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Background
Essential oils from aerial parts of Achillea wilhelmsii , Tanacetum polycephalum and Teucrium polium were isolated by using Clevenger-type apparatus and tested at different concentrations for their nematicidal activity against the second stage juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro condition. The chemical components of the essen...
Citations
... This finding implies that the positions of the double bond within the propenyl group and the position of the substituent in the geometrical isomer play crucial roles in determining the nematicidal activity. Furthermore, allylic alcohol and phenolic alcohols, such as carvacrol and geraniol, demonstrated more potent nematicidal properties compared to other alcoholic compounds containing a hydroxyl group [50]. To differentiate the impact of essential oils based on their specific chemical compositions, researchers conduct identification and quantification of the constituent compounds of essential oils that are responsible for nematoxicity. ...
... To differentiate the impact of essential oils based on their specific chemical compositions, researchers conduct identification and quantification of the constituent compounds of essential oils that are responsible for nematoxicity. This analysis involves techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) alongside in vitro assays [50,65]. ...
... Specifically, at 4000 ppm, the mortality rate reached 78.9% within 24 h and 100% after 72 h of exposure [44]. Its presence was also detected in essential oils from various plants such as Achillea wilhelmsii, Tanacetum polycephalum, Rutaceae Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, and Teucrium polium, and was identified as a key component responsible for their nematicidal activity when subjected to in vitro nematotoxicity tests [50]. Both concentrations of limonene (100 and 200 ppm) induced over 90% mortality in M. incognita J2 [50]. ...
The Meloidogyne genus is widely recognized for its significant economic and scientific importance within the group of plant-parasitic nematodes. The chemical management of nematodes presents its challenges and heavily depends on employing soil fumigants containing toxic and costly nematicides. However, plant-derived essential oils offer promising alternatives, demonstrating a wide range of biological activities that affect nematodes through a range of mechanisms, including disrupting their nervous systems, inducing detrimental effects on plasma membrane permeability, penetrating the gelatinous matrix of nematode eggs, and disturbing intracellular redox status. Most of the extracted essential oils were predominantly sourced from the Lamiaceae family (32%), followed by Asteraceae (11%), Apiaceae (9%), and Poaceae (8%), and with genera Thymus, Mentha, Ocimum, Artemisia, Cymbopogon being the most common. The nematicidal activity of EOs primarily arises from their chemical groups, such as terpenes, phenylpropanoids, and organosulfur compounds. Among these, geraniol, carvacrol, limonene, eugenol, thymol, and pinene demonstrate the strongest nematicidal potential. The assessed EO efficacy was evaluated against 6 species belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. This review also provides knowledge of synergistic and antagonistic interactions of EO components. Synergistic interactions were identified between carvacrol and geraniol, as well as geraniol and eugenol, whereas binary combinations of carvacrol, γ-terpinene, and o-cymene exhibited reduced efficacy. Understanding how specific compounds interact can lead to the development of more potent and effective final products.
... The root parasitic nematode Xiphinema index damage by increasing biogenic volatile organic compounds (α-farnesene and α-bergamotene) was proved on Vitis vinifera L. [45]. The nematicidal activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Achillea wilhelmsii, Tanacetum polycephalum and Teucrium polium against M. incognita J2s with β-pinene and α-pinene respectively, at concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm were reported [46]. Li et al. [47] reported that α-pinene at a low concentration of 56.33 mg/mL had inhibited effect on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, as fatal to pine trees. ...
The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is a plant pathogen that causes significant economic damage to important food crops. The nematicidal and insecticidal effects of the essential oil and extract of the root and stem of different species of Eupatorium have been studied in several countries. We investigated the impact of root stems and leaves of the E. adenophorum on the second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita. Nematode mortality decreased by root-stem treatment and increasing temperature and time. Nematodes (J2) were more sensitive to root-stem treatment than leaf treatment at all tested conditions. For example, the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) root-stems at 35 °C was estimated as 10.3 mg/g and in the 8th week as 7.8 mg/g, while the maximal effective concentration (ECmax) in leaf treatment is 20.3 and 10.1 mg/g, respectively. The E. adenophorum 40 mg/g concentration of root stems also produced the highest height of the cucumber stem and the highest cucumber fresh weight in the greenhouse. (E)-beta-farnesene, α-pinene and D-limonene, as the main identified components in fumigant plants, increased the mortality rate of J2s in root-stems treatment. We conclude that E. adenophorum dried root stems added to the soil in greenhouses have the potential as a bio-fumigant for M. incognita management.
... Most species have a phoretic relationship with insects, especially bark beetles and wood borers, and are associated with dead or dying conifers, for example B. xylophilus, one of the most dangerous forest pathogen in the world causes devastating pine forest deaths with considerable economic losses. Alternative nematocides control methods should bet on EOs, thanks to their successful activity against the major plant feeders nematodes (Oka et al., 2000;Faria et al., 2021;Ardakani and Hosseininejad, 2022) and their absence of side effects on natural environments (Mohan et al., 2011). ...
In agriculture, more attention has been paid to limit the amount of chemical plant protection products. A potential alternative solution has been found in essential oils (EOs), which appear as promising candidates for their properties (safe, bioactive, biodegradable products) in managing plant diseases in agriculture. Therefore, a co-occurrence analysis was carried out on the available literature on Scopus database, through network maps created by VOSviewer software in order to identify the EOs used in agriculture, agricultural products and their target application. USA and India appeared as the most productive countries in terms of documents and citations followed by Iran and Italy. The co-occurrence analysis revealed eight, more frequently used, EOs in agriculture, in particular, they found more applications as antibacterial and insecticidal agents. On the contrary, any specific EO for nematicidal and acaricidal activity emerged from the analysis. The EOs with the largest applicability were Thymus (mainly T. vulgaris), Citrus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum, Lavandula, Mentha, Ocimum (mainly O. basilicum). Thanks to EOs main features, is possible to invest more in the research, as demonstrated by the increasing trend of documents published in the last decades and the list of high-quality journals interested in this topic. An easier interpretation of the great amount of data enables to identify what has been investigated till nowadays to shape the potential future progression and prospective in this research field.
