Determined according to the botanical key provided in The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski, 1995).
Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Distribution: Native from Northwest Europe to the Mediterranean, Ukraine and Caucasus according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Grasslands, edges of woods, roadsides.
Flowering period: Summer – early fall: JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP.
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – habit. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – habit. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – habit. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – habit. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – habit. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – habit. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – habit. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – inflorescences with flowers and fruits. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – inflorescences with flowers and fruits. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – flower and flower buds. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – flowers. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – flower. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – flower. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – flowers. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – flower. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – calyx of flower. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – calyx of flower. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – calyx of flower. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – fruits. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – fruits. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – fruits. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – fruits. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – fruit. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – fruit. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaf. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaves. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – lower part of plant – stems with leaves. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – stems with leaves. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaves. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaves. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaf. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaves. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaf. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaf. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaf. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaf. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – leaf. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra – size of fruit. Scale in mm. Osogovo, near village of Preseka, 04.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Micevski, V. (1995). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 3. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
