Biblid: 1821-4487 (2022) 26; 2; p 43 - 51 UDK: 582.542.1:631.422 DOI: 10.5937/jpea26-36849 Original Scientific Paper Originalni naučni rad STUDIES ON STABILITY OF GRAINS NUMBER FROM PANICLE TO A COLLECTION OF OATS AUTUMN (Avena sativa l.) GENOTYPES ISTRAŽIVANJA STABILNOSTI BROJA ZRNA OD METLIČENJA DO UBIRANJA OZIMOG OVSA (Avena sativa l.) GENOTIPA Emilian MADOSA*, Sorin CIULCA*, Giancarla VELICEVICI*, Adriana CIULCA*, Constantin AVADANEI*, Lavinia SASU** *Banat`s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine „King Michael I from Romania”, Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania ** ”Vasile Goldis” Western University, Arad, B-dul Revolutiei 94, Romania e-mail: madosae@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The study aimed at assessing stability the grains number from panicle to autumn oats, under the influence of climatic conditions. The study was conducted over a period of three years. The biological material consisted of 73 genotypes. The experimental data was obtained by performing biometric measurements. The experimental data was processed by various linear regression analysis modelesses: Finlay-Wilkinson, Hardwick-Wood, Muir, Wrike but also the concordance between the ranks of different models of appreciation. The values of grains number in panicle fluctuate according to the climatic conditions of the year, both as an average value and as intrapopulational variability. The Jeferson, Carie, Florina varieties, and the 4458, PA 725-4743, PA 822-818 lines exhibits a high dynamic stability associated with values above the average of the experience for the number of grains in panicle. In the case of this character, 53.10% of the genotype x environment interaction is due to heterogeneity of variances. Key words: oats, stability, grain number per panicle. REZIME Studija je imala za cilj procenu stabilnosti broja zrna od metličenja do ubiranja ozimog ovsa, pod uticajem klimatskih uslova. Studija je sprovedena u periodu od tri godine. Biološki materijal se sastojao od 73 genotipa. Eksperimentalni podaci dobijeni su biometrijskim merenjima. Eksperimentalni podaci su obrađeni različitim modelima linearne regresione analize: Finlai-Vilkinson, Hardvick-Vood, Muir, Vrike, ali i usklađenost između rangova različitih modela uvažavanja. Vrednosti broja zrna u metlici variraju u zavisnosti od klimatskih uslova godine, i kao prosečna vrednost i kao intrapopulacijska varijabilnost. Sorte Jeferson, Carie, Florina i linije 4458, PA 725-4743, PA 822-818 pokazuju visoku dinamičku stabilnost povezanu sa vrednostima iznad proseka iskustva za broj zrna u metlici. U slučaju ovog karaktera, 53,10% interakcije genotipa k sredine je posledica heterogenosti varijansi. Ključne reči: ovas, stabilnost, broj zrna po metlici. INTRODUCTION Interaction of genotype with the environment has very significant effects on the production of grains and of quality characteristics. Under the influence of environmental conditions, the oat genotypes fluctuate in terms of grain production, the weight of 1000 grains, the percentage of chaff, the starch content and β-glucan. The genotypes with high values for production and quality features, which also have good character stability, have the ability to convey these attributes to descendants (Mut Zeki et al. 2018). The performances of productivity to autumn oat genotypes can be evaluated in correlation with precocity, winter resistance, plant height, panicle length, the number of spikes in the panicle, the number and weight of the grains in panic and the weight of 1000 grains. By studying these characters, it is possible to carry out the selection of genotypes in the programs of amelioration, but can also be highlighted the genotypes which can be used as a genitors in hybridization programs (Panayotova Galina et all. 2018). The diversification of production characters is also attempted through the use of biotechnology in breeding programs. The value of regenerated plants from mature embryos is recommended to be evaluated through height of plant, length of panicle, number of spikes in panicle, the number of grains on the panicle, the weight of the grains of panicle, the weight of 1000 grains. In addition to the morphological features of productivity, it is also necessary to evaluate the quality elements: the protein and fat content. The regenerated plants may be higher, with longer panicles and larger numbers of grains in panicle (Dyulgerova Boryana and Savova Todorka, 2017). Of the climate factors that have a major influence on paniculous productivity, the drought is the most important. Due to genetic variability, some genotypes tolerate drought, others not. The evidence of valuable genotypes can be achieved by applying different genetic variability assessment systems and determining the percentage of influence of the stress factor on the manifestation of the morphological character. One of the characters that is recommended to be evaluated is the number of grains in panicle, alongside which can be estimated the weight of the grains in the panicle or the weight of 1000 grains. Among the stability indicators, can be determined, the stress factor sensitivity index and the tolerance index (Atefah Zaheri and Sohbat Bahraminejad, 2012). The study of productivity stability can also be done by comparing some hybrid populations with parental forms. The assessment of generational behavior over several years has been achieved by studying the number of panicles per plant, the number of grains of panicle and the weight of panic. In studying such materials an important role is played by the combinatorial ability of the genitors, the feature on which the character manifestation depends and their response to the action of the environmental factors (Igor Pirez Valério et al., 2009). In the study of character stability in autumn oats, the correlations Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 26 (2022) 2 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 43 Emilian Madosa et al./ Studies on Stability of Grains No. From Panicle to a Collection of Oats Autumn (Avena sativa l.) Genotypes between characters can also be used. Studies in Turkey used linear stability regressions and determinants as stability indices. The studied characters are affected differently by the interaction of the genotype with the environment. The coefficients of the correlation between the characters differ according to the environmental conditions. There are stable, the links between panic productivity and its length, possibly also between the number of grains of panic and productivity (Özgen, 1993). The managing of oat productivity can be improved by better knowledge of critical phenological phases. Some studies have tracked the achievement of grains number in panicle, before the anthesis until after the anthesis. The characters specific to the pre-anthesis phase are in a positive linear relation with the productivity and the grains number of panicle. The post-anthesis characteristics are correlated with the decrease of the grains number and their weight, in response to the action of external factors (Finnan and Spink, 2017). To achieve the number of grains in panicle, fertilization plays a very important role. The application of fertilizers with nitrogen, but also the rotation of crops contributes to the increase in the number of spikes in panic and the number of grains in panicle (Rubia Diana Mantai et al., 2018). The study of a collection of oat varieties with regard to the stability of the number of grains of panicle, shows that this character is more stable compared to other characters that contribute to the production of the plant, but these characters have a greater influence on production. Interaction of genotype with climatic conditions specific to each year is more important for achieving production, the percentage of grain chaff and the protein content (Dumlupinar Ziya et al., 2011). Concerning the behavior of autumn oats compared to spring oats, it is found that grain production is higher in autumn oatmeal because there are more spikes in panicle, the fertility of the spikelets is better, making two grains in the spikelets. The productivity differences between autumn and spring oats are due to the number of beans in panicle, in a proportion of 80% (Crampton et al., 1997). The study aimed at assessing the stability of the number of grains of main panicle in a collection of autumn oat genotypes. MATERIAL AND METHOD The study was conducted over three years (2015-2017) under field conditions, in Timisoara, in the plain of western Romania. The first year of experiments showed satisfactory climate conditions. In the second year, in the spring, rainfall was less. In the third year, the drought was prolonged until early summer. In the three years, the temperatures were close to multi-year averages. The experimental soil was moderately cambicated chernozem. The biological material consisted of 73 genotypes of autumn oat which were compared with the Romanian variety Florina. The experimental data were obtained by determining the number of grains from panicle, being constituted representative samples for each genotype. This method of assessing the stability of genotypes under different environmental conditions is based on the fact that the different components of genotype x environment interaction are linearly related to the effects of environmental conditions expressed by the average of the performances of all genotypes for the studied character. The relative adaptability of a genotype to different environmental conditions is appreciated through three parameters: the average of its performance, the genotype response to different environmental conditions (regression coefficient), stability of performance (deviations from regression). According to the “static” concept, Type I stability exists if the performance of a genotype is constant across environments (regression coefficient bi =0). Therefore, “dynamic” or Type II stability exists if the response to environments is parallel to the mean response of all genotypes from the study. Type III stability exists if the deviation to the regression line is small (Annicchiarico, 2002; Bernardo, 2002). For data processing different models were used: FinlayWilkinson, Hardwick-Wood, Wrike (Ciulca, 2006). The relative adaptability of a genotype to different environmental conditions is appreciated through three parameters: the average of its performance, the genotype response to different environmental conditions (regression coefficient), stability of performance (deviations from regression) (Bernardo, 2002). For analyzing the genotype x environment interaction, two components are separated: one due to heterogeneity of genetic variants and another due to imperfect correlations. The association between the results of the different methods of assessing the stability of the studied characters was achieved using the coefficient of concordance (Muir et al., 1992). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Based on the data presented in Table 1, it is observed that the highest Type I stability recorded the genotypes: 4451, Chamois, Penwin, Emperor, Thonson, which according to the static concept achieve constant values of this character irrespective of the environmental conditions in which they were tested (Becker and Leon, 1988; Annicchiarico., 2002). The lowest Type I stability in terms of the number of grains in the main panicle showed the lines and varieties: 4492, PA 522-23, 4482, Barra, Fergushon, which have made very different values of this character during the experimental years. Table 1. Stability of the grain number/main panicle through (FINLAY-WILKINSON) linear regression for winter oat genotypes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 44 Genotype Florina (control) Norline Arlingthon Blamouth CI 1908 Cimarron Crater Earlygrain Excel Fergushon Average Regression coefficient 47.17 44.71 36.34 33.16 29.45 28.47 34.64 29.93 42.72 44.88 1.476 0.459 0.823 0.587 0.515 0.883 1.148 0.333 1.779 2.169 Type I (rank) 54 17 28 22 19 34 43 14 66 69 Stability Type III (rank) 49 38 22 30 53 65 63 18 43 68 Type II (rank) 34 38,5 18 26 37 5 16 44 59 63 Regression constant o Deviation from regression -14.29 25.61 2.06 8.72 8.01 -8.30 -13.18 16.04 -31.36 -45.43 61.10 37.31 10.31 24.02 69.65 148.96 118.04 4.63 49.60 297.41 Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 26 (2022) 2 Emilian Madosa et al./ Studies on Stability of Grains No. From Panicle to a Collection of Oats Autumn (Avena sativa l.) Genotypes 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 Fulwood Jeferson Le Conte Nortex Suergrain Thonson Walken Compact Pennwin 2288 3378 834-4-1-3 3412 S Dak 40 3868 Cocker 41-51 4444 4451 4458 4472 4475 4476 4477 4478 4480 4482 4483 4484 4488 4492 5029 5032 Marrettos Anderson 8276 PA 522-7 PA 522-23 PA 621-3274 PA 724-2580 PA 725-2154 PA 725-4743 PA 725-4787 PA 725-6113 PA 822-818 ARK 0151-61 AR 104-18 Marys Quest Wodan Gospodarski 48 5183 Tripolis Krusevac Boer Algerian Mirabel Gerald Nuptiale Solva Valiant Barra Carie Krypton Chamois Emperor 44.94 43.29 29.84 37.82 48.07 40.75 37.16 46.35 41.54 47.92 54.75 39.31 36.59 63.93 43.33 39.79 61.64 36.89 45.11 31.26 36.54 49.74 37.78 26.62 38.51 45.85 43.94 28.91 28.83 49.40 41.47 55.12 46.86 45.62 47.71 44.41 52.59 33.82 45.70 45.38 42.12 34.62 48.59 44.17 47.88 39.44 52.56 31.43 41.28 51.64 40.28 45.02 27.78 39.78 39.95 35.94 39.79 48.97 56.75 44.06 31.15 32.48 37.54 0.666 1.006 0.214 1.086 1.165 -0.160 1.021 1.251 0.128 0.623 1.623 0.667 -0.485 1.453 1.313 -0.195 2.063 -0.085 0.824 0.263 1.541 1.219 -0.225 0.854 0.411 2.317 1.653 0.826 0.542 2.831 1.010 1.711 1.619 1.566 1.598 2.428 2.168 0.840 0.723 1.086 0.410 0.250 0.935 1.321 1.221 0.534 1.635 0.232 1.046 1.317 1.607 1.663 1.058 1.265 1.526 0.200 0.633 1.148 2.289 0.881 0.272 0.091 0.130 Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 26 (2022) 2 25 36 8 41 45 5 38 48 3 23 61 26 18 53 50 6 67 1 29 12 56 46 9 32 16 71 63 30 21 73 37 65 60 57 58 72 68 31 27 42 15 11 35 52 47 20 62 10 39 51 59 64 40 49 55 7 24 44 70 33 13 2 4 8 24 45 1 41 26 17 20 37 55 7 27 51 5 50 42 14 32 35 19 66 23 58 71 11 67 57 13 2 56 73 44 9 39 64 15 21 6 4 62 69 33 48 10 29 12 3 28 61 52 16 47 72 60 54 36 25 40 46 31 59 70 34 22 3 49 11 17 69 1 27 62 25 53 21 73 33 29 70 60 66 14 46 38,5 19 71 7,5 40 67 56 12,5 32 72 2 58 52 41 42 68 61 12,5 20 10 43 47 4 31 24 35 54 48 6 30 50 57 9 28 36 51 23 15 64 7,5 45 65 55 17.19 1.39 20.92 -7.41 -0.43 47.41 -5.36 -5.76 36.21 21.97 -12.85 11.55 56.80 3.43 -11.35 47.91 -24.27 40.41 10.79 20.31 -27.63 -1.01 47.16 -8.94 21.38 -50.64 -24.90 -5.51 6.25 -68.50 -0.59 -16.14 -20.58 -19.57 -18.85 -56.71 -37.70 -1.14 15.59 0.16 25.06 24.23 9.64 -10.84 -2.96 17.21 -15.52 21.76 -2.27 -3.19 -26.61 -24.25 -16.26 -12.89 -23.62 27.60 13.44 1.15 -38.59 7.39 19.82 28.69 32.14 2.44 12.33 50.89 0.01 44.88 13.38 4.55 6.86 35.11 77.09 1.95 14.49 64.32 0.94 63.47 46.17 3.90 26.64 29.65 5.57 193.98 11.44 87.89 348.61 2.83 280.29 82.17 3.72 0.04 79.93 673.01 49.94 2.50 40.45 145.17 4.39 7.66 1.42 0.06 116.52 327.16 27.18 53.59 2.73 20.29 3.06 0.04 17.96 99.17 65.86 4.52 53.37 397.35 96.80 73.75 33.70 13.15 41.08 52.20 24.14 93.29 335.38 28.39 45 Emilian Madosa et al./ Studies on Stability of Grains No. From Panicle to a Collection of Oats Autumn (Avena sativa l.) Genotypes The highest Type II stability (coefficients of regression close to 1) presented varieties and lines: Walken, 5029, Jeferson, PA 822-818, Cimarron, where the number of panic in the climatic conditions of the three experimental years is parallel to the average of the other genotypes in the collection The lowest dynamic stability was observed in the genotypes: 3412, 4492, 4477, Cocker 41-51, Thonson. The highest Type III stability was observed in genotypes: Nortex, 4488, Wodan, PA 725-2154, S Dak 40. At genotypes 5029, 4478, Algerian, Chamois, PA 725-4787, which exhibit reduced type III stability, the values of the number of grains in the main panic during the three experimental years show great deviations from the right of the regression. Considering the low and insignificant value of the F test for the regression heterogeneity, it is noted that the regression model is suitable for studying the stability of this character and estimates adequately the performance of varieties and lines over the three years of experimentation. It is also noted that there are significant differences between genotypes and between experimental years for the average values of the number of grains from the main panic by genotypes in the collection (table 2) Table 2.Linear regression analysis of variance (HARDWICK – WOOD) for grain number/main panicle in the winter oat genotypes studied during 2001-2004 Source of variability Total Genotypes Years Genotype x years Regression heterogeneity Error SS 50714 13947 23963 16803 7481 5322 DF 218 72 2 144 72 72 MS F 193,72 F=2.65** 11981 F=164.13** 116,69 F=1.59* 103,90 73,92 *; ** Significant at P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01, respectively The lowest significant values of ecovalence, respectively a high stability of the number of grains in the main panicle presents the genotypes: Nortex, Walken, PA 724-2580, Jeferson, 4484. High values of ecological valence, indicating a marked instability of the character in different climatic conditions, were observed in the varieties: 4492, 4482, 3412, Fergushon, PA 52223. Generally, at the studied collection it is observed that the high values of ecovalence, or the reduced stability of this character, are associated with higher values of the number of beans in the principal panicle (table 3). Table 3. Stability of grain number/main panicle through (WRIKE) ecovalence for winter oat genotypes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 46 Genotype Florina (control) Norline Arlingthon Blamouth CI 1908 Cimarron Crater Earlygrain Excel Fergushon Fulwood Jeferson Le Conte Nortex Suergrain Thonson Walken Compact Pennwin 2288 3378 834-4-1-3 3412 S Dak 40 3868 Cocker 41-51 4444 4451 4458 4472 4475 4476 4477 4478 4480 Average Ecovalence 47.17 44.71 36.34 33.16 29.45 28.47 34.64 29.93 42.72 44.88 44.94 43.29 29.84 37.82 48.07 40.75 37.16 46.35 41.54 47.92 54.75 39.31 36.59 63.93 43.33 39.79 61.64 36.89 45.11 31.26 36.54 49.74 37.78 26.62 38.51 135.43 133.46 20.56 80.04 146.87 153.46 125.28 150.48 248.92 745.91 38.96 12.31 253.60 2.46 53.78 151.95 4.70 27.61 284.72 123.71 129.54 50.95 788.52 68.30 95.65 514.99 374.96 412.81 39.82 183.85 290.05 27.14 580.71 355.60 116.57 Ecovalence variance 388.05 53.21 116.43 68.55 78.36 202.44 275.50 20.56 544.39 920.81 74.13 172.29 32.98 193.71 245.05 10.88 173.36 260.45 20.25 102.29 433.55 80.21 70.82 346.98 314.72 29.33 700.62 14.50 126.28 14.15 486.74 249.50 52.27 294.04 29.19 F test Stability rank 11.70** 1.85 21.57** 4.71** 1.25 1.72 3.67* 7.88** 20.95** 5.19** 59.58** 26.91** 0.30 25335** 9.92** 0.63 75.11** 74.87** 0.15 1.65 441.45** 10.07** 1.20 735.01** 8.92** 0.27 358.05** 0.09 7.52** 4.07* 4.02* 42.62** 0.19 0.69 19.60** 37 36 6 23 39 42 31 40 51 70 13 4 52 1 17 41 2 9 56 30 34 16 71 20 24 64 59 61 14 44 57 8 65 58 27 Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 26 (2022) 2 Emilian Madosa et al./ Studies on Stability of Grains No. From Panicle to a Collection of Oats Autumn (Avena sativa l.) Genotypes 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 4482 4483 4484 4488 4492 5029 5032 Marrettos Anderson 8276 PA 522-7 PA 522-23 PA 621-3274 PA 724-2580 PA 725-2154 PA 725-4743 PA 725-4787 PA 725-6113 PA 822-818 ARK 0151-61 AR 104-18 Marys Quest Wodan Gospodarski 48 5183 Tripolis Krusevac Boer Algerian Mirabel Gerald Nuptiale Solva Valiant Barra Carie Krypton Chamois Emperor 45.85 43.94 28.91 28.83 49.40 41.47 55.12 46.86 45.62 47.71 44.41 52.59 33.82 45.70 45.38 42.12 34.62 48.59 44.17 47.88 39.44 52.56 31.43 41.28 51.64 40.28 45.02 27.78 39.78 39.95 35.94 39.79 48.97 56.75 44.06 31.15 32.48 37,54 849.93 222.18 13.62 68.80 1190.98 673.04 216.09 128.48 145.49 262.70 674.08 455.67 9.87 25.24 118.96 441.54 212.00 54.97 36.58 36.31 74.38 132.39 211.47 99.87 98.80 125.28 197.86 398.45 119.87 164.74 243.71 57.45 48.30 597.96 28.82 267.20 606.56 277,10 1021.52 489.60 113.96 48.30 1355.81 503.95 505.71 431.72 422.56 491.90 970.03 775.45 116.40 85.84 251.84 191.14 23.82 170.38 287.82 254.80 48.31 438.76 17.83 229.12 317.51 425.88 480.85 382.33 311.07 419.33 23.43 72.27 236.94 886.37 139.36 58.80 169.06 16,95 6.29** 10.92** 60.13** 2019** 32.92** 0.50 19.25** 343.34** 19.89** 5.78** 440.17** 201.27** 163.12** 2534** 3.32* 0.17 0.75 5.36** 209.65** 24.11** 30.55** 21514** 0.99 3.62* 8.64** 187.31** 17.02** 0.92 5.43** 10.37** 0.39 9.99** 10.53** 32.96** 10.54** 0.26 0.01 0,19 72 49 5 21 73 68 48 33 38 53 69 63 3 7 28 62 47 18 12 11 22 35 46 26 25 32 45 60 29 43 50 19 15 66 10 54 67 55 *; ** Significant at P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01, respectively The analysis of genotype x environment interaction (Table 4), attests that the highest stability of the number of grains in the main panic, respectively a low x genotype interaction, is presented by genotypes: Nortex, Walken, Jeferson, PA 724- 2580, 4484, PA 725-2154. A high genotype x environment interaction associated with a high instability for this character, was observed in the genotypes: 4492, 4482, 3412, Fergushon. Table 4. Stability of the grain number/ main panicle through (MUIR) heterogeneous variances (HV) and imperfect correlations (IC) for winter oat genotypes studied during 2001-2004 No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Genotype Florina (mt.) Norline Arlingthon Blamouth CI 1908 Cimarron Crater Earlygrain Excel Fergushon Average 47.17 44.71 36.34 33.16 29.45 28.47 34.64 29.93 42.72 44.88 (HV) 85.42 116.98 76.94 103.22 96.11 61.40 64.46 165.85 134.45 303.73 SS (%) 0.96 1.31 0.86 1.16 1.08 0.69 0.72 1.86 1.51 3.40 Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 26 (2022) 2 (IC) 97.39 64.84 48.43 51.89 92.41 130.42 113.27 24.49 105.11 184.33 SS (%) 1.24 0.82 0.61 0.66 1.17 1.65 1.44 0.31 1.33 2.34 (GE) 182.81 181.82 125.37 155.11 188.53 191.82 177.73 190.33 239.55 488.06 SS (%) 1.09 1.08 0.75 0.92 1.12 1.14 1.06 1.13 1.43 2.90 47 Emilian Madosa et al./ Studies on Stability of Grains No. From Panicle to a Collection of Oats Autumn (Avena sativa l.) Genotypes 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 48 Fulwood Jeferson Le Conte Nortex Suergrain Thonson Walken Compact Pennwin 2288 3378 834-4-1-3 3412 S Dak 40 3868 Cocker 41-51 4444 4451 4458 4472 4475 4476 4477 4478 4480 4482 4483 4484 4488 4492 5029 5032 Marrettos Anderson 8276 PA 522-7 PA 522-23 PA 621-3274 PA 724-2580 PA 725-2154 PA 725-4743 PA 725-4787 PA 725-6113 PA 822-818 ARK 0151-61 AR 104-18 Marys Quest Wodan Gospodarski 48 5183 Tripolis Krusevac Boer Algerian Mirabel Gerald Nuptiale Solva Valiant Barra Carie 44.94 43.29 29.84 37.82 48.07 40.75 37.16 46.35 41.54 47.92 54.75 39.31 36.59 63.93 43.33 39.79 61.64 36.89 45.11 31.26 36.54 49.74 37.78 26.62 38.51 45.85 43.94 28.91 28.83 49.40 41.47 55.12 46.86 45.62 47.71 44.41 52.59 33.82 45.70 45.38 42.12 34.62 48.59 44.17 47.88 39.44 52.56 31.43 41.28 51.64 40.28 45.02 27.78 39.78 39.95 35.94 39.79 48.97 56.75 44.06 99.04 63.81 142.58 61.84 61.90 192.67 63.88 62.99 166.56 82.78 97.76 94.90 101.48 76.00 69.94 148.59 198.02 181.26 73.58 182.28 114.31 62.17 117.94 66.77 148.82 356.70 115.26 77.87 122.24 547.44 120.10 120.70 97.22 94.61 116.02 329.31 232.15 76.95 91.40 62.32 62.00 158.88 64.06 65.94 62.54 122.23 99.22 172.32 61.25 70.42 95.45 112.37 84.01 69.34 93.70 159.69 100.39 61.50 286.21 69.89 1.11 0.72 1.60 0.69 0.69 2.16 0.71 0.71 1.87 0.93 1.10 1.06 1.14 0.85 0.78 1.67 2.22 2.03 0.82 2.04 1.28 0.70 1.32 0.75 1.67 4.00 1.29 0.87 1.37 6.14 1.35 1.35 1.09 1.06 1.30 3.69 2.60 0.86 1.02 0.70 0.69 1.78 0.72 0.74 0.70 1.37 1.11 1.93 0,.69 0.79 1.07 1.26 0.94 0.78 1.05 1.79 1.13 0.69 3.21 0.78 35.53 57.45 99.31 54.49 80.08 149.90 53.76 65.91 90.89 94.17 82.11 45.67 407.87 73.24 92.97 224.00 104.56 140.24 61.42 24.74 145.81 66.50 287.51 226.12 24.55 183.36 110.92 44.03 27.25 158.14 331.51 102.43 82.11 93.23 130.42 122.82 110.77 43.08 36.31 112.25 273.86 62.22 78.52 67.44 70.71 30.05 82.01 48.50 103.78 94.02 82.19 101.65 230.31 105.68 103.76 77.26 43.43 77.74 127.86 59.61 0.45 0.73 1.26 0.69 1.02 1.90 0.68 0.84 1.15 1.19 1.04 0.58 5.18 0.93 1.18 2.84 1.33 1.78 0.78 0.31 1.85 0.84 3.65 2.87 0.31 2.33 1.41 0.56 0.35 2.01 4.21 1.30 1.04 1.18 1.65 1.56 1.41 0.55 0.46 1.42 3.47 0.79 1.00 0.86 0.90 0.38 1.04 0.62 1.32 1.19 1.04 1.29 2.92 1.34 1.32 0.98 0.55 0.99 1.62 0.76 134.57 121.26 241.89 116.32 141.98 342.57 117.44 128.90 257.45 176.95 179.86 140.57 509.35 149.24 162.92 372.59 302.57 321.50 135.00 207.01 260.12 128.66 405.45 282.89 173.38 540.95 226.18 121.90 149.49 705.58 451.61 223.14 179.33 187.84 246.44 452.13 342.93 120.03 127.71 174.57 335.86 221.09 142.58 133.38 133.25 152.28 181.29 220.82 165.03 164.49 177.73 214.02 314.32 175.03 197.46 236.95 143.82 139.24 414.07 129.50 0.80 0.72 1.44 0.69 0.84 2.04 0.70 0.77 1.53 1.05 1.07 0.84 3.03 0.89 0.97 2.22 1.80 1.91 0.80 1.23 1.55 0.77 2.41 1.74 1.03 3.21 1.35 0.73 0.89 4.20 2.69 1.33 1.07 1.12 1.47 2.69 2.04 0.71 0.76 1.04 2.00 1.32 0.85 0.79 0.79 0.91 1.08 1.31 0.98 0.98 1.06 1.27 1.87 1.04 1.18 1.41 0.86 0.83 2.46 0.77 Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 26 (2022) 2 Emilian Madosa et al./ Studies on Stability of Grains No. From Panicle to a Collection of Oats Autumn (Avena sativa l.) Genotypes 71 Krypton 72 Chamois 73 Emperor TOTAL 31.15 32.48 37.54 111.53 64.23 174.56 8922.37 1.25 0.72 1.96 53.10 137.17 354.14 79.08 7881.05 1.74 4.49 1.00 46.90 248.69 418.37 253.64 16803.42 1.48 2.49 1.51 100.00 HV-Heterogenity variance; IC-Imperfect correlations; GE-Genotype x environment interaction; SS – Sum square In this case, 53.10% of the genotype x environment interaction is due to heterogeneity of variants. In assessing the stability of the number of grains in main panicle, can be effectively used the imperfect correlations and heterogeneity of variants. Taking into account the variance heterogeneity, the most stable values of the number of grains in the panicle were recorded by the varieties: Cimarron, Nortex, Suergrain, Valiant and the lines: PA 725-4787, 5183. There is a very close concordance between the results of the four models for assessing the stability of the number of grains from the main panicle to the studied genotypes. According to these models, the greatest stability of this character is represented by the genotypes: Nortex, Walken, PA 725-2154, Jeferson, Fulwood. A strong instability was observed in varieties and lines: 4482, 4492, Fergushon, Barra, PA 522-23 (table 5). Table 5. The concordance of ranks for different stability estimation models for grain number/mainpanicle in winter oat genotypes No. Genotype 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Florina (mt.) Norline Arlingthon Blamouth CI 1908 Cimarron Crater Earlygrain Excel Fergushon Fulwood Jeferson Le Conte Nortex Suergrain Thonson Walken Compact Pennwin 2288 3378 834-4-1-3 3412 S Dak 40 3868 Cocker 41-51 4444 4451 4458 4472 4475 4476 4477 4478 4480 4482 4483 4484 4488 4492 5029 5032 Marrettos Anderson 8276 PA 522-7 Average 47.17 44.71 36.34 33.16 29.45 28.47 34.64 29.93 42.72 44.88 44.94 43.29 29.84 37.82 48.07 40.75 37.16 46.35 41,.54 47.92 54.75 39.31 36.59 63.93 43.33 39.79 61.64 36.89 45.11 31.26 36.54 49.74 37.78 26.62 38.51 45.85 43.94 28.91 28.83 49.40 41.47 55.12 46.86 45.62 47.71 Type I 54 17 28 22 19 34 43 14 66 69 25 36 8 41 45 5 38 48 3 23 61 26 18 53 50 6 67 1 29 12 56 46 9 32 16 71 63 30 21 73 37 65 60 57 58 Ranks stability Type II Type III 34 49 38.5 38 18 22 26 30 37 53 5 65 16 63 44 18 59 43 63 68 22 8 3 24 49 45 11 1 17 41 69 26 1 17 27 20 62 37 25 55 53 7 21 27 73 51 33 5 29 50 70 42 60 14 66 32 14 35 46 19 38,5 66 19 23 71 58 7,5 71 40 11 67 67 56 57 12,5 13 32 2 72 56 2 73 58 44 52 9 41 39 42 64 Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 26 (2022) 2 Ecovalence 37 36 6 23 39 42 31 40 51 70 13 4 52 1 17 41 2 9 56 30 34 16 71 20 24 64 59 61 14 44 57 8 65 58 27 72 49 5 21 73 68 48 33 38 53 Amounts ranks 174 129,5 74 101 148 146 153 116 219 270 68 67 154 54 120 141 58 104 158 133 155 90 213 111 153 182 200 160 92 121 217,5 96 203 168,5 94 277 225 60,5 76 274 180 215 154 175 217 SSR 676 342.25 5476 2209 0 4 25 1024 5041 14884 6400 6561 36 8836 784 49 8100 1936 100 225 49 3364 4225 1369 25 1156 2704 144 3136 729 4830.25 2704 3025 420,25 2916 16641 5929 7656.25 5184 15876 1024 4489 36 729 4761 49 Emilian Madosa et al./ Studies on Stability of Grains No. From Panicle to a Collection of Oats Autumn (Avena sativa l.) Genotypes 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 PA 522-23 PA 621-3274 PA 724-2580 PA 725-2154 PA 725-4743 PA 725-4787 PA 725-6113 PA 822-818 ARK 0151-61 AR 104-18 Marys Quest Wodan Gospodarski 48 5183 Tripolis Krusevac Boer Algerian Mirabel Gerald Nuptiale Solva Valiant Barra Carie Krypton Chamois Emperor Sum 44.41 52.59 33.82 45.70 45.38 42.12 34.62 48.59 44.17 47.88 39.44 52.56 31.43 41.28 51.64 40.28 45.02 27.78 39.78 39.95 35.94 39.79 48.97 56.75 44.06 31.15 32.48 37.54 72 68 31 27 42 15 11 35 52 47 20 62 10 39 51 59 64 40 49 55 7 24 44 70 33 13 2 4 2701 SSR – Regression sum square, χ2 =124,12***; 68 61 12,5 20 10 43 47 4 31 24 35 54 48 6 30 50 57 9 28 36 51 23 15 64 7,5 45 65 55 2701 15 21 6 4 62 69 33 48 10 29 12 3 28 61 52 16 47 72 60 54 36 25 40 46 31 59 70 34 2701 224 213 52,5 58 142 189 138 105 105 111 89 154 132 132 158 157 213 181 166 188 144 91 114 246 81,5 171 204 148 10804 5776 4225 9120.25 8100 36 1681 100 1849 1849 1369 3481 36 256 256 100 81 4225 1089 324 1600 16 3249 1156 9604 4422.25 529 3136 0 223496 χ20,1% =112,32., *** Significant at P ≤ 0.001 Within the studied collection, the number of genotypes with good stability for the number of grains in the panic is small. Other studies on character stability in oats, were conducted in six different locations to assess the stability of certain oats varieties from India. And in these studies, of the 11 genotypes evaluated, only three had good panicle stability, also tested by the number of grains in panicle. (Uzma et al., 2017) The oat character stability study can be performed by evaluating the characters in time or in more locations. Such combined studies are more selective, highlighting the genotypes with the highest degree of adaptation to different stress conditions. The plant productivity stability analysis aims to verify the response to environmental genotype interactions. Through such complex studies, it has been found out that of ten genotypes of oats, only two have good stability. Through such studies, the selection is rigorous (Mushtaq et all., 2013). Applying the three methods is necessary because there is no method to accurately assess character stability in interaction with environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS The number of grains of panic is a major component of plant productivity. The values of this character are different from year to year. The varieties Jeferson, Carie, Florina, and lines 4458, PA 725-4743, PA 822-818 show high dynamic stability associated with high values of the number of grains of panicle, superior to the average of experience. For the breeding process, they are considered valuable, the genotypes with a number of grains in panicle, associated with low variability for all environmental conditions, as found in the Thonson, Penwin, Cocker 41-51 varieties. According to all processing models, it appears that the greatest stability of this character is represented by the genotypes: Nortex, Walken, PA 725-2154, Jeferson, 50 69 63 3 7 28 62 47 18 12 11 22 35 46 26 25 32 45 60 29 43 50 19 15 66 10 54 67 55 2701 Fulwood. In the studied collection, there are few genotypes with high values and good stability for the number of grains in panicle REFERENCES Annicchiarico, P. (2002). Defining adaptation strategies and yield stability targets inbreeding programmes. In M.S. Kang, ed. Quantitative genetics, genomics, and plant breeding, Wallingford, UK,CABI;,365-383. Atefah, Z., Sohbat, B. (2012). Assessment of drought tolerance in oat (Avena sativa) genotypes, Annals of Biological Research, 3 (5), 2194-220. Becker, H.C., Leon, J. (1988). Stability analysis in plant breeding. Plant breed.,101, 1-23. Bernardo, R. (2002) Breeding for quantitative traits in Plants, Stemma Press, Woodbury, Minnesota. Ciulca, S. (2006). 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Lone Stability analysis for physiological traits, grain yield and its attributing parameters in oats (Avena sativa L.) in the Kashmir valley, Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 8(1), 59-62. Received: 08.03.2022. Accepted: 13.05.2022. 51