Selbyana 20(1): 30-39. 1999.
STUDIES ON THE FLORA OF THE GUIANAS No. 90: CHECKLIST
OF BROMELIACEAE OF THE GUIANAS WITH NOTES ON
CRITICAL SPECIES
ERIC JOHN GOUDA
University Botanie Gardens, P.O. Box 80.162, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
ABSTRACT. An updated checklist of Bromeliaceae in the Guianas includes plants of Guyana (GU), Surinam
(SU), and French Guiana (FG). The checklist is based on collections from the herbaria at Utrecht University
(U), the New York Botanical Garden (NY), and the Smithsonian Institution (US). Of the 13 new country
records reported (GU-7, SU-1, FG-5), nine are new for the overall Guianas region. Notes on critical or
poorly known species are presented, along with three new synonyms, two in Aechmea and one in Disteganthus.
Key words:
Bromeliaceae, Guianas, Surinam, French Guiana, checklist
INTRODUCTION
In preparation for future installments of the
Bromeliaceae treatment for the Flora of the
Guianas project, a herbarium study was undertaken at the U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution (US); Utrecht University (U); and
the New York Botanical Garden (NY). Newly
studied collections were made, for the most part,
by the following collectors: G. Cremers, J.J. de
Granville, L.J. Gillespie, W. Hahn, T.W. Henkei,
B. Hoffman, K. Lance, T. McDowell, and J.J.
Pipoly. Adding to a former study on the Tillandsioideae (Gouda 1987), this paper reports on
a herbarium study of about 500 collections
(mainly non-TïlIandsioid), in which 13 taxa
were found to be new country records. Of these,
nine are new records for the Guianas as a whole
(FlGURE 1): Aechmea castelnavü Baker, A. rodriguesiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm., A. polyantha E.
Pereira & Reitz, Brocchinia acuminata L.B.
Sm., B. hechtioides Mez, Bromelia granvillei
L.B. Sm. & Gouda, Connellia quelchii N.E. Br.,
Racinaea tetrantha var. caribea (L.B. Sm.)
Spencer & L.B. Sm., and Tillandsia fendleri var.
reducta (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.
In addition to a list of the new individual
country records and representative specimens, a
discussion section addresses critical or poorly
known species. It is followed by the checklist of
Bromeliaceae in the Guianas. A total of 128
Bromeliad species currently are known from the
Guianas: Guyana with 110 species, French Guiana with 68, and Surinam with 56 species.
mountain top in low scrubby vegetation,
900 m, 22 Aug. 1977, P.J.M. Maas et al.
2652 (U); Pakaraima Mts., Mt. Aymatoi,
1150 m, 16 Oct. 1981, P.J.M. Maas et al.
5762 (U).
Brocchinia hechtioides Mez—Potaro-Siparuni,
Pakaraima Mts., Upper Ireng R. watershed,
16 Jul. 1994, T.W. Henkei & M. Chin 5665
(US).
Catopsis sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez—Pomeroon-Supenaam region, Akawini River, 11
Sep. 1992, B. Hoffman et al. 2551 (US).
Connellia quelchii N.E. Br.—Cuyuni-Mazaruni,
Pakaraima Mts., 3 Nov. 1992, B. Hoffman
& T. Henkei 3202 (US).
Racinaea tetrantha (Ruiz & Pavon) Spencer &
L.B. Sm. var. caribaea (L.B. Sm.) Spencer
& L.B. Sm.—Cuyuni-Mazaruni region,
Pakaraima Mts., 3 Nov. 1992, B. Hoffman
et al. 3200 (US).
Tillandsia fendleri Griseb. var. reducta (L.B.
Sm.) L.B. Sm.—Potaro-Siparuni, Pakaraima Mts., 29 Jan. 1993, T.W. Henkei et al.
1085 (US).
Vriesea heliconioides (Kunth) Hook. ex
Walp.—Barima-Waini region, Aranka
Head, 10 Apr. 1991, T. McDowell et al
4337 (US).
New Record for Surinam
Aechmea castelnavü Baker—Sipalawini savanna, l km N of Tussenkamp at bank 4-gebroeders creek, near Brazilian frontier, 300
m, F.H.F. Oldenburger et al. 613 (U).
NEW COUNTRY RECORDS
New Records for Guyana
New Records for French Guiana
Brocchinia acuminata L.B. Sm.—Mt. Latipu,
15 km N of Kamarang (Mazaruni R.) on
Aechmea angustifolia Poepp. & Endl. —Saül,
Route de Belizon; Gobaya Soula-Bassin du
30
GOUDA: GUIANAS BROMELIACEAE
31
THE GUIANAS
Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana
FIGURE 1. The Guianas region, drawn by H. Rypkema.
Maroni, 28 Sep. 1995, S.A. Mori et al.
24245 (NY); French Guiana, Gobaya Soula
- Bassin du Maroni, Rivedroute, 100 m,
3°37'N, 53°58'W, l Feb. 1989, J.J. de Granville et al. 10977 (B, CAY, P, US).
Aechmea rodriguesiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.—
Mataroni to Savanne Roche, 17 Mar. 1998,
J. Moonen 195 (U).
Aechmea polyantha E. Pereira & Reitz—Savane Roche de Virginie, Bassin de
l'Approuague, C. Cremers et al. 11880
(CAY, US), 15285 (CAY, U), J. Moonen
149, 166, 167, 185 (U), E.J. Gouda & J.
Moonen EG99-5 (CAY, U); also new for
Amapa, Brazil, Municipio de Calgoene,
BR 156, in vicinity of government road
camp "Carnot," 53 km WNW of Calcoene,
10 Dec. 1984, 5. Mori et al. 17353 (NY).
Ananas parguazensis Camargo & L.B. Sm.—
Savana roche, Piton Rocheux remarquable
region de la Haute Crique Armontabo, Bas
Oyapock, 24 Feb. 1981, G. Cremers 7116
(US).
Bromelia granvillei L.B. Sm. & Gouda—Mont
Bakra, Region des Emerillons, 15 Apr.
1993, G. Cremers 13122 (B, BR, CAY, NY,
P, U, US); Savane Roche du Quatorze Juillet, Bassin du Bas Oyapock, 16 Apr. 1991,
G. Cremers 12188 (CAY).
CRITICAL AND POORLY KNOWN SPECIES
Aechmea
Aechmea campanulata L.B. Sm., Mem. New
York Bot. Gard. 9: 316. 1957. TYPE: Guyana, Pakaraima Mts., valley of the Mahdia
River (Tributary, Potaro R.), summit of Eagle Mt., 700 m, 13 Oct. 1951 B. Maguire
32098, (Holotype: NY!).
Besides the type, two more collections from
Guyana were found (T. McDowell & D. Gopaul
3546 and 3480 [US!], both from Eagle Mt., near
the type location collected in Oct. 1990). This
species strongly resembles Pseudaechmea ambigua L.B. Sm. & R.W. Read, from Colombia
32
SELBYANA
and is suspected to be closely related. It has
strongly asymmetrie sepals, a very shallow epigynous tube above the ovary and caudate ovules.
The inflorescence is bipinnate at the base or
pseudo-simple (with one-flowered branches).
Ligules on the petals are highly adnate to the
petals and sometimes difficult to find. At this
time, ligules on the petals are keeping these two
probably closely related species in two different
genera. This characteristic, however, has proven
to be unreliable in many cases for generic level
classiflcation (Grant 1995), and the relation between these two species is subject for further
investigation.
Aechmea egleriana L.B. Sm., Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio goeldi II, 1958. Type: Brazil,
Para: Rio Trombetas, region of the upper
Ariramba, Dec. 1910, Ducke s.n. (Holotype:
MG; Isotype: US!).
Aechmea egleriana L.B. Sm. var. major L.B.
Sm., syn. nov., Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
10(5): 40. 1964. TYPE: Venezuela, Amazonas: along Rio Siapa between Rio Casiquiare
and mouth of Cano Hechimoni, 120 m, 25
Jul. 1959, Wurdack & Adderley 43613 (Holotype: US!).
No evidence was found that this variety could
be distinguished from the typical variety. Aechmea egleriana seems to be very variable in plant
size, coloration and density of the inflorescence;
therefore, A. egleriana var. major must be considered as a synonym to the type variety.
Aechmea rodrigueziana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.,
Phytologia 19: 281. 1970. TYPE: Brazil,
Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal
Ducke. W. Rodrigues 5399 (holotype, US!).
Aechmea meeana E. Pereira & Reitz, syn.
nov., Bradea 1: 385. 1974, TYPE: Brazil,
Amazonas: near Manaus, Rio Marau, Sep.
1972, Mee 66 (Holotype: HB!).
Although Aechmea rodrigueziana was originally described in the genus Gravisia ^Aechmea), it was later wrongly placed in the subgenus Chevaliera by L.B. Smith (Smith & Downs
1979), likely because of the lack of petals in the
known material, and because it resembles Aechmea digitata L.B. Sm. & R.W. Read. This would
explain why E. Pereira & Reitz were not aware
of this species when they described A. meeana
(all species of Gravisia, except G. rodrigueziana
L.B. Sm. are placed in Aechmea subgenus Aechmea). The inflorescences in the types of both
species are in different stages of development.
The type of A. rodrigueziana is in fruiting stage
and therefore appears more robust than the type
specimen of A. meeana (see FIGURES 2, 3). Most
of the fruits are already gone, probably taken out
by birds. There is no difference in flower char-
Volume 20(1) 1999
acteristics (floral-bracts, ovary and sepals), and
both have the characteristic dark brown leafsheets, with robust spines on the base of the
blades. The typical castaneous peduncle-bracts
abruptly end in a very stout spine. It is obviously
the same species.
Some confusion exists regarding two of Margaret Mee's paintings in her book In Search of
Flowers of the Amazon Forests (Mee 1988,
Baensch 1994); it was also published on the cover of the Journal of the German Bromeliad Society, Die Bromelie 3/1993. The type of Aechmea meeana (HB, photo US) does not appear to
be conspecific with the specimen used as the basis for Margaret Mee's painting. The painting
was based on a collection from Rio Marau,
March 1973 (the type locality of A. meeana) but
several months after the type was collected. This
painting is more representative of A. polyantha
E. Pereira & Reitz, which is based on a Mee
collection (M. Mee 72, see note about A. polyantha). In A. meeana, the inflorescence spikes
are fasciculate (digitale); and the floral bracts are
relatively large, covering most of the flowers.
The inflorescence of A. polyantha is more elongated (remotely branching), and the flowers
much exceed the floral bracts).
Aechmea lanjouwii (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm., Phytologia 19: 281. 1970. TYPE: Brazil. On
granite flat near Voltzberg, Sep. 1933, Lanjouw 874 (Holotype: U!; Isotype: US).
This species, previously only known from the
type collection, now has been recollected at the
type locality (E.J. Gouda & J. Moonen EG9929, BBS, CAY, NY, US). It is only growing saxicolous in two patches, with a total of about 65
plants in secondary vegetation on the edge of
the granite flat. We could not find any other
specimen of this species on the Voltzberg, where
we searched on both tops of this mountain
(rocky outcrop with two tops at 200 and 250 m),
nor could we find it growing epiphytic in the
forest around it. Many of the specimen plants
were flowering or fruiting. Although this species
appears to be very close to Aechmea polyantha
(based on the inflorescence characteristics), its
petals are very different. Not cucculate and bluish, but yellow and erect, more resembling that
of A. aquilega which was growing next to it. It
is interesting to see that all the fruits checked
(of several infruitescences) did not contain any
seeds, perhaps indicating that we are dealing
with a natural hybrid.
Aechmea polyantha E. Pereira & Reitz, Bradea
1: 385. 1994. TYPE: Brazil, Amazonas: Rio
Marau near Manaus, Sep. 1972, M. Mee 72
(Holotype: HB!; photo of type: US!).
The type specimen of Aechmea polyantha, ex-
GOUDA: GUIANAS BROMELIACEAE
cept for the leaf, does not look much like the
specimen on the well-known painting by Mee
(Beansch 1994). The painting was made from a
specimen from Amazonas, Rio Maraii near Manaus (type location of A. polyantha), January
1973. It is not known if any voucher specimen
was collected of the plant in Mee's painting,
which looks more like A. egleriana, with floral
bracts inconspicuous and broad leaf-sheaths
contracted in a very narrow blade. The painting
of A. meeana (Beansch 1994, see note about this
species) is probably A. polyantha but not from
the type location, if the information on the painting is correct. Both paintings also were published on the cover of the Journal of the German
Bromeliad Society, Die Bromelie 3/1993 and l/
1996.
It is interesting to note that in French Guiana,
Aechmea polyantha, A. rodrigueziana, and A.
egleriana are found growing in the same habitat,
the rocky outcrop of savane Roche de Virginie,
but also in the forest as they do near Manaus,
Brazil.
Ananas
The complex of Ananas species including A.
ananassoides (Baker) L.B. Sm., A. nanus (L.B.
Sm.) L.B. Sm., and A. parguazensis has been a
source of problems for many years. Based on
the ample herbarium material available at US
and personal observations on living collections,
the following characteristics were helpful in
identifying the species involved. Some specimens studied were, however, too fragmentary or
seemed to be intermediate between the species.
Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L.B. Sm. is the
most common species of the three in this complex, especially in French Guiana and Surinam;
though in the last monograph of the family, it
was not indicated at all for the Guianas (Smith
& Downs 1979).
Distinguishing characters of Ananas ananassoides: plant flowering often 1-1.5 m tall, with
narrow leaves, strongly channeled and revolute
(folded when dried), with antrorse spines ending
in an attenuate narrow tip (subfiliform); upper
scape bracts very finely serrulate at base; inflorescence many-flowered with nearly no coma at
anthesis, though the coma developing in fruit.
Selected specimens examined: J.J. de Granville
325, 3957 (US, CAY); G. Cremers 7481 (US,
CAY), 8279 (U), 10865 (US, CAY, P), 15294
(U); D. Fairchild 3680 (US); B. Maguire et al.
53993 (US); T. McDowell & D. Gopaul 2414
(US); W. Hahn et al. 4594 (US); H.S. Irwin et
al. 55788 (U); M.J. Jansen-Jacobs et al. 3747
(U); J.G. Wessels Boer 1463 (U).
33
Ananas nanus (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. is the smallest of these three species and probably restricted
to central and northern Brazil. The material cited
from the Guianas in Smith and Downs (1979) is
more appropriately placed under A. ananassoides.
Distinguishing characters of Ananas nanus:
leaves are not strongly channeled as in A. ananassoides nor strongly revolute (when dry),
relatively wider and more abruptly ending in a
spinose point; upper scape-bracts serrulate (not
as fine as A. ananassoides), relatively short and
ending in a spinose point; the inflorescences are
few-flowered (about 10) and bear a distinct
coma at anthesis.
Ananas parguazensis Camargo & L.B. Sm. can
be as large as A. ananassoides or even larger,
but also as small as A. nanus. Most Ananas
specimens from Surinam, previously identified
as A. parguazensis, are better placed in A. ananassoides. One collection (verified) was already known from Guyana and four other specimens from Guyana have been identified as this
species, in addition to a few collections from
Surinam and one from French Guiana (see new
collections). A. parguazensis is distributed from
Venezuela into the Guianas.
Distinguishing characters of Ananas parguazensis: inner leaves and those of the crown narrowed at the base, less strongly channeled and
stoutly retrorse serrate at base, spines soon antrorse, margins sinuous (caused by broad
spines); upper scape bracts large and wide also
with retrorse spines at base; crown as in A. ananassoides. Selected specimens examined: W.
Hahn et al. 3937, 4594 (US); D. Clarke 376,
1505, 2766 (US); G. Cremers 7116 (US, CAY);
G.T. Prance et al. 4111 (US); T. McDowell et
al. 2024, 3380 (US); L.P. Kvist et al. 73 (US);
P. Mutchnick & B. Allicock 559, 737 (US).
Ananas lucidus Miller has been cited for French
Guiana based on Sagot 555 (P), but that specimen was not studied for this work, and the identification cannot be confirmed. This species is
spineless.
Disteganthus
Disteganthus basilateralis Lem., Fl. Serres 3:
pi.227, 1847. TYPE: French Guiana, cultivated in
Paris Hortus, Melinon s.n. (Holotype: P).
Disteganthus calatheoides (L.B. Sm.) L.B.
Sm. & R.W. Read, syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Amapa: Rio Oiapoque, E of Colonia Agricola do
Oiapoque, 3°43'N, 51°55'W, about 4 km N of
mouth of Cricu River, H.S. Irwin et al. 47527
(Holotype: NY!).
Disteganthus calatheoides (basionym: Aech-
SELBYANA
34
FIGURE 2.
Type specimen of Aechmea rodrigueziana, photo by author.
Volume 20(1) 1999
GOUDA: GUIANAS BROMELIACEAE
FIGURE 3.
Type specimen of Aechmea meeana, photo by author.
35
36
SELBYANA
mea calatheoides L.B. Sm.) no longer can be
distinguished from D. basilateralis Lem. Disteganthus basilateralis was known from a single
specimen at time of description of D. calatheoides; additional collections have shown that
characters merge. The difference between the
two species was based on serrulate or entire sepal margins (Smith & Downs 1979), and this
character has shown to vary from loosely serrulate to entire within a population. This species
name must be considered a synonym of D. basüateralis. Selected specimens examined: G. Cremers 8272 (CAY, NY, US), 10854 (CAY, P, U,
US), 11511 (CAY, US), 12337 (B, CAY, US);
J.J. de Granville et al B.4725 (CAY, US), 10182
Volume 20(1) 1999
(CAY, P, US), 11077 (CAY, P, U, US); D. Larpin
656 (CAY, US); W.J. Kress et al. 88-2522, 882536 (US); C. Feuillet 9947 (US).
Disteganthus lateralis (L.B. Sm.) Gouda, Brittonia 46(2): 134. 1994. Aechmea lateralis
L.B. Sm., Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29: 525.
1954. TYPE: Surinam. Paramaribo, without
specific locality, 2 Oct. 1948, Poster 2387
(Holotype: US; Isotype: U!),
Disteganthus bromelüfolius L.B. Sm., nom.
nud. Boggan (1992) listed D. bromeliifolius L.B.
Sm., sp. nov. ined., based on J.J. de Granvüle
7270 (CAY, US), French Guiana, Montagne de
Kaw camp Caiman, but it has not been validly
published (Gouda 1994).
CHECKLIST OF BROMELIACEAE OF THE GUIANAS
Selected synonyms and comments are in brackets after the accepted name. Country abbreviations
are Guyana (GU), Surinam (SU), and French Guiana (FG). Unverified country records or records
probably based on material of cultivated origin are marked with a "?". The checklist is followed
by notes on excluded taxa and taxa expected to occur in the Guianas.
Species
Aechmea angustifolia Poepp. & Endl.
Aechmea aquilega (Salisb.) Griseb.
Aechmea brassicoides Baker
Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker
Aechmea campanulata L.B. Sm.
Aechmea castelnavii Baker
Aechmea contracta (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Baker
Aechmea egleriana L.B. Sm.
Aechmea lanjouwü (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.
Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker
Aechmea melinonii Hook.
Aechmea mertensii (Mey.) Schult.f.
Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb.
var. cuspidata Baker
var. nudicaulis
Aechmea pallida L.B. Sm.
Aechmea penduliflora André
Aechmea politii L.B. Sm.
Aechmea polyantha E. Pereira & Reitz
Aechmea rodrigueziana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. [syn. A. meeana]
Aechmea setigera Mart. ex Schult.f.
Aechmea tillandsioides (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Baker
Aechmea tocantina Baker
Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L.B. Sm.
Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill [cultivated, naturalized]
Ananas lucidus Mill.
Ananas parguazensis Camargo & L.B. Sm.
Araeococcus flagellifolius Harms
Araeococcus goeldianus L.B. Sm.
Araeococcus micranthus Brongn.
Billbergia macrolepis L.B. Sm.
Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lind.
Billbergia violacea Beer
Country
GU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU
GU, SU, FG
GU
SU
GU
FG
SU
GU, SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU
GU, SU, FG
GU
GU
GU, FG
FG
FG
SU, FG
GU, SU
GU, SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
FG
GU, SU, FG
SU, FG
FG
GU, SU, FG
GU
FG
GU, SU, FG
GOUDA: GUIANAS BROMELIACEAE
Brocchinia acuminata L.B. Sm.
Brocchinia hechtioides Mez
Brocchinia micrantha (Baker) Mez
Brocchinia reducta Baker
Brocchinia steyermarkii L.B. Sm.
Brocchinia tatei L.B. Sm.
Bromelia agavifolia Brongn. ex Houllett
Bromelia alta L.B. Sm.
Bromelia fosteriana L.B. Sm.
Bromelia granvillei L.B. Sm. & Gouda
Bromelia humilis Jacq.
Bromelia oleveiriae L.B. Sm.
Bromelia pinguïn L. [cultivated only?]
Bromelia plumieri (E. Morren) L.B. Sm.
Bromelia serra Griseb.
Bromelia tubulosa L.B. Sm.
Catopsis berteroniana (Schult.f.) Mez
Catopsis sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez
Connellia augustae (Rich. Schomb.) N.E. Br.
Connellia quelchii N.E. Br.
Disteganthus basilateralis Lem.
Disteganthus lateralis (L.B. Sm.) Gouda [D. bromeliifolius, nom. nud.]
Guzmania altsonii L.B. Sm.
Guzmania calothyrsus Mez
Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez
Guzmania melinonis Regel
Guzmania plumieri (Griseb.) Mez
Guzmania retusa L.B. Sm.
Guzmania roezlii (E. Morren) Mez
Guzmania sphaeroidea (André) André ex Mez
Guzmania squarrosa (Mez & Sodiro) L.B. Sm. & Pittendrigh
Lindmania geniculata L.B. Sm. (syn. L. guianensisl See Holst 1997)
Lindmania guianensis (Beer) Mez
Navia angustifolia (Baker) Mez
Navia arida L.B. Sm. & Steyerm.
Navia barbellata L.B. Sm.
Navia brachyphylla L.B. Sm.
Navia cataractarum Sandw.
Navia duidae L.B. Sm.
Navia gleasonii L.B. Sm.
Navia maguirei L.B. Sm.
Navia rupestris (Gleason) Sandw.
Navia sandwithii L.B. Sm.
Navia splendens L.B. Sm.
Pitcairnia brittoniana Mez
Pitcairnia caricifolia Mart. ex Schult.f. [syn. Pepinia caricifolia]
Pitcairnia geyskesii L.B. Sm. [syn. Pepinia geyskesii]
Pitcairnia incarnata Baker [syn. Pepinia incamata]
Pitcairnia leprieurii Baker
Pitcairnia maidifolia (C. Morren) Decne.
Pitcairnia nuda Baker [syn. Pepinia nuda]
Pitcairnia patentiflora L.B. Sm. [syn. Pepinia patentiflora]
Pitcairnia pusilla Mez
Pitcairnia rubiginosa (Brongn.) Baker [syn. Pepinia rubiginosa}
Pitcairnia sastrei L.B. Sm. & R.W. Read
37
GU
GU
GU
GU
GU
GU
FG
GU, SU
SU
FG
SU?
FG?
GU, SU
GU, SU, FG
FG
FG?
GU, SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU
GU
FG
SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU
GU, SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU?, SU?, FG
GU
GU
GU
GU
GU
GU
GU
GU
GU
GU?
GU
GU?
GU
SU
GU
GU
GU
GU
GU, SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
FG
GU, FG
GU, SU
GU, SU
FG
FG
FG
SU?, FG
38
SELBYANA
Volume 20(1) 1999
Pitcairnia sprucei Baker [syn. Pepinia sprucei]
Racinaea jenmanii (Baker) Spencer & L.B. Sm. [syn. Tillandsia jenmanii}
Racinaea spiculosa (Griseb.) Spencer & L.B. Sm. [syn. Tillandsia spiculosa]
var. micrantha (Baker) Spencer & L.B. Sm.
var. spiculosa
var. stenoglossa (L.B. Sm.) Spencer & L.B. Sm.
Racinaea tetrantha (Ruiz & Pavon) Spencer & L.B. Sm. [syn. Tillandsia tetrantha]
var. caribaea (L.B. Sm.) Spencer & L.B. Sm.
Streptocalyx longifolius (Rudge) Baker [syn. Aechmea longifolia]
Streptocalyx poeppigü Beer [syn. Aechmea beeriana]
Streptocalyx poitaei Baker [syn. Aechmea poitaeï]
Tillandsia adpressiflora Mez
Tillandsia anceps Lodd.
Tillandsia bulbosa Hook.
Tillandsia complanata Benth.
Tillandsia fasciculata Swartz
Tillandsia fendleri Griseb.
var. fendleri
var. reducta (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.
Tillandsia flexuosa Swartz
Tillandsia geminiflora Brongn.
Tillandsia kegeliana Mez
Tillandsia monadelpha (E. Morren) Baker
Tillandsia paraensis Mez
Tillandsia pruinosa Swartz
Tillandsia stricta Solander ex Ker-Gawl.
Tillandsia tenuifolia L.
Tillandsia turneri Baker var. orientalis L.B. Sm.
Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.
Vriesea duidae (L.B. Sm.) Gouda
Vriesea heliconioides (Kunth) Hook. ex Walp.
Vriesea incurva (Griseb.) R.W. Read [syn. Tillandsia incurva]
Vriesea jonghei (C. Koch) E. Morren
Vriesea platynema Gaudich.
Vriesea pleiosticha (Griseb.) Gouda [syn. Mezobromelia pleiosticha]
Vriesea procera (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Wittmack
Vriesea rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer
Vriesea soderstromii L.B. Sm.
Vriesea splendens (Brongn.) Lem.
var. formosa Suringar ex Witte
var. splendens
Werauhia gigantea (Mart. ex Schuit, f.) J.R.Grant [syn. Vriesea amazonica]
Werauhia gladioliflora (Wendl.) J.R.Grant [syn. Vriesea gladioliflora]
Werauhia hygrometrica (André) J.R.Grant [syn. Vriesea hygrometrica, V. johnstonii]
Werauhia viridiflora (Regel) J.R.Grant [syn. Vriesea viridiflora]
Excluded Taxa
Aechmea megalantha Harms was listed for
French Guiana (Boggan 1992, 1997), probably
based on J.J. de Granville 6741 (CAY, US),
which is a specimen of A. melinonii Hook. This
species was described from cultivation, but its
place of origin is not clear. The color picture
FG
GU
GU
GU, SU, FG
GU
GU?,
GU,
GU,
GU?,
GU
SU, FG
SU, FG
FG
SU, FG
SU, FG
SU, FG
GU
SU, FG
GU
GU
GU, SU, FG
SU
GU, SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU?, SU
GU, SU
GU, SU, FG
GU
GU, SU, FG
GU
GU, SU, FG
GU
FG
GU
GU, SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU
GU
GU
GU, SU, FG
SU, FG
GU, SU, FG
GU
GU
published in Richter (1962) is not A. megalantha
but probably A. tomentosa Mez from Brazil.
Aechmea tillandsioides (Mart. ex Schuit, f.)
Baker var. kienastii (E. Morren ex Mez) L.B.
Sm., treated many times as a synonym of the
typical variety, is not recognized as a distinct
variety for the Flora of the Guianas. The species
seems to be variable in size and composition of
GOUDA: GUIANAS BROMELIACEAE
the inflorescence (from simple to elongate with
many spikes).
Guzmania erythrolepis Brongn. ex Planch.
was listed for French Guiana (Boggan 1992,
1997), likely based on R.C. Ek 162 (CAY, NY,
U), which is actually a specimen of G. melinonis
Regel, or on Sabatier 917 (photo US, not verified), collected in French Guiana in 1984 (Gouda 1987, see note following description of G.
melinonis). Guzmania erythrolepis presently is
known from the Greater Antilles.
Vriesea heterandra (André) L.B. Sm., known
from Colombia to Venezuela and Bolivia, was
listed for Surinam (Boggan 1992, 1997). This is
based on a specimen from Bailey Hortorium
(US, without collector or number), stated to be
collected in Surinam (doubtful!). Lyman Smith
noted on the specimen sheet that hè could not
find any ligules on the petals. The inflorescence
does resemble Tillandsia polystachia (L.) L., but
the plant is more like one of the Tillandsia-like
Vrieseas. It is certainly not V. heterandra (inflorescence digitately compound and flora! bracts
only lepidote near apex), but could be V. crenulipetala (Mez) L.B. Sm., only known from
northern Colombia.
Werauhia ringens (Grisebach) J.R. Grant
[basionym: Vriesea ringens], known from Central America, NW South America and the West
Indies, was listed for Guyana (Boggan 1992 and
1997). This record is probably based on J. J. Pipoly & G. Gharbarran 10165 (US) from Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni, Kaieteur Falls National
Park, trail to Johnson's view, cliff area proceeding S, 360-400 m, 28 Jan. 1987. The specimen
resembles W. ringens, except that the bracts are
relatively short and stiff-coriaceous, and a bracteate peduncle of the apical spike is lacking.
More study on Werauhia has to be done.
Taxa Expected to Occur in the Guianas
Because of their proximity to the borders of
the Guianas, the following taxa may be expected
to occur in Guyana, Surinam, and French Guiana.
Guyana. Aechmea prancei L.B. Sm., Brocchinia tnelanacra L.B. Sm., Bromelia chrysantha Jacq., B. goeldiana L.B. Sm., B. rondoniana
L.B. Sm., Connellia caricifolia L.B. Sm., C. nutans L.B. Sm., Guzmania angustifolia (Baker)
Wittmack, G. brasiliensis Ule, G. steyermarkii
L.B. Sm., Hohenbergia stellata Schuit.f., Lindmania gracillima (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm., L. paludosa L.B. Sm. (=L. guianensisl See Holst
1997), Pitcairnia ctenophylla L.B. Sm., P. heterophylla (Lindl.) Beer, Tillandsia balbisiana
39
Schuit.f., T. compacta Griseb., T. elongata
Kunth var. subimbricata (Baker) L.B. Sm., Mezobromelia capituligera (Griseb.) J.R. Grant
[ = Vriesea capituligera].
Surinam.
Billbergia rosea Hort. ex Beer.
French Guiana. Billbergia brachysiphon
L.B. Sm., Bromelia morreniana (Regel) Mez.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
l thank W. John Kress and the U.S. National
Herbarium staff for their support during my stay
at the Smithsonian Institution and Scott Mori for
his support during my stay at the New York Botanical Garden. I thank Harry Luther for his
opinions about certain problems and Bruce Holst
for his comments on the manuscript. This work
was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian
Institution and from Utrecht University.
LlTERATURE ClTED
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. 1997. Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas
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