Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
2022, Jurnal Pijar Mipa
Washing hands with soap is one of the new habits during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is very important to continue to apply. Therefore, alternative natural ingredients are needed to manufacture liquid hand soap that is safe to use in the long term. Celery leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, essential oils, choline, lipase, and alkaloids. The content of these secondary metabolites has antimicrobial activity. This study aims to formulate liquid hand soap preparations from celery leaf extract following SNI 2588.2.2017. This research is experimental laboratory research that formulates soap preparations with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% and is followed by an evaluation of the preparations based on the referenced SNI quality requirements. This study resulted in an extract yield of 37.12% with organoleptic test results in a thick liquid dosage form, characteristic odor of celery, and green color. In the evaluation test of preparations based on SNI 2588:2017, the results obt...
Jurnal Pijar Mipa
Antibacterial activity test of celery leaf (Apium graveolens) extract liquid hand soap against Staphylococcus aureusPersonal and environmental hygiene must be considered to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. One of them is by washing hands with soap. Liquid soap is a skin cleanser made from soap-based ingredients and added surfactants, preservatives, foam stabilizers, fragrances, and dyes. The basic ingredients for soap can be natural, one of which is essential oil. Celery contains essential oils (alinin and allicin), flavonoids, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B, iron, calcium, sulfur, and phosphorus. Essential oil from celery has activity as an antifungal and is active against many bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to determine the celery extract liquid hand soap has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and the effective concentration of celery leaf extract liquid hand soap on the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus. The research method was laboratory experimental by testing the antibacterial activity of liquid hand soap fo...
JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)
ETHANOL EXTRACT LIQUID SOAP FORMULATION LEAVES OF CELERY (Apium graveolens L.) AGAINST Escherichia coli BACTERIADirty hands will be a source of disease. Soap is a pharmaceutical preparation used to maintain health. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a plant of the Apiaceae tribe with a distinctive menthol aroma. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory power of celery leaf extract formulation (Apium graveolens L.) as an antibacterial hand-washing soap. This research method is a type of experimental research. The stages of the research were collecting samples, identifying plants, making simplicia, characterizing simplicia, screening phytochemicals, making extracts and making hand soap formulations of celery leaf extract (Apium graveolens L) at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and antibacterial testing of celery leaves, against Escherichia coli bacteria. The results showed the celery leaf extract soap formulation contained phytochemical compounds of flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The organoleptic test found that the best soap formulation was the F2 formulation with a concentration of 10% at a...
2021 •
Soap is a salt of fatty acid obtained by treating vegetable oils or animal fats with alkali. In current scenario herbal soap has generated considerable interest and enthusiasm amongst consumers due to ecofriendly nature of the product. The research work de from Curcuma longa and Embeliaribes these phytoconstituents incorporated to properties like appearance, pH test, total fatty matter test, etc. The antimicrobial efficacy of the formulated soaps was checked by agar well diffusion method by using two bacterial strains strain Candida albicans and thumb impression method. The result of studies showed that better activity than Embeline soap.
Indo. J. Chem. Res.
Formulation of Lahuna Leave (Eupatorium odoratum) and Sirih Leave Extract (Piper betle L.) as Antiseptic Liquid SoapInfectious diseases caused by microorganisms are the main cause of high morbidity and mortality in the world. One of the plants that have the potential as an antiseptic is a lahuna leaf. Lahuna leaves contain active antibacterial compounds and the addition of betel leaf to the liquid soap formulations can strengthen the activity of the antiseptic produced. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of liquid soap formulations of lahuna leaves and betel leaves as an antiseptic. The methods used include phytochemical screening, physical observation of liquid soap formulations, and antibacterial activity tests using agar diffusion methods. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that lahuna leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, while betel leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The liquid soap formulation of lahuna leaves and betel leaves has a clear yellow color, distinctive aroma, liquid form, rough ta...
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research
Formulation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Herbal SoapBacterial skin infections are most common amongst people, requiring significant attention for treatment and also for maintaining healthy skin. Some herbal plant extracts and their oils were found to have antibacterial activity. The aim and objective of the present study are to formulate and evaluate anti-bacterial herbal soap using Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum oils. The antibacterial activity of the prepared formulations was tested using the agar well diffusion method against the organisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and, Escherichia coli and they exhibited a good anti-bacterial effect. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters for which good characteristics were observed. The easy availability of plants and their effectiveness helps manufacturers with cost-effective benefits and with less or no side effects.
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Soap Taking Different Bioactive Plants by Cold Saponification MethodObjective: The final goal of this research is to develop and evaluate herbal bath soap taking various bioactive herbal plants extract with different ethinic and dermatological importance in ayurveda, namely Solanum lycopersicum, Sapindus mukorossi, Acacia nilotica, Citrus limon, Aloe barbadensis, Piper betle, Curcuma longa and Cocus nucifera. Methods: The extract of all plant materials were obtained through various extraction procedures suitable for them. The extract was then mixed with lye and fatty oil for preparing a soap using the cold saponification method. Results: The prepared soap was evaluated against marketed soap. The prepared soap was found to be good in appearance, color and odor. pH, % free alkali content, foamability, foam stability, moisture content and alcohol insoluble matter were found to be 9.6, 0.22, 15 cm, 14.5 cm, 3.26 and 17.25, respectively. The antioxidant activity and antibacterial studies were done, which signifies prepared soap to be a potent antioxidant...
The maintenance of beautiful skin and hair is the desire of many people all over the world, thus, the application of safe cosmetic products is inevitable. Natural cosmetics containing bioactive phytochemical compounds offer great deal of beauty and pharmacological effect with less toxicity to users and the environment. The principle of green chemistry was adopted for the preparation of herbal antiseptic soaps which were plant-based, biodegradable and free of artificial colourings/preservatives. Underutilised tropical seeds of Daniellia oliveri, Elaeis guineensis and Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea butter) were used as sources of oil or fat for the saponification processes while Moringa oleifera seed oil and leave extract served as sources of antimicrobial agents. Ocimum basilicum also served as source of fragrance as well as antiseptic agent. The oils were mixed at different ratio to obtain soaps with different properties. Phy-sicochemical parameters which include colour, acid value, free fatty acid values, saponification values, hardness, pH, colour and foaming ability of the oil and soaps were determined as applicable. The fatty acids methyl esters of the oils were prepared via transesterification and subjected to GC–MS analysis to obtain the fatty acid composition of the oils. Daniellia oliveri oil contains 57% linolelaidic acid as the major fatty acid, while oleic acid (46%) and lauric acid (44%) were the most prominent in Shea butter and palm kernel oil respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the soaps determined using agar diffusion method indicated that the soaps made from the oil of Daniellia oliveri and Shea butter inhibited the growth Streptococcus aureus, Klebsiella granulomatis and Aspergillus niger. Shea butter soap has the highest activity against Klebsiella granulomatis (42 mm), while soaps made from blend of palm kernel oil and Shea butter had highest activity against Aspergillus niger (7.0). The production was highly cost effective when compared to selected commercial soaps. Therefore, the adoption of these natural resources for the preparation of eco-friendly herbal soaps would save the environment of the daily introduction of many hazardous synthetic chemical products whilst also finding utility for non-conventional seed oils and at the same time improving the economic status of the community.
Proceedings of the U-Go Healthy International Conference, U-Go Healthy 2020, 29 March 2020, Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia
Formulation of Solid Soap Combination of Green Tea Leaf (Camellia sinnensis L.) and Corn Kernel (Zea mays) Extracts2022 •
Plant oils are liquids extracted from plants usually plant seeds. They can be obtained through steam-distillation, solvent-extraction, resin trapping, and mechanical method such as cold pressing. Plant oil constituents contribute to the beneficial or adverse effects against pathogenic bacteria because the skin harbors diverse bacteria, and alterations to these bacteria can affect the effectiveness of skin as a blockage to infectious disease or create skin injury. Soaps formulated with plant oil have been found effective both in cleaning and killing bacteria. The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of some selected seed oil from plant for soap formulation. Soap tablets were produced through the cold saponification process by reacting to the selected seed oils (baobab oil, canary oil, castor beans oil, wild grapes, cottonseed oil, onion oil, and calabash seed oil) with sodium hydroxide. The sodium hydroxide solution was added to each seed oils in ratio 1:1 v/v and activities of the soap against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi were investigated. The results revealed that soap formulated with Onion seed oil possessed the highest activity against all bacterial strains. However, cottonseed oil, canary melon oil possessed good activities against all strains of bacteria only at higher concentrations (150mg/L and 200mg/L). The result suggests that the formulated soap especially those formulated with Onion seed oil, cottonseed oil, and canary melon oil will be effective in the eradication of skin bacteria. The oils can be used as an antibacterial agent in the industrial production soaps.
Journal of Applied Life Sciences International
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of a Medicinal Soap Made from Zingiber officinale and Syzygium aromaticum Essential OilsAims: The objective of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial and sensory properties of a formulated medicinal soap. Study Design: Extraction of essential oils, purchase of vegetable oils and caustic soda, soap formulation, testing of its antibacterial and antifungal activities, evaluation of its acceptability. Place and Duration of Study: Research unit of biochemistry of medicinal plant, food and nutritional sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang from October 2019 to July 2020. Methodology: Cold saponification method was used for the production of soap using the following ingredients: Palm kernel oil, olive oil, coconut oil, Palm oleic, caustic soda, essential oils from ginger roots and cloves buds. The formulated soap was used for the evaluation of its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities as well as its acceptability using the 9-points hedonic scale. The soap was tested on the following microorganisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01...
Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia
Zoomorphic Images in Eastern Slavic Embroidery of Southwestern Siberia2008 •
2010 •
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings
Putting Engineering Management on the Executive Track2000 •
Journal of Electrostatics
Ab Initio simulation approach for calculating the effective dielectric constant of composite materials1997 •
2008 •
Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Genetic analysis of low-density polyethylene degrading bacteria from plastic dump sitesJournal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
Extraction and recovery of the strategic element gallium from an iron mine tailing2019 •
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Fluorescence measurements of the binding of cations to high-affinity and low-affinity sites on ATP-G-actin1986 •
2018 •
2017 •
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
A Comparative Study on the Archives of Xanthine Oxidase and Aldehyde Oxidase in Different Fish Species from Two Rivers in the Western Niger-Delta2000 •
2007 •
2021 •
2011 •
2021 •