Biblid: 1821-4487 (2019) 23; 2; p 88-95
UDK: 581.48
Original Scientific Paper
Originalni naučni rad
STABILITY OF GRAIN NUMBER PER PANICLE IN A COLLECTION OF
AUTUMN OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.) GENOTYPES
STABILNOST BROJA ZRNA PO KLASU U KOLEKCIJI OZIMIH
GENOTIPOVA OVSA (AVENA SATIVA L.)
Emilian MADOSA*, Sorin CIULCA*, Giancarla VELICEVICI*, Adriana CIULCA*, Constantin AVADANEI*, Lavinia SASU**
*
Banat`s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine „King Michael I from Romania”,
Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
**
”Vasile Goldis” Western University, Arad, B-dul Revolutiei 94, Romania
e-mail: madosae@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to examine the stability of grain number per panicle in a collection of autumn oat genotypes under different
climatic conditions. The biological material analysed consisted of 73 oat genotypes studied over a period of three years. The experimental data
were obtained by biometric measurements and subsequently processed using the following linear regression models: Finlay-Wilkinson,
Hardwick-Wood, Muir and Wrike. The grain number per panicle obtained varied according to the annual climatic conditions both as means
and the intrapopulational variability. The Jefferson, Carrie and Florina cultivars, as well as the 4458, PA 725-4743 and PA 822-818 lines,
exhibited a high dynamic stability associated with the above-average values of the grain number per panicle. Relative to this character, a total
53.10 % of the genotype x environment interaction is due to the heterogeneity of variances.
Key words: oats, stability, grain number per panicle.
REZIME
Svrha ove studije je da se ispita stabilnost broja zrna po klasu u kolekciji ozimih genotipova ovsa u različitim klimatskim
uslovima. Analizirani biološki materijal sastojao se od 73 genotipa ovsa, ispitivanih tokom perioda od tri godine . Eksperimentalni
podaci su dobijeni biometrijskim merenjima i naknadno obrađeni korišćenjem sle dećih modela linearne regresije : Finlai-Vilkinson,
Hardvick-Vood, Muir i Vrike. Broj zrna po dobijenim klasu varirao je u zavisnosti od godišnjih klimatskih uslova i po srednjoj
vrednosti i kao intrapopulacijska varijabilnost. Sorte Jefferson, Carrie i Florina, kao i linije 4458, PA 725-4743 i PA 822-818,
pokazale su visoku dinamičku stabilnost povezanu sa iznad-prosečnim vrednostima broja zrna po klasu. U odnosu na ovaj pokazatelj,
ukupno 53,10% interakcije između genotipa x i okoline je rezultat heterogenosti varijanse.
Ključne reči: ovas, stabilnost, broj zrna po klasu.
INTRODUCTION
The interaction between the oat genotype and the environment
exerts significant effects on the grain production and quality. Under
different environmental conditions, oat genotypes vary relative to the
production of grains, the mass of 1000 grains, the percentage of chaff,
the starch content and the β-glucan content. Oat genotypes with high
quality and production values, as well as a high stability of
characters, have the ability to pass these attributes to their progeny
(Mut Zeki et al. 2018). The production performance of autumn oat
genotypes can be evaluated according to precocity, winter
resistance, plant height, panicle length, spike number per
panicle, grain number and weight per panicle and the mass of
1000 grains. These plant characters are of vital importance to the
selection of genotypes in both breeding and hybridization
programs (Panayotova Galina et al., 2018). The diversification
of production characters has also been attempted through the use
of biotechnology in breeding programs. The value of regenerated
plants obtained from mature embryos is assessed relative to the
height of plants, the length of panicles, the number of spikes per
panicle, the number of grains per panicle, the weight of grains
per panicle and the weight of 1000 grains. In addition to the
morphological features of productivity, it is also necessary to
evaluate the quality properties such as the protein and fat
contents. Regenerated plants may be higher, featuring longer
panicles and larger grain number per panicle (Dyulgerova
Boryana and Savova Todorka, 2017). Of the climate factors
exerting a major influence on the panicle productivity, drought is
88
the most important. Due to genetic variability, some oat
genotypes tolerate drought better than others. The data on
valuable oat genotypes can be collated by different genetic
variability assessments and measurements of the stress factor
effect on the specific morphological character of the plant. One
of the characters recommended for evaluation is the grain
number per panicle, alongside the grain mass per panicle, i.e. the
mass of 1000 grains. The stress factor sensitivity index and the
tolerance index (Atefah Zaheri and Sohbat Bahraminejad, 2012)
are the stability indicators which should be determined. The
stability of panicle productivity can also be examined by
comparing some hybrid populations with parental forms.
Assessments of generational behaviour over a period of several
years have been performed by studying the number of panicles
per plant, the number of grains per panicle and the weight of
grains per panicle. The combinatorial ability of progenitors has
been found to be of paramount importance to the manifestation
of certain characters and their response to environmental factors
(Igor Pirez Valério et al., 2009). Relative to the character
stability in autumn oats, correlations between specific characters
can facilitate their determination and better comprehension. A
number of studies conducted in Turkey used linear stability
regressions and determinants as stability indices for oat character
description. The characters examined were affected differently
by the interaction between oat genotypes and the environment.
The coefficients of correlation obtained for the characters
studied differed according to environmental conditions.
Furthermore, a correlation was found between the productivity
Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 23 (2019) 2
Madosa, Emilian et al./ Stability of Grain Number Per Panicle in a Collection of Autumn Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Genotypes
and length of panicles, as well as between the panicle
productivity and the grain number per panicle (Özgen, 1993).
The oat panicle productivity can be improved by an in-depth
knowledge of critical phenological phases. Some authors have
recorded the grain number per panicle before and after anthesis.
The characters specific to the pre-anthesis phase were in a
positive linear correlation with the panicle productivity and the
grain number per panicle. The post-anthesis characters were
correlated with a decrease in the grain number per panicle and
their weight relative to external factors (Finnan and Spink,
2017).
Fertilization plays a very important role in achieving a larger
grain number per panicle. The application of nitrogenous
fertilizers and crop rotation contribute to an increase in the spike
and grain numbers per panicle (Rubia Diana Mantai et al.,
2018).
Studies on the stability of the grain number per panicle in
different oat varieties show that this character is more stable than
other characters, which, in contrast, exert a greater influence on
the panicle productivity. The interaction between oat genotypes
and annual climatic conditions is of crucial importance to the
panicle productivity, the percentage of grain chaff and the
protein content (Dumlupinar Ziya et al., 2011).
Upon comparing autumn and spring oats, it was found that
grain production is higher in autumn oats on account of a larger
spike number per panicle. Moreover, the fertility of spikelets is
better, featuring two grains per spikelet. The productivity
differences between autumn and spring oats are due to different
grain numbers per panicle (Crampton et al., 1997).
The present study is aimed at assessing the stability of the grain
number per panicle in a collection of autumn oat genotypes.
used in the experiment and the biological material analysed
consisted of 73 genotypes of autumn oat, which were compared with
the Romanian cultivar Florina. The experimental data were obtained
by determining the grain number per panicle of each oat genotype
under consideration. This method of assessing the stability of
genotypes under different environmental conditions is based on
the fact that different components of the genotype x environment
interaction are linearly related and reflected in the characters of
all the genotypes examined.
The relative adaptability of a genotype to different
environmental conditions is based on three parameters: the average
genotype performance, the genotype response to different
environmental conditions (the regression coefficient) and the
stability of genotype performance (regression deviations).
According to the “static” concept, the Type I stability occurs
provided the genotype performance is constant across the
environment conditions considered (the regression coefficient bi
= 0). Therefore, the “dynamic” Type II stability occurs provided
the genotype response to the environment is parallel to the mean
response of all the genotypes under consideration. The type III
stability occurs provided the deviation from the regression line is
small (Annicchiarico, 2002; Bernardo, 2002).
The following models were used for data processing in the
present study: Finlay-Wilkinson, Hardwick-Wood, Muir and
Wrike (Ciulca, 2006). For analyzing the genotype x environment
interaction, a total of two components were taken into account:
the heterogeneity of genetic variants and the imperfection of
correlations. The relationship between the results of different
methods for assessing the stability of the studied characters was
established using the coefficient of concordance (Muir et al.,
1992).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
MATHERIAL AND METHOD
The present study was conducted under field conditions in
Timisoara, Western Romania, over a period of three years (20152017). The first year of the experiment was characterised by
favourable climate conditions. Rainfall was low in the spring of
the second experimental year, whereas drought was prolonged in
the third experimental year until early summer. Over the
experimental period of three years, the temperatures recorded
were close to the multi-year averages. A chernozemic soil was
On the basis of the data presented in Table 1, it can be
observed that the highest Type I stability was recorded in the
following oat genotypes: 4451, Chamois, Penwin, Emperor and
Thonson (Becker and Leon, 1988; Annicchiarico., 2002). The
lowest Type I stability relative to the grain number per main
panicle was recorded in the following oat lines and cultivars:
4492, PA 522-23, 4482, Barra and Fergushon.
Table 1. Stability of the grain number/main panicle through (FINLAY-WILKINSON) the linear regression for the winter oat genotypes
under consideration
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Genotype
Florina (control)
Norline
Arlingthon
Blamouth
CI 1908
Cimarron
Crater
Earlygrain
Excel
Fergushon
Fulwood
Jefferson
Le Conte
Nortex
Suergrain
Average
47.17
44.71
36.34
33.16
29.45
28.47
34.64
29.93
42.72
44.88
44.94
43.29
29.84
37.82
48.07
Regression
coefficient
1.476
0.459
0.823
0.587
0.515
0.883
1.148
0.333
1.779
2.169
0.666
1.006
0.214
1.086
1.165
Type I (rank)
Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 23 (2019) 2
54
17
28
22
19
34
43
14
66
69
25
36
8
41
45
Stability
Type III
(rank)
49
38
22
30
53
65
63
18
43
68
8
24
45
1
41
Type II
(rank)
34
38,5
18
26
37
5
16
44
59
63
22
3
49
11
17
Regression
constant o
-14.29
25.61
2.06
8.72
8.01
-8.30
-13.18
16.04
-31.36
-45.43
17.19
1.39
20.92
-7.41
-0.43
Deviation
from
regression
61.10
37.31
10.31
24.02
69.65
148.96
118.04
4.63
49.60
297.41
2.44
12.33
50.89
0.01
44.88
89
Madosa, Emilian et al./ Stability of Grain Number Per Panicle in a Collection of Autumn Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Genotypes
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
90
Thonson
Walken
Compact
Pennwin
2288
3378
834-4-1-3
3412
S Dak 40
3868
Cocker 41-51
4444
4451
4458
4472
4475
4476
4477
4478
4480
4482
4483
4484
4488
4492
5029
5032
Marrettos Anderson
8276
PA 522-7
PA 522-23
PA 621-3274
PA 724-2580
PA 725-2154
PA 725-4743
PA 725-4787
PA 725-6113
PA 822-818
ARK 0151-61
AR 104-18
Marys Quest
Wodan
Gospodarski 48
5183
Tripolis
Krusevac
Boer
Algerian
Mirabel
Gerald
Nuptiale
Solva
Valiant
Barra
Carrie
Krypton
Chamois
Emperor
40.75
37.16
46.35
41.54
47.92
54.75
39.31
36.59
63.93
43.33
39.79
61.64
36.89
45.11
31.26
36.54
49.74
37.78
26.62
38.51
45.85
43.94
28.91
28.83
49.40
41.47
55.12
46.86
45.62
47.71
44.41
52.59
33.82
45.70
45.38
42.12
34.62
48.59
44.17
47.88
39.44
52.56
31.43
41.28
51.64
40.28
45.02
27.78
39.78
39.95
35.94
39.79
48.97
56.75
44.06
31.15
32.48
37.54
-0.160
1.021
1.251
0.128
0.623
1.623
0.667
-0.485
1.453
1.313
-0.195
2.063
-0.085
0.824
0.263
1.541
1.219
-0.225
0.854
0.411
2.317
1.653
0.826
0.542
2.831
1.010
1.711
1.619
1.566
1.598
2.428
2.168
0.840
0.723
1.086
0.410
0.250
0.935
1.321
1.221
0.534
1.635
0.232
1.046
1.317
1.607
1.663
1.058
1.265
1.526
0.200
0.633
1.148
2.289
0.881
0.272
0.091
0.130
5
38
48
3
23
61
26
18
53
50
6
67
1
29
12
56
46
9
32
16
71
63
30
21
73
37
65
60
57
58
72
68
31
27
42
15
11
35
52
47
20
62
10
39
51
59
64
40
49
55
7
24
44
70
33
13
2
4
26
17
20
37
55
7
27
51
5
50
42
14
32
35
19
66
23
58
71
11
67
57
13
2
56
73
44
9
39
64
15
21
6
4
62
69
33
48
10
29
12
3
28
61
52
16
47
72
60
54
36
25
40
46
31
59
70
34
69
1
27
62
25
53
21
73
33
29
70
60
66
14
46
38,5
19
71
7,5
40
67
56
12,5
32
72
2
58
52
41
42
68
61
12,5
20
10
43
47
4
31
24
35
54
48
6
30
50
57
9
28
36
51
23
15
64
7,5
45
65
55
47.41
-5.36
-5.76
36.21
21.97
-12.85
11.55
56.80
3.43
-11.35
47.91
-24.27
40.41
10.79
20.31
-27.63
-1.01
47.16
-8.94
21.38
-50.64
-24.90
-5.51
6.25
-68.50
-0.59
-16.14
-20.58
-19.57
-18.85
-56.71
-37.70
-1.14
15.59
0.16
25.06
24.23
9.64
-10.84
-2.96
17.21
-15.52
21.76
-2.27
-3.19
-26.61
-24.25
-16.26
-12.89
-23.62
27.60
13.44
1.15
-38.59
7.39
19.82
28.69
32.14
13.38
4.55
6.86
35.11
77.09
1.95
14.49
64.32
0.94
63.47
46.17
3.90
26.64
29.65
5.57
193.98
11.44
87.89
348.61
2.83
280.29
82.17
3.72
0.04
79.93
673.01
49.94
2.50
40.45
145.17
4.39
7.66
1.42
0.06
116.52
327.16
27.18
53.59
2.73
20.29
3.06
0.04
17.96
99.17
65.86
4.52
53.37
397.35
96.80
73.75
33.70
13.15
41.08
52.20
24.14
93.29
335.38
28.39
Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 23 (2019) 2
Madosa, Emilian et al./ Stability of Grain Number Per Panicle in a Collection of Autumn Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Genotypes
The highest Type II stability (the coefficients of regression
close to 1) was recorded in the following oat cultivars and lines:
Walken, 5029, Jefferson, PA 822-818 and Cimarron. The lowest
dynamic stability was observed in the following genotypes:
3412, 4492, 4477, Cocker 41-51 and Thonson. The highest Type
III stability was observed in the following genotypes: Nortex,
4488, Wodan, PA 725-2154 and S Dak 40. The genotypes 5029,
4478, Algerian, Chamois and PA 725-4787, with a reduced type
III stability, exhibited significant differences in the grain number
per main panicle during the three-year experimental period.
Considering the low and insignificant values of the F test for
the regression heterogeneity, it can be concluded that the
regression model is suitable for studying the stability of this
character and estimates adequately the performance of cultivars
and lines over the three-year experimental period. It can also be
argued that there are significant differences between the
genotypes examined and experimental years relative to the
average values of the grain number per main panicle across the
oat genotypes under consideration (Table 2).
Table 2. Linear regression analysis of variance
(HARDWICK – WOOD) for the grain number/main panicle of
the winter oat genotypes under consideration during 2001-2004
Source of variability
Total
Genotypes
Years
Genotype x years
Regression
heterogeneity
Error
SS
50714
13947
23963
16803
DF
218
72
2
144
MS
F
193,72
11981
116,69
F = 2.65**
F = 164.13**
F = 1.59*
7481
72
103,90
5322
72
73,92
*; ** Significant at P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01, respectively
The lowest significant values of ecovalence and a high stability
of the grain number per main panicle were recorded in the following
genotypes: Nortex, Walken, PA 724-2580, Jefferson and 4484. High
values of the ecological valence, indicating a marked instability of
the character under different climatic conditions, were observed in
the following cultivars: 4492, 4482, 3412, Fergushon and PA 52223. On balance, the high values of ecovalence obtained, or the
reduced stability of this character, are associated with higher values
of the grain number per main panicle. (Table 3)
Table 3. Stability of grain number/main panicle through
(WRIKE) the ecovalence values of the winter oat genotypes under
consideration
Ecov.
Stab.
F test
No Genotype Average Ecov.
vari.
rank
Florina
1
47.17 135.43 388.05 11.70** 37
(control)
2
Norline
44.71 133.46 53.21
1.85
36
3 Arlingthon
36.34 20.56 116.43 21.57**
6
4
Blamouth
33.16 80.04
68.55
4.71**
23
5
CI 1908
29.45 146.87 78.36
1.25
39
6
Cimarron
28.47 153.46 202.44
1.72
42
7
Crater
34.64 125.28 275.50
3.67*
31
8 Earlygrain
29.93 150.48 20.56
7.88**
40
9
Excel
42.72 248.92 544.39 20.95** 51
10 Fergushon
44.88 745.91 920.81 5.19**
70
11
Fulwood
44.94 38.96
74.13 59.58** 13
12 Jefferson
43.29 12.31 172.29 26.91**
4
13 Le Conte
29.84 253.60 32.98
0.30
52
14
Nortex
37.82
2.46
193.71 25335**
1
Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 23 (2019) 2
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
Suergrain
Thonson
Walken
Compact
Pennwin
2288
3378
834-4-1-3
3412
S Dak 40
3868
Cocker 41-51
4444
4451
4458
4472
4475
4476
4477
4478
4480
4482
4483
4484
4488
4492
5029
5032
Marr. Ander.
8276
PA 522-7
PA 522-23
PA 621-3274
PA 724-2580
PA 725-2154
PA 725-4743
PA 725-4787
PA 725-6113
PA 822-818
48.07 53.78 245.05 9.92**
17
40.75 151.95 10.88
0.63
41
37.16
4.70
173.36 75.11**
2
46.35 27.61 260.45 74.87**
9
41.54 284.72 20.25
0.15
56
47.92 123.71 102.29
1.65
30
54.75 129.54 433.55 441.45** 34
39.31 50.95
80.21 10.07** 16
36.59 788.52 70.82
1.20
71
63.93 68.30 346.98 735.01** 20
43.33 95.65 314.72 8.92**
24
39.79 514.99 29.33
0.27
64
61.64 374.96 700.62 358.05** 59
36.89 412.81 14.50
0.09
61
45.11 39.82 126.28 7.52**
14
31.26 183.85 14.15
4.07*
44
36.54 290.05 486.74
4.02*
57
49.74 27.14 249.50 42.62**
8
37.78 580.71 52.27
0.19
65
26.62 355.60 294.04
0.69
58
38.51 116.57 29.19 19.60** 27
45.85 849.93 1021.52 6.29**
72
43.94 222.18 489.60 10.92** 49
28.91 13.62 113.96 60.13**
5
28.83 68.80
48.30 2019**
21
49.40 1190.98 1355.81 32.92** 73
41.47 673.04 503.95
0.50
68
55.12 216.09 505.71 19.25** 48
46.86 128.48 431.72 343.34** 33
45.62 145.49 422.56 19.89** 38
47.71 262.70 491.90 5.78**
53
44.41 674.08 970.03 440.17** 69
52.59 455.67 775.45 201.27** 63
33.82
9.87
116.40 163.12** 3
45.70 25.24
85.84 2534**
7
45.38 118.96 251.84
3.32*
28
42.12 441.54 191.14
0.17
62
34.62 212.00 23.82
0.75
47
48.59 54.97 170.38 5.36**
18
ARK 0151-61 44.17
36.58 287.82 209.65** 12
AR 104-18 47.88 36.31 254.80 24.11** 11
Marys Quest 39.44 74.38
48.31 30.55** 22
Wodan
52.56 132.39 438.76 21514** 35
Gospod. 48 31.43 211.47 17.83
0.99
46
5183
41.28 99.87 229.12
3.62*
26
Tripolis
51.64 98.80 317.51 8.64**
25
Krusevac
40.28 125.28 425.88 187.31** 32
Boer
45.02 197.86 480.85 17.02** 45
Algerian
27.78 398.45 382.33
0.92
60
Mirabel
39.78 119.87 311.07 5.43**
29
Gerald
39.95 164.74 419.33 10.37** 43
Nuptiale
35.94 243.71 23.43
0.39
50
Solva
39.79 57.45
72.27
9.99**
19
Valiant
48.97 48.30 236.94 10.53** 15
Barra
56.75 597.96 886.37 32.96** 66
Carrie
44.06 28.82 139.36 10.54** 10
Krypton
31.15 267.20 58.80
0.26
54
Chamois
32.48 606.56 169.06
0.01
67
Emperor
37,54 277,10 16,95
0,19
55
*; ** Significant at P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01, respectively
91
Madosa, Emilian et al./ Stability of Grain Number Per Panicle in a Collection of Autumn Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Genotypes
An analysis of the genotype x environment interaction (Table
4) showed that the highest stability of the grain number per main
panicle, i.e. a low genotype x environment interaction, was
recorded in the following genotypes: Nortex, Walken, Jefferson,
PA 724-2580, 4484 and PA 725-2154. A high genotype x
environment interaction, associated with a high instability of this
character, was observed in the the genotypes 4492, 4482, 3412
and Fergushon.
In this case, a total of 53.10 % of the genotype x
environment interaction is due to the heterogeneity of variants.
The heterogeneity of variants and imperfect correlations can be
effectively used for assessing the stability of the grain number
per main panicle. Relative to the variance heterogeneity, the
most stable values of the grain number per panicle were recorded
in the varieties Cimarron, Nortex, Suergrain and Valiant, as well
as in the lines PA 725-4787 and 5183.
There is a close concordance between the results of the four
models used for assessing the stability of the grain number per
main panicle. According to these models, the greatest stability of
this character was recorded in the following genotypes: Nortex,
Walken, PA 725-2154, Jefferson and Fulwood. A great
instability was observed in the following cultivars and lines:
4482, 4492, Fergushon, Barra and PA 522-23. (Table 5)
Table 4. Stability of the grain number/ main panicle through (MUIR) the heterogeneous variances (HV) and imperfect
correlations (IC) for the winter oat genotypes under consideration during 2001-2004
SS
SS
SS
No
Genotype
Average
(HV)
(%)
(IC)
(%)
(GE)
(%)
1 Florina (mt.)
47.17
85.42
0.96
97.39
1.24
182.81
1.09
2
Norline
44.71
116.98
1.31
64.84
0.82
181.82
1.08
3
Arlingthon
36.34
76.94
0.86
48.43
0.61
125.37
0.75
4
Blamouth
33.16
103.22
1.16
51.89
0.66
155.11
0.92
5
CI 1908
29.45
96.11
1.08
92.41
1.17
188.53
1.12
6
Cimarron
28.47
61.40
0.69
130.42
1.65
191.82
1.14
7
Crater
34.64
64.46
0.72
113.27
1.44
177.73
1.06
8
Earlygrain
29.93
165.85
1.86
24.49
0.31
190.33
1.13
9
Excel
42.72
134.45
1.51
105.11
1.33
239.55
1.43
10
Fergushon
44.88
303.73
3.40
184.33
2.34
488.06
2.90
11
Fulwood
44.94
99.04
1.11
35.53
0.45
134.57
0.80
12
Jefferson
43.29
63.81
0.72
57.45
0.73
121.26
0.72
13
Le Conte
29.84
142.58
1.60
99.31
1.26
241.89
1.44
14
Nortex
37.82
61.84
0.69
54.49
0.69
116.32
0.69
15
Suergrain
48.07
61.90
0.69
80.08
1.02
141.98
0.84
16
Thonson
40.75
192.67
2.16
149.90
1.90
342.57
2.04
17
Walken
37.16
63.88
0.71
53.76
0.68
117.44
0.70
18
Compact
46.35
62.99
0.71
65.91
0.84
128.90
0.77
19
Pennwin
41.54
166.56
1.87
90.89
1.15
257.45
1.53
20
2288
47.92
82.78
0.93
94.17
1.19
176.95
1.05
21
3378
54.75
97.76
1.10
82.11
1.04
179.86
1.07
22
834-4-1-3
39.31
94.90
1.06
45.67
0.58
140.57
0.84
23
3412
36.59
101.48
1.14
407.87
5.18
509.35
3.03
24
S Dak 40
63.93
76.00
0.85
73.24
0.93
149.24
0.89
25
3868
43.33
69.94
0.78
92.97
1.18
162.92
0.97
26 Cocker 41-51
39.79
148.59
1.67
224.00
2.84
372.59
2.22
27
4444
61.64
198.02
2.22
104.56
1.33
302.57
1.80
28
4451
36.89
181.26
2.03
140.24
1.78
321.50
1.91
29
4458
45.11
73.58
0.82
61.42
0.78
135.00
0.80
30
4472
31.26
182.28
2.04
24.74
0.31
207.01
1.23
31
4475
36.54
114.31
1.28
145.81
1.85
260.12
1.55
32
4476
49.74
62.17
0.70
66.50
0.84
128.66
0.77
33
4477
37.78
117.94
1.32
287.51
3.65
405.45
2.41
34
4478
26.62
66.77
0.75
226.12
2.87
282.89
1.74
35
4480
38.51
148.82
1.67
24.55
0.31
173.38
1.03
36
4482
45.85
356.70
4.00
183.36
2.33
540.95
3.21
37
4483
43.94
115.26
1.29
110.92
1.41
226.18
1.35
38
4484
28.91
77.87
0.87
44.03
0.56
121.90
0.73
39
4488
28.83
122.24
1.37
27.25
0.35
149.49
0.89
40
4492
49.40
547.44
6.14
158.14
2.01
705.58
4.20
41
5029
41.47
120.10
1.35
331.51
4.21
451.61
2.69
42
5032
55.12
120.70
1.35
102.43
1.30
223.14
1.33
43 Marr. Ander.
46.86
97.22
1.09
82.11
1.04
179.33
1.07
44
8276
45.62
94.61
1.06
93.23
1.18
187.84
1.12
45
PA 522-7
47.71
116.02
1.30
130.42
1.65
246.44
1.47
92
Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 23 (2019) 2
Madosa, Emilian et al./ Stability of Grain Number Per Panicle in a Collection of Autumn Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Genotypes
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
PA 522-23
329.31
3.69
122.82
1.56
452.13
2.69
232.15
2.60
110.77
1.41
342.93
2.04
76.95
0.86
43.08
0.55
120.03
0.71
91.40
1.02
36.31
0.46
127.71
0.76
62.32
0.70
112.25
1.42
174.57
1.04
62.00
0.69
273.86
3.47
335.86
2.00
158.88
1.78
62.22
0.79
221.09
1.32
64.06
0.72
78.52
1.00
142.58
0.85
65.94
0.74
67.44
0.86
133.38
0.79
AR 104-18
62.54
0.70
70.71
0.90
133.25
0.79
Marys Quest
122.23
1.37
30.05
0.38
152.28
0.91
Wodan
99.22
1.11
82.01
1.04
181.29
1.08
Gospod. 48
172.32
1.93
48.50
0.62
220.82
1.31
5183
61.25
0,.69
103.78
1.32
165.03
0.98
Tripolis
70.42
0.79
94.02
1.19
164.49
0.98
Krusevac
95.45
1.07
82.19
1.04
177.73
1.06
Boer
112.37
1.26
101.65
1.29
214.02
1.27
Algerian
84.01
0.94
230.31
2.92
314.32
1.87
Mirabel
69.34
0.78
105.68
1.34
175.03
1.04
Gerald
93.70
1.05
103.76
1.32
197.46
1.18
Nuptiale
159.69
1.79
77.26
0.98
236.95
1.41
Solva
100.39
1.13
43.43
0.55
143.82
0.86
Valiant
61.50
0.69
77.74
0.99
139.24
0.83
Barra
286.21
3.21
127.86
1.62
414.07
2.46
Carrie
69.89
0.78
59.61
0.76
129.50
0.77
Krypton
111.53
1.25
137.17
1.74
248.69
1.48
Chamois
64.23
0.72
354.14
4.49
418.37
2.49
Emperor
174.56
1.96
79.08
1.00
253.64
1.51
TOTAL
8922.37
53.10
7881.05
46.90
16803.42
100.00
HV - Heterogenity variance; IC - Imperfect correlations; GE - Genotype x environment interaction; SS – Sum square
PA 621-3274
PA 724-2580
PA 725-2154
PA 725-4743
PA 725-4787
PA 725-6113
PA 822-818
ARK 0151-61
44.41
52.59
33.82
45.70
45.38
42.12
34.62
48.59
44.17
47.88
39.44
52.56
31.43
41.28
51.64
40.28
45.02
27.78
39.78
39.95
35.94
39.79
48.97
56.75
44.06
31.15
32.48
37.54
Table 5. Concordance of ranks of different stability estimation models for the grain number/main panicle of the winter oat
genotypes under consideration
Ranks stability
No.
Genotype
Average
Amounts ranks
SSR
Type I
Type II
Type III
Ecovalence
1
Florina (mt.)
47.17
54
34
49
37
174
676
2
Norline
44.71
17
38.5
38
36
129,5
342.25
3
Arlingthon
36.34
28
18
22
6
74
5476
4
Blamouth
33.16
22
26
30
23
101
2209
5
CI 1908
29.45
19
37
53
39
148
0
6
Cimarron
28.47
34
5
65
42
146
4
7
Crater
34.64
43
16
63
31
153
25
8
Earlygrain
29.93
14
44
18
40
116
1024
9
Excel
42.72
66
59
43
51
219
5041
10
Fergushon
44.88
69
63
68
70
270
14884
11
Fulwood
44.94
25
22
8
13
68
6400
12
Jefferson
43.29
36
3
24
4
67
6561
13
Le Conte
29.84
8
49
45
52
154
36
14
Nortex
37.82
41
11
1
1
54
8836
15
Suergrain
48.07
45
17
41
17
120
784
16
Thonson
40.75
5
69
26
41
141
49
17
Walken
37.16
38
1
17
2
58
8100
18
Compact
46.35
48
27
20
9
104
1936
19
Pennwin
41,.54
3
62
37
56
158
100
20
2288
47.92
23
25
55
30
133
225
21
3378
54.75
61
53
7
34
155
49
22
834-4-1-3
39.31
26
21
27
16
90
3364
23
3412
36.59
18
73
51
71
213
4225
24
S Dak 40
63.93
53
33
5
20
111
1369
25
3868
43.33
50
29
50
24
153
25
Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 23 (2019) 2
93
Madosa, Emilian et al./ Stability of Grain Number Per Panicle in a Collection of Autumn Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Genotypes
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
Cocker 41-51
39.79
6
4444
61.64
67
4451
36.89
1
4458
45.11
29
4472
31.26
12
4475
36.54
56
4476
49.74
46
4477
37.78
9
4478
26.62
32
4480
38.51
16
4482
45.85
71
4483
43.94
63
4484
28.91
30
4488
28.83
21
4492
49.40
73
5029
41.47
37
5032
55.12
65
Marre. Ande.
46.86
60
8276
45.62
57
PA 522-7
47.71
58
PA 522-23
44.41
72
PA 621-3274
52.59
68
PA 724-2580
33.82
31
PA 725-2154
45.70
27
PA 725-4743
45.38
42
PA 725-4787
42.12
15
PA 725-6113
34.62
11
PA 822-818
48.59
35
ARK 0151-61
44.17
52
AR 104-18
47.88
47
Marys Quest
39.44
20
Wodan
52.56
62
Gospodarski 48
31.43
10
5183
41.28
39
Tripolis
51.64
51
Krusevac
40.28
59
Boer
45.02
64
Algerian
27.78
40
Mirabel
39.78
49
Gerald
39.95
55
Nuptiale
35.94
7
Solva
39.79
24
Valiant
48.97
44
Barra
56.75
70
Carrie
44.06
33
Krypton
31.15
13
Chamois
32.48
2
Emperor
37.54
4
Sum
2701
SSR – Regression sum square; χ2 =124.12***;
70
42
64
60
14
59
66
32
61
14
35
14
46
19
44
38,5
66
57
19
23
8
71
58
65
7,5
71
58
40
11
27
67
67
72
56
57
49
12,5
13
5
32
2
21
72
56
73
2
73
68
58
44
48
52
9
33
41
39
38
42
64
53
68
15
69
61
21
63
12,5
6
3
20
4
7
10
62
28
43
69
62
47
33
47
4
48
18
31
10
12
24
29
11
35
12
22
54
3
35
48
28
46
6
61
26
30
52
25
50
16
32
57
47
45
9
72
60
28
60
29
36
54
43
51
36
50
23
25
19
15
40
15
64
46
66
7,5
31
10
45
59
54
65
70
67
55
34
55
2701
2701
2701
χ20.1% =112,32; *** Significant at P ≤ 0.001
Relative to all the oat genotypes under consideration, the
number of genotypes with a good stability of the grain number
per panicle is small. The results obtained are consistent with the
results of a study on the character stability in oats including 11
oat genotypes from India examined at six different locations. Of
the 11 genotypes evaluated, only three had a good panicle
stability, which was also tested according to the grain number
per panicle (Uzma et al., 2017). The oat character stability can
be assessed by examining a specific character over different
periods of time and at different locations. Such combined studies
are more selective, highlighting the genotypes with the highest
94
182
200
160
92
121
217,5
96
203
168,5
94
277
225
60,5
76
274
180
215
154
175
217
224
213
52,5
58
142
189
138
105
105
111
89
154
132
132
158
157
213
181
166
188
144
91
114
246
81,5
171
204
148
10804
1156
2704
144
3136
729
4830.25
2704
3025
420.25
2916
16641
5929
7656.25
5184
15876
1024
4489
36
729
4761
5776
4225
9120.25
8100
36
1681
100
1849
1849
1369
3481
36
256
256
100
81
4225
1089
324
1600
16
3249
1156
9604
4422.25
529
3136
0
223496
degree of adaptation to different stress conditions. A plant’s
productivity-stability analysis aims to verify the plant’s response
to the environmental-genotype interactions. Through such
elaborate studies, it has been found that approximately two out
of ten oat genotypes exhibit a good stability (Mushtaq et al.,
2013).
CONCLUSION
The number of grains per panicle is a major component of
plant productivity. The values of this character vary on an annual
Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 23 (2019) 2
Madosa, Emilian et al./ Stability of Grain Number Per Panicle in a Collection of Autumn Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Genotypes
basis. The varieties Jefferson, Carrie and Florina, as well as the
lines 4458, PA 725-4743 and PA 822-818, were found to exhibit
a high dynamic stability associated with high values of the grain
number per panicle. Oat genotypes with a low variability in the
grain number per panicle under different environmental
conditions, such as the Thomson, Penwin and Cocker 41-51
cultivars, are of great importance to breeding programs. Relative
to all the processing models employed, the greatest stability of
this character was recorded in the following genotypes: Nortex,
Walken, PA 725-2154, Jefferson and Fulwood.
REFERENCES
Annicchiarico, P. (2002). Defining adaptation strategies and
yield stability targets inbreeding programmes. In M.S. Kang,
ed. Quantitative genetics, genomics, and plant breeding,
Wallingford, UK,CABI;,365-383.
Atefah, Z., Sohbat, B. (2012). Assessment of drought tolerance
in oat (Avena sativa) genotypes, Annals of Biological
Research, 3 (5), 2194-220.
Becker, H.C., Leon, J. (1988). Stability analysis in plant
breeding. Plant breed.,101, 1-23.
Bernardo, R. (2002) Breeding for quantitative traits in Plants,
Stemma Press, Woodbury, Minnesota.
Ciulca, S. (2006). Metodologii de experimentare în agricultură şi
biologie. Ed. Agroprint, Timişoara.
Crampton, M.W., Moot D.J. , Martin R.J. (1997). Kernel weight
distribution within oat (Avena sativa L.) panicles Proceedings
Agronomy Society of N.Z., 27, 83-87.
Dumlupinar, Z., Maral, H., Kara, R., Dokuyucu, T., Akkaya, A.
(2011). Evaluation of turkish oat landraces based on grain
yield, yield components and some quality traits, Turkish
Journal of Field Crops, 16(2), 190-196.
Dyulgerova, Boryana, Savova, Todorka (2017). Agronomic
evaluation of regenerant oat (Avena sativa L.) lines, Bulgarian
Journal of Crop Science, 54(4).
Igor Pirez Valério, Irajá Félix de Carvalho, F., Costa de Oliveira,
A., Lorencetti, C., Queiroz de Souza,V., Gonzáles da Silva,
J.A., Harwig, I., Mallmann Schmidt,D.A., Bertan, I.,
Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 23 (2019) 2
Ribeiro,G. (2009). Yield and combining ability stability in
different oat populations Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, 30 (2),
331-346.
Finnan, J. M., Spink, L. (2017). Identification of yield limiting
phenological phases of oats to improve crop management,
J.Agr,Crop.Sci., 155 (1), 1-17.
Muir, W., Nyquist, W. E.,
Xu, S. (1992). Alternative
partitioning of the genotype - by - environment interaction.
Theor.Appl.Genet., 84, 193-200.
Mushtaq, A., Gul Z., Razvi, S.M., Mir, S.D., Rather, M.A.
(2013). Stability Properties of Certain Oats (Avena sativa L.)
Genotypes for Major Grain Yielding Characteristics.
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 7, 182187.
Mut, Zeki, Akay, H., Özge, E.K. (2018). Grain yield, quality traits
and grain yield stability of local oat cultivars. Journal of Soil
Science and Plant Nutrition, 18 (1), 269-281.
Ozgen M. (1993). Environmental Adaptation and Stability
Relationships between Grain Yield and some Agronomic
Traits in Winter Oat, J.Agr,Crop.Sci. 70(2), 128-135.
Panayotova, Galina, Savova, Todorka, Dyulgerova, Boryana
(2018). Genetic diversity in different accessions of oat (Avena
sativa L.). Agricultural Science And Technology, 7(1), 45 –
48.
Rubia, Diana, Mantai, Gonzalez da Silva J.A., Ghisleni
Arenhardt, E., Bruneslau Scremin, O.,Woschinski de Mamann,
Angela Teresinha, Zancan Frantz, R., Valdiero A.C., Pretto,
R., Ketzer Krysczun, I., (2018). Simulation of oat grain (Avena
sativa) using its panicle components and nitrogen fertilizer,
African Journal of Agricultural Research,. 11(40), 3975-3983.
Uzma, M., Ishfaq, A., Mushtaq, A., Gul Z., Dar, Z.A., Rather,
M.A., Ajaz, A. (2017). Lone
Stability analysis for
physiological traits, grain yield and its attributing parameters
in oats (Avena sativa L.) in the Kashmir valley, Electronic
Journal of Plant Breeding, 8(1), 59-62.
Received: 20. 02. 2019.
Accepted: 28. 03. 2019.
95