Flowers:
Green (Not ornamentally important; spring)
Foliage:
Green (Dark-green compound leaves in summer); Yellow (Fall)
Fruit:
Black (Interesting fruits on female trees are black, subglobose, 5-seeded drupes that ripen and persist into winter)
Soil:
Widely adapted to different soils
Diagnostic Characteristics:
Leaves are opposite, 10-15" long with 5-11 entire leaflets (odd pinnate) and lustrous dark green above. Petiole completely encircles and covers bud, unlike Fraxinus. Horse-shoe leaf scar. Prominent lenticels on stems. Bright yellow-green inner wood. Stout stems. Heavy corky ridges on trunk and main branches.
