Tag Archives: dead nettle

An Unpredictable Tallgrass Spring

“It was one of those March days when the sun shines hot and the wind blows cold: when it is summer in the light and winter in the shade.”—Charles Dickens

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Happy first day of astronomical spring! Snow? Check. Flurries yesterday. Tornadoes? A few down south earlier this month.

Prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis), Blackwell Forest Preserve, Warrenville, IL.

Rain? Check. Sunshine? You bet. How about a day in the 70s? Got it. A plunge into 20 degree territory? Sure.

Prairie kame, Blackwell Forest Preserve, Warrenville, IL.

It’s March. Anything goes. And this year, there are a few surprises. Let’s go for a hike and see what’s happening.

Merrill Loebner magnolia (Magnolia x Loebneri ‘Merrill’), The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL.

This weekend, Jeff and I stopped to admire the magnolias on our way to hike the prairie. Wow.

Star magnolia (Magnolia stellata), The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL.

Some of them were sweetly scented. Others were just lovely to look at. It was a bittersweet enjoyment, with the looming forecast of frigid temperatures dooming them to a short display.

Anise magnolia (Magnolia salicifolia), The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL.

So we made the most of it. When magnolias bloom in Illinois, you must drop whatever you are doing and go see them. There are no guarantees that the fickle finger of fate might not zap them with cold temperatures overnight, and then? Done and gone for the season. So, we tuck their colors and fragrance into our memories until next spring rolls around.

Star magnolia (Magnolia stellata), The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL.

We jump back into the car, and continue on to the prairie. But wait—pull over by that woodland trail—is that Virginia bluebells in bud? A month early? It seems that way.

Virginia bluebells (Mertensia virginica), THe Morton Arboretum, near the Schulenberg Prairie, Lisle, IL.

I spy celandine poppy leaves, but the flowers seem further behind the bluebells. Usually, the native bluebells and native poppies bloom together in this part of the Chicago Region.

Celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum), near the Schulenberg Prairie, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL.

It will be interesting to see if they bloom early as well in this strange spring weather. And there—just across the road, by the Prairie Visitor Station— the non-native dead nettle is in full bloom.

Purple (sometimes called red) dead nettle (Lamium purpureum), Schulenberg Prairie, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Il.

Bright blue squill (Scilla siberica) and its almost-twin, glory of the snow (Chionodoxa forbesii.), carpets the woodlands and infiltrates parts of the prairie savanna. Both are cold-tolerant spring bulbs, which spread by bulb off-shoots and seeding. The squill is a concern for woodland stewards, as it may be invasive. I wonder about the glory of the snow, as well. It’s so abundant! And look at that invasive garlic mustard, coming up amid the Virginia bluebells.

Virginia bluebells (Mertensia virginica), invasive garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), Siberian squill (Scilla siberica) and glory of the snow (Chionodoxa forbesii), The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL.

I have squill in my backyard, and I’m not proud of it. Should I try to eradicate it now? Will it create trouble here in my home landscape by escaping into natural areas? Or is it relatively contained in my suburban setting? The jury is still out. Let me know what you think in the comments.

Meanwhile, the prairie wildflowers are making their move. I love wild bergamot’s magenta seedlings.

Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa), Schulenberg Prairie, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL.

Look at those ferny leaves of Jacob’s ladder, up and reaching toward the sky!

Jacob’s ladder (Polemonium reptans), Schulenberg Prairie, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL.

Virginia waterleaf is already sporting its namesake leaves.

Virginia waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum), Schulenberg Prairie, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL.

And the bloodroot is in full bloom! I love how it comes up with the leaf wrapped around the bloom stem.

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), The Morton Arboretum, near the Schulenberg Prairie, Lisle, IL.

On our way home, I notice that the fig buttercup (Ficaria verna)—sometimes called lesser celandine— is in full bloom on the edges of a local forest preserve that borders a nearby subdivision. This is a terribly invasive non-native plant; difficult to remove, and usually dealt with by spraying herbicide. I’ve watched it gradually take over the wet areas by the subdivision road over the past several years.

Lesser celandine/fig buttercup (Ficaria verna) on the edge of Willowbrook Forest Preserve, Glen Ellyn, IL.

Most years, lesser celandine blooms at the same time as my native marsh marigolds. When I arrive at home, I see the first marsh marigold blooms around my little backyard pond. Soon, they’ll be a ring of gold.

Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris), Crosby’s backyard, Glen Ellyn, IL.

The two wildflowers are often confused. But, if you flip them over, you’ll see the three or four yellow-green sepals on the back of the lesser celandine…

Lesser celandine/fig buttercup (Ficaria verna), Willowbrook Forest Preserve, Glen Ellyn, IL.

…while the back of the marsh marigold is just greenish yellow.

Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris), Crosby’s backyard, Glen Ellyn, IL.

Ah, spring. There’s so much to investigate. So much to learn. So much to enjoy.

Are you ready for it? Let’s get outside.

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Charles Dickens (1812-1870), whose quote opens today’s blog post, is regarded by many as the greatest Victorian novelist. Some of his writings include A Christmas Carol, Great Expectations, and David Copperfield.

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Join Cindy for a program or class this spring:

Wednesdays, March 20, March 27, and April 3), 9-noon, —“Prairie Gardens for the Home Landscape” hosted by The Morton Arboretum in Lisle, IL. (In Person) (Previously sold out—but just added two additional spots—call (630) 968-0074 to register).

Friday, March 29, 10-11:30am—“Dragonflies and Damselflies: The Garden’s Frequent Fliers,” presented by Gardeners of the Shores, 64 Old Barn Rd, Barrington, IL. Free and open to the public.

Thursday, April 4, 7-8:30 p.m. —“Dragonflies and Damselflies: The Garden’s Frequent Fliers,” presented by Roselle Park Garden Club, Roselle, IL. Free and open to the public. More information here.

Tuesday, April 9, 7:30-9 p.m.—“Illinois’ Wild and Wonderful Early Bloomers,” for the Northwest Audubon Society Annual Banquet, Highland Community College, Freeport, IL. Banquet begins at 6 p.m.. For ticket and registration information, visit here.

Friday, April 19, 8-9 p.m.–“Dragonflies and Damselflies: The Garden’s Frequent Fliers,” presented by the Midwest Pond and Koi Society.” White Fence Farm, Romeoville, IL. Optional dinner before the program; program is free and open to the public, but please visit here for more information.

More programs and events at cindycrosby.com.

Wings and Stings in the Prairie Garden

“Even as the people changed the prairie, it changed them.” —John Madson

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You know the old saying, “Grasp the nettle?”

Don’t do it.

Slender stinging nettle (Urtica gracilis), Crosby’s backyard, Glen Ellyn, IL.

I’ve always believed in facing tough issues head on. I like to get the worst over with. That’s what this popular phrase always meant to me. But I’ll never hear “grasp the nettle” in the same way again after this week’s encounter. The story goes like this… .

April 9, I delighted in a red admiral butterfly—the first of the year!—on an unknown plant which showed up by my back door this spring. A friend mentioned the pretty leaves looked like stinging nettles. How cool, I thought. The word “stinging” sort of went right over my head. Another acquaintance noted that nettles are a host plant for several butterflies, but! I should be sure and wear gloves if I touched the plant.

Red admiral butterfly (Vanessa atalanta) on slender stinging nettle (Urtica gracilis), Crosby’s backyard, Glen Ellyn, IL. The purple flowering plant in the left-hand corner is the non-native dead nettle (Lamium purpureum), no relation.

All I heard was “butterflies.” Illinois Wildflowers notes that in addition to the red admiral butterfly, the comma butterfly…

Eastern comma butterfly (Polygonia comma), The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. (2022)

…the question mark butterfly…

Question mark butterfly (Polygonia interrogationis), Nachusa Grasslands, Franklin Grove, IL. (2014)

…and the Milbert’s tortoiseshell butterfly all use this plant. I love butterfly host plants! What’s not to like? Well.

Fast forward five weeks from that April sighting. Monday night, I decided to check the plants for caterpillars. Yes! There they were. Excited, I pried back the rolled leaves. One caterpillar… three… six… . It was about then when I realized I had made a mistake. It felt as if red hot needles were searing my fingers! As I read later, the hairs on the stinging nettle leaves shoot irritants directly into your skin.

Googling quickly, my husband Jeff and I read that soap and water will alleviate some of the pain of stinging nettles. Even better—sticking duct tape to the affected area and ripping it off will supposedly remove some of the plant’s chemicals. We gave it a go. It did help.

Duct tape is evidently a magical cure for just about anything.

I’ve gardened since I was six years old, so how did I miss stinging nettles? This was my first—and hopefully my last—up close and personal experience with them. On the happy side, we have lots of red admiral caterpillars, in what appear to be their third or fourth instar.

Red admiral butterfly caterpillar (Vanessa atalanta) on slender stinging nettle (Urtica gracilis), Crosby’s backyard, Glen Ellyn, IL.

Each caterpillar has rolled itself into a nettle leaf for shelter, almost like a half-open cannoli. The leaves are partially eaten away. Tiny black balls of frass—otherwise known as insect poop—stay in the leaf with the caterpillars. Can you spot the frass in the photo above?

Ted Scott, a Utah butterfly expert, says that as soon as one leaf is mostly consumed, the red admiral caterpillars will move to a different leaf for another meal.

Red admiral butterfly caterpillar (Vanessa atalanta) on slender stinging nettle (Urtica gracilis), Crosby’s backyard, Glen Ellyn, IL.

Before long, Scott notes, the caterpillars should form chrysalises. He documents the process here—take a look.

If I look for chrysalises later this month, I’ll be more careful. The genus “Urtica” (from the Latin) is variously said to mean “to sting” or “to burn.” I can vouch for this.

As I nursed my painful skin, I read that nettles have a rich history in literature. In Hans Christian Anderson’s fairy tale, The Wild Swans, the princess must weave or knit shirts from nettles while staying silent to save her 11 brothers.

From Fairy Tales Told to Children, 1838, Denmark.

She looks pretty calm in that picture above. I’m impressed she could do the work without shouting.

I also discovered that some species of nettles are also used in textile work, resulting in a surprisingly soft cloth. Other species have been used medicinally, and by foragers in culinary dishes. Prepared carefully, I would assume. English poet Aaron Hill had a popular poem “Nettle” in the 1700s which began, “Tender handed, stroke a nettle, and it stings you for your pains… .” He sounds like he knows what he’s writing about.

Is the stinging nettle a blessing? Or a curse? I may need to place yellow crime scene tape around the nettles by our back door to keep unwary visitors from touching the plant. Not very attractive. Should I keep the nettles? As a native plant lover, I’ve never had a dilemma quite like this one. Even if these nettles are a native, like my golden alexanders…

Golden alexanders (Zizia aurea), Crosby’s front yard, Glen Ellyn, IL.

…or my just-about-to-bloom prairie alumroot…

Prairie alumroot (Heuchera richardsonii), Crosby’s backyard, Glen Ellyn, IL.

…stinging nettles are tougher sell. I will probably let the caterpillars use the plants this spring. After that? I’m not sure I want to risk another encounter. What do you think?

Of course, long after the pain is forgotten, won’t the red admiral butterflies be wonderful to see?

Red admiral butterfly caterpillar (Vanessa atalanta), Nachusa Grasslands, Franklin Grove, IL. (2021)

Worth the stings.

I think.

But next time I look for caterpillars on nettles, I’m wearing gloves.

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The opening quote is from John Madson (1923-1995), once editor of Iowa Conservationist magazine and journalist for the Des Moines Register. His classic book, Where the Sky Began (1982) remains a touchstone for prairie stewards everywhere. This quote is taken from a collection of his essays, Our Home. (1979). Read a longer excerpt in John T. Price’s wonderful collection of essays, The Tallgrass Prairie Reader (2014).

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Join Cindy for a program or class!

Dragonflies and Damselflies: Frequent Fliers of the Garden and Prairie, Tuesday, May 16, 10-11:30 CT via Zoom with the Garden Club of Decatur, IL (closed event for members). For information on joining the club, visit here.

The Tallgrass Prairie: An Introduction–on National Prairie Day! Saturday, June 3, 1-2:30 p.m. CT, Sterling Farmer’s Market (at the Pavilion) in Sterling, IL. Free and open to the public. Indoors in case of rain.

Literary Gardens Online –-Wednesday, June 7, 7-8:15 p.m. CT, Bensenville Public Library, Bensenville, IL, via Zoom. Free but you must register to receive the link (participation may be limited to first sign ups). For more information and to register, contact the library at 630-766-4642.

“In Conversation Online with Robin Wall Kimmerer,” June 21, 2023, 7-8 pm CT via Zoom. Brought to you by “Illinois Libraries Present.” Number of registrations available may be limited, so register here soon.

Beginning Dragonfly and Damselfly ID — Friday, June 23, 8:30am-12:30 pm CT, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. Registration coming soon.

More classes and programs at www.cindycrosby.com