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Regulation of Phytochemical Properties of Hawthorn: A Crataegus Species

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Genetic Manipulation of Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plant

Part of the book series: Interdisciplinary Biotechnological Advances ((IBA))

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Abstract

Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a shrub or small tree that originates from Asia, North America, and Europe within the Crataegus genus. This genus comprises over 1000 species and belongs to the Rosaceae’s subfamily, Maloideae. Throughout centuries, hawthorn has been utilized for its medicinal properties, which can be attributed to its rich concentration of phytochemicals. A global examination of hawthorn has uncovered the existence of diverse advantageous components like flavonoids, titerpenoids, procyanidins, and phenolic acids. These compounds are responsible for the pharmacological activities associated with hawthorn. The fruits and leaves of hawthorn have been recognized for their medicinal properties, primarily as cardiotonic, antispasmodic, hypotensive, diuretic, and atherosclerotic agents. Crataegus fruits are abundant in phenolic compounds, known for their various biological activities, and have been traditionally utilized for medicinal purposes. Renowned antioxidant compounds such as hyperoside, isoquercetin, epicatechin, cholorogenic acid, quercetin, rutin, and protocatechuic aids are abundant in these fruits and leaves, which are rich in phenolic components. Consequently, Crataegus is recognized as a valuable natural source of antioxidant. To obtain a comprehensive comprehension of the medicinal uses of hawthorn for addressing diverse health-related concerns, further investigation is necessary. Research findings have indicated that hawthorn possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, and lipid-lowering characteristics. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of hawthorn in combating different health complications. Additionally, it improves myocardial contractility and enhances blood circulation. Clinical studies have demonstrated that hawthorn extracts can alleviate symptoms of heart failure and angina, reduce blood pressure, and enhance lipid profiles. As a result, hawthorn shows promise as a natural remedy for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, additional exploration is required to unveil the exact mechanisms of operation, ascertain the ideal dosage, and create appropriate formulations for the utilization of hawthorn.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Jauhar Rafeeq, Vaishnu Dutt, Megna Rashid & Oyais Ahmad Wagay

  2. Examination Centre SKUAST-K, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    K. N. Qaisar

  3. Division of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    P. A. Khan

  4. KVK, Pulwama, SKUAST-K, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    J. A. Mugloo

  5. Division of Forest Products and Utilization, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Amerjeet Singh, A. R. Malik & Tahir Mushtaq

  6. Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Irshad Hassan

  7. ICAR Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Javid Iqbal Mir

  8. Division of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Sadaf Fayaz & Asma Sultan

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  1. Jauhar Rafeeq
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  1. Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar, India

    Ravi Singh

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India

    Nitish Kumar

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Rafeeq, J. et al. (2023). Regulation of Phytochemical Properties of Hawthorn: A Crataegus Species. In: Singh, R., Kumar, N. (eds) Genetic Manipulation of Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plant. Interdisciplinary Biotechnological Advances. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4939-7_8

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