)

Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Africa Area: 303.073 sq. mi. (801,590 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 19,607,519 Capital/Largest City: Maputo (pop 1,095,300) Official Language: Portuguese GDP/PPP: $17.5 billion. $900 per capita Monetary Unit: Metical

Hino Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics and Music: Justino Sigaulane Chemane. Adopted: 1975.

Historical Background1
Since 1992. Mozambique has had a national anthem that consists of a tune, but no words. The main problem with the anthem is its first line"Viva, viva a Frelimo" ("Long live, long live Frelimo")felt to be inappropriate in a multiparty system. Frelimo stands for the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique, the former communists, which had been the only legal party in the country ever since its independence from Portugal The Assembly of the Republic on 27 April 1998 gave its go-ahead to a competition to rewrite the country's national anthem The legislative body had previously decided to retain the current tune, and only alter the lyrics. But it modified that stance later, saying that the melody could be changed "slightly" to accommodate new lyrics. Writers of the new words should exalt "national unity, national independence and sovereignty, the heroism of the Mozambican people, work, equality amongst Mozambicans, and peace and internationalism." However, discussion over the revision of the national anthem, as well as a new national flag, has stalled, and the current anthem and flag will remain the symbols of the country, at least for now

Words Not in Use

441

Mozambique

442

Myanmar
Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (Union of Myanmar)
Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Asia, Indochina Peninsula Area: 265,039 sq. mi. (678,500 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 42,238,224 Capital/Largest City: Yangon (pop. 2,478,712) Official Language: Burmese GDP/PPP: $63 billion, $1,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Kyat

National Anthem
Lyrics and Music: Saya Tin (1914-1947). Adopted: 1948.

Historical Background
Although Myanmar changed its name from Burma in 1989, the use of the latter term in the national anthem has not been altered. Burmese Words (Transliteration) Gba majay Bma pyay Doho hwa myay si mo chi myano bey. (repeat previous two lines) Byay daungtsu go athe hay loo do ka kwe inlay. Da do hyay da do myay way myayDo byay do myay adjogo nyinya zwa do dudway. Taung sating ba tso lay do dawon bay apo dan myay. English Translation We shall always love Burma, Land of our forefathers. We fight and give our lives For our union. For her we responsibly shoulder the task, Standing as one in duty to our precious land.

443

Myanmar

444

Myanmar

445

Namibia Republic of Namibia

Quick Country Facts Location: Southwest Africa Area: 318,261 sq. mi. (825,418 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 1,820,916 Capital/Largest City: Windhoek (pop. 161,000) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $8.1 billion, $4.500 per capita Monetary Unit: Namibian Dollar

Namibia Land of the Brave

Lyrics and Music: Axali Doeseb (b.1954). Adopted: 1991

Historical Background
The national anthem, "Namibia Land of the Brave," was written by Axali Doeseb after the country obtained independence in 1991. Words VERSE Namibia land of the brave, Freedom fight we have won Glory to their bravery. Whose blood waters our freedom. We give our love and loyaltyTogether in unity. Contrasting beautiful Namibia, Namibia our country. Beloved land of savannahs Hold high the banner of liberty.

CHORUS Namibia our country Namibia motherland We love thee.

446

Namibia

447

Namibia

Nauru Naoero
Republic of Nauru

Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 8.2 sq. mi. (21 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 12,329 Capital/Largest City: Yaren (pop. 559) Official Languages: Nauruan, English GDP/PPP: $60 million, $5,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Australian Dollar

Nauru Bwiema Nauru, Our Homeland

Lyrics: Collectively written. Music: Lawrence Henry Hicks (b. 1912). Adopted: 1968. Nauruan Words Nauru bvviema, ngabena ma auwe. Ma dedaro bwe dogum, mo otata bet egom. Atsin ngago bwien okor. ama bagadugu Epoa ngabuna ri nan orre bet imur. Ama memag ma nan epodan eredu won engiden. Miyan aema ngeiym ouge. Nauru eko dogin! English Words Nauru our homeland, the land we dearly love. We all pray for you and we also praise your name. Since long ago you have been The home of our great forefathers And will be for generations yet to come. We all join in together and say: Nauru forevermore!

449

Nauru

450

Nauru

451

Nepal
Nepal Adhirajya (Kingdom of Nepal)

Quick Country Facts Location: South Asia, Himalaya Mountains Area: 54,463 sq. mi. (140,800 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 25,873,917 Capital/Largest City: Kathmandu (pop. 535,000) Official Language: Nepali GDP/PPP: $35.6 billion, $1,400 per capita Monetary Unit: Nepalese Rupee

Royal Salute
Lyrics: Chakrapani Chalise (1884-1959). Music: Bakhatbir Budhapirthi (1857-1920). Adopted: 1924. Nepali Words (Transliteration) English Translation (First Verse, 2 Total)

1
Shri man gumbhira nepali prachanda pratapi bhupati Shri pack sarkar maharajadhiraja ko sada rahos unnati Rakhun chirayu ishale praja Phailiyos pukaraun jaya premale Hami nepali bhai sarale.
2

1
May glory crown you, courageous sovereign, You, the gallant Nepalese, Shri Pansh Maharajadhiraja, our glorious ruler, May he live for many years to come And may the number of his subjects increase. Let every Nepalese sing this with joy.

Bairi sara haraun shant noun sabai bighna vyatha, Gaun sara dinuyanle saharsha nathko sukirthi katha, Rakhaun shasana, bhari birtale, Nepal mathi sadhain nathko Shri has thulo hami nepaliko.

452

Nepal

453

The Netherlands Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe Area: 16,221 sq. mi. (41,526 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 16,067,754 Capitals: Amsterdam (pop. 724,096), The Hague (pop. 445,279) Largest City: Amsterdam Official Language: Dutch GDP/PPP: $434 billion, $26,900 per capita Monetary Unit: Euro

Wilhelmus van Nassouwe (William of Nassau)

Lyrics: Attributed to Marnix van St. Aldegonde (c. 1538-1598). Music: Adriaen Valerius. Adopted: 1932.

Historical Background1
The "Wilhelmus" has been the official Dutch national anthem since 10 May 1932, when the Cabinet decided that it was to be played on all official occasions. Until then, the national anthem had been a setting by the composer J. W. Wilms, commissioned in 1815 on the foundation of the kingdom, of a poem by H. Tollens. This was called "Wiens Neerlands Bloed" ("Whose Dutch Blood"). Even before 1932, however, the "Wilhelmus" was often played or sung on official occasions, for example the investiture of Queen Wilhelmina in 1898. The "Wilhelmus" has fifteen verses, the first and sixth of which are usually sung on national occasions. The first letters of all the verses strung together form an acrostic. WILLEM VAN NASSOV The anthem was written during the Eighty Years' War as a tribute to Prince William I of Orange, the leader of the Dutch revolt against Spanish domination. The writer is generally considered to have been Philip van Mamix, Seigneur of Sint Aldegonde, secretary to the Prince. William of Orange, sometimes known as William the Silent, was the founder of the House of Orange-Nassau. The oldest known version of the melody of the Wilhelmus dates from 1574. It originated in France, probably during the siege of Chartres in 1568. The melody as used today was written down by Adriaen Valerius in 1626 in his collection
454

The Netherlands

455

Nederlandtsche Gedenck-clanck, commissioned by the rhetoricians of Veere. Old Dutch Words (First and Sixth Verses, 15 Total) Modern Dutch Words (First and Sixth Verses, 15 Total) English Translation (First and Sixth Verses, 15 Total)2

1
Wilhelmus van Nassouwe, Ben ick van Duytschen bloet. Den Vaderlandt ghetrouwe, Blijf ick tot inden doet: Een Prince van Oraengien Ben ick vrij onverveert. Den Coninck van Hispaengien

1
Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Ben ik van Duitsen bloed, Den vaderland getrouwe Blijf ik tot in den dood; Een Prince van Oranjen Ben ik, vrij onverveerd, Den Koning van Hispanjen

1
William of Nassau, scion Of a Dutch and ancient line, I dedicate undying Faith to this land of mine. A prince I am, undaunted, Of Orange, ever free, To the king of Spain I've granted

Heb ick altijt gheeert.

6
Mijn Schild ende betrouwen Sijt ghy, O Godt mijn Heer, Op u soo wil ick bouwen Verlaet my nimmermeer: Dat ick doch vroom mach blijven Uw dienaer taller stond, Die Tyranny verdrijven, Die my mijn hert doorwondt

Heb ik altijd geeerd.

6
Mijn schild ende betrouwen Zijt gij, o God mijn Heer, Op u zo wil ik bouwen, Verlaat mij nimmermeer; Dat ik doch vroom mag blijven Uw dienaar t'aller stond, Die tirannie verdrijven Die mij mijn hert doorwondt.

A lifelong loyalty.
6
A shield and my reliance, O God, Thou ever wert I'll trust unto Thy guidance O leave me not ungirt. That I may stay a pious Servant of Thine for aye And drive the plagues that try us And tyranny away.

The Netherlands

456

New Zealand Aotearoa

Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 103,884 sq. mi. (268,680 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 3,908,037 Capital: Wellington (pop. 331,100) Largest City : Auckland (pop. 952,600) Official Languages: English, Maori GDP/PPP: $75.4 billion, $19,500 per capita Monetary Unit: New Zealand Dollar

God Defend New Zealand Aotearoa

English Lyrics: Thomas Bracken (1843-1898). Maori Lyrics: Thomas Henry Smith (1824-1907). Music: John Joseph Woods (1849-1934). Adopted: 1977.

Historical Background1
In 1876 a prize of ten guineas was offered for the best musical setting for Thomas Bracken's poem "God Defend New Zealand." The prize was won by an Otago school teacher, John Joseph Woods. The anthem as we know it was first sung on Christmas Day 1876 in Dunedin by the Lydia Howarde Burlesque and Opera Buffe Troupe accompanied by the Royal Artillery Band. The first Maori translation was carried out at the request of Governor Sir George Grey in 1878 The translator was Thomas Henry Smith of Auckland, a judge in the Native Land Court. In 1940. on the recommendation of the New Zealand Centennial Council, the anthem was declared New Zealand's national hymn. "God Save the Queen" remained the only national anthem until 1977, when the queen consented to giving "God Defend New Zealand" equal status with "God Save the Queen " There have been two further Maori translations of the anthem. The first was undertaken by Archdeacon Sir Kingi Ihaka, Ngati Kahu. in 1975, and a later version was the work of Maori Language Commissioner Professor Timoti S. Karetu.

457

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New Zealand

English Words 1 God of nations at Thy feet In the bonds of love we meet, Hear our voices, we entreat, God defend our free land. Guard Pacific's triple star, From the shafts of strife and war, Make her praises heard afar, God defend New Zealand.
2

Maori Words 1 E Ihowa Atua, O nga iwi matoua Ata whakarongona; Me aroha noa Kia hua ko te pai; Kia tau to atawhai; Manaakitia mai Aotearoa
2

Men of ev'ry creed and race Gather here before Thy face, Asking Thee to bless this place, God defend our free land. From dissension, envy, hate, And corruption guard our state, Make our country good and great, God defend New Zealand.
3

Ona mano tangata Kin whero, kin ma, Iwi Maori Pakeha, Repeke katoa, Nei ka tono ko nga he Mau e whakaahu ke, Kia ora marire Aotearoa
3

Peace, not war, shall be our boast, But, should foes assail our coast, Make us then a mighty host, God defend our free land. Lord of battles in thy might, Put our enemies to flight, Let our cause be just and right, God defend New Zealand.
4

Tona mana kia tu! Tona kaha Ida u; Tona rongo hei paku Ki te ao katoa Aua rawa nga whawhai
NGA TUTU TATA MAI:

KIA TUPUNUIAI

Aotearoa
4

Let our love for Thee increase, May Thy blessings never cease, Give us plenty, give us peace, God defend our free land. From dishonor and from shame Guard our country's spotless name

Waiha tona takiwa Ko te ao marama; Kia whiti tona ra Taiawhio noa. Ko te hae me te ngangau Meinga kia kore kau;

New Zealand

459

Crown her with immortal fame, God defend New Zealand.

5

Waiho i te rongo mau Aotearoa

5

May our mountains ever be Freedom's ramparts on the sea, Make us faithful unto Thee, God defend our free land. Guide her in the nations' van, Preaching love and truth to man, Working out Thy glorious plan, God defend New Zealand.

Tona pai me toitu Tika rawa, ponu pu; Tona noho, tana tu; Iwi no Ihowa. Kaua mona whakama; Kia hau te ingoa; Kia tu hei tauira; Aotearoa

New Zealand (God Defend New Zealand)

460

New Zealand

461

God Save the Queen

Words and Music: Probably Henry Carey (1690-1743).

Historical Background
"God Save the Queen," the national anthem of the United Kingdom, was once sung in many parts of the earth, wherever British colonies existed. Today, it remains the second national anthem of New Zealand and the royal anthems of English-speaking states such as Australia and Canada. Words
1

God save our gracious queen, Long live our noble queen, God save the queen! Send her victorious. Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us; God save the queen!
2

O Lord our God arise, Scatter her enemies And make them fall; Confound their politics. Frustrate their knavish tncks, On Thee our hopes we fix. Oh, save us all!
3

Thy choicest gifts in store On her be pleased to pour; Long may she reign; May she defend our laws, And ever give us cause To sing with heart and voice, God save the queen!

New Zealand (God Save the Queen)

462

Nicaragua
Repiiblica de Nicaragua (Republic of Nicaragua)
Quick Country Facts Location: Central America Area: 50,180 sq. mi. (129.494 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 5,023,818 Capital/Largest City: Managua (pop. 974,000) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $12.3 billion, $2,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Cordoba

Salve a Ti, Nicaragua (Hail to You, Nicaragua)

Lyrics: Saloman Ibarra Mayorga (1890-1985). Lyrics: Luis Abraham Delgadillo (1887-1961). Adopted: 1939.

Historical Background
The music to the national anthem was adapted from an old anonymous liturgical psalm, composed duhng the final days of the colonial era. This portion of the anthem was adopted on 23 April 1918. The words were written by Saloman Ibarra Mayorga. They were significantly revised in 1939 and adopted by Executive Order No. 3 on 20 October of the same year. Spanish Words iSalve a ti, Nicaragua! en tu suelo ya no rage la voz del canon ni se tine con sangre de hermanos tu glorioso pendon bicolor (repeat previous two lines) Brille hermosa la paz en tu cielo nada empane tu gloria inmortal que el trabajo es tu digno laurel English Translation Hail to you, Nicaragua, The cannon's voice no longer roars, Nor does the blood of our brothers Stain your glorious bicolored flag, (repeat previous two lines) Peace shines in beauty in your skies, Nothing dims your immortal glory, For work is what earns your laurels
463

464

Nicaragua

Y el honor es tu ensena triunfal, es tu ensena triunfal.

And honor is your triumphal ensign, Is your triumphal ensign.

Nicaragua

465

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Nicaragua

Niger
Republique du Niger (Republic of Niger)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 489,206 sq. mi. (1,267,000 sq. km) Population (2002 est.): 10,639,744 Capital/Largest City: Niamey (pop. 398,265) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $8.4 billion, $820 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

La Nigerienne (Song of Niger)

Lyrics: Maurice Albert Thiriet (1906-1969). Music: Robert Jacquet (1896-1976) and Nicolas Abel Francois Frionnet (b. 1911). Adopted: 1961.

Historical Background
The national anthem was adopted on 12 July 1961, just after Niger's independence from France. French Words 1 Aupres du grand Niger puissant Qui rend la nature plus belle. Soyons fiers et reconnaissants De notre liberte nouvelle Evitons les vaines querelles Afin d'epargner notre sang; Et que les glorieux accents De notre race sans tutelle S'elevent dans un meme elan English Translation 1 By the waters of the mighty Niger, Which adds to the beauty of nature, Let us be proud and grateful For our new-won liberty Let us avoid vain quarrelling, So that our blood may be spared, And may the glorious voice Of our race, free from tutelage, Rise unitedly, surging as from one man,
467

468

Niger

Jusqu'a ce ciel eblouissant Ou veille son ame etemelle Qui fera le pays plus grand. CHORUS Debout Niger: Debout! Que notre oeuvre feconde Rajeunisse le coeur de ce vieux continent, Et que ce chant s'entende aux quatre coins du monde Comme le cri d'un Peuple equitable et vaillant! Debout Niger: Debout! Sur le sol et sur 1'onde, Au rythme des tamtams, dans leur son grandissant, Restons unis. toujours, et que chacun reponde A ce noble avenir qui nous dit: En avant.
2

To the dazzling skies above, Where its eternal soul, watching over us, Brings greatness to the country. CHORUS Arise, Niger, arise! May our fruitful work Rejuvenate the heart of this old continent, And may this song resound around the world, Like the cry of a just and valiant people. Arise, Niger, arise! On land and river, To the rhythm of the swelling drum-beats' sound, May we ever be united and may each one of us Answer the call of this noble future that says to us, "Forward!"
2

Nous retrouvons dans nos enfants Toutes les vertus des Ancetres. Pour lutter dans tous les instants Elles sont notre raison d'etre. Nous affrontons le fauve traitre A peine armes le plus souvent, Voulant subsister dignement Sans detruire pour nous repaitre. Dans la steppe ou chacun ressent La soif dans le Sahel briilant, Marchons, sans defaillance, en maitres Magnanimes et vigilants. CHORUS

We find again in our children All the virtues of our ancestors. Such virtues are our inspiration For fighting at every moment. We confront ferocious and treacherous animals Often scarcely armed, Seeking to live in dignity, Not slaying with a lust to kill. In the steppe where all feel thirst, In the burning desert, Let us march tirelessly forward As magnanimous and vigilant masters. CHORUS

Niger

469

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Niger

Niger

471

Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria

Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 356,700 sq. mi. (923,768 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 129,934,911 Capital: Abuja (pop. 339,000) Largest City: Lagos (pop. 13,050,000) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $105.9 billion, $840 per capita Monetary Unit: Naira

Arise, O Compatriots
Lyrics: Collectively written. Music: Benedict Elide Odiase (b. 1934). Adopted: 1978.

Historical Background1
The former national anthem, adopted at independence in 1960, was replaced on 1 October 1978, by the current one. The music was composed by Benedict Elide Odiase, director of music of the Nigerian Police Band. The final words of the national anthem were formed from the entries of the best five picks: John A. Ilechukwu, Erne Etim Akpan, B. A. Ogunnaike, Sotu Omoigui, and P. O. Aderibigbe. A total of 1,499 entries were submitted in a competition organized by the National Publicity Committee on the Draft Constitution/Return to Civilian Rule. Words
1 2

Arise, O compatriots. Nigeria's call obey To serve our fatherland With love and strength and faith. The labors of our heroes past Shall never be in vain, To serve with heart and might One nation bound in freedom, peace and unity.

O God of creation, Direct our noble cause; Guide thou our leaders right: Help our youth the truth to know, In love and honesty to grow, And living just and true, Great lofty heights attain. To build a nation where peace and justice reign.

472

Nigeria

473

Norway
Kongeriket Norge (Kingdom of Norway)
Quick Country Facts Location: Northern Europe, Scandinavia Area: 125,049 sq. mi. (324,220 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 4,525,116 Capital/Largest City: Oslo (pop. 483,401) Official Languages: Bokmal and Nynorsk Norwegian GDP/PPP: $143 billion, $31,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Krone

Ja, Vi Elsker Dette Landet (Yes, We Love This Land)

Lyrics: Bjernstjerne Bjernson (1832-1910). Music: Rikard Nordraak (1842-1866).

Historical Background1
In 1864, Bjornstjerne Bjornson completed the lyrics of the Norwegian national anthem, "Ja, Vi Elsker Dette Landet" ("Yes, We Love This Land"). It was written for the 50th anniversary of the constitution. Some say the song was sung for the first time at Eidsvoll on 17 May 1864, while others claim it was in front of the palace in Christiania (Oslo). Regardless of where it was first heard, it caught on quickly and soon became very popular. It became a part of the reading books in schools all over the country and was sung by the children in the children's parades organized by Bjornson on every 17 May. Rikard Nordraak composed the music to the national anthem. He was Bjornson's cousin and put music to several of Bjornson's poems, but composing the music to the national anthem is what gained him the most fame and recognition.

474

Norway

Norwegian Words (First, Seventh, and Eighth Verses, 8 Total) 1 Ja, vi elsker dette landet. som det stiger frem. furet, vaerbitt, over vannet, med de tusen hjem. Elsker, elsker det og tenker psi var far og mor og den saganatt som senker dronuner pa var jord. (repeat previous two lines)
7

English Translation (First, Seventh, and Eighth Verses, 8 Total)2 1 Norway, thine is our devotion. Land of hearth and home, Rising storm-scarr'd from the ocean, Where the breakers foam. Oft to thee our thoughts are wending, Land that gave us birth, And to saga nights still sending Dreams upon our earth. (repeat previous two lines)
7

Norske mann I hus og hytte, takk din store Gud! Landet ville han beskytte skjont det morkt sa ut. Alt hva fedrene har kjempet, medrene har grett. har den Herre stille lempet, sa vi vant var rett. (repeat previous two lines)
8

Men of Norway be your dwelling, Cottage, house or farm Praise the Lord who all compelling Sav'd our land from harm Not the valor of a father On the battlefield Nor a mother's tears, but rather God our vict'ry sealed. (repeat previous two lines)
8

Ja, vi elsker dette landet. som det stiger frem, furet, vaerbitt, over vannet, med de tusen hjem. og som fedres kamp har hevet det av ned til seier, ogsa vi, nar det blir krevet. for dels fred slar leir (repeat previous two lines)

Norway, thine is our devotion. Land of hearth and home, Rising storm-scarr'd from the ocean, Where the breakers foam. As our fathers' vict'ry gave it Peace for one and all, We shall rally, too, to save it When we hear the call, (repeat previous two lines)

Norway

476

Oman
Saltanaat al- 'Umman (Sultanate of Oman)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Arabian Peninsula Area: 82,030 sq. mi. (212,460 sq. km ) Population (2002 est): 2,713,462 Capital/Largest City: Muscat (pop. 350.000) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP: $215 billion, $8,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Omani Rial

Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultam (Sultan's National Anthem)

Adopted: 1972. Arabic Words (Transliteration) Ya Rabbana EhfidLana JalalatAl Sultan Waashabi Fee Al 'wtan Bialeizy Walaman. Walyadum Muoayadda, Aahilan Momajjada; Bilnufoosi Yuftda. (repeat previous three lines) Fa Oman, Nahnoo Min Ahd II Nabi Awfiya Min K 'ram A lArabi. English Translation O Lord, protect for us our majesty the sultan And the people in our land, With honor and peace. May he live long, strong and supported, Glorified be his leadership. For him we shall lay down our lives, (repeat previous three lines) O Oman, since the time of the Prophet We are a dedicated people

477

478 Abshiry Oaboos Jaa Faltubarakhu 'I Sama.

Oman Amongst the noblest Arabs. Be happy! Qaboos has come

With the blessing of Heaven.

Waasidy Waltoq 'hi Bilduoaa. Be cheerful and commend him To the protection of our prayers.

Oman

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Oman

Pakistan
Islam-i Jamhuriya-e Pakistan (Islamic Republic of Pakistan)
Quick Country Facts Location: Southwest Asia, Near East Area: 310,400 sq. mi. (803,940 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 147,663,429 Capital: Islamabad (pop. 201,000) Largest City: Karachi (pop. 12,100,000) Official Languages: Urdu, English GDP/PPP: $299 billion, $2.100 per capita Monetary Unit: Pakistan Rupee

Tarana (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Abu-al-Asar Hafeez Jullandhuri (1900-1982). Music: Ahmed Gulamali Chagla (1902-1953). Adopted: 1954.

Historical Background1
The national anthem of Pakistan is a harmonious rendering of a three-stanza composition with a tune based on eastern music but arranged in such a manner that it can be easily played by foreign bands It was adopted in August 1954. An open competition was held among all highly competitive entries, and the entry of Abu-al-Asar Hafeez Jallundhuri was approved by the jury. The national anthem of Pakistan is one of the most prestigious ones in the world and is very short. Its duration is only one minute and eight seconds. Urdu Words (Transliteration) Pak sarzameen shad bad Kishwar-e-ffaseen shad bad Tou Nishaan-e-Azm-e-aali shan Arz-e-Pakistan Markaz-e-yaqeen Shad bad English Translation Blessed be the sacred land, Happy be the bounteous realm, Symbol of high resolve, land of Pakistan.

Blessed be thou citadel of faith.

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Pakistan

Pak sarzameen ka nizaam Qou\vat-e-Akhou\vat-e-Awam Qaum mulk saltanat Painda tabinda bad Shad badManzil-e-murad Parcham-e-Sitara-o-Hilal Rahbar-e-Tarakkeey-o-Kamal Tarjumaan-e-mazee-shaan-e-Hal Jan-e-Istaqbal Saaya-e-Khuda-e-zuljalal

The order of this sacred land Is the might of the brotherhood of the people. May the nation, the country, and the state.

Shine in glory everlasting. Blessed be the goal of our ambition. This flag of the crescent and the star Leads the way to progress and perfection, Interpreter of our past, glory of our present, Inspiration of our future, Symbol of Almighty's protection.

Pakistan

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Pakistan

Palau
Belu'u era Belau Republic of Palau
Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 177 sq. mi. (458 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 19,409 Capital/Largest City: Koror (pop. 12.299) Languages: Palauan, English GDP/PPP: $174 million, $9,900 per capita Monetary Unit: U.S. Dollar

National Anthem
Lyrics: Written Collectively. Music: Ymesei O. Ezekiel (1926-1984). Adopted: 1980. Palauan Words
1

English Translation (First Verse, 4 Total)

1

Belau loba klisiich er a kelulul, El dimia ngarngii ra rechuodelmei Meng mengel uoluu er a chimol beluu, El ngar cheungel a rirch lomke sang.
2

Palau is coming forth with strength and power, By her old ways abides still every hour. One country, safe, secure, one government Under the glowing, floating soft light stands.

Bo dole ketek a kerruul er a belluad, Lolab a blakelreng ma duchelreng Belau a chotil a klengar re kid, Mebo dorurtabedul msa klisichel.
3

Bod kai ue reke dchim lokiu a reng, E dongedmokel ra dimla koted. Lomcheliu a rengrdel ma klebkellel,
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Palau

Lokiu a budch ma beltikelreng.

4

Dios mo mek ngel tengat ra Be lumam El dimla dikesam ra rechuodelmei, Beskemam a klisicham ma llemeltam, Lorrurt a klungiolam elmo ch'rechar.

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Palestine
DaulatA l-Falasteen (State of Palestine)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Middle East Area: 4,320 sq. mi. (12,000 sq. km.) Population (2000 est.): 5,060,000 Capital/Largest City: Al-Qouds (Jerusalem, pop. 550,590) Languages: Arabic, Hebrew, English GDP/PPP: $1.1 billion, $1,000 per capita Monetary Units: Israeli Shekel, Jordanian Dinar, U.S. Dollar

Biladi (My Homeland)

English Translation My country, my country My country, the land of my grandfathers My country, my country My country, my nation, the nation of eternity With my determination, my fire and the volcano of my revenge The longing of my blood for my land and home I have climbed the mountains and fought the wars I have conquered the impossible, and crossed the borders My country, my country, the nation of eternity
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Palestine With the resolve of the winds and the fire of the guns

489

And the determination of my nation in the land of struggle Palestine is my home, Palestine is my fire, Palestine is my revenge and the eternal land My country, my country, the nation of eternity I swear under the shade of the flag To my land and nation, and the fire of pain I will live as a guerrilla, I will go on as guerrilla, I will expire as guerrilla until I return My country, my country, the nation of eternity.

Music Sheet Not Available

Panama
Republica de Panama (Republic of Panama)
Quick Country Facts Location: Central America Area: 29,761 sq. mi. (78,200 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 2,882,329 Capital/Largest City: Panama City (pop. 450,668) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $16.9 billion, $5,900 per capita Monetary Unit: Balboa

Himno Istmeno (Isthmus Anthem)

Lyrics: Jeronimo de la Ossa (1847-1907). Music: Santos Jorge (1870-1941). Adopted: 1925.

Historical Background
The music to the Panamanian anthem was composed in 1904 by Santos Jorge, a Spanish national who served as director of the Republican Band at the time. That same year, the poet Jeronimo de la Ossa wrote the words at the request of Jorge. The song was approved by Law 30 of 1906 and adopted by Law 28 of 1941. Spanish Words CHORUS Alcanzamos por fin la victoria En el campo feliz de la union; Con ardientes fulgores de gloria Se ilumina la nueva nacion. (repeat previous two lines)
1

English Translation CHORUS At last we reached victory In the joyous field of the union; With ardent fires of glory A new nation is illuminated (repeat previous two lines)
1

Es precise cubrir con un velo

It is necessary to cover with a veil

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Del pasado el calvario y la cruz; Y que adorne el azul de tu cielo De concordia la esplendida luz. El progreso acancia tus lares. Al compas de sublime cancion, Ves ragir a tus pies ambos mares Quedan rumbo a tu noble mision. CHORUS
2

The past times of Calvary and cross; Let now the blue skies be adorned With the splendid light of concord. Progress now caresses your path. To the rhythm of a sublime song, You see both your seas roar at your feet Giving you a path to your noble mission. CHORUS
2

En tu suelo cubierto de flores A los besos del tibio terral, Terminaron guerreros fragores; Solo reina el amor fraternal. Adelante la pica y la pala, Al trabajo sin mas dilation, Y seremos asi prez y gala De este mundo feraz de Colon. CHORUS

In your soil covered with flowers To the kisses of the warm earth, Warrior roars have ceased; Only fraternal love reigns. Ahead the shovel and pick, At work without any more dilation, and we will be as such at work and gala Of this fruitful world of Columbus CHORUS

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Panama

Papua New Guinea

Independent State of Papua New Guinea Papua Niugini
Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Eastern New Guinea Area: 178,704 sq. mi. (462,840 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 5,172,033 Capital/Largest City: Port Moresby (pop. 250,000) Languages: English, Tok Pisin GDP/PPP: $12.2 billion, $2,400 per capita Monetary Unit: Kina

O Arise All You Sons

Lyrics and Music: Thomas Shacklady (b. 1917). Adopted: 1975. Words 1 O arise all you sons of this land, Let us sing of our joy to be free, Praising God and rejoicing to be Papua New Guinea. CHORUS 1 Shout our name from the mountains to seas Papua New Guinea; Let us raise our voices and proclaim Papua New Guinea.

2
Now give thanks to the good Lord above For His kindness, His wisdom arid love For this land of our fathers so free, Papua New Guinea. CHORUS 2 Shout again for the whole world to hear Papua New Guinea; We're independent and we're free, Papua New Guinea.

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496

Paraguay
Repiiblica del Paraguay (Republic of Paraguay)
Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 157,047 sq. mi. (406,750 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 5,884,491 Capital/Largest City: Asuncion (pop 502,426) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $26.2 billion, $4,600 capita Monetary Unit: Guarani

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Francisco Esteban Acuna de Figueroa (1791-1862). Music: Francisco Jose Debali (1791-1859), Frances Dupuy (1813-1861), or Louis Cavedagni (d. 1916). Adopted: 1846.

Historical Background
The Paraguayan anthem was adopted in 1846 and declared official in 1934 Spanish Words (First Verse, 7 Total) 1 A los pueblos de America infausto, Tres centurias un cetro oprimio, Mas un dia soberbia surgiendo, jBasta! dijo, y el cetro rompio Nuestros padres lidiando grandiosos, Ilustraron su gloria marcial; Y trozada la augusta diadema, Enalzaron el gorro triunfal (repeat previous two lines) English Translation (First Verse, 7 Total) 1 For three centuries a reign oppressed The unhappy peoples of America, But one day, their anger aroused, they said: "An end to this!" and broke the reign. Our forefathers, fighting magnificently, Displayed their immortal glory. And when the august diadem was shattered, They raised the triumphal cap of liberty (repeat previous two lines)
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Paraguay

CHORUS jParaguayos, Republica o Muerte! Nuestro brio nos dio libertad; Ni opresores. ni siervos, alientan. Donde reina union, e igualdad. (repeat previous two lines) Union, e igualdad. (repeat)

CHORUS Paraguayans, Republic or death! It was our strength that gave us our final liberty. Neither tyrants nor slaves can continue, Where unity and equality reign, (repeat previous two lines) Where unity and equality reign. (repeat)

Paraguay

499

AenSBJBj

005

Paraguay

50!

Peru Republica del Peru (Republic of Peru)

Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 496,222 sq. mi. (1,285,220 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 27,949,639 Capital/Largest City: Lima (pop. 7,450,000) Official Languages: Spanish, Quecha GDP/PPP: $132 billion, $4,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Nuevo Sol

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Jose de la Torre Ugarte (1786-1831). Music: Jose Bernardo Alzedo (1788-1878). Adopted: 1913.

Historical Background
Once the Protectorate was established after the country's independence. General Jose de San Martin called a contest to establish the national anthem as a symbol of sovereignty. The winning piece was written by Jose Bernardo Alzedo (music) and Jose de la Torre Ugarte (words). The anthem, considered one of the most beautiful in the world, was sung for the first time in the Principal Theatre of Lima on the night of 24 September 1821 by Rosa Merino de Arenas and was chosen as Peru's national anthem on 15 April 1822. In 1869, Claudio Rebagliati made a few revisions to the original lyrics and rewrote some lines. The anthem was adopted officially in 1913. Spanish Words (First Verse, 6 Total) CHORUS Somos libres, seamoslo siempre, seamoslo siempre Y antes ruegues sus luces sus luces sus luces el sol, Que faltemos al voto solemne Que la patria al Eterno elevo. (repeat previous two lines three times) English Translation (First Verse, 6 Total) CHORUS We are free; let us always be so, let us always be so Let the sun rather deny its deny its light Than that we should fail the solemn vow Which our country raised to God (repeat previous two lines three times)
502

Peru
1 1

503

Largo tiempo, el peruano oprimido la ominosa cadena arrastro condenado a cruel servidumbre largo tiempo, largo tiempo, largo tiempo en silencio gimio. Mas apenas el grito sagrado jLibertad! en sus costas se oyo, la indolencia de esclavo sacude. la humillada, la humillada, la humillada cerviz levanto la humillada, cerviz levanto, cerviz levanto

For a long time the Peruvian, oppressed. Dragged the ominous chain; Condemned to cruel serfdom. For a long time, for a long time. for a long time he moaned in silence. But as soon as the sacred cry of Freedom! was heard on his coasts. He shook off the indolence of the slave. He raised his humiliated. his humiliated, his humiliated head He raised, he raised his humiliated head

CHORUS

CHORUS

Peru

504

Peru

505

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Peru

Peru

507

The Philippines
Republik ng Pilipinas Republic of the Philippines

Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Asia Area: 115,830 sq. mi. (300,000 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 84,525,639 Capital/Largest City: Manila (pop. 13,450,000) Official Languages: Filipino, English GDP/PPP: $335 billion, $4,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Peso

Pambangsang Awit ng Pilipinas Marcha Nacional Filipina (Philippine National March)

Filipino Lyrics: Felipe Padilla de Leon (1912-1992). Spanish Lyrics: Jose Palma. Music: Julian Felipe (1861-1944). Adopted: 1935.

Historical Background1
The Philippine national anthem is a product of revolution, a response to the need of the revolutionary times that gave birth to it. And this need arose in 1898, when the revolution against Spain was in its second year and a Filipino victory was in sight. General Emilio Aguinaldo astutely recognized the need for national symbols to rally the nation against the enemy. On 5 June 1898, he commissioned Julian Felipe, a Cavite pianist and composer, to work on a march for the revolutionists. Felipe worked on the assignment for six days and on 11 June, sitting in front of a piano in the Aguinaldo living room, played his music before the president and his lieutenants. Named by Felipe the "Marcha Filipino Magdalo" (after Aguinaldo's nom de guerre and his faction in the Katipunan), the music was adopted on the spot and renamed the "Marcha Nacional Filipina" ("Philippine National March"). The national anthem was heard publicly for the first time on 12 June 1898, when, standing on the balcony of his Kawit mansion, Aguinaldo proclaimed Asia's first independent republic before a cheering throng. Two rallying symbols
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509

were presented to the infant nation that day. Also displayed for the first time was the national flag, unfurled to the stirring strains of the marcha national played by the band of San Francisco de Malabon (now Heneral Trias) whose members had learned the music the day before. But still without words, Felipe's music was simply a march. It could not be sung. The need for lyrics was just as great as there was for the music. In December 1898, the Philippines was ceded by Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris. Having thrown off Spanish rule, the Filipinos found themselves under new colonial masters, the Americans. In February of 1899, the Filipino-American War erupted. The defiant lyrics to march the stirring strains of Felipe were supplied by Jose Palma, a 23-year-old soldier who was as adept with the pen as he was with the sword. He wrote a poem entitled "Filipinas" and this was wed to the Felipe composition. The anthem was readily taken by the young nation at war. But on 23 March 1901, the war with America ground to a halt with the capture of Aguinaldo in Palanan, Isabela. The first half of the century were years of humiliation for the Filipinos. The American administrators discouraged the singing of the anthem. Nevertheless, in the 1920s, Palma's original Spanish lyrics underwent several English and Tagalog translations. The most popular were the following versions, one in English by Camilo Osias and M. A. L. Lane and one in Tagalog. In 1956, a new version penned by the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa (Institute of National Language) was adopted. Filipino Words Bayang Magiliw, Perlas ng Silanganan Alab ng Puso sa dibdib mo'y buhay Spanish Words Tierra adorada, Hija del Sol de Oriente, Su fuego ardiente En ti latiendo esta. Lupang Hinirang, Duyan ka ng magiting, Sa manlulupig di ka pasisiil. Patria de Amores, Del heroismo cuna, Los invasores No te hollaran jamas. Sa dagat at bundok, Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw, May dilag ang tula At awit sa paglayang minamahal. En tus azul cielo, en tus auras, En tus monies y en tu mar Esplende y late el poema De tu amada libertad. English Translation Land of the morning Child of the sun returning With fervor burning Thee do our souls adore. Land dear and holy Cradle of noble heroes Ne'er shall invaders Trample thy sacred shore. O'er within thy skies and through thy clouds And o'er thy hills and seas, Do we behold the radiance feel the throb of glorious liberty. Ang kislap ng watawat mo'y Tagumpay na nagniningning; Ang biruin at araw niya Kailan pa ma'y di magdidilim. Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati't pagsinta, Tu pabellon, que en las lides La Victoria ilumino, No vera nunca apagados Sus estrellas y su sol. Tierra de dichas, de sol y amores, Thy banner dear to all our hearts thy sun and stars alight. Never shall its shining rays Be dimmed by tyrants' might. O beautiful land of love,

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The Philippines

Buhay ay langit sa piling mo; Aming ligaya na pag may mang-aapi Ang mamatay nang dahil sa iyo. (repeat first two stanzas)

En tu regazo duke es vivir, Es una gloria para tus hijos, Cuando te ofenden, por ti morir. (repeat first two stanzas)

O land of life, In thine embrace Tis rapture to lie. But it is glory ever when thou art wronged for us, thy sons, to suffer and die. (repeat first two stanzas)

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Poland
Rzeczpospolita Polska (Republic of Poland)
Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe Area: 120,727 sq. mi. (312,685 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 38,625,478 Capital/Largest City: Warsaw (pop. 1.642,700) Official Language: Polish GDP/PPP: $368 1 billion, $9,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Zloty

Mazurek D^browskiego (Dabrowski's Mazurka)

Lyrics: Josef Wybicki (1747-1822). Music: Michal Kleofas Oginski (1765-1833). Adopted: 1927.

Historical Background1
In 1797 General Jozef Wybicki, who was a member of the Polish troops that served Napoleon in Italy and Spain, penned a song to bid farewell to the departing Polish army. The Polish Legion, led by General Dabrowski, had hoped to come with the Napoleonic troops "from Italy to Poland" to liberate their country, and the Mazurka's text made this hope explicit. The troops fought and won with Napoleon, and a short-lived "Duchy of Warsaw" was born from this hope, only to die in 1815 for the next 100 years. The first line of the text states that "Poland is not dead, as long as we live" and Poles continued to sing these words through the 19th century while struggling for their country's reemergence. Thus, Napoleon Bonaparte became immortalized in Poland's national anthem. Another unusual fact relates to the anthem's music, the traditional melody of a swift mazurka. In the 19th century a variant of this mazurka became a pan-Slavonic hymn, "Hey Slovane," which in 1945 was declared the national anthem of Yugoslavia. Now of course, it no longer serves this function. It is interesting to notice that the two melodies are virtually indistinguishable except for the first three notes. The "Dabrowski's Mazurka" was declared the official anthem of the country in 1926 after Jozef Pilsudski took control of the country. Poland had been independent since 1918, and had no official anthem for the first eight years of its existence. The valiant "Mazurka" became a winner in a competition for the position of the national anthem with several
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other revered songs. Polish Words English Translation

2

1 Jeszcze Polska nie zginela

Kiedy my zyjemy, Co na obca przemoc wzi?la, Szabla. odbierzemy. CHORUS Marsz. marsz, Dabrowski, Z ziemi wloskiej do Polski Za twoim przewodem, Zlaczym si? z narodem (repeat chorus)
2

Poland has not yet succumbed.

As long as we remain, What the foe by force has seized.

Sword in hand we'll gain.

CHORUS March! March. Dabrowski! March from Italy to Poland! Under your command We shall reach our land, (repeat chorus)
2

Przejdziem Wisl?, Przejdziem Wart?, B?dziem Polakami, Dal na przyklad Bonaparte. Jak zwyci?zac mamy. CHORUS
3

Cross the Vistula and Warta And Poles we shall be; We've been shown by Bonaparte Ways to victory. CHORUS
3

Jak Czarniecki do Poznania. Po szwedzkim zaborze, Dla ojczyzny ratowania, Wrocim si? przez morze. CHORUS

As Czarniecki Poznan town regains.

Fighting with the Swede.

To free our fatherland from chains. We shall return by sea. CHORUS

4
Juz tarn ojciec do swej Basi, Mowi zaplakany. Sluchaj jeno pano nasi Bija, w tarabany. CHORUS

4
Father, in tears, says to his Basia: "Just listen.

It seems that our people

Are beating the drums." CHORUS

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Portugal
Republica Portuguesa (Republic of Portugal)
Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, Iberian Peninsula Area: 36,090 sq. mi. (92,391 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 10,084,245 Capital/Largest City: Lisbon (pop. 677,790) Official Language: Portuguese GDP/PPP: $182 billion, $18,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Euro

A Portuguesa (In the Portuguese Way)

Lyrics: Henrique Lopes de Mendonca (1856-1931). Music: Alfredo Keil (1850-1907). Adopted: 1910.

Historical Background1
During the monarchy, the concept of the Portuguese nation was based on the power of the king. There was no notion of a national anthem, and for this reason musical pieces with public or official character were identified with the reigning monarch In this context, in 1826, the "Patriotic Hymn." written by Antonio Marcos Portugal, was considered a national anthem. This anthem was inspired by the final part of the cantata La Speranza o sia L'Augurio Felice, composed and offered to Prince-Regent Dom Joao when he was with the Court of Brazil, which was presented at the Sao Carlos Theater in Lisbon on 13 May 1809 to celebrate his birthday. The lyrics of the "Patriotic Hymn" had different versions depending on the circumstances and events of the era, naturally becoming generalized and national because of its pleasant martial expression, which rallied Portuguese spirits, inviting them to continue with heroic actions. With the return of the king to the country, in 1821, the same author dedicated a poem to him that, when sung with the music of the hymn, spread rapidly and came to be solemnly intoned. Meanwhile, following the revolution of 1820, on 22 September 1822, the First Liberal Portuguese Constitution was approved, sworn by D. Joao VI. D. Pedro, then prince regent in Brazil, composed the "Imperial and Constitutional Hymn," dedicated to the constitution After the death of the King, and with the rise to the throne of D. Pedro, he presented to the Portuguese a Constitutional Charter The hymn he had written spread with the official denomination of

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the "Hymn of the Charter," being considered officially as the national anthem and therefore obligatory at all public ceremonies, after May 1834. Using the music of the "Hymn of the Charter," various works of public nature were composed or dedicated to important events and personalities, identifying it completely with political and social life of the last seventy years of the monarchy in Portugal. At the end of the nineteenth century, "A Portuguesa," a vibrant and stirring march, with strong patriotic sentiment, by affirming the independence it represented and the enthusiasm it drew out, became naturally and on its own merits, a national symbol. The "Hymn," meanwhile, which had been conceived to unite the Portuguese around a common sentiment, because it was sung by the revolutionaries of 31 January 1891, was downplayed by the monarchs and its performance was prohibited at official and ceremonial events. With the installation of the Republic in 1910, "A Portuguesa" flowered spontaneously again with popular voice, being sung and played in the streets of Lisbon. The same Constitutional Assembly of 19 June 1911 that approved the national flag proclaimed "A Portuguesa" as the national anthem. This meant that the composition written by Alfredo Keil and Henrique Lopes de Mendonca became official; it was an extraordinarily happy alliance of music and poetry that was able, in 1890, to successfully interpret the patriotic sentiment of revolt against the English Ultimatum, imposed in humiliating and arrogant terms against Portugal. In 1956, there were a number of variations of the anthem, not just in its melodic line but also in the instrumentation, especially for a band. Recognizing this, the government named a commission charged with determining the official version of "A Portuguesa." This commission prepared a proposal that, approved by the Council of Ministers on 16 July 1957, remains in effect to this day. The anthem is officially played at national civil and military ceremonies where praise is given to the nation, the national flag or the President of the Republic. In addition, its performance is obligatory whenever a foreign head of state is officially received on national territory after hearing the anthem of the represented country. Portuguese Words VERSE Herois do mar, nobre Povo, Na?ao valente, imortal Levantai hoje de novo, O esplendor de Portugal! Entre as brumas da memoria, 6 patria sente-se a voz Dos teus egregios avos Que ha-de guiar-te a vitoria. CHORUS As armas! As armas! Sobre a terra, sobre o mar! As armas! As armas! Pela Patria lutar! Contra os canhoes marchar, marchar! English Translation VERSE Heroes of the sea, noble race. Valiant and immortal nation, Now is the hour to raise up on high once more Portugal's splendor. From out of the mists of memory, Oh Homeland, we hear the voices Of your great forefathers That shall lead you on to victory! CHORUS To arms, to arms On land and sea! To arms, to arms To fight for our homeland! To march against the enemy guns!

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Qatar
Dawlatu Qatar (State of Qatar)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Arabian Peninsula Area: 4,468 sq. mi. (11,437 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 793,341 Capital/Largest City: Doha (pop.300,000) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP: $16 3 billion, $21,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Qatari Riyal

Al-Nasheed al-Oatar (Qatari National Anthem)

Adopted: 1996.

Historical Background
The original Qatari anthem was adopted in 1954 and had no lyrics. It was replaced by a new song with both words and music on 7 December 1996 English Translation I swear by he Who lifted the sky and spread the light Qatar will remain free, Rising high by the spirits of the faithful Move along on the plain road of the ancestors And on the lights of the prophets
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Qatar

Qatar, in my heart, Is the story of glory and the forefathers' honor Qatar of forefathers, Who were our defenders at war, Who were pigeons at peace And predators on the day of redemption.

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Romania Romania
Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe Area: 91,700 sq. mi. (237,500 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 22,317,730 Capital/Largest City: Bucharest (pop. 2,351,000) Official Language: Romanian GDP/PPP: $152.7 billion, $6,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Leu

Deteapta-te, romane (Awaken Thee, Romanian)

Lyrics: Andrei Muresanu (1816-1863). Music: Anton Pann (1796-1854). Adopted: 1990.

Historical Background1
The lyrics of the national anthem belong to Andrei Mureanu, a Romantic poet, journalist, translator, a genuine tribune of the times marked by the 1848 Revolution. The music was composed by Anton Pann, a poet and ethnographer, a man of great culture, a singer, and author of music textbooks Andrei Muresanu's poem "Un rasunet," written and published during the 1848 Revolution, found the adequate music within a few days, as the anthem was sung for the first time on 29 June 1848 at Ramnicu Valcea (in Wallachia the revolution had broken out on 11 June). The poem became an anthem under the title "Deteapta-te romane" ("Awaken Thee, Romanian") and spontaneously earned recognition owing to its energetic and mobilizing message Since 1848 "Deteapta-te romane" has been a song dear to the Romanians, giving them courage in the crucial moments, during the Independence War (1877-1878), just as during World War I In the moments of crisis after 23 August 1944 when, after the state coup, Romania turned against Hitler's Germany and then participated in the war along with the Allies, this anthem was spontaneously sung by everyone and was aired on the national radio, keeping the whole country on alert. The same happened on 22 December 1989, at the time of the anti-Communist revolution; the anthem rose from the streets, accompanying huge masses of people, dispelling the fear of death and uniting a whole people in the lofty feelings of the moment Thus, its institution as a state anthem came by itself, upon the tremendous pressure of the demonstrators. The message of the anthem "Desteapta-te romane" is social and national at the same time; social because it imposes
525

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Romania

a permanent state of vigil meant to secure the passing to a new world; national because it gears this awakening to the historical tradition. The anthem proposes that sublime "now or never," present in all national anthems from the paion with which the Greeks fought at Marathon and Salamina to the French revolutionary "Marseillaise." The invocation of the national fate is the peak a people can reach in its soaring toward the divine. This "now or never" historically calls upon all vital energies and mobilizes to the full. Romania's national anthem has several stanzas, of which the four are sung on ceremonial occasions. Romanian Words (First, Second, Fourth, and Eleventh Verses, 11 Total) English Translation (First, Second, Fourth, and Eleventh Verses, 11 Total)2 1 Awaken thee, Romanian, shake off the deadly slumber The scourge of inauspicious barbarian tyrannies Barbarian tyrannies And now or never to a bright horizon clamber That shall to shame put all your nocuous enemies. All your nocuous enemies. (repeat previous three lines) 2 It's now or never to the world we readily proclaim In our veins throbs and ancestry of Roman And in our hearts for ever we glorify a name Resounding of battle, the name of gallant Trajan.

1
Desteapta-te, romane, din somnul eel de moarte, In care te-adancira barbarii de tirani, Barbarii de tirani, Acum ori mciodata croiete-{i aM soarte, La care sa se-nchine 51 cruzii tai dumani. 1 cruzii tai du;mani. (repeat previous three lines)

2
Acum ori niciodata sa dSm dovezi in lume Ca-n aste mam mai curge un sange de roman. 1 ca-n a noastre piepturi pastram cu fala-un nume Triumfator in lupte, un nume de Traian.

4
Privifi, marete umbre, Mihai, tefan, Corvine, Romana natiune. ai vostri stranepoti, Cu bratele armate, cu focul vostru-n vine, Viata-n libertate ori moarte striga to{i.

4
Do look imperial shadows, Michael, Stephen, Corvinus At the Romanian nation, your mighty progeny With arms like steel and hearts of fire impetuous It's either free or dead, that's what they all decree.

11
Preoti, cu crucea-n frunte caci oastea e cretina, Deviza-i libertate si scopul ei preasfant. Murim mai bine-n lupta, cu glorie deplina, Decat sa fim sclavi iarai in vechiul nost'pamant.

11
Priests, rise the cross, this Christian army's liberating The word is freedom, no less sacred is the end We'd rather die in battle, in elevated glory Than live again enslaved on our ancestral land.

Romania

527

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Romania

Russia
PoccHHCKaa <De,nepaijHa Rossiyskaya Federatsiya (Russian Federation)

Quick Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe, Central and Northeast Asia Area: 6,592,800 sq. mi. (17,075,200 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 144,978,573 Capital/Largest City: Moscow (pop. 13,200,000) Official Language: Russian GDP/PPP: $1.27 trillion, $8,800 per capita Monetary Unit: Ruble

FocyflapcTBeKHBiH THMH POCCHHCKOH Oe^epauHH Gosudarctvenniy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii (National Anthem of the Russian Federation)
Lyrics: Sergei Vladimirovich Mikhalov (b. 1913). Music: Alexandr Vasilievich Alexandrov (1883-1946). Adopted: 2000.

Historical Background1
A new Russian national anthem was adopted on 20 December 2000 by decree of President Vladimir Putin. Its tune is the same as that of the old USSR anthem. New lyrics were written the following year by Sergei Vladimirovich Mikhalov, who also authored the words to the former Soviet song. The issue of national symbols had been left unsettled since Russia became an independent nation in 1991. At the beginning of the 1990s former President Boris Yeltsin proclaimed a flag, emblem and anthem of the new state: the tricolored flag of the Romanovs's czarist empire, a two-headed golden eagle, and the music of the nineteenth-century composer Mikhail Glinka. These symbols were never approved by the Russian parliament, dominated by the communists. They rejected the czar's emblem and flag, so according to the Russian constitution these were never legal. What is more, rumor has it that the wrong piece of music became the anthem. Yeltsin, when signing the decree, had a different

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Russia

Glinka composition in mind than the one that was accepted, which had no lyrics. When taking over, Putin announced the integration of society around new symbols. As he said prior to a meeting of the Duma which was dedicated to these issues, "Russia should refer to different periods of its history, czarist as well as Soviet. The seventy years of the Soviet Union brought good and bad, but we cannot erase the life of our fathers." The will of society confirmed Putin's choice. According to the allegedly objective Foundation of Public Opinion Research 49 percent of Russians want the return of the former Soviet anthem with new words. Only 13 percent wish Glinka's music to remain the country's most important song. The czarist anthem "Bozhe Tsarya Khrani" ("Lord, Protect the Czar") and a song from the times of World War II, "Vstavay Strana Ogromnaya" ("Rise Great Country") were also taken into account. Russian Words Russian Words (Transliteration) English Translation

1
POCCHHCBameHHaa Hauia flepHcasa, PoccHajno6HMaa Haiiia crpana. Morynaa BOJIH, BejiHKaa cjiasa TBOB flocxoHHte na ace BpeMena!

1
Rossiya svyaschennaya nasha dyerzhava Rossiya lyubimaya nasha strana Moguchaya volya vyelikaya slava Tvoyo dostoyan 'ye na vsya vryemyena!

1
Russia, our holy country! Russia, our beloved country! A mighty will, a great glory, Are your inheritance for all time!

CHORUS CnaBbCx, OTCHCCTBO Maine CBo6oAHoe, BparcKHX napoflOB coios BCKOBOH, ripeflicaMH aaHHaa Myapocrb napoflHaa! CjiaBbca, crpana! Mw ropflHMca To6ofl!
2

CHORUS Slav 'sya Otechestvo, nashe svobodnoye Bratskikh narodov soyuz vyekovoy Predkami dannaya mudrost' narodnaya Slav 'sya strana my gordimsya toboy!

CHORUS Be glorious, our free fatherland! Eternal union of fraternal peoples, Common wisdom given by our forebears, Be glorious, our country! We are proud of you!

OT loacHbix Mopefi flo nojiflpHoro Kpaa PacKHHyjiHCb HaiiiH jieca H nojia. Oflna Tbi Ha caere! OflHa Tbi TaKaa XpaHHMaa BoroM pOflHaa aeMJia!

Otyuzhnykh morey do polyarnogo kraya Raskinulis' nashi lesa ipolya Odna ty na svete odna ty takaya Khranimaya bogom rodnaya zyemlya!

From the southern seas to the polar region Spread our forests and fields. You are unique in the world, inimitable, Native land protected by God!

CHORUS

CHORUS

CHORUS

Russia
3
IIlHpOKHH npOCTOp ZUIH MCHTbl H AJIfl HCH3HH

531

3
Shirokiy prostor dlya mechty i dlya zhizni Gryaduschiye nam otkryvayut goda Nam silu dayot nasha vernost' Otchiznye Tak bylo, tak yest' i tak budet vsyegda! CHORUS

3
Wide spaces for dreams and for living Are opened for us by the coming years Faithfulness to our country gives us strength Thus it was, so it is and always will
be!

rpjgryuiHe HaM otKpwBaioT ro.ua. HaM cHJiy flaer Hauia BepnocTb

OTHH3H6. TaK 6bIJIO, T3K CCTb H T3K 6yflCT

scerfla! CHORUS

CHORUS

Russia

532

Russia

533

Rwanda
Repubulika y'u Rwanda Republique Rwandaise Republic of Rwanda
Quick Country Facts Location: East Central Africa Area: 10,169 sq. mi. (26,338 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 7,398,074 Capital/Largest City: Kigali (pop. 232,733) Languages: Kinyarwanda, French, English GDP/PPP: $7.2 billion, $1,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Rwanda Franc

Historical Background1
Rwanda's government unveiled a new flag and national anthem on 31 December 2001 as part of its drive to promote national unity and reconciliation after the 1994 genocide. The new national anthem will refer to the Rwandans as one people, rather than to Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa. Many believe the old anthemadapted from a traditional folk tune thirty years agoglorified the Hutu as they fought to throw off Tutsi oppression. The overthrow of the monarchy in 1959 was accompanied by widespread massacres of Tutsi and the flight into exile of countless others. Legislation providing for the new flag and the new anthem was passed in the late 1990s. The government then organized a nationwide competition, asking Rwandans to design their flag and compose lyrics and music for the anthem.

Anthem Not Available

534

Saint Kitts and Nevis Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis

Quick Country Facts Location: North America. Caribbean Sea Area: 100 sq. mi. (261 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 38,736 Capital/Largest City: Basseterre (pop 19,000) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $339 million, $8.700 per capita Monetary Unit: East Caribbean Dollar

National Anthem
Lyrics and Music: Kenrick Anderson Georges (b. 1955). Adopted: 1983. Words O land of beauty! Our country where peace abounds, Thy children stand free On the strength of will and love. With God in all our struggles, Saint Kitts and Nevis be A nation bound together With a common destiny As stalwarts we stand. For justice and liberty, With wisdom and truth We will serve and honor thee. No sword nor spear can conquer, For God will sure defend. His blessings shall for ever to posterity extend.

535

Saint Kitts and Nevis

536

Saint Kitts and Nevis

537

Saint Lucia
Quick Country Facts Location: North America, Caribbean Sea Area: 238 sq. mi. (616 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 160,145 Capital/Largest City: Castries (pop. 13,600) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $700 million, $4,400 per capita Monetary Unit: East Caribbean Dollar

Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia

Lyrics: Charles Jesse (1897-1985). Music: Leton Felix Thomas (b. 1926). Adopted: 1967.

Historical Background
The national anthem of Saint Lucia was adopted when the country achieved commonwealth status in 1967 and upon complete independence in 1979. Words 1 Sons and daughters of St. Lucia, Love the land that gave us birth, Land of beaches, hills and valleys, Fairest isle of all the earth. Wheresoever you may roam, Love, oh love your island home.

Gone the times when nations battled For this Helen of the West, Gone the days when strife and discord Dimmed her children's toil and rest. Dawns at last a brighter day, Stretches out a glad new way.

May the good Lord bless our island. Guard her sons from woe and harm! May our people live united, Strong in soul and strong in arm! Justice, truth, and charity, Our ideal for ever be!

538

Saint Lucia

539

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Quick Country Facts Location: North America, Caribbean Sea Area: 150 sq. mi. (389 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 116,394 Capital/Largest City: Kingstown (pop. 15,466) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $339 million, $2,900 per capita Monetary Unit: East Caribbean Dollar

National Anthem
Lyrics: Phyllis Joyce McClean Punnett (b.1917). Music: Joel Bertram Miguel (b.1938). Adopted: 1969.

Historical Background
The national anthem of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was adopted when the country achieved commonwealth status in 1969 and upon complete independence in 1979. Words

1
Saint Vincent! Land so beautiful, With joyful hearts we pledge to thee Our loyalty and love, and vow To keep you ever free.

2
Hairoun! Our fair and blessed isle, Your mountains high, so clear and green. Are home to me, though I may stray, A haven, calm, serene.

3
Our little sister islands are Those gems, the lovely Grenadines, Upon their seas and golden sands The sunshine ever beams.

CHORUS Whate'er the future brings, Our faith will see us through. May peace reign from shore to shore, And God bless and keep us true.

CHORUS

CHORUS

540

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

541

Samoa
Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa Independent State of Samoa
Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 1,093 sq. mi. (2,944 sq. k m ) Population (2002 est.): 178,631 Capital/Largest City: Apia (pop. 32,859) Official Languages: Samoan, English GDP/PPP: $618 million, $3,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Tala

The Banner of Freedom

Lyrics and Music: Sauni liga Kuresa (1900-1978). Adopted: 1962.

Historical Background
Originally written and composed in 1948 by Sauni liga Kuresa, the Samoan anthem was adopted fourteen years later. Samoan Words Samoa, tula'i ma sisi ia lau fu'a, lou pale lea; (repeat) Vaai i na fetu o loo ua agiagia ai; Le faailoga lea o lesu namaliu ai mo Samoa Oi! Samoa e, uu mau lau pule ia faavavau. ' Aua e te fefe, o le Atua lo ta fa'a vae O lota Sa'o lotoga, Samoa, tula'i, ia agiagia lau Fu'a lou pale lea. English Translation Samoa, arise and raise your banner that is your crown! Oh! see and behold the stars on the waving banner! They are a sign that Samoa is able to lead Oh! Samoa, hold fast Your freedom for ever! Do not be afraid; as you are founded on God; Our treasured precious liberty'. Samoa, arise and wave Your banner that is your crown!

542

Samoa

543

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Samoa

San Marino
Repubblica di San Marino Republic of San Marino

Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, Italian peninsula Area: 23.4 sq. mi. (61.2 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 27,730 Capital/Largest City: San Marino (pop. 2,397) Official Language: Italian GDP/PPP: $940 million, $34,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Italian Lira

Inno Nazionale (National Anthem)

Music: Ferderico Console (1841-1906). Adopted: 1894.

Historical Background
Based on a tenth century chorale, this anthem was adopted in 1894. Although several poets, including the Italian Giosue Carducci, have written verses to the song, it remains officially without words

No Words

545

San Marino

546

Sao Tome and Principe

Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe (Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa, Gulf of Guinea Area: 370 sq. mi. (1,001 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 170,372 Capital/Largest City: Sao Tome (pop. 43,420) Official Language: Portuguese GDP/PPP: $189 million, $1,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Dobra

Hino Nacional de Sao Tome e Principe (National Anthem of Sao Tome and Principe)
Lyrics: Alda Neves da Graca do Espirito Santo (b. 1926). Music: Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e Almeida

(b. 1933)
Portuguese Words CHORUS 1 Independencia total Glorioso canto do povo Independencia total Hino sagrado combate Dinamismo Na luta nacional Juramento eterno No pais soberano De Sao Tome e Principe English Translation CHORUS 1 Total independence, Glorious song of the people. Total independence, Sacred hymn of combat. Dynamism In the national struggle, Eternal oath To the sovereign country Of Sao Tome and Principe.

547

548 1

Sao Tome and Principe

Guerrilheiro da guerra sem annas na mao Chama viva na alma do povo Congregando os filhos das ilhas Em redor da Patria Imortal Independencia total, total e completa Construindo no progresso e na paz A Nagao mais ditosa da terra Com os brakes heroicos do povo CHORUS 2 Independencia total Glorioso canto do povo Independencia total Hino sagrado combate
2

Warriors in the war without weapons, Live flame in the soul of the people, Congregating the sons of the islands Around the immortal fatherland. Total independence, total and complete, Building, in progress and peace, With the heroic hands of the people, The happiest nation on earth. CHORUS 2 Total independence. Glorious song of the people, Total independence, Sacred hymn of combat.
2

Trabalhando, lutando e vencendo Caminhamos a passes gigantes Na cruzada dos povos africanos Hasteando a bandeira nacional Voz do povo, presente, presente em conjunto Vibra rijo no coro da esperanca Ser heroi na hora do perigo Ser heroi no ressurgir do pais CHORUS 1

Working, struggling, struggling and conquering, We go ahead with giant steps In the crusade of the African peoples, Raising the national flag. Voice of the people, present, present and united, Strong beat in the heart of hope To be a hero in the hour of peril, A hero of the Nation's resurgence. CHORUS 1

Sao Tome and Principe

54')

550

Sao Tome and Principe

Saudi Arabia
al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Saudiyah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Arabian Peninsula Area: 865,000 sq. mi. (1,960.582 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 23,513,330 Capital/Largest City: Riyadh (pop. 3.000,000) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP: $241 billion, $10,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Riyal

An-Nashid al- Watam National Anthem

Lyrics: Ibrahim Khafaji (b. 1935). Music: Abdul Rahman al-Khateeb (b. 1923). Adopted: 1950.

Historical Background
The Saudi national anthem was first performed in 1947. Arabic Words (Transliteration) Sarei Lil Majd Walalya Majjedi Le Khaleg Assama (repeat previous two lines) Warfai El Khaffag Akhdar YahmilAnnoor al mosattar Raddedy Allah Wakbar Yamawteni Mawtenii Gad Isht FakhrAl Mo sierne en Aash Al Maleek Lelalam Walwatan. English Translation Hasten to glory and supremacy! Glorify the Creator of the heavens (repeat previous two lines) And raise the green, fluttering flag. Carrying the emblem of light! RepeatGod is greatest! O my country, my country, may you always live, The glory of all Muslims! Long live the king, for the flag and the country!
551

Saudi Arabia

552

Saudi Arabia

553

Senegal Republique du Senegal Sounougal (Republic of Senegal)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 75,954 sq. mi. (196,190 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 10,589,571 Capital/Largest City: Dakar (pop. 1,729,823) Languages: French, Wolof GDP/PPP: $16.2 billion, $1,580 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

Un peuple, un but, une foi (One People, One Goal, One Faith)
Lyrics: Leopold Sedar Senghor (1906-2001). Music: Herbert Pepper (b. 1912). Adopted: 1960.

Historical Background
This national anthem was written by former President and statesman Leopold Sedar Senghor, who passed away in December 2001. The composer, French ethnomusicologist Herbert Pepper, wrote numerous works of original African tunes. One of his works also became the national anthem of the Central African Republic. French Words 1 Pincez tous vos coras, frappez vos balafons Le lion rouge a rugi. Le dompteur de la brousse D'un bond s'est elance dissipant les tenebres Soleil sur nos terreurs, soleil sur notre espoir. Debout freres voici 1'Afrique rassemblee. English Translation 1 Sound, all of you, your Koras, beat the drums, The red lion has roared, the tamer of the bush With one leap has rushed forward, scattering the gloom. Light on our terrors, light on our hopes. Arise, brothers, Africa behold united!

554

Senegal

555

CHORUS Fibres de mon cceur vert epaule contre epaule Mes plus que freres. O Senegalais, debout! Unissons la mer et les sources, unissons La steppe et la foret. Salut Afrique mere.

CHORUS Fibers of my green heart. Shoulder to shoulder, O people of Senegal, More than brothers to me, arise! Unite the sea and the springs, Unite the steppe and the forest! Hail, mother Africa!

Senegal, toi le fils de 1'ecume du lion, Toi surgi de la nuit au galop des chevaux, Rends-nous, oh! rends-nous Phonneur de nos Ancetres Splendides comme 1'ebene et forts comme le muscle ! Nous disons droitsI'epee n'a pas une bavure. CHORUS
3

Senegal, thou son of the lion Arise in the night with great speed, Restore, oh, restore to us the honor of our ancestors, Magnificent as ebony and strong as muscles! We are a straight peoplethe sword has no fault. CHORUS
3

Senegal, nous faisons notre ton grand dessein : Rassembler les poussins a 1'abri des milans Pour en faire, de Test a 1'ouest, du nord au sud, Dresse, un meme peiJple, un peuple sans couture, Mais un peuple tourne vers tous les vents du monde.

Senegal, we make your great design our own: To gather the chicks, sheltering them from kites, To make from them, from East to West, from North to South, A people rising as one, in seamless unity, Yet a people facing all the winds of the earth.

CHORUS
4

CHORUS
4

Senegal, comme toi, tous nos heros, Nous serons durs, sans haine et les deux bras ouverts, L'epee, nous la mettrons dans la paix du fourreau, Car notre travail sera notre arme et la parole. Le Bantou est un frere, et 1'Arabe et le Blanc. CHORUS

Senegal, like thee, like all our heroes, We will be stern without hatred, and with open arms. The sword we will put peacefully in its sheath, For work and words will be our weapon. The Bantu is our brother, the Arab, and the White man too. CHORUS

556
5

Senegal
5

Mais que si 1'ennemi incendie nos frontieres Nous soyons tous dresses et les armes au poing : Un peuple dans sa foi defiant tous les malheurs ; Les jeunes et les vieux, les hommes et les femmes. La mort, oui! Nous disons la mort mais pas la honte. CHORUS

But if the enemy violates our frontiers, We will all be ready, weapons in our hands; A people in its faith defying all evil; Young and old, men and women, Death, yes! but not dishonor. CHORUS

Senegal

557

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Senegal

Seychelles
Republik Sesel Republique des Seychelles Republic of Seychelles

Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 175 sq. mi. (455 sq. km.) Population (2002 est). 80,098 Capital/Largest City: Victoria (pop. 25,000) Languages. Seselwa, French, English GDP/PPP: $605 million, $7,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Seychelles Rupee

Koste Seselwa (Come Together Seychellois!)

Lyrics: David Francois Marc Andre (b. 1958). Music: George Charles Robert Payet (b. 1959). Adopted: 1996.

Historical Background
The new national anthem gives thanks to God for the harmony, love, and peace reigning in the Seychelles. It replaced the former anthem in 1996. Seselwa Words Sesel ou menm nou sel patri Kot nou viv dan larmoni Lazwa, lanmour ek lape Nou remersye Bondye Preserv labote nou pei Larises nou losean En leritaz byen presye English Translation Seychelles you are our only motherland Where we live in harmony, Joy, love and peace We give thanks to God Preserve the beauty of our country The richness of our ocean A precious heritage
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Seychelles

Pour boner nou zanfan Reste touzour dan Unite Per monte nou paviyon Ansanm pou tou leternite Koste Seselwa!

For the future of our children Let us always be united As we hoist our flag Together, for all eternity Come together Seychellois!

19S

S9||9qoA0s

562

Seychelles

Sierra Leone Republic of Sierra Leone

Quick Country Facts Location. West Africa Area: 27,925 sq. mi. (71,740 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 5,614,743 Capital/Largest City: Freetown (pop. 1,300,000) Official Language: English GDP/PPP. $2.7 billion, $500 per capita Monetary Unit: Leone

National Anthem
Lyrics: Clifford Nelson Fyle (b. 1933). Music: John Joseph Akar (1927-1975). Adopted: 1961. Words

1
High we exalt thee, realm of the free; Great is the love we have for thee; Firmly united ever we stand, Singing thy praise, O native land. We raise up our hearts and our voices on high, The hills and the valleys reecho our

2
One with a faith that wisdom inspires, One with a zeal that never tires; Ever we seek to honor thy name, Ours is the labor, thine the fame. We pray that no harm on thy children may fall, That blessing and peace may descend
on us all;

3
Knowledge and truth our forefathers spread, Mighty the nations whom they led; Mighty they made thee, so too may

cry; Blessing and peace be ever thine own,

Land that we love, our Sierra Leone.

So may we serve thee ever alone, Land that we love, our Sierra Leone.

we Show forth the good that is ever in thee We pledge our devotion, our strength and our might, Thy cause to defend and to stand for
thy right; All that we have be ever thine own, Land that we love, our Sierra Leone.

563

Sierra Leone

564

Singapore Republik Singapura Republic of Singapore

Xinjiapo Gongheguo Singapore Kudiyarasu

Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Asia Area: 252.9 sq. mi. (692.7 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 4,452,732 Capital/Largest City: Singapore (pop. 3,044,000) Official Languages: Malay, Mandarin Chinese, English, Tamil GDP/PPP: $106.3 billion, $24,700 per capita Monetary Unit. Singapore Dollar

Majulah Singapura! May Singapore Progress!

Lyrics and Music: Zubir Said (1907-1987). Adopted: 1959.

Historical Background1
The national anthem was written in the wake of nationalism during 1956-1957. Its composer, the late Encik Zubir Said, had written it on the basis of two words, "Majulah Singapura" or "Onward Singapore." The patriotic song was first performed by the Singapore Chamber Ensemble on the occasion of the opening of the newly renovated Victoria Theater. It was launched on 3 December 1959 together with the national flag and the state crest, at the installation of the new Head of State, Yang di-Pertuan Negara, at the City Hall steps. Upon independence in 1965, "Majulah Singapura" was adopted as the republic's national anthem. A grander and more inspiring arrangement of the song was launched on 19 January 2001. The new recording comes with a revised English version of the lyrics so that the meaning of the
565

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Singapore

anthem can be better understood. Guidelines for the singing and playing of the national anthem have also been relaxed to encourage the singing of the anthem at all events of national significance. Malay Words Mari kita rakyat Singapura, Sama-sama menuju bahagia. Cita-cita kita yang mulia, Berjaya Singapura. Marilah kita bersatu. Dengan semangat yang bam, Semua kita berseru, Majulah Singapura! (repeat) English Words Come, fellow Singaporeans, Let us progress towards happiness together. May our noble aspiration bhng Singapore success. Come, let us unite In a new spirit. Let our voices soar as one. Onward Singapore! (repeat)
2

Singapore

567

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Singapore

Slovakia Slovenska republika (Republic of Slovakia)

Quick Country Facts Location: Central Europe Area: 18,917 sq. mi. (48,845 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 5,422,366 Capital/Largest City: Bratislava (pop. 446,600) Official Language: Slovak GDP/PPP: $66 billion, $12,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Koruna

Nad Tatrou sa blyska (Lightning over the Tatras)

Words: Janko MatuSka (1821-1877).

Historical Background1
The score for "Lightning over the Tatras," the Slovak national anthem, was written in 1884 during a trip by students of Bratislava's Evangelical Grammar School to Levoca in support of Ludovit Stiir. The author, Janko Manika, set his words to the Slovak folk song "A Well She Dug" and the work became the favorite song of Stiir's young followers. It was circulated in hand-written copies and is found in many manuscript song collections. Based on a popular melody and written in standard Slovak, it became known across the nation and was adopted by the Slovak volunteers of 1848, who printed it as a pamphlet. In December 1918 the first stanza became part of the national anthem of the Czechoslovak Republic and since 1 January 1993 the first two stanzas have constituted the national anthem of the independent Slovak Republic

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Slovakia

Slovak Words 1 Nad Tatrou sa blyska, hromy divo bijii, (repeat) Zastavme ich, bratia, ved"sa ony stratia. Slovaci ozijii. (repeat previous two lines)

English Translation 1 Lightning flashes over the Tatra, the thunder pounds wildly, (repeat) Let them pause, brothers, they will surely disappear. The Slovaks will revive. (repeat previous two lines)

To Slovensko nase posial' tvrdo spalo, (repeat) ale blesky hromu vzbudzuju ho k tomu, aby sa prebralo. (repeat previous two lines)

This Slovakia of ours has been fast asleep until now, (repeat) But the thunder and lightning Are encouraging it to come alive, (repeat previous two lines)

Slovakia

571

Slovenia
Republika Slovenija (Republic of Slovenia)
Quick Country Facts Location: East Central Europe Area: 7,819 sq. mi. (20,273 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 1,932,917 Capital/Largest City: Ljubljana (pop. 330,000) Official Language: Slovenian GDP/PPP: $36 billion, $18,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Slovenian Tolar

Zdravljica (The Toast)

Lyrics: France Preseren (1800-1849). Music: Stanko Premrl (1880-1965). Adopted: 1989.

Historical Background1
France Preseren is Slovenia's greatest and most celebrated poet. The national awards for culture bear his name and are awarded on the National Day of Culture (8 February), an official holiday. A widely renowned figure of European Romanticism, Preseren established through his prodigious work a focus for Slovenia's first national program. "Zdravljica" represents the peak of Preseren's political poetry. It was written in autumn 1844, removed from the manuscript of the collection of poems Poezije (1847) by the censors, and published on 26 April 1848 in the newspaper Novice after the collapse of Metternich's absolutism and the termination of censorship. Its dominant idea, a radical demand for freedom of the Slovenian nation, arises from the humanistic vision of equality and friendly coexistence of all nations, and every person's right to independence. It originates from the concepts of the French Revolution of equality, freedom, and brotherhood, which were adjusted to the basic political needs of the Slovenian people at the time of the "Spring of Nations" and concerned their independence. However, Preseren's "Marseillaise" reaches beyond the nature of a political manifesto and bears a strong note of intimate humanity. In the history of constituting the Slovenian nation PreSeren's "Zdravljica" was of extreme conceptual significance. It became particularly topical during the occupation and National Liberation Struggle from 1941 to 1945, and in the period of what was called the "Slovenian Spring" in the eighties when it started to be sung as the national anthem on
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Slovenia

573

state holidays and major public events. "Zdravljica" was proclaimed the new Slovenian anthem on 27 September 1989 when the Slovenian Assembly adopted the Amendments to the Slovenian Constitution. The Law on the National Anthem of the Republic of Slovenia adopted on 29 March 1990 specified the seventh stanza set to the music of Stanko Premrl as the actual anthem. Following the independence of Slovenia, the National Assembly adopted (in 1994) the law governing the official crest, the national flag and the anthem of the Republic of Slovenia. Slovenian Words Zive naj vsi narodi ki hrepene docakaf dan. da koder sonce hodi, prepir iz sveta bo pregnan, da rojak prost bo vsak, ne vrag, le sosed bo mejak! da rojak prost bo vsak, ne vrag, le sosed bo ne vrag, le sosed bo mejak! English Translation God's blessing on all nations, Who long and work for that bright day, When o'er earth's habitation No war, no strife shall hold its sway; Who long to see That all man free No more shall foes, but neighbors be. Who long to see That all man free No more shall foes, but No more shall foes, but neighbors be

Slovenia

574

Solomon Islands
Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 11,500 sq. mi. (28,450 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 494,786 Capital/Largest City: Honiara (pop. 35,288) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $800 million, $1,700 per capita Monetary Unit: Solomon Islands Dollar

God Save Our Solomon Islands

Lyrics and Music: Panapasa Balekana (b. 1929). Adopted: 1978. Words God save our Solomon Islands from shore to shore. Bless all her people and her lands With Your protecting hands. Joy, peace, progress and prosperity; That men should brothers be, make nations see. Our Solomon Islands, Our Solomon Islands, Our nation, Solomon Islands, Stands for evermore.

575

Solomon Islands

576

Solomon Islands

577

Somalia Al Jumhouriya As-Somalya al-Dimocradia (Democratic Republic of Somalia)

Quick Country Facts Location: East Africa Area: 246,199 sq. mi. (637,657 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 7,753,310 Capital/Largest City: Mogadishu (pop. 900,000) Official Languages: Somali, Arabic GDP/PPP: $4.1 billion, $550 per capita Monetary Unit: Somali Shilling

National Anthem

Historical Background1
In 2000, after ten years of anarchy and civil war, Somalia finally received a somewhat stable democratic government. A new anthem was adopted that, unlike the previous one, has lyrics.

Anthem Unavailable

578

South Africa
Republic of South Africa Republiek van Suid-Afrika
Quick Country Facts Location: Southern Africa Area: 471,440 sq. mi. (1,219,912 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 43,647,658 Capitals: Pretoria (pop. 1,080,187), Cape Town (pop. 2,350,157), Bloemfontein (pop. 700,325) Largest City: Johannesburg (pop. 5,700,000) Official Languages: English, Afrikaans, Ndebele, Sesotho sa Leboa, Sesotho, Swati, Xitsonga, Setswana, Tshivenda, Xhosa, Zulu GDP/PPP: $412 billion, $9,400 per capita Monetary Unit: Rand

National Anthem of South Africa

Lyrics: Enoch Mankayi Sontonga (1860-1904) and Cornelius Jacob Langenhoven (1873-1932). Music: Enoch Mankayi Sontonga (1860-1904) and Marthinus Lourens de Villiers (1885-1977). Adopted: 1995.

Historical Background1
A proclamation issued by the (then) state president on 20 April 1994 in terms of the provisions of Section 248(1) together with Section 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, No. 200 of 1993, stated that the Republic of South Africa would have two national anthems. They were "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" and "The Call of South Africa" ("Die Stem van Suid-Afrika"). In terms of Section 4 of the Constitution of South Africa, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996) and following a proclamation in the Government Gazette No. 18341 (dated 10 October 1997), a shortened, combined version of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" and "The Call of South Africa" is now the national anthem of South Africa. "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" is a poem written by Cornelius Jacob Langenhoven in May 1918. The music was composed by the Reverend Marthinus Lourens de Villiers in 1921. The South African Broadcasting Corporation played both "God Save the King" and "Die Stem" to close their daily broadcasts and the public became familiar with it. It was first sung publicly at the official hoisting of the national flag in Cape Town on 31 May 1928, but it was not until 2 May 1957 that the government made the announcement that "Die Stem" had been accepted as the official national anthem of
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South Africa

South Africa. In the same year, the government also acquired the copyright and this was confirmed by Act of Parliament in 1959. In 1952 the official English version of the national anthem, the "Call of South Africa," was accepted for official

use.
"Nkosi SikeleF iAfrika" was composed in 1897 by Enoch Sontonga, a Methodist mission school teacher. The words of the first stanza were originally written in Xhosa as a hymn. Seven additional stanzas in Xhosa were later added by the poet Samuel Mqhayi. A Sesotho version was published by Moses Mphahlele in 1942. "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" was popularized at concerts held in Johannesburg by Reverend J. L. Dube's Ohlange Zulu Choir. It became a popular church hymn that was later adopted as an anthem at political meetings. It was sung as an act of defiance during the apartheid years. The first stanza is generally sung in Xhosa or Zulu followed by the Sesotho version. Apparently there is no standard version or translations of "Nkosi" and the words vary from place to place and from occasion to occasion. Words (Xhosa, Sesotho, Afrikaans, English) Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika, Maluphakanyisw' uphondo Iwayo. Yizwa imithandazo yethu, Nkosi sikelela, thina lusapho Iwayo. Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso, O fedise dintwa la matshwenyeho, O se boloke, o se boloke setjhaba sa heso. Setjhaba sa South Afrika, South Afrika. Uit die blou van onse hemel. Uit die diepte van ons see. Oor ons ewige gebergtes. Waar die kranse antwoord gee. Sounds the call to come together, And united we shall stand. Let us live and strive for freedom In South Africa our land! English Translation Lord, bless Africa, May her spirit rise high up. Hear thou our prayers, Lord bless us, your family. Descend, O Spirit, Save our nation. End all wars and strife, Bless South Africa, South Africa. Ringing out from our blue heavens, From our deep seas breaking round; Over everlasting mountains Where the echoing crags resound. Sounds the call to come together, And united we shall stand. Let us live and strive for freedom In South Africa our land!

South Africa

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South Africa

Spain Reino de Espafla (Kingdom of Spain)

Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, Iberian Peninsula Area: 195,365 sq. mi. (504,782 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 40,077,100 Capital/Largest City: Madrid (pop. 5.050,000) Official Language: Castilian Spanish GDP/PPP: $828 billion, $20,700 per capita Monetary Unit: Euro

Marcha Real (Royal March)

Adopted: 1942.

Historical Background1
Spain's national anthem is one of the oldest in Europe. Its origins are unknown. The music was found in a document dated in the year 1761, the "Libra de Ordenanza de los toques militares de la Infanteria Espanola"the Spanish Infantry's book of regulation bugle callsby Manuel de Espinosa. The anthem appears there with the title "March of the Grenadiers," already then with the mention "unknown author." A long time before, the King's Grenadiers engaged in battle and marched past the Royal Family in tune with their "March." Some historians stress the similarities of the March with military airs from the time of Emperor Charles I of Spain and V of Germany, or his son's FelipePhilipII (sixteenth century). King Carlos III declared on 3 September 1770 the "Marcha Granadera" as the "Honor March," making official the traditional custom of playing it at public and ceremonial events. In a short time, and without any specific law declaring it so, Spaniards regarded "La Marcha Granadera" as their national anthem and called it "La Marcha Real," or "The Royal March," because it was always played at public events in presence of the king, the queen, or the Prince of Asturias, the official title of Spain's Crown Prince. "La Marcha Real" has always been the Spanish national anthem except for the period of the Second Republic (1931-1939), when the "Himno de Riego" was adopted. This was a march of the National Militia Battalions from the
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Spain

early nineteenth century. After the Civil War, Franco declared "La Marcha Real" again as the anthem but retained its old title "La Marcha Granadera." In October 1997 a Royal Decree was promulgated regulating the official use of the "Marcha Real," both for its long or complete version and for its short one. A partition was officially promulgated after its adoption by the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, in which the musical tones from the eighteenth century are recovered and brought out. "La Marcha Real" is one of the few national anthems which has only a tune, but no lyrics. During the reign of Alfonso XIII a poem was written to be used as lyrics of the anthem, but this was neither officially recognized nor did it catch on in people's traditions. During Franco's dictature (1939-1975), the anthem was sometimes sung with the lyrics written by poet Jose Maria Peman. These lyrics were never officially recognized, however.

No Words

Spain

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Spain

Sri Lanka
Shri Lanka Prajatantrika Samajavadi Janarajaya Ilangai Jananayaka Socialisa Kudiarasu (Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka)

Quick Country Facts Location: South Asia, Indian Ocean Area: 25,332 sq. mi. (65,610 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 19,576,783 Capitals: Colombo (pop. 1,994,000), Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte(pop. 107,000) Largest City: Colombo Official Languages: Sinhala, Tamil GDP/PPP: $62.7 billion, $3,250 per capita Monetary Unit: Sri Lanka Rupee

Sri Lanka Matha Sri Lanka Thaaye (Mother Sri Lanka)

Lyrics and Music: Ananda Samarakone (1911-1962). Adopted: 1952.

Historical Background1
After gaining independence from foreign rule the people of Sri Lanka were kindled with patriotic feeling. On the recommendation of the Sri Lanka Gandharva Sabha, a competition to select a national anthem was conducted in January 1948. The winning entry, Ananda Samarakoon's composition "Namo Namo Matha," was chosen as the national anthem on 22 November 1951. The main theme of the anthem is to instill honor and respect to the Motherland and create national development through unity. During the early 1950s there was a controversy about the national anthem. A defect was found in the lyrics, and the opening words were changed to "Sri Lanka MathaApa Sri Lanka." The first rendering of the national anthem was made on Independence Day, 4 February 1952, by a group of 500 students from Musaeus College, Colombo, and
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Sri Lanka

broadcast over the radio. The National Anthem is incorporated into section 7, third schedule of the Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Sinhala Words (Transliteration)
1

Tamil Words (Transliteration, First Verse, 2 Total)

1

English Translation
1

Sri Lanka Matha Apa Sri Lanka Namo Namo Namo Namo Matha Sundara siri barani surandi athi soba mana Lanka Dhanya dhanaya neka malpalathuru pirijaya bhoomiya Ramya Apa hata sapa siri setha sadhana jeevanaye matha Piliganumana apa bhakthipooja Namo Namo Matha Apa Sri Lanka Namo Namo Namo Namo Matha
2

Sri Lanka Thaaye, nam Sri Lanka, Namo Namo Namo Namo Thaaye. Nallelil poli Seeranee, Nalangal yaavum Niraivaan mani Lanka Gnaalam puhala vala vayal nathi malai malar narum solai kol Lanka. Namathuru puhalidam ena olir vaai, namathuyire Thaaye! Namathalai ninathadi mail vyththome Namo Namo Thaaye. Nam Sri Lanka, Namo Namo Namo Namo Thaaye.

Mother Lanka we worship Thee! Plenteous in prosperity, Thou, Beauteous in grace and love, Laden with grain and luscious fruit, And fragrant flowers of radiant hue, Giver of life and all good things, Our land of joy and victory, Receive our grateful praise sublime, Lanka! we worship Thee!

Obave apa vidya Obamaya apa sathya Obave apa shakthi Apa hada thula bhakthi Oba apa aloke Apage anu prune Oba apajeevanave Apa mukthiya obave Navajeevana demine nithina apa pubudu karan matha Gnana veerya vadawamina ragana yanu manajaya bhoomi kara Eka mawakage daru kala bawina Yamu yamu wee nopama Prema wada sama bheda dhurarada

Thou gavest us knowledge and truth, Thou art our strength And inward faith. Our light divine and sentient being, Breath of life and liberation, Inspire us forever. In wisdom and strength renewed, Ill-will, hatred, strife all ended, In love enfolded, a mighty nation, Marching onward, All as children of one mother, Leads us, mother, to fullest freedom.

Sri Lanka

589

Namo Namo Matha Apa Sri Lanka Namo Namo Namo Namo Matha

Sri Lanka

590

Sri Lanka

591

Sudan
Jumhuriyat as-Sudan (Republic of the Sudan)
Quick Country Facts Location: Northeast Africa Area: 967,491 sq. mi. (2,505,810 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 37,090,298 Capital: Khartoum (pop. 924,505) Largest City: Omdurman (pop. 1,267,077) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP: $49.3 billion, $1,360 per capita Monetary Unit: Sudanese Pound

Nahnu Djundullah (Army of God)

Lyrics: Ahmad Muhammed Salih (1896-1971). Music: Ahmad Murjan (1905-1974). Adopted: 1956. Arabic Words (Transliteration) Nahnu Djundullah Djundulwatan. In Da A Da II Fida Lam Nakhun. Natahaddal Maut Endalmihan. Nashta Ril Madjd Bi Aghlathaman. Hathihil Ard Lana! Falyaish Sudanuna, Alaman BaynAl Umam. Ya Benissudan, Hatharamzukum; Yah Miluleb, Wa Yahmi Ardakum. English Translation We are the army of God and of our land, We shall never fail when called to sacrifice. Whether braving death, hardship or pain, We give our lives as the price of glory. May this our land, Sudan, live long, Showing all nations the way. Sons of the Sudan, summoned now to serve, Shoulder the task of preserving our country.

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Sudan

593

Suriname
Republiek Suriname (Republic of Suriname)
Quick Country Facts Location: Northeast South America Area: 63,251 sq. mi. (163,270 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 436,494 Capital/Largest City: Paramaribo (pop. 200,970) Official Languages: Dutch, Sranan Togo GDP/PPP: $1.5 billion, $3,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Suriname Guilder

Volkslied (National Anthem)

Dutch Lyrics: Cornells Atses Hoekstra. Sranan Togo Lyics: Henry F. de Ziel (1916-1975). Music: Johannes Corstianus de Puy (1835-1924). Adopted: 1954.

Historical Background
The music to the national anthem of Suriname was composed by a Frisian, Johannes Corstianus de Puy, in 1876. Lutheran minister Cornelis Hoekstra wrote the Dutch words to the song in 1893. That same year, Sranan Togo words were added by Tresofa, the pseudonymn for Henry F. de Ziel. The anthem today consists of the Dutch first verse and the second verse in Sranan Togo. Usually, the latter is sung most of the time. Words (Dutch, Sranan Togo) English Translation

1
God zij met ons Suriname Hij verhef ons heerlijk land Hoe wij hier ook samen kwamen Aan zijn grond zijn wij verpand Werkend houden w'in gedachten Recht en waarheid maken vrij

1
God be with our Suriname May He glorify our beautiful land However we came together here We are pledged to your soil As we work, let us remember That justice and truth make us free
594

Surname Al wat goed is te betrachten Dat geeft aan ons land waardij.
2

595

Practicing all that is good Will make our country a worthy land.
2

Opo kondreman oen opo! Sranan gron e kari oen Wans operata komopo Wi moe seti kondre boen Stre de f stre wi no sa frede Gado de wi fesi man Eh libi te na dede Wi sa feti gi Sranan.

Rise country men, rise The soil of Suriname is calling you Where ever our ancestors came from We should take care of our country We are not afraid to fight God is our leader Our whole life until our death We will fight for Suriname.

Sunname

596

Swaziland Umbuso wakaNgwane Kingdom of Swaziland

Quick Country Facts Location: Southern Africa, surrounded by South Africa Area: 6,704 sq. mi. (17,363 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 1,123,605 Capital/Largest City: Mbabane (pop. 47,020) Official Languages: Swazi, English GDP/PPP: $4.6 billion, $4,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Lilageni

Ingoma Yesive National Anthem

Lyrics: Andrease Enoke Fanyana Simelane (b. 1934). Music: David Kenneth Rycroft (b. 1924). Adopted: 1968.

Historical Background
The music to the Swazi anthem was composed by musicologist and linguist Professor David Rycroft. Swazi Words Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso TeMaSwati, Siyatibonga tonkhe tinhlanhla, Sibonga iNgwenyama yetfu, Live netintsaba nemifula Busisa tiphatsimandla takaNgwane English Words O Lord our God, bestower of the blessings of the Swazi: We give Thee thanks for all our good fortune; We offer thanks and praise for our king; And for our fair land, its hills and rivers; The Blessings be on all rulers of our Country; Might and power are Thine alone;

Nguwe wedvwa Somandla wetfu;

Sinike kuhlanipha Lokungena bucili Simise usicinise, Simakadze!

We pray Thee to grant us wisdom without deceit or malice.

Establish and fortify us, Lord Eternal.

597

Swaziland

598

Swaziland

599

Sweden
Konungariket Sverige (Kingdom of Sweden)
Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, Scandinavia Area: 173,800 sq. mi. (449,964 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 8,876,744 Capital/Largest City: Stockholm (pop. 703,627) Official Language: Swedish GDP/PPP: $227.4 billion, $25,400 per capita Monetary Unit: Krona

Du Gamla Du Fria (Thou Ancient, Thou Free)

Lyrics: Richard Dybeck (1811-1877).

Historical Background1
The Swedish national anthem "Du Gamla Du Fria" was originally a folk song from the county of Vastmanland in central Sweden. It was called "As I Ride through the Twelve Mile Forest." Rewritten in 1844 by the Swede Richard Dybeck, it was not at all intended to be a national anthem. Neither does the song relate specifically to the country of Sweden but pays homage to all of the Nordic countries, with a strong feeling of patriotism toward the Nordic environment. "Du Gamla Du Fria" was publicly performed for the first time by an opera singer at a music evening arranged by Dybeck in Stockholm. It was accepted by the public with standing ovation. "Du Gamla Du Fria" gradually obtained the character of a patriotic hymn and in the 1890s was unofficially accepted as Sweden's national anthem.

600

Sweden

601

Swedish Words (First and Second Verses, 4 Total)

1

English Translation (First and Second Verses, 4 Total)' 1 Ye free, ancient country Ye high mountained north Ye silent and free and so delightful We greet you as loveliest land upon earth Your shining sun, your sky Your pastures green (repeat previous two lines)

Du gamla, du fria, du fjallhoga Nord du tysta, du gladjerika skona! Jag Mlsar dig vanaste land uppa jord, din sol, din himmel. dina angder grona. (repeat previous two lines)

2 Du tronar pa minnen fran fornstora dar, da arat ditt namn flog over jorden. Jag vet att du ar och du blir vad du var. Ja, jag vill leva, jag vill do i Norden! (repeat previous two lines)

2 You rest on your memories of days great and past When all round the world your name was honored I know that you'll always remain the way you were In my own Nordic land I'll live forever (repeat previous two lines)

Sweden

602

Switzerland
Confoederatio Helvetica (Swiss Confederation)
Quick Country Facts Location: Central Europe Area: 15,941 sq. mi. (41,290 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 7,301,994 Capital: Bern (pop. 129,423) Largest City: Zurich (pop. 343,045) Official Languages: German, French, Italian, Romansh GDP/PPP: $231 billion, $31,700 per capita Monetary Unit: Swiss Franc

Schweizer Psalm Cantique Suisse Salmo Svizzero Psalm Svizzer (Swiss Psalm)
German Lyrics: Leonhard Widmer (1809-1867). French Lyrics: Charles Chatelanat (1833-1907). Italian Lyrics: Camillo Valsangiacomo (1898-1978). Romansh Lyrics: Gion Antoni Biihler (1825-1897). Music: Father Alberich Zwyssig (1808-1854). Adopted: 1965.

Historical Background1
In the summer of 1841, Alberich Zwyssig, a priest and composer from Uri, was visiting his brother at St. Carl, a magnificent patrician's house at the gates of Zug, when he received mail from Leonhard Widmer, a music publisher, journalist, and lyricist from Zurich. The mail contained a patriotic poem that Widmer had written and wanted set to music. Zwyssig chose to use a hymn that he had composed to the psalm "Diligam te Domine" ("I Will Love Thee, O Lord") for an ordination service in 1835 when he was music director at the monastery in Wettingen. He worked on his
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Switzerland

adaptation until late autumn. Finally, on the evening of St. Cecilia's Day, Monday, 22 November 1841 in the first-floor study at St. Carl overlooking the lake and the city, Zwyssig rehearsed his "Schweizerpsalm" ("Swiss Psalm") for the first time with four residents of Zug. In 1843, the new patriotic song appeared in the celebration brochure of the Zurich Zofinger marking the anniversary of Zurich's membership into the Swiss Confederation in 1351. (The Zofinger association is the oldest Swiss student fraternity.) It was also performed at the National Singing Festival in the same year, where it was received with acclaim by the audience. The "Swiss Psalm" was soon performed by male choirs throughout Switzerland (thanks to translations) and was frequently sung at patriotic celebrations. Numerous attempts were made between 1894 and 1953 to have it declared the Swiss national anthem, but they were consistently turned down by the Swiss government for the reason that a national anthem should not be selected by government decree but by popular opinion. In fact, there was another song that was used for official political and military occasions at that time which was equally popular. "Rufst Du mein Vaterland" ("When My Fatherland Calls") was sung to the same melody as "God save the King (Queen)," which occasionally led to embarrassing situations as international contacts increased during the course of the twentieth century. It was for this reason that the Swiss government declared the "Swiss Psalm," a fully and unmistakably Swiss creation, the provisional Swiss national anthem in 1961. Following a three-year trial period twelve cantons (or states) voted in favor of the "Swiss Psalm," seven requested an extension of the trial period, and no less than six rejected it as the official national anthem. In spite of these mixed reactions, the "Swiss Psalm" was confirmed (provisionally) as the Swiss national anthem in 1965. The provisional clause was abandoned ten years later, but without official ratification as the national anthem. A number of other suggestions for a national anthem were made in the years that followed, none of which, however, earned nearly as many votes as the "Swiss Psalm." Finally, on 1 April 1981, the "Swiss Psalm" was officially declared the Swiss national anthem, a purely Swiss song, dignified and ceremonial, the kind of national anthem that the majority of citizens would like to have. German Words French Words Romansh Words

1
Trittst im Morgenrot daher, She'ich dich im Strahlenmeer, Dich, du Hocherhabener, Herrlicher! Wenn der Alpen Firn sich rotet, Betet, freie Schweizer, betet! Eure fromme Seele ahnt (repeat) Gott im hehren Vaterland, Gott. den Herrn. im hehren Vaterland.

1
Sur nos monts, quand le soleil Annonce un brillant reveil, Et predit d'un plus beau jour le retour, Les beautes de la patrie Parlent a 1'ame attendrie; Au ciel montent plus joyeux, (repeat) Les accents d'un cceur pieux, Les accents emus d'un cceur pieux.

1
En 1'aurora la damaun ta salida il carstgaun, spiert etern dominatur, Tutpussent! Cur ch'ils munts straglischan sura, ura liber Svizzer, ura. Mia olma senta ferm, (repeat) Dieu en tschiel, il bab etern. Dieu en tschiel, il bab, il bab etern.

2
Kommst im Abendgluhn daher, Find'ich dich im Sternenheer, Dich, du Menschenfreundlicher,

2
Lorsqu'un doux rayon du soir Joue encore dans le bois noir, Le cceur se sent plus heureux pres de

2
Er la saira en splendur da las stailas en Fazur tai chattain nus, creatur, Tutpussent!

Switzerland

605

Liebender! In des Himmels lichten Raumen Kann ich froh und selig traumen! Denn die fromme Seele ahnt (repeat) Gott im hehren Vaterland, Gott, den Herrn, im hehren Vaterland.
3

Dieu Loin des vain bruits de la plaine L'ame en paix est plus sereine; Au ciel montent plus joyeux, (repeat) Les accents d'un cceur pieux, Les accents emus d'un cceur pieux.
3

Cur ch'il firmament sclerescha en noss cors fidanza crescha. Mia olma senta ferm, (repeat) Dieu en tschiel, il bab etern. Dieu en tschiel, il bab, il bab etern.
3

Ziehst im Nebelflor daher, Such'ich dich im Wolkenmeer, Dich, du Unergriindlicher, Ewiger! Aus dem grauen Luftgebilde Bricht die Sonne klar und milde, Und die fromme Seele ahnt (repeat) Gott im hehren Vaterland, Gott, den Herrn, im hehren Vaterland

Lorsque dans la sombre nuit La foudre eclate avec bruit, Notre coeur pressent encore le Dieu fort. Dans 1'orage et la detresse, II est notre forteresse. Offrons-lui des coeurs pieux (repeat) Dieu nous benira des cieux, Dieu nous benira du haul des cieux

Ti a nus es er preschent en il stgir dal firmament, ti inperscrutabel spiert, Tutpussent! Tschiel e terra t'obedeschan vents e nivels secundeschan. Mia olma senta ferm, (repeat) Dieu en tschiel, il bab etern. Dieu en tschiel, il bab, il bab etern.

Fahrst im wilden Sturm daher, Bist du selbst uns Hort und Wehr, Du, allmachtig Waltender, Rettender! In Gewitternacht und Grauen Lasst uns kindlich ihm vertrauen! Ja, die fromme Seele ahnt, (repeat) Gott im hehren Vaterland, Gott, den Herrn, im hehren Vaterland.

Des grand monts vient le secours, Suisse! espere en Dieu toujours! Garde la foi des aieux, vis comme

Cur la furia da 1'orcan fa tremblar il cor uman alur das ti a nus vigur, Tutpussent! Ed en temporal sgarschaivel stas ti franc a nus fidaivel. Mia olma senta ferm, (repeat) Dieu en tschiel, il bab etern Dieu en tschiel, il bab, il bab etern

eux!
Sur 1'autel de la patrie Mets tes biens, ton coeur, ta vie! C'est le tresor precieux (repeat) Que Dieu nous benira des cieux, Que Dieu nous benira du haul des cieux.

Italian Words
1

English Translation2 1 When the morning skies grow red And o'er us their radiance shed, Thou, O Lord, appeareth in their light. When the Alps glow bright with splendor,

Quando bionda aurora 11 mattin c'indora, L'alma mia t'adora Re del Ciel.

606

Switzerland

Quando 1'alpe gia rosseggia A pregare allor t'atteggia, In favor del patrio suol, (repeat) Cittadino Dio lo vuol, Cittadino Dio, si Dio lo vuol.
2

Pray to God, to Him surrender, For you feel and understand, (repeat) That He dwelleth in this land. (repeat)

Se di nubi un velo M'asconde il tuo cielo. Pel tuo raggio anelo, Dio d'amor! Fuga o sole quei vapori E mi rendi i tuoi favori Di mia patria deh, pieta! (repeat) Brilla, o sol die verita, Brilla sol, o sol di verita!
3

In the sunset Thou art nigh And beyond the starry sky, Thou, O loving Father, ever near. When to Heaven we are departing, Joy and bliss Thou'lt be imparting, For we feel and understand (repeat) That Thou dwellest in this land, (repeat)

Tu mi sei vicino, Splendi nel mattino. Segni il mio cammino, Con bonta. O Signore, quando e sera, Mi rivolgo a Te in preghiera, Penso al bene che mi fai, Alia terra che mi dai. Splenda a noi la tua bonta, Dona pace e liberta.

When dark clouds enshroud the hills And gray mist the valley fills, Yet Thou art not hidden from Thy sons. Pierce the gloom in which we cower With Thy sunshine's cleansing power Then we'll feel and understand (repeat) That God dwelleth in this land. (repeat)

Switzerland

607

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Switzerland

Syria
Al-Jumhuriyya al- 'Ambiyya as-Suriyya Syrian Arab Republic

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Middle East Area: 71,498 sq. mi. (185,180 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 17,195,814 Capital: Damascus (pop. 1,549,932) Largest City: Aleppo (pop. 1,591,400) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP: $54.2 billion, $3,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Syrian Pound

An-Nashid as-Sun (Syrian National Anthem)

Lyrics: Khalil Mardam Bey (1895-1959). Music: Mohammad Salim Flayfel (1899-1986). Adopted: 1936. Arabic Words (First Two Verses, 4 Total) Arabic Words (Transliteration, First Two Verses, 4 Total) English Translation (First Two Verses, 4 Total)

1
Homatal diyari 'alaikum salam abat an tathilla nufousul kiram areemtl urubati baytun haram wa arshu shumusi himan la
Yudham

1
Defenders of the realm, Peace on you; Our proud spirits will Not be subdued The adobe of Arabism, A hallowed sanctuary; The seat of the stars.
609

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Syria

An inviolable preserve.
2 2

^?MZ)M 'M ashaami buroujul ala tuhaki sama 'a bi all ssana (repeat previous two lines) (repeat previous two lines) fa 'ardhun zahat bi shumusil widha sama 'un laumroka am kassama

Syria's plains are Towers in the heights, Resembling the sky Above the clouds, (repeat previous four lines) A land resplendent With brilliant suns. Becoming another sky, Or almost a sky.

Syria

611

612

Syria

Tajikistan
Jumhurii Todhzikiston (Republic of Tajikistan)
Quick Country Facts Location: Central Asia Area: 55,300 sq. mi. (143,100 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 6,719,567 Capital/Largest City: Dushanbe (pop. 524,000) Official Language: Tajik GDP/PPP: $7.5 billion, $1,140 per capita Monetary Unit: Somoni

National Anthem
Lyrics: Gulnazar Keldi. Music: Suleiman Yudakov (b. 1916). Adopted: 1991.

Historical Background
The anthem of Tajikistan was officially adopted upon 1991 independence and is unchanged from the anthem used when it was a Soviet republic. Suleiman Yudakov also wrote the first opera that was performed in Central Asia.

Words Not Available

613

Tajikistan

614

Tanzania
Jamhuri ya Mwungano wa Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania

Quick Country Facts Location: East Africa Area: 364,879 sq. mi. (945,087 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 37,187,939 Capitals: Dar es Salaam (pop. 1,360,850), Dodoma (pop. 45,807) Largest City : Dar es Salaam Official Languages: Kiswahili, English GDP/PPP: $22.1 billion, $610 per capita Monetary Unit: Tanzanian Shilling

Mungu Ibariki Afrika God Bless Africa

Lyrics: Group of citizens. Music: Mankayi Enoch Sontonga (1860-1904). Adopted: 1961.

Historical Background
The words to this anthem were written collectively to the adapted music of "Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika," originally composed by Enoch Sontonga. That same year, 1961, it was adopted as the national anthem of Tanganyika. After Zanzibar united with Tanganyika in 1964, the song was adopted as the anthem of the newly formed state of Tanzania. Kiswahili Words 1 Mungu ibariki Afrika. Wabariki viongozi wake Hekima Umoja na Amani hizi ni ngao zetu Afrika na watu wake. English Words

1
God bless Africa. Bless its leaders. Let wisdom, unity, and Peace be the shield of Africa and its people.

615

616

Tanzania CHORUS 1 Bless Africa, (repeat) Bless the children of Africa.

2

CHORUS 1 Ibariki Afrika (repeat) Tubariki watoto wa Afrika.

2

Mungu ibariki Tanzania. Dumisha uhuru na umoja Wake kwa waume na watoto. Mungu ibariki Tanzania na watu wake. CHORUS 2 Ibariki Tanzania (repeat) Tubariki watoto wa tanzania.

God bless Tanzania. Grant eternal freedom and unity To its sons and daughters. God bless Tanzania and its people. CHORUS 2 Bless Tanzania, (repeat) Bless the children of Tanzania.

Tanzania

617

Thailand
Prathet Thai (Kingdom of Thailand)

Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Asia, Indochina Peninsula Area: 198,455 sq. mi. (514,000 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 61,354,402 Capital/Largest City: Bangkok (pop. 7,200,000) Official Language: Thai GDP/PPP: $410 billion, $6,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Baht

MJUVIW

Pleng Chart

(National Anthem)
Lyrics: Luang Saranuprabhandh (1896-1954). Music: Phra Jenduriyang (1883-1968). Adopted: 1939.

Historical Background1
The national anthem is played on all ceremonial occasions, before performances (such as at the cinema), and while the Thai flag is being raised and lowered each day at 8:00 and 18:00 every day. At these times, it is accepted behavior to stand to attention. The music to the national anthem was composed by Professor Phra Jenduriyang in 1932 (the year the constitutional monarchy was adopted), while the lyrics presently used were written in 1939 by Colonel Luang Saranuprabhandh.

618

Thailand

619

Thai Words

Thai Words (Transliteration) Pro thet thai ruam nu 'a chat chu 'a thai Pen pro cha rat pha thai kho 'ng thai thuk suan Yu dam rong khong wai dai thang muan Duay thai luan mai rak sa mak khi Thai ni rak sa ngop tae thu 'ng rop mai khalt Ek ka rat ha mai hai khrai khom khi Sa la luat thuk yat pen chat phli Tha loengpra thet chat thai tha wi mi chat chai yo.

English Translation Thailand embraces in its bosom All people of Thai blood. Every inch of Thailand belongs to the Thais. It has long maintained its sovereignty because the Thais have always been united. The Thai people are peace-loving But there are no cowards at war They shall allow no one To rob them of their independence. Nor shall they suffer tyranny. All Thais are ready to give up Every drop of blood for the nation's Safety, freedom and progress.

Thailand

620

Thailand

621

Togo
Republique Togolais (Republic of Togo)
Quick Country Facts Location: West Africa Area: 21,925 sq. mi. (56,785 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 5,285,501 Capital/Largest City: Lome (pop. 366,476) Official Language: French GDP/PPP: $7.6 billion, $1,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Franc CFA

Salut a toi, pays de nos ai'eux (Hail to thee, land of our forefathers)
Lyrics and Music: Alex Casimir-Dosseh (b. 1923). Adopted: 1960.

Historical Background
Adopted upon independence from France in 1960, the Togolese national anthem was replaced in 1979 and restored

in 1991.
French Words English Translation
1

1
Salut a toi, pays de nos aieux! Toi qui les rendais forts, paisibles et joyeux, Cultivant vertu, vaillance Pour la posterite. Que viennent les tyrans, ton coeur soupire vers la liberte. Togo, debout! Luttons sans defaillance, Vainquons ou mourons, mais dans la dignite. Grand Dieu, Toi seul nous as exaltes Du Togo pour la prosperite,

Hail to thee, land of our forefathers, Thou who made them strong, peaceful and happy. Men who for posterity cultivated virtue and bravery. Even if tyrants shall come, thy heart yearns towards freedom. Togo arise! Let us struggle without faltering. Victory or death, but dignity. God almighty, Thou alone hast made Togo prosper. People of Togo arise! Let us build the nation.
622

Togo

623

Togolais, viens! Batissons la Cite!

2 2

Dans 1'unite nous voulons te servir, C'est bien la de nos coeurs le plus ardent desir. Clamons fort notre devise Que rien ne peut ternir. Seuls artisans de ton bonheur ainsi que de ton avenir, Brisons partout les chaines, la traitrise Et nous te jurons toujours fidelite Et aimer, servir, se depasser, Faire encore de toi sans nous lasser Togo Cheri, 1'Or de I'Humanite.

To serve thee in unity is the most burning desire of our hearts. Let us shout aloud our motto That nothing can tarnish. We the only builders of thy happiness and of thy future. Everywhere let us break chains and treachery. And we swear to thee for ever faith, love, service, untiring zeal, To make thee yet, beloved Togo, a golden example for humanity.

Togo

624

Togo

625

Tonga
Pule'anga Tonga Kingdom of Tonga
Quick Country Facts Location. Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 290 sq. mi. (748 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 106,137 Capital/Largest City: Nukualofa (pop. 34,000) Official Languages. Tongan, English GDP/PPP: $225 million, $2,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Pa'anga

National Anthem
Lyrics: Prince Tevita 'Unga (d. 1879).

Historical Background1
The actual word text was composed and set by the late Crown Prince Tevita 'Unga, son and heir of King George Tupou I, who died in 1879. The melody is of unknown origin and provided by Reverend Shirley Baker. The first reported singing of this national anthem dates back to July 1874, but it was probably in use earlier. Tongan Words E 'Otua Mafimafi, Ko ho mau 'Eiki koe, Ko Koe ko e falala'anga, Mo e 'ofa ki Tonga: 'Afio hifo 'emau lotu English Words Oh Almighty God above, Thou art our Lord and sure defense. In our goodness we do trust Thee And our Tonga Thou dost love; Hear our prayer, for though unseen We know that Thou hast blessed our land; Grant our earnest supplication. Guard and save Tupou our King.

'A ia 'oku mau fai ni,

Mo ke tali homau loto 'O malu'i 'a Tupou.

626

Tonga

627

Trinidad and Tobago Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

Quick Country Facts Location: North America, Caribbean Sea Area: 1,980 sq. mi. (5,128 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 1,163,724 Capital/Largest City: Port-of-Spain (pop. 52,451) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $10.6 billion, $9,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Trinidad and Tobago Dollar

National Anthem
Lyrics and Music: Patrick Stanislaus Castagne (b. 1916). Adopted: 1962.

Historical Background
Patrick Stanislaus Castagne composed the words and music of the national anthem in 1962. Words Forged from the love of liberty, in the fires of hope and prayer, With boundless faith in our destiny, we solemnly declare. Side by side we stand, islands of the blue Caribbean Sea. This our native land, we pledge our lives to thee. Here ev'ry creed and race find an equal place, And may God bless our nation. (repeat previous two lines)

628

Trinidad and Tobago

629

630

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia
'Al-Jumhuriyya Tunisiyya Republique Tunisienne (Tunisian Republic)
Quick Country Facts Location: North Africa, Middle East Area: 63,170 sq. mi. (163,610 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 9,815,644 Capital/Largest City: Tunis (pop. 887,800) Official Languages: Arabic, French GDP/PPP: $64.5 billion, $6,600 per capita Monetary Unit: Tunisian Dinar

Himat Al Hima (Defenders of the Homeland)

Lyrics: Mustafa Sadik Al-Rafii (1880-1937) and Aboul Kacem Chabbi (1909-1934). Music: Mohamed Abdel Wahab (1915-1991). Adopted: 1987.

Historical Background
"Himat Al Hima" was adopted in 1987, replacing "Ala Khallidi" ("Oh Make Eternal"). Composer Mohamed Abdel Wahab also wrote the music to the national anthem of the United Arab Emirates. Arabic Words (Transliteration) Humata 'L-hima Ya Humata 'L-hima Halummu, Halummu, Li-majdi 'Z-zaman Laqad Sarakhat Fil- 'uruqi 'D-dima Namutu, Namutu, Wa-yahya 'L-watan Li-tadwi 'S-samawatu Bira 'diha Li-tarmi 'S-sawa 'iqu Niranaha Ila 'Izzi Tunis Ila Majdiha English Translation O defenders of the homeland! Rally around to the glory of our time! The blood surges in our veins, We die for the sake of our land. Let the heavens roar with thunder. Let thunderbolts rain with fire. Men and youth of Tunisia,
631

632

Tunisia

Rijala L-biladi Wa-shubbanaha Fala Asha Fi Tunisa Man Khanaha Wa-la Asha Man Laysa Min Jundiha Namutu Wa-nahya 'Ala 'Ahdiha Hayata 'L-kirami Wa-mawta 'L- 'izam.

Rise up for her might and glory. No place for traitors in Tunisia, Only for those who defend her! We live and die loyal to Tunisia, A life of dignity and a death of glory.

Tunisia

633

Turkey
Turkiye Cumhuriyeti (Republic of Turkey)
Quick Country Facts Location: Southwest Asia, Southeast Europe Area: 300,947 sq. mi. (780,580 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 67,308,928 Capital: Ankara (pop. 2,890,025) Largest City: Istanbul (pop. 10,250,000) Official Language: Turkish GDP/PPP: $468 billion, $7,000 per capita Monetary Unit: Turkish Lira

Istiklal Mari (March of Independence)

Lyrics: Mehmet Akif Ersoy (1873-1936). Music: Zeki Ungor (1880-1958). Adopted: 1921.

Historical Background1
The "Istiklal Mari" ("Independence March") was officially adopted as Turkey's national anthem on 12 March 1921. Seven hundred twenty-four poems were submitted to a competition organized to find and select the most suitable original composition for this march, and a poem written by Mehmet Akif Ersoy was adopted unanimously by the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Twenty-four composers participated in another competition arranged for the selection of a musical composition for the national anthem. The Council, which was only able to convene in 1924 due to the War of Independence, adopted the music composed by Ali Rifat Cagatay. The words of the national anthem were sung to it for eight years. Thereafter, the music of the national anthem was changed to an arrangement written by Zeki Ungor, conductor of the Presidential Symphonic Orchestra, and the words have been sung to this accompaniment ever since.

634

Turkey

635

Turkish Words (First Two Verses, 10 Total) 1 Korkma Sonmez bu safaklarda yiizen al sancak. Sonmeden yurdumun ustiinde tiiten en son ocak, O benim milletimin yildizidir parlayacak, O benimdir o benim milletimindir ancak!

English Translation (First Two Verses, 10 Total) 1 Fear not and be not dismayed, This crimson flag will never fade It is the last hearth that's burning for my nation and We know for sure that it will never fail. It is my nation's star that ever forth will shine. It is nation's star and it is mine.

2
Qatma, kurban olayim cehreni ey nazb hilal; Kahraman irkuna birgul, ne bu iddet. bu celal! Sana olmaz dokulen kanlantniz sonra helal Hakkidir hakka tapan milletimin istiklal.

2
Frown not, fair crescent, for I Am ready even to die for thee. Smile now upon my heroic nation, leave this anger, Lest the blood shed for the unblessed be, Freedom's the right of this my nation, Yes. freedom for us who worship God and seek what's

right.

Turkey

636

Turkmenistan
Quick Country Facts

Location: Central Asia

Area: 188,500 sq. mi. (488,100 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 4,688,963

Capital/Largest City: Ashgabat (pop. 518,000) Official Language: Turkmen

GDP/PPP: $21.5 billion, $4,700 per capita Monetary Unit: Manat

Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem

Music: Veli Mukhatov (b. 1916). Adopted: 1997.

Historical Background
This anthem was adopted in 1997, replacing the previous one, which had been adopted during the Soviet era

Words Not Available

637

Turkmenistan

638

Tuvalu
Fakavae Aliki-Malo i Tuvalu Constitutional Monarchy of Tuvalu

Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 10 sq. mi (26 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 11,146 Capital/Largest City: Fongafale (pop. 3,839) Official Languages: Tuvaluan, English GDP/PPP: $12.2 million, $1,100 per capita Monetary Units: Tuvaluan Dollar, Australian Dollar

Tuvalu mo te Atua Tuvalu for the Almighty

Lyrics and Music: Afaese Manoa (b. 1942). Adopted: 1978. Tuvaluan Words English Words

1
"Tuvalu mo te Atua" Ko te Fakavae sili, Ko te alu foki tena, O te manuia katoa; Loto lasi o fai, Tou malo saoloto; Fusi ake katoa Ki te loto alofa; Kae amo fakatasi Ate atu fenua. "Tuvalu mo te Atua" Ki te se gala mail

1
"Tuvalu for the Almighty" Are the words we hold most dear; For as people or as leaders Of Tuvalu we all share In the knowledge that God Ever rules in heav'n above, And that we in this land Are united in His love. We build on a sure foundation When we trust in God's great law; "Tuvalu for the Almighty" Be our song for evermore!

639

640

Tuvalu

2
Tuku atu tau pulega Ki te pule mai luga, Kilo tonu Id ou mua Me ko ia e tautai. "Pule tasi mo ia" Ki te se gata mai, Ko tena mana Ko tou malosi tena. Pati lima kae kalaga Ulufonu ki te tupu. "Tuvalu ko tu saoloto" Ki te se gata mai.

2
Let us trust our lives henceforward To the King to whom we pray, With our eyes fixed firmly on Him He is showing us the way. "May we reign with Him in glory" Be our song for evermore, for His almighty power Is our strength from shore to shore. Shout aloud in jubilation To the King whom we adore. "Tuvalu free and united" Be our song for evermore!

Tuvalu

641

642

Tuvalu

Uganda Republic of Uganda

Quick Country Facts Location: East Africa Area: 91,459 sq. mi. (236,040 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 24,699,073 Capital/Largest City: Kampala (pop. 773,463) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $29 billion, $1,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Ugandan Shilling

Pearl of Africa
Lyrics and Music: George Wilberforce Kakoma (b. 1923). Adopted: 1962. Words
1

2
Oh Uganda! the land of freedom. Our love and labor we give, And with neighbors all at our country's call In peace and friendship we'll live.

3
Oh Uganda! the land that feeds us By sun and ferule soil grown. For our own dear land we'll always stand: The pearl of Africa's crown.

Oh Uganda! may God uphold thee, We lay our future in thy hand. United, free, for liberty Together we always stand.

643

Uganda

644

Ukraine YKpaiHa Ukrayina

Quick Country Facts Location: Southeastern Europe Area: 233.000 sq. mi. (603,700 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 48,396,470 Capital/Largest City: Kyiv (pop. 2,637.000) Official Language: Ukrainian GDP/PPP: $205 billion, $4,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Hryvnia

IU,e He BMepua YKpama Shche Ne Vmerla Ukrayina (Ukraine Is Not Yet Dead)
Lyrics: Pavlo Chubynsky (1839-1884). Music: Mykhailo Verbytsky (1815-1870). Adopted: 1917.

Historical Background1
In 1992 the Ukrainian Parliament chose as the national anthem music composed in 1863 by Mykhailo Verbytsky. a western Ukrainian composer and Catholic priest Verbytsky wrote the score originally as a solo song and later for orchestra to accompany a patriotic poem written in 1862 by Pavlo Chubynsky, a prominent ethnographer in the Kyiv region. In his poem "Shche Ne Vmerla Ukrayina" (which means "Ukraine is Not Yet Dead"). Chubynsky expresses the mixture of hope and desperation felt by Ukrainians over their continuous struggle to rule their own land. Both the melody and lyrics were similar to Polish and Serbian anthems. The song was widely sung around the country as the "Hymn to Ukraine." In 1917 it became the anthem of the short-lived Ukrainian National Republic, but during the Soviet era it was replaced. Over time there have been numerous changes and additions to Chubynsky's original words. Following independence, however, the Ukrainian government did not adopt any of the versions as the official anthem lyrics because they were considered dated. A commission sponsored several contests for new lyrics, but results have not been fruitful.
645

646

Ukraine

so the music continues to be associated with Chubynsky's poem. Three stanzas are in circulation, with only slight variations among the lyrics. Ukrainian Words
1

Ukrainian Words (Transliteration)

English Translation
1

1
Shche ne vmerla Ukrayina, i sla\>a, i vola, Shche nam brattia molodii Usmikhnet dola: Zkhynut 'nashi vorozhen 'ky, Yak rossa na sonci, Zapanuyem i my, brattia, U s\>oii storonci. CHORUS Dushu, tilo my polozhym Za nashu s\>obodu I pokazhem, shcho my, brattia, Kozackoho roclu. (repeat chorus)

lUe HC BMepjia YKpaiHa. Hi cjiasa, m BOJW, II|e H3M, 6paTra-yKpaimn. ycMixneua

40.13.

Ukraine has not perished, neither her glory, nor freedom, Upon us, fellowUkrainians, fate shall smile once more. Our enemies will vanish, like dew in the morning sun. And we too shall dwell, brothers, in a free land of our own. CHORUS Well lay down our souls and bodies to attain our freedom. And we'll show that we, brothers, are of the Kozak nation. (repeat chorus)

3rHHyxb naini BOpi>KeHbKH, UK poca na comu. 3a>KHBeMO i MH. 6paxxH, y CBOIH cxopoHui. CHORUS ,/Jyniy H xLio MH noJioacHM 33 namy co6oiry I noKaaceM, mo MH, 6parra,

K03am>Koro poay.
(repeat chorus)

2
CxaneM 6paxxa, Bci 33 BOIQO, Bia Cany fl.o flpay
B punuM Kparo naHyaaTH He ^aMO HI
KOMy.

2
Stanem, bratt 'a v hiy kriva\>yi vid Syanu do Donu Vridnim krayu panuvaty ne damo nikomu Chorne morye sche smikhnet 's 'a did Dnipro zradiye Sche it Nashiy Ukrayini do/en 'ka naspiye! CHORUS
3

2
We'll stand together for freedom, from the Sian to the Don, We will not allow others to rule in our motherland. The Black Sea will smile and grandfather Dnipro will rejoice. For in our own Ukraine fortune shall flourish again. CHORUS

HopHe Mope me BCMixneua, .nia ^ninpo 3paaie, ILle na Haniiii VKpami AOJieHbKa aocnie. CHORUS
3

3
Our persistence and our sincere toils will be rewarded. And freedom's song will resound throughout all of Ukraine. Echoing off the Carpathians, and

A 3aB3Hrra npaiw mnpa CBOTO me joKaace. LUe ex BOMi B ykpaiHi nicm, rynHa po3JMe. 3a Kapnam BiaiQerbca, 3roMOHHTb

A zavzyattya pracya shira s\>oho sche dokazhe Sche s 'a voli v Ukrayini pisn' huchna 'rozl 'azhe Za Karpatt 'a vidob 'yet s 'a zhomonvt'

Ukraine

647

crenaMH, YicpaiHH cjiasa crane noMm rapoaaMH. CHORUS

stepamy Ukrayini slavo stane pomizh vorohami! CHORUS

rumbling across the steppes, Ukraine's fame and glory will be known among all nations. CHORUS

Ukraine

648

Ukraine

649

United Arab Emirates

Dawlat Al-Imarat al '-Arabiyyah al-Muttahida

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Arabian Peninsula Area: 32,375 sq. mi. (82,880 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 2,445,989 Capital/Largest City: Abu Dhabi (pop. 363,432) Official Languages: Arabic, English GDP/PPP: $51 billion, $21,100 per capita Monetary Unit: UAE Dirham

National Anthem
Music: Mohamed Abdel Wahab (1915-1991). Adopted: 1971

Historical Background
Composer Mohamed Abdel Wahab also wrote the music to the national anthem of Tunisia. The anthem is without words. No Words

650

United Arab Emirates

651

United Kingdom United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, British Isles Area: 94,247 sq. mi. (244,820 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 59,778,002 Capital/Largest City: London (pop. 11,800,000) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $1.52 trillion, $25,300 per capita Monetary Unit: Pound Sterling

God Save the Queen

Words and Music: Probably Henry Carey (1690-1743).

Historical Background1
Though usually attributed to Arne, there is good ground for believing it is really the work of Henry Carey, a singer and composer. It is said to have been written sometime between 1736 and 1740 but was first heard in public at a dinner in 1740 to celebrate the taking of Portobello by Admiral Vernon. Carey sang it as his own composition. The oldest copy is in "Harmonia Anglicana" of 1743, to which Carey was one of the chief contributors. Several similar earlier airs exist in a manuscript of 1619 attributed to Dr. John Bull, an organist in the Chapel Royal during the reign of James I. In the same book is a song called "God Save the King," but the music is different. The Scots claim it is based on an old carol of 1611 called "Remember O Thou Man" or "Franklyn Is Fled Away" of 1669. It has also been traced to Purcell in 1696. As a phrase from the Coverdale Bible of 1535, "God Save the King" was used as a naval watchword to which the countersign was "Long to reign over us." For a long time the song was used as an expression of personal loyalty to the king and in translation it was used in Prussia, Denmark, and in Russia until 1833 when Tsar Nicholas commissioned a new version. The tune has also been used in Sweden, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the United States. "God Save the Queen" is sung in the United Kingdom as a matter of tradition. It has never been proclaimed the national anthem by an act of parliament or a royal proclamation.

652

United Kingdom

653

Words 1 God save our gracious queen, Long live our noble queen, God save the queen! Send her victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us; God save the queen!

2 O Lord our God arise, Scatter her enemies And make them fall; Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tricks, On Thee our hopes we fix, Oh, save us all!

Thy choicest gifts in store On her be pleased to pour; Long may she reign; May she defend our laws, And ever give us cause To sing with heart and voice, God save the queen!

United Kingdom

654

United States United States of America

Quick Country Facts Location: North America Area: 3,297,226 sq. mi. (9,158,960 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 280,562,489 Capital: Washington (pop. 606,900) Largest City: New York (pop. 20,250,000) Languages: English, Spanish GDP/PPP: $10.082 trillion, $36,300 per capita Monetary Unit: U.S. Dollar

The Star-Spangled Banner

Lyrics: Francis Scott Key (1779-1843). Adopted: 1931.

Historical Background1
"The Star-Spangled Banner" was born out of the emotions experienced by Francis Scott Key as he watched the bombardment of Fort McHenry during the War of 1812 against Great Britain. Key's poem, the "Defense of Fort McHenry," came to be sung to the tune of a pre-existing song, "To Anacreon in Heaven," the melody of which is attributed to Englishman John Stafford Smith. The first musical edition was published by Benjamin Carr of Baltimore and titled "The Star-Spangled Banner." With the passage of time the song grew in popularity, and in 1931 an act of Congress made it the official national anthem. Words

1
Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous
fight,

On the shore, dimly seen thro' the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines in the stream; 'Tis the Star-Spangled Banner, O long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
655

O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there.

656

United States

Oh, say, does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
3 4

And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion A home and a country should leave us no more? Their blood has wiped out their foul footstep's pollution. No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave: And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

Oh, thus be it ever when free men shall stand Between their loved homes and the war's desolation! Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav'n rescued land Praise the Pow'r that hath made and preserved us a nation! Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto, "In God is our trust" And the Star-Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

United States

657

658

United States

Uruguay
Repiiblica Oriental del Uruguay (Oriental Republic of Uruguay)

Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 68,040 sq. mi. (176,220 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 3,386,575 Capital/Largest City: Montevideo (pop. 1,330,440) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $31 billion, $9,200 per capita Monetary Unit: Peso

Himno Nacional (National Anthem)

Lyrics: Francisco Esteban Acuna de Figueroa (1791-1862). Music: Francisco Jose Debali (1791-1859). Adopted:
1845.

Historical Background
This national anthem was approved by the decrees of 8 July 1833, 12 July 1845, 25 July 1848, and 26 July 1848. The arrangement and instrumentation of the song were standardized through the resolution of 20 May 1938. These changes were made by composers Gerardo Grasso and Benone Calcavecchia. Francisco Esteban de Figueroa and Francisco Jose Debali also wrote and composed the national anthem of Paraguay, respectively. Spanish Words (First Verse, 11 Total) CHORUS jOrientales, la patria o la rumba! jLibertad o con gloria morir! (repeat previous two lines) Es el voto que el alma pronuncia Y que heroicos sabremos cumplir, (repeat previous two lines) English Translation (First Verse, 11 Total) CHORUS Eastern landsmen, our country or the tomb! Freedom, or with glory to die! (repeat previous two lines) This is the vow that our souls take And which we know how, courageously, to fulfill, (repeat previous two lines)
659

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Uruguay

que sabremos cumplir, Es el voto que el alma pronuncia Y que heroicos sabremos cumplir, que sabremos cumplir, (repeat) sabremos cumplir. (repeat two times)

Know how to fulfill. This is the vow that our souls take And which we know how, courageously, to fulfill, Know how to fulfill (repeat) Know how to fulfill. (repeat two times)

1
jLibertad, libertad, Orientales!, este grito a la Patria salvo que a sus bravos en fieras batallas, de entusiasmo sublime inflamo. De este don sacrosanto la gloria merecimos jTiranos temblad! jTiranos temblad! jTiranos temblad! i Libertad en la lid clamaremos Y muriendo tambien libertad! (repeat previous two lines) y muriendo tambien libertad! tambien libertad! (repeat)

1
Freedom, freedom, eastern landsmen, This cry saved our country, Inflaming its brave men With enthusiasm in fierce battles. We merited the glory of this sacred gift. Let tyrants tremble! (repeat previous two lines three times) Ah, in the fight we shall clamor for freedom And, dying, still cry for it. (repeat previous two lines) And, dying, still cry for it. Still cry for it. (repeat)

Uruguay

661

662

Uruguay

Uruguay

663

664

Uruguay

Uruguay

665

666

Uruguay

Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Respublikasi (Republic of Uzbekistan)

Quick Country Facts Location: Central Asia Area: 172,700 sq. mi. (447,400 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 25,563,441 Capital/Largest City: Toshkent (pop. 2,106,000) Official Language: Uzbek GDP/PPP: $62 billion, $2,500 per capita Monetary Unit: Sum

National Anthem
Words: Abdulla Aripov (b. 1941). Music: Mutal Burkhanov (b. 1916). Adopted: 1992.

Historical Background
For two years, many poets and composers took part in the creation of the national anthem. The joint work of Abdulla Aripov, the People's Poet of Uzbekistan, and Mutal Burkhanov, the People's Artist of Uzbekistan, was voted the best by the session of the Oliy Majlis (Parliament) of the Republic of Uzbekistan on 10 December 1992. The creators of the anthem said that it should sound solemn, embodying and glorifying the people. Therefore, the melodies and rhythms from the imperishable legacy of the Shashmaqom musical art of the East was used in the anthem. Uzbek Words Uzbek Words (Transliteration) English Translation
1

1
Serquyash, hur olkam, elga bakht
no/at

My country, sunny and free, salvation to your people You are a warmhearted companion to the friends Flourish eternally with knowledge and inventions,

Sen ozing dostlarin yoldash, mehriban! Yashnagay ta abad ilmufan, ijad, Shukhrating parlasin taki barjahn!
667

668

Uzbekistan

May your fame shine as long as the world exists! CHORUS CHORUS Altin bu vadiylarjan Ozbekistan, Ajdadlar mardana ruhi sengayar! Ulugh khalq qudratijosh urgan zaman, Alamni mahliya ay lagan diyar! CHORUS These golden valleysdear Uzbekistan, Manly spirit of ancestors is companion to you! When the great power of people became exuberant You are the country that amazes the world!

Baghri keng ozbekning ochmas iymani. Erkin, yash avladlar senga zor qanat! Istiqlal mash 'all, tinchlikpasbani, Khaqsevar anayurt, mangu bol abad!

2
Belief of generous Uzbek does not die out, Free, young children are a strong wing
for you!

The torch of independence, guardian of peace, Motherland, be eternally prosperous! CHORUS

CHORUS

CHORUS

Uzbekistan

669

Vanuatu
Republic of Vanuatu Republique de Vanuatu Ripablik Blong Vanuatu
Quick Country Facts Location: Oceania, Pacific Ocean Area: 5,700 sq. mi. (12,200 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 196,178 Capital/Largest City: Port Vila (pop. 26,100) Official Languages: English, French, Bislama GDP/PPP: $257 million, $1,300 per capita Monetary Unit: Vatu

Yumi, Yumi, Yumi

(We, We, We)

Lyrics and Music: Francois Vincent (b. 1955). Adopted: 1980. Bislama Words CHORUS Yumi, Yumi. Yumi i glat blong talem se, Yumi, Yumi, Yumi i man blong Vanuatu!
1

English Translation CHORUS We are happy to proclaim We are the People of Vanuatu!
1

God i givim pies ia long yumi, Yumi glat tumas long hem, Yumi strong moyumi fri long hem. Yumi brata evriwan! CHORUS

God has given us this land; This gives us great cause for rejoicing. We are strong, we are free in this land; We are all brothers. CHORUS

670

Vanuatu

671

2
Plante fasin blong bifo i stap, Plante fasin blong tedei, Be yumi i olsem wan nomo, Hernia fasin blong yumi! CHORUS

2
We have many traditions And we are finding new ways. Now we shall be one People, We shall be united for ever CHORUS

3
Yumi save plante wok i stap, Long ol aelan blong yumi, God i help em yumi evriwan, Hemi papa blong yumi, CHORUS

3
We know there is much work to be done On all our islands. May God, our Father, help us!

CHORUS

Vanuatu

672

Vanuatu

673

Vatican City
Santa Sede (The Holy See)

Quick Country Facts Location: Western Europe, surrounded by Rome, Italy Area: 0.17 sq. mi. (0.44 sq. km.) Population (2000 est): 900 Official Languages: Latin, Italian Budget: $175.5 million Monetary Unit: Italian Lira

Inno e Marcia Pontificate (Hymn and Pontifical March)

Lyrics: Antonio Allegra (1905-1969). Music: Charles Gounod (1818-1893). Adopted: 1950. Italian Words INNO Roma immortale di Martin e di Santi, Roma immortale accogli i nostri canti: Gloria nei cieli a Dio nostro Signore, Pace ai Fedeti, di Cristo nell'amore. A Te veniamo, Angelico Pastore, In Te vediamo il mite Redentore, Erede Santo di vera e santa Fede; Conforto e vanto a chi combatte e crede, Non prevarranno la forza ed il terrore, Ma regneranno la Verita, l'Amore. English Translation HYMN O Rome immortal, city of martyrs and saints, O immortal Rome, accept our praises. Glory in the heavens to God our Lord And peace to men who love Christ! To you we come, angelic Pastor, In you we see the gentle Redeemer. You are the holy heir of our faith, You are the comfort and the refuge of those who believe

and fight.
Force and terror will not prevail, But truth and love will reign.

MARCIA PONTIFICALE Salve Salve Roma, patria eterna di memorie,

PONTIFICAL MARCH Hail, O Rome,

674

Vatican City

675

Cantano le tue glorie mille palme e milk altari. Roma degli apostoli, Madre guida del Rendenti, Roma luce delle genti, il mondo spera in te! Salve Salve Roma, la tua luce non tramonta, Vmce 1'odio e 1'onta lo splendor di tua belta. Roma degli Apostoli, Madre e guida dei Redenti, Roma luce delle genti, il mondo spera in te!

Eternal abode of memories; A thousand palms and thousand altars Sing your praises. O city of the Apostles, Mother and guide of the elect. Light of the nations, And hope of the world! Hail, 0 Rome! Your light will never fade; the splendor of your beauty Disperses hatred and shame. O city of the Apostles, Mother and guide of the elect, Light of the nations, And hope of the world!

Vatican City

676

Vatican City

677

678

VaticanCity

Venezuela
Repiiblica Bolivariana de Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela)

Quick Country Facts Location: South America Area: 352,143 sq. mi. (912,050 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 24,287,670 Capital/Largest City: Caracas (pop. 2,784,042) Official Language: Spanish GDP/PPP: $146.2 billion, $6,100 per capita Monetary Unit: Bolivar

Gloria al Bravo Pueblo (Glory to the Brave People)

Lyrics: Vincente Salias (1786-1814). Music: Juan Jose Landaeta (1780-1814). Adopted: 1881

Historical Background
The Venezuelan national anthem was adopted on 25 May 1881 by Antonio Guzman Blanco, former President of the Republic. Written by Juan Landaeta around 1810, the purpose was to remind the future generations of Venezuelans of their successful struggle for national emancipation. It had already been a popular patriotic song sung by the people of Greater Colombia during their fight for independence from Spain. Spanish Words CHORUS Gloria al bravo pueblo que el yugo lanzo la ley respetando, la virtud y honor. (repeat chorus) English Translation CHORUS Glory to the brave nation Which shook off the yoke, Respecting law, virtue, and honor, (repeat chorus)
1

1
jAbajo cadenas!

"Off with the chains! Off with the chains!'

679

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Venezuela

(repeat) gritaba el Senor (repeat) y el pobre en su choza libertad pidio A este santo nombre temblo de pavor el vil egoismo que otra vez triunfo. A este santo nombre (repeat) temblo de pavor el vil egoismo que otra vez triunfo. (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS
2

Cried the Lord, cried the Lord, And the poor man in his hovel Implored freedom. At this holy name, there trembled The vile selfishness that had triumphed, At this holy name, at this holy name There trembled The vile selfishness that had triumphed, (repeat)

CHORUS
2

Gritemos con brio: (repeat) jMuera la opresion! (repeat) Compatriotas fieles, la fuerza es la union; y desde el Empireo el Supremo Autor, un sublime aliento al pueblo infundio. y desde el Empireo (repeat) el Supremo Autor, un sublime aliento al pueblo infundio. (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS

Let's cry out aloud, let's cry out aloud: Down with oppression! Down with oppression! Faithful countrymen, your strength Lies in your unity; And from the heavens, and from the heavens The supreme Creator Breathed a sublime spirit into the nation. And from the heavens the supreme Creator Breathed a sublime spirit into the nation. (repeat)

CHORUS

Venezuela

681

Unida con lazos (repeat) que el cielo formo (repeat) la America toda existe en nation. Y si el despotismo levanta la voz seguid el ejemplo que Caracas dio. Y si el despotismo (repeat) levanta la voz seguid el ejemplo que Caracas dio. (repeat previous two lines) CHORUS

United by bonds, united by bonds Made by heaven, made by heaven All America exists as a Nation; And if tyranny raises its voice, Follow the example given by Caracas. And if tyranny, if tyranny Raises its voice, Follow the example given by Caracas (repeat)

CHORUS

Venezuela

682

Venezuela

683

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Venezuela

Vietnam
Cong hoa xS hoi chu nghia Viet Nam (Socialist Republic of Vietnam)
Quick Country Facts Location: Southeast Asia, Indochina Peninsula Area: 127,246 sq. mi. (329,560 sq. km.) Population (2002 est): 81,098,416 Capital: Hanoi (pop. 1,073,760) Largest City: Ho Chi Minh City (pop. 3,015,743) Official Language: Vietnamese GDP/PPP: $168.1 billion, $2,100 per capita Monetary Unit: Dong

Tien quan ca (March to the Front)

Lyrics and Music: Nguyen Van Cao (1923-1995). Adopted: 1946.

Historical Background1
Late composer Nguyen Van Cao was born in Vu Ban (Nam Dinh province) on 11 November 1923 and died on 10 July 1995. He made great contributions to the fields of music, poetry and painting and was presented the Ho Chi Minh Prize in 1996 by the government of Vietnam. He was the composer of "Tien Quan Ca" ("March to the Front"), which was later selected as the Vietnamese national anthem. In the middle of 1944, Van Cao joined the operations at the Viet Minh front (the League for the Independence of Vietnam) in Haiphong. By the end of the year, he worked for Doc Lap (Independence) newspaperthe organ of the Democratic Party behind the Viet Minh front. During this time, he began to develop the idea of the song. The composer's autograph that remains in Van Cao's selected song book, published in 1993 by the Music Publishing House, says that "in November 1944, I wrote Tien Quan Ca' myself on a stone printing slab on the first literature and art page of Doc Lap newspaper that remains the handwriting of a mere apprentice. A month later, when the newspaper was issued, I returned from a printing office Crossing a small street (now Mai Hac De Street), I suddenly heard the sound of a mandolin from a balcony. There was someone practicing the 'Tien Quan Ca.' I stopped and felt moved. The emotion that came to me was more significant than all of my songs performed at theatres earlier."
685

686

Vietnam

On 14 August 1945, at the Tan Trao National Congress in Tuyen Quang province, the provisional government selected "Tien Quan Ca" as the national anthem. During the days of the general uprising from 17-19 August 1945, the song was sung in marching demonstrations and meetings of the revolutionary public in Hanoi. The Fourth Rank soldiers from the Dong Trieu military zone along the operation roads to liberate Haiphong also sung this song loudly. Following was Saigon and other localities nationwide that were heard resounding with "Tien Quan Ca," and the song became a part of history. The immortal song has gone together with each section of the national revolutionary road for more than the past half a century. It has contributed to encouraging and stimulating the armed forces and people in the cause of national liberation and reconstruction. Vietnamese Words English Translation 1 Soldiers of Vietnam, we go forward, With the one will to save our fatherland, Our hurried steps are sounding On the long and arduous road. Our flag, red with the blood of victory, Bears the spirit of our country. The distant rumbling of the guns mingles with our marching song. The path to glory passes over the bodies of our foes. Overcoming all hardships, together we build our resistance bases. Ceaselessly for the people's cause let us struggle, Let us hasten to the battlefield! Forward! All together advancing! Our Vietnam is strong, eternal.
2 2

1
Doan quan Viet Nam di Chung long cuu quoc Birac chan don vang tren throng gap ghenh xa Cor in mau chien thang vang hon nude, Sung ngoai xa chen khuc quan hanh ca. Duong vinh quang xay xac quan thu, Thang gian lao cimg nhau lap chien khu. Vi nhan dan chien dau khong ngirng, Tien mau ra xa tnrong, Tien len, cung tien len. Nude non Met Nam ta vung ben.

Doan quan Viet Nam di Sao vang phap phdi Dat giong noi que huomg qua noi lm than Cung chung sue phan dau xay doi mdi, Dung deu len gong xich ta dap tan. Tu bao lau ta nuot cam hon, Quyet hy sinh doi ta tuoi tham hon. Vi nhan dan chien dau khong ngirng. Tien mau ra xa tnrcmg, Tien len, cung tien len.

Soldiers of Vietnam, we go forward! The gold star of our flag in the wind Leading our people, our native land, Out of misery and suffering. Let us join our efforts in the fight For the building of a new life. Let us stand up and break our chains. For too long have we swallowed our hatred. Let us keep ready for all sacrifices and our life will be radiant.

Vietnam

687

Nuoc non Viet Nam ta vung bn.

Ceaselessly for the people's cause let us struggle, Let us hasten to the battlefield! Forward! All together advancing!

Vietnam

688

Yemen
al-Jumhuriyah al-Yamaniyah (Republic of Yemen)

Quick Country Facts Location: West Asia, Arabian Peninsula Area: 203,850 sq. mi. (527,970 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 18,701,257 Capital: Sana'a (pop. 972,011) Largest City: Tiaz (pop. 2,205.947) Official Language: Arabic GDP/PPP: $14.8 billion, $820 per capita Monetary Units: Rial

United Republic
Lyrics: Abdulla Abdul Wahab Noman (1916-1982). Music: Ayob Tarish (b. 1943). Adopted: 1990.

Historical Background
Originally the anthem of South Yemen, "United Republic" was adopted in 1990, when the two Yemens merged Arabic Words VERSES Arabic Words (Transliteration, First Verse, 2 Total) 1 Raddidi Ayyatuha 'D-dunya Nashidi Raddidihi Wa-a 'idi Wa-a idi Wa 'Dhkuri Fi Farhati Kulla Shahidi Wa 'Mnahihi Hullalan Min Daw'; English Translation (First Verse, 2 Total) 1 Repeat, O World, my song. Echo it over and over again. Remember, through my joy, each martyr. Clothe him with the shining mantles Of our festival. Repeat, O World, my song.

Idi Raddidi Ayyatuha 'D-dunya

689

690

Yemen

Nashidi 'Ishtu Imani Wa-hubbi Umamiyya Wa-masiri Fawqa Darbi Arabiyya Wa-sayabqa Nabdu Oalbi Yamaniyya Lan Tar a 'D-dunya Ala Ardi Wasiyya.

In faith and love I am part of mankind. An Arab I am in all my life. My heart beats in tune with Yemen. No foreigner shall dominate over Yemen.

yemen

691

Zambia Republic of Zambia

Quick Country Facts Location: South-central Africa Area: 290,586 sq. mi. (752,614 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 9,959,037 Capital/Largest City: Lusaka (pop. 1,800,000) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $8.5 billion, $870 per capita Monetary Unit: Kwacha

Stand and Sing of Zambia Lumbanyeni Zambia

Lyrics: Collectively Written. Music: Mankayi Enoch Sontonga (1860-1904). Adopted: 1964.

Historical Background1
The tune of the Zambian national anthem was taken from a song called "Nkosi Sikelele Africa," composed by a South African, Mankayi Enoch Sontonga, in 1897. The anthem expresses freedom, unity, hard work, and respect for God. Sang in official occasions, the song takes Zambians back in time to when the country was granted independence. English Words
1

Bemba Words
1

Stand and sing of Zambia, proud and free, Land of work and joy in unity. Victors in the struggle for the right, We have won freedom's fight. All one, strong and free.
2

Lumbanyeni Zambia, no kwanga, Ne cilumba twange tuumfwane, Mpalume sha bulwi twa cine, Twaliilubula. Twikatane bonse.
2

Africa is our own motherland, Fashion'd with and blessed by God's good hand. Let us all her people join as one,

Bonse tuli bana ba Africa, Uwasenaminwa na Lesa, Nomba bonse twendele pamo,
692

Zambia

693

Brothers under the sun. All one, strong and free. 3 One land and one nation is our cry, Dignity and peace 'neath Zambia's sky, Like our noble eagle in its flight, Zambia, praise to thee. All one, strong and free. CHORUS Praise be to God. Praise be, praise be, praise be, Bless our great nation. Zambia, Zambia, Zambia. Free men we stand Under the flag of our land. Zambia, praise to thee! All one, strong and free.

Twaliilubula. Twikatane bonse. 3 Fwe lukuta Iwa Zambia lonse, Twikatane tubyo mutende, Pamo nga lubambe mu mum, Lumbanyeni Zambia. Twikatane bonse. CHORUS Lumbanyeni, Lesa, Lesa, wesu, Apale calo, Zambia, Zambia, Zambia. Fwe bantungwa Mu luunga Iwa calo. Lumbanyeni Zambia. Twikatane bonse.

Zambia

694

Zambia

695

Zimbabwe Republic of Zimbabwe

Quick Country Facts Location: South-central Africa Area: 150,698 sq. mi. (390,580 sq. km.) Population (2002 est.): 11,376,676 Capital/Largest City: Harare (pop. 1,184,169) Official Language: English GDP/PPP: $28 billion, $2,450 per capita Monetary Unit: Zimbabwean Dollar

Blessed be the Land of Zimbabwe Ngaikomborerwe Nyika yeZimbabwe Kalibusisiwe Ilizwe leZimbabwe
Lyrics: Soloman M. Mutswairo (b. 1924). Music: Fred Lecture Changundega (b. 1954). Adopted: 1994.

Historical Background1
Since independence, Zimbabwe had been using the "Ishe Komborera Africa" theme as its national anthem. Over the years the country looked for a truly Zimbabwean song that would take into account the country's history and the aspirations of its peoples. Poets, artists, musicians, and ordinary people were asked to come up with the music and lyrics for a new national anthem. The winning entry was a song written by Professor Soloman M. Mutswairo and composed by Fred Lecture Changundega. It was launched in March 1994. English Words Shona Words Ndebele Words

1
O lift high the banner, the flag of Zimbabwe The symbol of freedom proclaiming victory; We praise our heroes' sacrifice,

1
Simudzai mureza wedu weZimbabwe Yakazvarwa nomoto wechimurenga; Neropa zhinji ramagamba Tiidzivirire kumhandu dzose; Ngaikomborerwe nyika yeZimbabwe
696

1
Phakamisan iflegi yethu yeZimbabwe Eyazalwa yimpi yenkululeko; Legaz' elinengi lamaqhawe ethu Silivikele ezithan izonke; Kalibusisiwe ilizwe leZimbabwe.

Zimbabwe

697

And vow to keep our land from foes; And may the Almighty protect and bless our land.
2 2 2

O lovely Zimbabwe, so wondrously adorned With mountains, and rivers cascading, flowing free; May rain abound, and fertile fields; May we be fed, our labor blessed; And may the Almighty protect and bless our land.
3

Tarisai Zimbabwe nyika yakashongedzwa Namakomo, nehova, zvinoyevedza Mvura ngainaye, minda ipe mbesa Vashandi vatuswe, ruzhinji rugutswe; Ngaikomborerwe nyika yeZimbabwe.

Khangelan' iZimbabwe yon' ihlotshiwe Ngezintaba lang' miful' ebukekayo, Izulu kalme. izilimo zande; Iz' sebenzi zenam', abantu basuthe; Kalibusisiwe ilizwe leZimbabwe.

O God, we beseech Thee to bless our native land; The land of our fathers bestowed upon
us all;

Mwari ropafadzai nyika yeZimbabwe Nyika yamadzitateguru edu lose; Kubva Zambezi kusvika Limpopo, Navatungamiri vave nenduramo; Ngaikomborerwe nyika yeZimbabwe.

Nkosi busis' ilizwe lethu leZimbabwe Ilizwe labokhokho bethu thina sonke; Kusuk' eZambezi kusiy' eLimpopo Abakhokheli babe lobuqotho; Kalibusisiwe ilizwe leZimbabwe.

From Zambezi to Limpopo May leaders be exemplary; And may the Almighty protect and bless our land.

Zimbabwe

698

Notes
Unless mentioned below, transliterations and English translations of the anthems are provided with permission from David Kendall. Albania 1. Berishaj, Antoni, and Lushi. Uk, "Anthem." Albanian.com. 1998. www.albanian.com/main/countries/albania/general/anthem.html (6 July 2001). 2. See above. Andorra 1. Embassy of the Principality of Andorra in Brussels, Belgium. 2. See above. Antigua and Barbuda 1. Charisma, "Antigua Net. Antigua!" 1997. www.antiguanet.net/disclaimer.htm (5 June 2001). Armenia 1. Translated by Makrouhie Maljian. Australia 1. National Australia Day Council, "About Australia: National Anthem." www.nadc.com.au/aboutaust/anthem.html (2 July 2001). Austria 1. Austrian Press and Information Service, Washington, D.C. Azerbaijan 1. Azerbaijan International, "Azerbaijan National Hymn." 2002. www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/music/AudioPages/NationalAnthem/hymn_independence.html (5 September 2002) Bangladesh 1. Translated by Professor Syed Ali Ahsan. Barbados 1. Barbados Government Information Service. Belarus 1. Jan Zaprudmk Historical Dictionary of Belarus (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1998), p. 161. Brazil 1. Cultura Brasileira, "The National Symbols of Brazil." www.culturabrasil.pro.br/simbolospatrios.htm (5 September 2002). 2. See above. Bulgaria 1. Special thanks to David Kendall. 2. Opismeneh, "Anthem of the Republic of Bulgaria." 1998. www.kirildouhalov.net/republic/anthem.html. (5 September 2002).

699

700

Notes

Canada 1. Government of Canada. Cape Verde 1. Presidency of the Republic of Cape Verde. China 1. People's Daily English Edition. 2. See above. China, Republic of 1. Government Information Office, Republic of China. Costa Rica 1. Costa Rica Web, "National Anthem." 1996. www.costarica.com/culture/national-symbols/national-anthem.html (5 September 2002). 2. See above. Croatia 1. Croatia Net, "Croatian Anthem." 1996. www.croatia.net/anthem/ (5 September 2002). 2. Translated by Profikon. Cyprus 1. Special thanks to P. Kritidis. 2. Translated by Sir Rudyard Kipling. Czech Republic 1. MusicaBona, "Frantisek Skroup." 2000. www.musicabona.com/cdalll/skroup01.html (5 September 2002). Denmark 1. Royal Danish Embassy in Washington, D. C. 2. See above. 3. See above. 4. See above. Egypt 1. Egypt State Information Service. 2. See above. Eritrea 1. Special thanks to Mebrat Tzehaie. Estonia 1. Office of the President of the Republic of Estonia. 2. Translated by Jenny Wahl. Finland 1. Virtual Finland, "Finnish National Anthem." 1999. virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/niaamme.html (5 September 2002). 2. See above.

Notes

701

France 1. Embassy of the French Republic in Canberra, Australia. Germany 1. Brandenburg Historica, "Deutschland, Deutschland uber alles." 1996. www.brandenburghistorica.com/page5.html (5 September 2002). 2. See above. Greece 1 Special thanks to Mr. P. Kritidis. 2. Translated by Sir Rudyard Kipling Haiti 1. Site Kreyol, "History." 2002. www.sitekreyol.com/National_Anthem.htm (5 September 2002). 2. Haitian Student Association of the University of Florida. Hungary 1. Embassy of the Republic of Hungary in Zagreb, Croatia 2. Translated by William N Loew. Iceland 1 Prime Minister's Office, Government of the Republic of Iceland. 2. See above. India 1. Prime Minister's Office of India 2. Translated by Rabindranath Tagore Indonesia 1. Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Prague, Czech Republic. 2. See above. Iraq 1. Radio Free Europe. Ireland 1. Department of the Taoiseach, Government of the Republic of Ireland Israel 1. Our Jerusalem, "The History of 'Hatikva': Israel's National Anthem." 2001 www.ourjerusalem.com/history/story/history20010501a.html (5 September 2002). 2. Israel Science and Technology Homepage, "National Anthem of Israel." 1999 www.science.co.il/Israel-anthem.asp (5 September 2002). Italy 1. Italian Cultural Institute of Washington, D.C. 2. See above. Japan 1 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan 2. Translated by Basil H. Chamberlain.

702

Notes

Korea, North 1. Korean Central News Agency. Korea, South 1. Korean Cultural Service, Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Washington, D.C. 2. See above. Kuwait 1. Special thanks to the Kuwait Information Office. 2. See above. Latvia 1. The Latvian Institute. Lebanon 1. Special thanks to Yesser Kadado. Liechtenstein 1. Furstentum Liechtenstein, "The national anthem." www.liechtenstein.li (5 September 2002). 2. See above. Lithuania 1. Embassy of the Republic of Lithuania, Washington. D.C. 2. See above. Luxembourg 1. Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. 2. See above. Macedonia 1. Presidency of the Republic of Macedonia. Madagascar 1. Embassy of the Republic of Madagascar, Washington. D.C. Malaysia 1. Embassy of Malaysia in Seoul, Korea. Malta 1. Department of Information, Government of Malta. 2. See above. Mexico 1. Inside Mexico, "Mexico's National Anthem." www.inside-mexico.com/anthem.htm (5 September 2002). Mozambique 1. Mozambique News Agency, London, UK. The Netherlands 1. Royal Netherlands Embassy in Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro. 2. See above. New Zealand 1. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Government of New Zealand.

Notes Nigeria 1. Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in Washington, D.C. Norway

703

1. Stavanger Web, "17th of May in Norway." www.stavanger-web.com/17may/ (5 September 2002).

2. See above. Pakistan 1. Pakistan News Service. 2. See above. Palestine 1. Palestine History, "Palestine Flag and Anthem." www.palestinehistory.com/anthem.htm (5 September 2002). The Philippines

1. Special thanks to Rogelio A. Santos. 2. Translated by Camilo Osias and A. L. Lang. Poland 1. Department of Polish Music, University of Southern California. 2. See above. Portugal 1. Presidency of the Portuguese Republic. Romania 1. Presidency of Romania. 2. Embassy of Romania in Canberra, Australia. Russia
1. Warsaw Voice.

2. Russian Legacy, "Anthem of the Russian Federation." 2001. www.russianlegacy.com/en/go_to/anthem.htm (5 September 2002).
Rwanda 1. British Broadcasting Corporation Singapore 1. Ministry of Communication, Information, and the Arts, Republic of Singapore 2. See above. Slovakia 1. Slovakia.org, "Slovak National Anthem." www.slovakia.org/sk-anthem.htm (5 September 2002). Slovenia

1. Government of the Republic of Slovenia. 2. See above. Somalia 1. Special thanks to David Kendall South Africa 1. Government of the Republic of South Africa.

704

Notes

Spain 1. Special thanks to Julio Rancel Sri Lanka 1. Council for Information Technology, Sri Lanka. Sweden 1. AT&T Jens Virtual Classroom, "Swedish National Anthem History." ww\v.jp.kids-commons.net/vc96/vc-05/indexb.htm (5 September 2002). 2. AT&T Jens Virtual Classroom, "Swedish National Anthem. Lyrics." www.jp.kids-commons.net/vc96/vc-05/indexc.htm (5 September 2002). Switzerland 1. Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation. Thailand 1. Sawadee Thailand, "National Symbols." 1999. www.sawadeethailand.com/about/flag/flag.html (5 September 2002). 2. See above. Tonga 1. Prime Minister's Office, Kingdom of Tonga. Turkey 1. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Turkey. Ukraine 1. Linda Hodges and George Chumak. The Language and Tra\>el Guide to Ukraine (New York: Hippocrene, 2000). 2. Translated by Ihor Slabicky. United Kingdom 1. Government of Canada. United States 1. Embassy of the United States of America in Stockholm, Sweden. Vietnam 1. Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in Washington, D.C. 2. See above. Zambia 1. Zambia Information Desk, "Our National Identity: National Anthem." 2001. www.zambiainfodesk.com/zambiathecountry/zambia-anthem.html (5 September 2002). Zimbabwe 1. Ecoweb. 2001. www.ecoweb.co.zw/education/zim_anthem.asp (5 September 2002).