Embryo Rescue Breeding of New Cold-Resistant, Seedless Grapes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. Reagents and Instruments
2.3. Pollen Collection, Emasculation and Hybridization
2.4. Sampling
2.5. Ovule Culture and Embryo Development
2.6. Analysis of Seedlessness and Cold Resistance by Molecular Markers
2.7. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Screening of the Best Combination
3.2. Effect of Sampling Time on Embryo Rescue
3.3. Effect of Culture Media of Different Sucrose Concentrations on Embryo Rescue
3.4. Assisted Selection of Seedless Molecular Markers
3.5. Preliminary Screening of Molecular Markers for Cold Resistance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cross Combinations | Female Characteristics | Male Characteristics |
---|---|---|
‘Wuhe Cuibao’ × ‘Shine-Muscat’ | Seedless; Precocious; Rose fragrance | Seeded; Late maturing; Rose fragrance |
‘Wuhe Cuibao’ × ‘Xinyu’ | Seedless; Precocious; Rose fragrance | Seeded; Precocious; great quality |
‘Flame Seedless’ × ‘Shuangyou’ | Seedless; Precocious; great quality | Seeded; Medium ripe; Strong Cold resistance |
‘Heshi Seedless’ × ‘Shuangyou’ | Seedless; Medium-ripe; Poor disease resistance | Seeded; Medium ripe; Strong Cold resistance |
‘Flame Seedless’ × ‘Munake’ | Seedless; Precocious; great quality | Seeded; Late maturing; Poor Cold resistance |
‘Kunxiang Seedless’ × ‘Beichun’ | Seedless; Medium ripe; Rose fragrance | Seeded; Late maturing; Strong Cold resistance |
‘Jingzaojing’ × ‘Beichun’ | Seedless; Medium ripe; Rose fragrance | Seeded; Late maturing; Strong Cold resistance |
‘Sultanina Rose’ × ‘Beichun’ | Seedless; Medium ripe | Seeded; Late maturing; Strong Cold resistance |
‘Huozhou Hongyu’ × ‘Beibinghong’ | Seedless; Precocious; Poor disease resistance | Seeded; Medium ripe; Strong disease resistance |
‘Centennial Seedless’ × ‘Beibinghong’ | Seedless; Precocious | Seeded; Medium ripe; Strong disease resistance |
‘Ruby Seedless’ × ‘Beibinghong’ | Seedless; Late maturing; great quality | Seeded; Medium ripe; Strong disease resistance |
‘Melissa seedless’ × ‘Xinyu’ | Seedless; Precocious; Rose fragrance | Seeded; Precocious; Strong Cold resistance |
‘Yuehong Wuhe’ × ‘SP740′ | Seedless; Precocious; Moderate resistance | Seeded; Late maturing |
‘Ruby Seedless’ × ‘Shine-Muscat’ | Seedless; Late maturing; great quality | Seeded; Late maturing; Rose fragrance |
Cross Combinations | Pollination Time | Sampling Time | No. of Ovules | No. of Embryos | No. of | No. of Normal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cultured | Developed | Germinated | Seedlings | |||||
No. | % | No. | % | |||||
‘Flame Seedless’ × ‘Shuangyou’ | 5.14 | 6.25 | 664 | 595 | 85 | 14.3 | 67 | 11.3 |
‘Flame Seedless’ × ‘Munake’ | 5.22 | 6.27 | 213 | 248 | 44 | 17.7 | 12 | 4.8 |
‘Heshi Seedless’ × ‘Shuangyou’ | 5.16 | 7.18 | 600 | 180 | 15 | 8.3 | 11 | 1.8 |
‘Kunxiang Seedless’ × ‘Beichun’ | 5.17 | 6.28 | 332 | 101 | 6 | 5.9 | 4 | 1.7 |
‘Jingzaojing’ × ‘Beichun’ | 5.17 | 7.14 | 1022 | 941 | 161 | 17.1 | 8 | 0.8 |
‘Sultanina Rose’ × ‘Beichun’ | 5.2 | 7.19 | 594 | 396 | 17 | 4.3 | 15 | 3.8 |
‘Huozhou Hongyu’ × ‘Beibinghong’ | 5.17 | 7.14 | 151 | 84 | 24 | 28.6 | 11 | 13.1 |
‘Centennial Seedless’ × ‘Beibinghong’ | 5.16 | 6.24 | 520 | 131 | 12 | 9.2 | 6 | 4.6 |
‘Ruby Seedless’ × ‘Beibinghong’ | 5.16 | 7.14 | 640 | 1088 | 434 | 39.9 | 234 | 21.5 |
‘Wuhe Cuibao’ × ‘Xinyu’ | 5.22 | 7.15 | 110 | 61 | 13 | 21.3 | 6 | 9.8 |
‘Wuhe Cuibao’ × ‘Shine-Muscat’ | 6.1 | 7.21 | 188 | 40 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 5 |
‘Ruby Seedless’ × ‘Shine-Muscat’ | 5.27 | 7.2 | 170 | 65 | 39 | 60 | 8 | 12.3 |
‘Melissa seedless’ × ‘Xinyu’ | 5.22 | 7.15 | 363 | 140 | 31 | 22.1 | 23 | 16.4 |
‘Yuehong Wuhe’ × ‘Sp740′ | 5.22 | 6.28 | 240 | 299 | 45 | 15.1 | 20 | 6.7 |
∑ | 5807 | 4369 | 930 | 19.6 | 427 | 8.1 |
Crosses | Sampling Dates | No. of Ovules Cultured | Embryos Developed | Germinated | Normal Seedlings | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |||
‘Yuehong Wuhe’ × ‘Sp740′ | 33 | 135 | 30 | 22.2 | 22 | 73.3 | 8 | 5.9 |
35 | 113 | 27 | 23.9 | 16 | 59.3 | 8 | 7.1 | |
37 | 51 | 14 | 27.5 | 7 | 50 | 4 | 7.8 | |
‘Melissa seedless’ × ‘Xinyu’ | 52 | 61 | 26 | 42.6 | 19 | 73.1 | 16 | 26.2 |
54 | 33 | 11 | 33.3 | 4 | 36.4 | 2 | 6.1 | |
56 | 46 | 17 | 37 | 8 | 47.1 | 5 | 10.9 | |
‘Ruby Seedless’ × ‘Shine-Muscat’ | 53 | 18 | 7 | 38.9 | 3 | 42.9 | 2 | 11.1 |
55 | 28 | 19 | 67.9 | 7 | 36.8 | 5 | 17.9 | |
57 | 19 | 3 | 34.5 | 2 | 66.7 | 1 | 3.3 |
Cross Combinations | Concentration of Sucrose (%) | No. of Ovules Cultured | Embryos Developed | Germinated | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | |||
‘Ruby Seedless’ × ‘Shine-Muscat’ | 1 | 70 | 22 | 31.4 | 11 | 15.7 |
1.5 | 80 | 13 | 16.3 | 6 | 7.5 | |
2 | 70 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 2.9 | |
3 | 79 | 3 | 3.8 | 1 | 1.3 | |
‘Yuehong Wuhe’ × ‘Sp740’ | 1 | 16 | 14 | 87.5 | 4 | 25 |
1.5 | 16 | 12 | 75 | 3 | 18.8 | |
2 | 16 | 9 | 56.3 | 0 | 0 | |
3 | 17 | 6 | 35.3 | 1 | 5.9 |
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Chu, Y.; Li, M.; Li, R.; Zhang, K.; Qiu, P.; Yuan, X.; Han, Y.; Liu, X.; Xu, Y.; Liu, G. Embryo Rescue Breeding of New Cold-Resistant, Seedless Grapes. Horticulturae 2023, 9, 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9090992
Chu Y, Li M, Li R, Zhang K, Qiu P, Yuan X, Han Y, Liu X, Xu Y, Liu G. Embryo Rescue Breeding of New Cold-Resistant, Seedless Grapes. Horticulturae. 2023; 9(9):992. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9090992
Chicago/Turabian StyleChu, Yannan, Min Li, Ruonan Li, Kangzhuang Zhang, Pengpeng Qiu, Xiaojian Yuan, Yulei Han, Xinyu Liu, Yan Xu, and Guotian Liu. 2023. "Embryo Rescue Breeding of New Cold-Resistant, Seedless Grapes" Horticulturae 9, no. 9: 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9090992