Zusammenfassung
Auf wechselnde Umweltbedingungen an ihren Wuchsstandorten müssen Bäume mit ihrer ökophysiologischen und morphologischen Anpassungsfähigkeit reagieren, die sich auf deren genetische Ausstattung gründet. Sowohl die Bodeneigenschaften als auch das Klima beeinflussen die physiologischen Prozesse von der Blatt- bis zur Baumebene. Grundlage für das schnelle Wachstum und die hohe Biomasseproduktivität der Agrargehölze ist die Photosynthese und die hohe Anpassungsfähigkeit an sich ändernde Umweltbedingungen. Dabei ist zu bedenken, dass die Photosynthese die Voraussetzung für das Wachstum ist, aber diese nicht das Wachstum antreibt. Interaktionen zwischen dem Bedarf an Assimilation für die Wachstumsprozesse („sinks“) und dem Angebot („source“) steuern den Kohlenstoffhaushalt der Pflanzen. Zudem ist das Angebot von Ressourcen (Wasser, Nährstoffe, Licht) eine unverzichtbare Voraussetzung für die Wachstumsprozesse. Das Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über die ökophysiologischen Anpassungen der Photosynthese, des Wasserhaushaltes und der Pflanzenernährung der schnellwachsenden Baumarten und deren Bedeutung für das Wachstum und die Kohlenstoffallokation. Zudem werden die Grundlagen für die Modellierung der Biomasseproduktion und des Kohlenstoffhaushaltes vom Blatt bis zum Bestand vorgestellt.
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Veste, M., Pflugmacher, C., Hartmann, H., Schlepphorst, R., Murach, D. (2018). Ökophysiologie der Agrargehölze – vom Blatt zum Bestand. In: Veste, M., Böhm, C. (eds) Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_7
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