Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ecophysiology of Campos Rupestres Plants

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ecology and Conservation of Mountaintop grasslands in Brazil

Abstract

Campos rupestres are rocky seasonally-dry environments that occur over mountaintops in central Brazil. Plant growth is limited and prone to fire during the dry winter, and soils are severely nutrient-impoverished. Plants in these habitats exhibit a wide range of strategies to cope with these limitations. Campos rupestres plants show different rooting depths, according to plant habit and substrate. Water status in plants varies between stable water potentials in isohydric species to water potentials changing according to air humidity in anisohydric plants, some of them being dessication-tolerant and dormant during the dry season (resurrection plants). Carbon assimilation in the dry season is therefore limited by water availability, especially in dessication-tolerant species. A wide variety of mineral nutrition strategies allow effective nutrient acquisition in campos rupestres: mycorrhizas, non-mycorrhizal sand-binding root specializations, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, carnivory, parasitism. The incidence of natural fires may have played a role in the ecological and evolutionary processes that have molded the current flora of campos rupestres, as well as the occurrence of specific functional traits in these habitats. Unveiling the relative importance and prevalence of in situ adaptation and adaptive divergence in the lineages that diversified in campos rupestres will allow us to further discuss mechanisms related to trait evolution and adaptive radiation in campos rupestres.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abrahão A, Lambers H, Sawaya ACHF, Mazzafera P, Oliveira RS (2014) Convergence of a specialized root trait in plants from nutrient-impoverished soils: phosphorus-acquisition strategy in a nonmycorrhizal cactus. Oecologia 176:345–355

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aerts R, Chapin FS (2000) The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: a re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Adv Ecol Res 30:1–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alcantara S, Mello-Silva R, Teodoro GS, Drequeceler K, Ackerly DD, Oliveira RS (2015) Carbon assimilation and habitat segregation in resurrection plants: a comparison between desiccation- and non-desiccation-tolerant species of Neotropical Velloziaceae (Pandanales). Funct Ecol. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12462

    Google Scholar 

  • Almeida-Abreu PA, Pflug R (1994) The geodynamic evolution of the southern Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Zentralbl Geol Paläontol Teil 2 Hist Geol Paläontol 1:21–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Alpert P (2000) The discovery, scope, and puzzle of desiccation tolerance in plants. Plant Ecol 151:5–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alpert P (2006) Constraints of tolerance: why are desiccation-tolerant organisms so small or rare? J Exp Biol 209:1575–1584

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alves RJ, Silva NG (2011) O fogo é sempre um vilão nos campos rupestres? Biodivers Bras 1:120–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Alves RJV, da Silva NG, Fernandes Júnior AJ, Guimarães AR (2013) Longevity of the Brazilian underground tree Jacaranda decurrens Cham. An Acad Bras Cienc 85:671–678

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alves RJV, Silva NG, Oliveira JA, Medeiros D (2014) Circumscribing campo rupestre—megadiverse Brazilian rocky montane savanas. Braz J Biol 74:355–362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amaral MM, Ceccantini G (2011) The endoparasite Pilostyles ulei (Apodanthaceae—Curcubitales) influences wood structure in three host species of Mimosa. IAWA J 32:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrade MJG, Giulietti AM, Rapini A, de Queiroz LP, Conceição AS, de Almeida PRM, van den Berg C (2010) A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of Eriocaulaceae: evidence from nuclear ITS and plastid psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF DNA sequences. Taxon 59:379–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonelli A, Verola CF, Parisod C, Gustafsson ALS (2010) Climate cooling promoted the expansion and radiation of a threatened group of South American orchids (Epidendroideae: Laeliinae). Biol J Linn Soc 100:597–607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Appezzato-da-Glória B (2003) Morfologia de sistemas subterrâneos. Histórico e evolução do conhecimento no Brasil. Alexandre Sene Pinto, Ribeirão Preto

    Google Scholar 

  • Appezzato-da-Glória B, Cury G, Soares MKM, Rocha R, Hayashi AH (2008) Underground systems of Asteraceae species from the Brazilian Cerrado. J Torrey Bot Soc 135:103–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Araújo KS (2014) Eficiência simbiotica e identificação de estirpes de Burkholderia oriundas de campos rupestres. Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Lavras

    Google Scholar 

  • Araya YN, Silvertown J, Gowing DJ, McConway GJ, Linder HP, Midgley G (2011) A fundamental, eco-hydrological basis for niche segregation in plant communities. New Phytol 189:253–258

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arruda R, Fadini RF, Carvalho LN, Del-Claro K, Mourão FA, Jacobi CM, Teodoro GS, van den Berg C, Caires CS, Dettke GA (2012) Ecology of neotropical mistletoes: an important canopy-dwelling component of Brazilian ecosystems. Acta Bot Bras 26:264–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Ataíde ES, Castro PTA, Fernandes GW (2011) Florística e caracterização de uma área de campo ferruginoso no Complexo Minerário Alegria, Serra de Antônio Pereira, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rev Arv 35:1265–1275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baêta HE (2012) Contribuição da deposição úmida (chuva e neblina) nas relações hídricas e nutricionais de fisionomias de campos ferruginosos na Serra da Brígida, Ouro Preto, MG. Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa AR, Fiorini CF, Silva-Pereira V, Mello-Silva R, Borba EL (2012) Geographical genetic structuring and phenotypic variation in the Vellozia hirsuta (Velloziaceae) ochlospecies complex. Am J Bot 99:1477–1488

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bell TL, Pate JS, Dixon KW (1996) Relationships between fire response, morphology, root anatomy and starch distribution in South-West Australian Epacridaceae. Ann Bot 77:357–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benites VDM, Caiafa AN, de Mendonça ES, Schaefer CE, Ker JC (2003) Solos e vegetação nos complexos rupestres de altitude da Mantiqueira e do Espinhaço. Flor Ambient 10:76–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Benites VDM, de Sá Mendonça E, Schaefer CEGR, Schaefer CEGR, Novotny EH, Reis EL, Ker JC (2005) Properties of black soil humic acids from high altitude rocky complexes in Brazil. Geoderma 127:104–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benites VDM, Schaefer CEGR, Simas FNB, Santos HG (2007) Soils associated with rock outcrops in the Brazilian mountain ranges Mantiqueira and Espinhaço. Rev Bras Bot 30:569–577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benzing DH (1987) The origin and rarity of botanical carnivory. Trends Ecol Evol 2:364–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bitencourt C, Rapini A (2013) Centres of endemism in the Espinhaço range: identifying cradles and museums of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae). Syst Biodiv 11:525–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borba EL, Felix JM, Solferini VN, Semir J (2001) Fly-pollinated Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae) species have high genetic variability: evidence from isozyme markers. Am J Bot 88:419–428

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourguignon T, ŠObotnÍK JAN, Lepoint G, Martin J-M, Hardy OJ, Dejean A, Roisin Y (2011) Feeding ecology and phylogenetic structure of a complex neotropical termite assemblage, revealed by nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Ecol Entomol 36:261–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw SD, Dixon KW, Hopper SD, Lambers H, Turner SR (2011) Little evidence for fire-adapted plant traits in Mediterranean climate regions. Trends Plant Sci 16:69–76

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brum M Jr (2013) Partição de recursos hídricos em comunidades vegetais de campo rupestre e campo de altitude no Sudeste brasileiro—Brasil. Dissertation, University of Campinas

    Google Scholar 

  • Brundrett MC (2009) Mycorrhizal associations and other means of nutrition of vascular plants: understanding the global diversity of host plants by resolving conflicting information and developing reliable means of diagnosis. Plant Soil 320:37–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buée M, Vairelles D, Garbaye J (2005) Year-round monitoring of diversity and potential metabolic activity of the ectomycorrhizal community in a beech (Fagus silvatica) forest subjected to two thinning regimes. Mycorrhiza 15:235–245

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell MM, Dawson TE, Richards JH (1998) Hydraulic lift: consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants. Oecol 113:151–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmo FF, Sousa E, Fonseca FC, Ribeiro LC (2007) Jacobi CM (2007) Recrutamento pós-fogo em dois habitats de um campo rupestre ferruginoso (canga) na Serra da Moeda. Anais do VIII Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil, Caxambu, MG. In

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapin FS, Schulze ED, Mooney HA (1990) The ecology and economics of storage in plants. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 21:423–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conceição AA, Orr BJ (2012) Post-fire flowering and fruiting in Vellozia sincorana, a caulescent rosette plant endemic to Northeast Brazil. Act Bot Bras 26:94–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conceição AA, Pirani JR (2005) Delimitação de habitats em campos rupestres na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia: substratos, composição florística e aspectos estruturais. Bol Bot USP 23:85–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conceição AA, Pirani JR, Meirelles ST (2007) Floristics, structure and soil of insular vegetation in four quartzite-sandstone outcrops of “Chapada Diamantina”, Northeast Brazil. Braz J Bot 30:641–656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coutinho LM (1990) Fire in the ecology of the Brazilian Cerrado. In: Goldammer JG (ed) Fire in the tropical biota: ecosystem, processes and global challenges. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 82–105

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Coutinho LM, Miranda HS, Morais HC (2002) O Bioma do Cerrado e o fogo I. Caracterização. Série Cien Amb 20:1–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Coutinho ES, Fernandes GW, Berbara RLL, Valério HM, Goto BT (2015) Variation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities along an altitudinal gradient in rupestrian grasslands in Brazil. Mycorrhiza. doi:10.1007/s00572-015-0636-5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damour G, Simonneau T, Cochard H, Urban L (2010) An overview of models of stomatal conductance at the leaf level. Plant Cell Environ 33:1419–1438

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Carvalho F, de Souza FA, Carrenho R, Moreira FMS, Jesus EC, Fernandes GW (2012) The mosaic of habitats in the high-altitude Brazilian rupestrian fields is a hotspot for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Appl Soil Ecol 52:9–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Oliveira M (1963) Chromatographic isolation of monofluoroacetic acid from Palicourea marcgravii St. Hil. Experientia 19:586–587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Souza A, de Moraes MG, Ribeiro RDCLF (2005) Gramíneas do cerrado: carboidratos não-estruturais e aspectos ecofisiológicos. Acta Bot Bras 19:81–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich RC, Bengough AG, Jones HG, White PJ (2012) A new physical interpretation of plant root capacitance. J Exp Bot 63:6149–6159

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Drummond CS, Eastwood RJ, Miotto STS, Hughes CE (2012) Multiple continental radiations and correlates of diversification in Lupinus (Leguminosae): testing for key innovations with incomplete taxon sampling. Syst Biol 61:443–460

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dutra VF, Garcia FCP (2014) Mimosa L. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) dos campos rupestres de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Iheringia 69:49–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Echternacht L, Trovó M, Oliveira CT, Pirani JR (2011) Areas of endemism in the Espinhaço range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Flora 206:782–791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eiten G (1990) Vegetação. In: Pinto MN (ed) Cerrado: Caracterização, Ocupação e Perspectivas. Editora Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, pp 9–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellison A (2006) Nutrient limitation and stoichiometry of carnivorous plants. Plant Biol 8:740–747

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1998) World soil resources report 84. FAO/ISRIC/ISSS, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes GW, Barbosa NP, Negreiros D, Paglia AP (2014) Challenges for the conservation of vanishing megadiverse rupestrian grasslands. Nat Conserv 12:162–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira MMAA, Conceição AA (2012) Alocação preferencial de recursos e morfologia de órgãos subterrâneos em plantas resistentes ao fogo em vegetação campestre. Sitientibus 12:143–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira FM, Forzza RC (2009) Florística e caracterização da vegetação da Toca dos Urubus, Baependi, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Biota Neotrop 9:131–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiaschi P, Pirani JR (2009) Review of plant biogeographic studies in Brazil. J Syst Evol 47:477–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fidelis A, Müller SC, Pillar VDP, Pfadenhauer J (2010) Population biology and regeneration of forbs and shrubs after fire in Brazilian Campos grasslands. Plant Ecol 211:107–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Figueira JEC (1998) Dinâmica de populações de Paepalanthus polyanthus (Eriocaulaceae) na Serra do Cipó, MG. PhD Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas

    Google Scholar 

  • Filella I, Peñuelas J (2003) Partitioning of water and nitrogen in co-occurring species of a mediterranean shrubland. Oecologia 137:51–61

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • French JRJ, Turner GL, Bradbury JF (1976) Nitrogen fixation by bacteria from the hindgut of termites. J Gen Microbiol 95:202–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritsch PW, Almeda F, Renner SS, Martins AB, Cruz BC (2004) Phylogeny and circumscription of the near-endemic Brazilian tribe Microlicieae (Melastomataceae). Am J Bot 91:1105–1114

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fritsch PW, Almeda F, Martins AB, Cruz BC, Estes D (2007) Rediscovery and phylogenetic placement of Philcoxia minensis (Plantaginaceae), with a test of carnivory. Proc Calif Acad Sci 58:447–467

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaff DF (1987) Desiccation tolerant plants in South America. Oecol 74:133–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaff DF, Oliver M (2013) The evolution of desiccation tolerance in Angiosperm plants: a rare yet common phenomenon. Funct Plant Biol 40:315–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia RJF, Longhi-Wagner HM, Pirani JR, Meirelles ST (2009) A contribution to the phytogeography of Brazilian campos: an analysis based on Poaceae. Braz J Bot 32:703–713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia PM, Asega AF, Silva E, Carvalho MA (2011) Effect of drought and re-watering on fructan metabolism in Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby. Plant Physiol Biochem 49:664–670

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giulietti AM, Pirani JR (1988) Patterns of geographic distribution of some plant species from the Espinhaço range, Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil. In: Vanzolini PE, Heyer WR (eds) Proceedings of a workshop on neotropical distribution patterns. Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro, pp 39–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Giulietti AM, Pirani JR, Harley RM (1997) Espinhaço range region, eastern Brazil. In: Davis SD et al (eds) Centres of plant diversity: a guide and strategy for their conservation, vol 3. WWF/IUCN, Cambridge, pp 397–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Giulietti AM, Harley RM, de Queiroz LP, Wanderley MGL, van den Berg C (2005) Biodiversity and conservation of plants in Brazil. Cons Biol 19:632–639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Givnish TJ (1989) Ecology and evolution of carnivorous plants. In: Abrahamson WG (ed) Plant-animal interactions. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 243–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Givnish TJ (2015) Adaptive radiation versus ‘radiation’ and ‘explosive diversification’: why conceptual distinctions are fundamental to understanding evolution. New Phytol 2:297–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Givnish TJ, Burkhardt EL, Happel RE, Weintraub JD (1984) Carnivory in the bromeliad Brocchinia reducta, with a cost/benefit model for the general restriction of carnivorous plants to sunny, moist, nutrient-poor habitats. Am Nat 124:479–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Givnish TJ, McDiarmid RW, Buck WR (1986) Fire adaptation in Neblinaria (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui. Oecol 70:481–485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Givnish TJ, Pires JC, Graham SW, McPherson MC, Prince LM, Rai HS, Patterson TB, Roalson EH, Evans TM, Hahn WJ, Millam KC, Meerow AW, Molvray M, Kores PJ, O’Brien HE, Hall JC, Kress WJ, Sytsma KJ (2006) Phylogenetic relationships of monocots based on the highly informative plastid gene ndhF: evidence for widespread concerted convergence. Aliso 22:28–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser B (2007) Prehistorically modified soils of central Amazonia: a model for sustainable agriculture in the twenty-first century. Phil Trans Roy Soc B 362:187–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glatzel G, Geils BW (2009) Mistletoe ecophysiology: host-parasite interactions. Bot 87:10–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomes AL, Fernandes GW (1994) Influence of parasitism by Pilostyles ingae (Rafflesiaceae) on its host-plant, Mimosa naguirei (Leguminosae). Ann Bot 74:205–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomes FCO, Safar SVB, Marques AR, Medeiros AO, Santos ARO, Carvalho C, Lachance MC, Sampaio JP, Rosa CA (2014) The diversity and extracellular enzymatic activities of yeasts isolated from water tanks of Vriesea minarum, an endangered bromeliad species in Brazil, and the description of Occultifur brasiliensis f.a., sp. nov. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 107:597–611

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottsberger G, Silberbauer-Gottsberger I (2006) Life in the Cerrado, a South American tropical seasonal ecosystem, vol 1: Origin, structure, dynamics and plant use. Reta Verlag, Ulm

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould SJ, Vrba ES (1982) Exaptation—a missing term in the science of form. Paleobiol 8:4–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Güsewell S (2004) N: P Ratios in terrestrial plants: variation and functional significance. New Phytol 164:243–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haridasan M (2008) Nutritional adaptations of native plants of the cerrado biome in acid soils. Braz J Plant Physiol 20:183–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harley RM (1988) Evolution and distribution of Eriope (Labiatae), and its relatives, in Brazil. In: Vanzolini PE, Heyer WR (eds) Proceedings of a workshop on neotropical distribution patterns. Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro, pp 71–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes P, Turner BL, Lambers H, Laliberté E (2014) Foliar nutrient concentrations and resorption efficiency in plants of contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies along a 2-million-year dune chronosequence. J Ecol 102:396–410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hopper SD (2009) OCBIL theory: towards an integrated understanding of the evolution, ecology and conservation of biodiversity on old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes. Plant Soil 322:49–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson PC, Meinzer FC, Bustamante M, Goldstein G, Franco A, Rundel PW, Caldas L, Igler E, Causin F (1999) Partitioning of soil water among tree species in a Brazilian Cerrado ecosystem. Tree Physiol 19:717–724

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobi CM, Do Carmo FF, Vincent RC, Stehmann JR (2007) Plant communities on ironstone outcrops: a diverse and endangered Brazilian ecosystem. Biodiv Cons 16:2185–2200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobi CM, Carmo FF, Vincent RC (2008) Estudo fitossociológico de uma comunidade vegetal sobre canga como subsídio para a reabilitação de áreas mineradas no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, MG. Rev Arv 32:345–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jesus FF, Solferini VN, Semir J, Prado PI (2001) Local genetic differentiation in Proteopsis argentea (Asteraceae), a perennial herb endemic in Brazil. Plant Syst Evol 226:59–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jesus FF, Abreu AG, Semir J, Prado PI (2009) Low genetic diversity but local genetic differentiation in endemic Minasia (Asteraceae) species from Brazil. Plant Syst Evol 277:187–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joaquim EDO, de Figueirado-Ribeiro RCL, Hayashi AH, de Carvalho MAM (2014) Inulin contents and tissue distribution in storage underground organs of Asteraceae from the Brazilian rocky fields. Bot 92:827–836

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joly AB (1970) Conheça a vegetação brasileira. EDUSP e Polígono, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan GJ, Weston PH, Carpenter RJ, Dillon RA, Brodribb TJ (2008) The evolutionary relations of sunken, covered, and encrypted stomata to dry habitats in Proteaceae. Am J Bot 95:521–530

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krebs H, Kemmerling W, Habermehl G (1994) Qualitative and quantitative determination of fluoroacetic acid in Arrabidea bilabiata and Palicourea marcgravii by 19F-NMR spectroscopy. Toxicon 32:909–913

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuijt J (1969) The biology of parasitic plants. University of California Press, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Cramer MD, Shane MW, Wouterlood M, Veneklaas EJ (2003) Structure and functioning of cluster roots and plant responses to phosphate deficiency. Plant Soil 248:693–713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Shane MW, Cramer MD, Pearse SJ, Veneklaas EJ (2006) Root structure and functioning for efficient acquisition of phosphorus: matching morphological and physiological traits. Ann Bot 98:693–713

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Chapin FS, Pons TL (2008a) Plant physiological ecology. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Raven JA, Shaver GR, Smith SE (2008b) Plant nutrient-acquisition strategies change with soil age. Trends Ecol Evol 23:95–103

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Brundrett MC, Raven JA, Hopper SD (2010) Plant mineral nutrition in ancient landscapes: high plant species diversity on infertile soils is linked to functional diversity for nutritional strategies. Plant Soil 334:11–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Ahmedi I, Berkowitz O, Lambers H, Ahmedi I, Berkowitz O, Dunne C, Finnegan PM, Hardy GEStJ, Jost R, Laliberté E, Pearse SJ, Teste FP (2013) Phosphorus nutrition of phosphorus-sensitive Australian native plants: threats to plant communities in a global biodiversity hotspot. Cons Physiol 1:cot010

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Clements JC, Nelson MN (2013b) How a phosphorus-acquisition strategy based on carboxylate exudation powers the success and agronomic potential of lupines (Lupinus, Fabaceae). Am J Bot 100:263–288

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Colmer TD, Hassiotou F, Mitchell PM, Poot P, Shane MW, Veneklaas EJ (2014) Carbon and water relations. In: Lambers H (ed) Plant life on the sandplains in southwest Australia, a global biodiversity hotspot. UWA Publishing, Crawley

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Hayes PE, Laliberté E, Oliveira RS, Turner BL (2015) Leaf manganese accumulation and phosphorus-acquisition efficiency. Trends Plant Sci 20:83–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert SM, Borba EL, Machado MC (2006) Allozyme diversity and morphometrics of the endangered Melocactus glaucescens (Cactaceae), and investigation of the putative hybrid origin of Melocactus × albicephalus (Melocactus ernestii × M. glaucescens) in north-eastern Brazil. Plant Spec 21:93–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landeweert R, Hoffland E, Finlay RD, Kuyper TW, Van Breemen N (2001) Linking plants to rocks: ectomycorrhizal fungi mobilize nutrients from minerals. Trends Ecol Evol 16:248–254

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Le Stradic S (2012) Composition, phenology and restoration of campo rupestre mountain grasslands-Brazil. PhD Thesis, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Avignon and Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Stradic S, Silveira FAO, Buisson E, Cazelles K, Carvalho V, Fernandes GW (2015) Diversity of germination strategies and seed dormancy in herbaceous species of campo rupestre grasslands. Aust Ecol 40:537–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee ST, Cook D, Riet-Correa F, Pfister JA, Anderson WR, Lima FG, Gardner DR (2012) Detection of monofluoroacetate in Palicourea and Amorimia species. Toxicon 60:791–796

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lemes FOA (2009) Relações florísticas, fitossociológicas e aspectos edáficos de comunidades de campos rupestres da Serra do Itacolomi e Serra de Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais. Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

    Google Scholar 

  • Linder HP (2003) The radiation of the Cape flora, southern Africa. Biol Rev 78:597–638

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Litsios G, Wüest RO, Kostikova A, Forest F, Lexer C, Linder HP, Pearman PB, Zimmermann NE, Salamin N (2013) Effects of a fire response trait on diversification in replicated radiations. Evol 68:453–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lopes-Mattos KLB, Azevedo AA, Soares AA, Meira RMSA (2013) Underground system of Mandevilla atroviolacea (Stadelm.) Woodson (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae) from the Brazilian high-altitude grassland. South Afr J Bot 87:27–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Losos JB (2011) Convergent, adaptation, and constraint. Evol 65:1827–1840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Louille B, Semir J, Lohmann LG, Pirani JR (2015) A phylogenetic analysis of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) based on molecular and morphological data. Syst Bot 40:299–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lovo J, Winkworth RC, Mello-Silva R (2012) New insights into Trimezieae (Iridaceae) phylogeny: what do molecular data tell us? Ann Bot 110:689–702

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lusa MG, Cardoso EC, Machado SR, Appezzato-da-Glória B (2014a) Trichomes related to an unusual method of water retention and protection of the stem apex in an arid zone perennial species. AoB Plants plu088

    Google Scholar 

  • Lusa MG, Appezzato-da-Glória B, Loeuille B, Bartoli G, Ciccarelli D (2014b) Functional groups in Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) based on morphological and anatomical traits. Aust J Bot 62:150–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lüttge U (2008) Savannas II. The environmental factors water, mineral nutrients and fire. In: Lüttge U (ed) Physiological ecology of tropical plants. Springer, Berlin, pp 313–377

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüttge U, Duarte HM, Scarano FR, Attos EA, Cavalin PO, Franco AC, Fernandes GW (2007) Physiological ecology of photosynthesis of five sympatric species of Velloziaceae in the rupestrian fields of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Flora 202:637–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch JP, Ho MD (2005) Rhizoeconomics: carbon costs of phosphorus acquisition. Plant Soil 269:45–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madriñán S, Cortés AJ, Richardson JE (2013) Páramo is the world’s fastest evolving and coolest biodiversity hotspot. Front Gen 4:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Mamede MCH (1993) Anatomia dos orgãos Vegetativos de Camarea (Malpighiaceae). Acta Bot Bras 7:3–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marschner P (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Matias SR, Pagano MC, Muzzi FC, Oliveira C, Carneiro A, Horta N, Scotti M (2009) Effect of rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in the rhizosphere of native plants used to recover an iron ore area in Brazil. Eur J Soil Biol 45:259–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCully ME (1999) Roots in soil: unearthing the complexities of roots and their rhizospheres. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 50:695–718

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell NG, Pockman WT, Allen CD, Breshears DD, Cobb N, Kolb T, Plaut J, Sperry J, West A, Williams DG, Yepez EA (2008) Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytol 178:719–739

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell NG, Fisher RA, Xu C, Domec JC, Höltta T, Mackay DS, Sperry JS, Boutz A, Dickman LT, Gehres N, Limousin M, Macalady A, Martınez-Vilalta J, Mencuccini M, Plaut JA, Ogée J, Pangle RE, Rasse DP, Ryan MG, Sevanto S, Waring RH, Williams AP, Yepez EA, Pockman WT (2013) Evaluating theories of drought-induced vegetation mortality using a multimodel—experiment framework. New Phytol 200:304–321

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McPherson S (2010) Carnivorous plants and their habitats, 2nd edn. Red Fern Natural History, Poole

    Google Scholar 

  • Medina E (1982) Physiological ecology of neotropical Savanna plants. In: Huntles BJ, Walker BH (eds) Ecological studies, vol 42., Ecology of tropical savannasSpringer, Berlin, pp 308–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Meinzer FC, Johnson DM, Lachenbruch B, McCulloh KA, Woodruff DR (2009) Xylem hydraulic safety margins in woody plants: coordination of stomatal control of xylem tension with hydraulic capacitance. Funct Ecol 23:922–930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meirelles ST, Pivello VR, Joly CA (1999) The vegetation of granite rock outcrops in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the need for its protection. Environ Cons 26:10–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mello-Silva R (2004) Novitates Velloziacearum florae phanerogamicae Sancti Pauli. Rev Brasil Bot 27:453–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mello-Silva R, Santos DYAC, Salatino MLF, Motta LB, Cattai MB, Sasaki D, Lovo J, Pita PB, Rocini C, Rodrigues CDN, Zarrei M, Chase MW (2011) Five vicarious genera from Gondwana: the Velloziaceae as shown by molecules and morphology. Ann Bot 108:87–102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Menezes NL, Müller C, Sajo MDG (1979) Um novo e peculiar tipo de sistema subterrâneo em espécies de Vernonia da Serra do Cipó. Bol Bot USP 7:33–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Messias MCTB, Leite MGP, Meira-Neto JAA, Kozovits AR (2011) Life-form spectra of quartzite and itabirite rocky outcrop sites, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Biota Neotrop 11:255–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Messias MCTB, Leite MGP, Meira-Neto JAA, Kozovits AR (2012) Fitossociologia de campos rupestres quartzíticos e ferruginosos no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais. Acta Bot Bras 26:230–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Messias MCTB, Leite MGP, Meira Neto JAA, Kozovits AR, Tavares R (2013) Soil-vegetation relationship in quartzitic and ferruginous Brazilian rocky outcrops. Folia Geobot 48:509–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller RM (2005) The nonmycorrhizal root: a strategy for survival in nutrient-impoverished soils. New Phytol 165:655–658

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moreira ASFP, Lemos-Filho JP, Zotz G, Isaias RMS (2009) Anatomy and photosynthetic parameters of roots and leaves of two shade-adapted orchids, Dichaea cogniauxiana Shltr. and Epidendrum secundum Jacq. Flora 204:604–611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morokawa R, Simões AO, Kinoshita LS (2013) Apocynaceae s. str. do Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodriguésia 64:179–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mourão FA, Carmo FF, Ratton P, Jacobi CM (2006) Hospedeiras da hemiparasita Struthanthus flexicaulis (Mart.) Mart. (Loranthaceae) em campos rupestres ferruginosos do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais. Lundiana 7:103–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Mourão FA, Jacobi CM, Figueira JEC, Batista EKL (2009) Effects of the parasitism of Struthanthus flexicaulis (Mart.) Mart. (Loranthaceae) on the fitness of Mimosa calodendron Mart. (Fabaceae), an endemic shrub from rupestrian fields over ironstone outcrops, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Acta Bot Bras 23:820–825. 2009

    Google Scholar 

  • Muler AL, Oliveira RS, Lambers H, Veneklaas EJ (2014) Does cluster-root activity benefit nutrient uptake and growth of co-existing species? Oecologia 174:23–31

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muller KF, Borsch T, Legendre L, Porembski S, Barthlott W (2006) Recent progress in understanding the evolution of carnivorous Lentibulariaceae (Lamiales). Plant Biol 8:748–757

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Negreiros D, Borges Moraes ML, Wilson Fernandes G (2008) Caracterização da fertilidade dos solos de quatro leguminosas de campos rupestres, Serra do Cipó, MG, Brasil. Rev Cien Suelo Nutr Veg 8:30–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Negreiros D, Fernandes GW, Silveira FA, Chalub C (2009) Seedling growth and biomass allocation of endemic and threatened shrubs of rupestrian fields. Acta Oecol 35:301–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Negreiros D, Fernandes GW, Berbara RLL, Rodarte LHO, Barbosa NPU (2011) Caracterização físico-química de solos quartzíticos degradados e áreas adjacentes de campo rupestre na Serra do Cipó, MG, Brasil. Neotrop Biol Cons 6:156–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Negreiros D, Le Stradic S, Fernandes GW, Rennó HC (2014) CSR analysis of plant functional types in highly diverse tropical grasslands of harsh environments. Plant Ecol 215:379–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neves SPS, Conceição AB (2010) Campo rupestre recém-queimado na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil: plantas de rebrota e sementes, com espécies endêmicas na rocha. Acta Bot Bras 24:697–707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neves SC, Abreu PAAS, Fraga LM (2005) Fisiografia. In: Silva AC, Pedreira LCVSF, Abreu PAA (eds) Serra do Espinhaço meridional—paisagens e ambientes. O Lutador, Diamantina, pp 45–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Nickrent DL, Musselman LJ (2004) Introduction to parasitic flowering plants. Plant Health Instructor. doi:10.1094/PHI-I-2004-0330-01

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen R (2009) Adaptionism - 30 years after Gould and Lewontin. Evolution 63:2487–2490

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nishi AH, Vasconcellos-Neto J, Romero GQ (2013) The role of multiple partners in a digestive mutualism with a protocarnivorous plant. Ann Bot 111:143–150

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nogueira RE, Pereira OL, Kasuya MCM, Lanna MCS, Mendonça MP (2005) Fungos micorrízicos associados a orquídeas em campos rupestres na região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, MG, Brasil. Acta Bot Bras 19:417–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • North GB, Nobel PS (1997) Drought-induced changes in soil contact and hydraulic conductivity for roots of Opuntia ficus-indica with and without rhizosheaths. Plant Soil 191:249–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogle K, Reynolds JF (2002) Desert dogma revisited: coupling of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in the desert shrub, Larrea tridentata. Plant, Cell Environ 25:909–921

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira RB, Godoy SAP (2007) Floristic composition of the rock outcrops of the Morro do Forno, Altinópolis-SP. Biota Neotrop 7:37–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira RS, Dawson TE, Burgess SS (2005) Evidence for direct water absorption by the shoot of the desiccation-tolerant plant Vellozia flavicans in the savannas of central Brazil. J Trop Ecol 21:585–588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira RS, Galvão HC, De Campos MCR, Eller CB, Pearse SJ, Lambers H (2015) Mineral nutrition of campos rupestres plant species on contrasting nutrient-impoverished soil types. New Phytol 205:1183–1194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oriani A, Scatena VL (2007) Intracellular papillae of Actinocephalus (Eriocaulaceae-Poales) roots and their interaction with fungi: a light and transmission electron microscopy study. Micron 38:611–617

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Overbeck GE, Pfadenhauer J (2007) Adaptive strategies in burned sub-tropical grassland in southern Brazil. Flora 202:27–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pate JS, Unkovich MJ, Erskine PD, Stewart GR (1998) Australian mulga ecosystems 13C and 15N natural abundances of biota components and their ecophysiological significance. Plant, Cell Environ 21:1231–1242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pekin BK, Boer MM, Wittkuhn RS, Macfarlane C, Grierson PF (2012) Plant diversity is linked to nutrient limitation of dominant species in a world biodiversity hotspot. J Veg Sci 23:745–754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peñuelas J, Terradas J, Lloret F (2011) Solving the conundrum of plant species coexistence: water in space and time matters most. New Phytol 189:5–8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira CG, Almenara DP, Winter CE, Fritsch PW, Lambers H, Oliveira RS (2012) Underground leaves of Philcoxia trap and digest nematodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109:1154–1158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pillai SK, Pillai A (1961) Root apical organization in Monocotyledons—Xyridaceae. Proc Indian Acad Sci Sect B 54:234–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Pita PB, Menezes NL (2002) Anatomia da raiz de espécies de Dyckia Schult. f. e Encholirium Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f. (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnioideae) da Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais, Brasil), com especial referência ao velame. Rev Bras Bot 25:25–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plaut JA, Yepez EA, Hill J, Pangle R, Pangle R, Sperry JS, Pockman WT, Mcdowell NT (2012) Hydraulic limits preceding mortality in piñon-juniper woodland under experimental drought. Plant Cell Environ 35:1601–1617

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pomerene JB (1964) Geology and ore deposits of the Belo Horizonte, Ibirite, and Macacos Quadrangles, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Geol Surv Prof Pap 341-D:1–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Poot P, Hopper SD, van Diggelen JM (2012) Exploring rock fissures: does a specialized root morphology explain endemism on granite outcrops? Ann Bot 110:291–300

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Porder S, Ramachandran S (2013) The phosphorus concentration of common rocks-a potential driver of ecosystem P status. Plant Soil 367:41–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porembski S, Barthlott W (1995) On the occurrence of a velamen radicum in Cyperaceae and Velloziaceae. Nord J Bot 15:625–629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porembski S, Barthlott W (2000) Granitic and gneissic outcrops (inselbergs) as centers of diversity for desiccation-tolerant vascular plants. Plant Ecol 151:19–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Press MC, Phoenix GK (2005) Impacts of parasitic plants on natural communities. New Phytol 166:737–751

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Press MC, Scholes JD, Watling JR (1999) Parasitic plants: physiological and ecological interactions with their hosts. In: Press MC, Scholes JD, Barker MG (eds) Physiological plant ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp 175–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Proctor MCF, Tuba Z (2002) Poikilohydry and homoihydry: antithesis or spectrum of possibilities? New Phytol 156:327–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rapini A, Ribeiro PL, Lambert S, Pirani JR (2008) A flora dos campos rupestres da Cadeia do Espinhaço. Megadiv 4:15–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven JA (2012) Protein turnover and plant RNA and phosphorus requirements in relation to nitrogen fixation. Plant Sci 188–189:25–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reis FB Jr, Simon MF, Gross E, Boddey RM, Elliott GN, Neto NE, Loureiro MF, Queiroz LP, Scotti MR, Chen WM, Noren A, Rubio MC, Faria SM, Bontemps C, Goi SR, Young PW, Sprent JI, James EK (2010) Nodulation and nitrogen fixation by Mimosa spp. in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes of Brazil. New Phytol 186:934–946

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro KT, Fernandes GW (2000) Patterns of abundance of a narrow endemic species in a tropical and infertile montane habitat. Plant Ecol 147:205–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro KT, Medina BMO (2002) Estrutura, dinâmica e biogeografia das ilhas de vegetação sobre rocha do Planalto do Itatiaia, RJ. Bol Parque Nac Itatiaia 10:1–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro JF, Walter BMT (2008) As principais fitofisionomias do bioma cerrado. In: Sano SM, Almeida SP, Ribeiro JF (eds) Cerrado: ecologia e flora. Embrapa/CPAC, Planaltina

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro KT, Medina BMO, Scarano FR (2007) Composição de espécies e relações biogeográficas da flora sobre afloramentos rochosos no Planalto do Itatiaia, SE do Brasil. Rev Bras Bot 30:623–639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro PL, Borba EL, Smidt EC, Lambert SM, Schnadelbach AS, van den Berg C (2008) Genetic and morphological variation in the Bulbophyllum exaltatum (Orchidaceae) complex occurring in the Brazilian campos rupestres: implications for taxonomy and biogeography. Plant Syst Evol 270:109–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro PL, Rapini A, Damascena LS, van den Berg C (2014) Plant diversification in the Espinhaço Range: insights from the biogeography of Minaria (Apocynaceae). Taxon 63:1253–1264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rivadavia F, Vicentini A, Fleischmann A (2009) A new species of sundew (Drosera, Droseraceae), with water-dispersed seed, from the floodplains of the northern Amazon Basin, Brazil. Ecotropica 15:13–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues KF, Batista LG, Carrenho R (2013) Micorrizas arbusculares em espécies de Microlicieae (Melastomataceae) da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás. In: 64 Congresso Nacional de Botânica. Belo Horizonte

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossatto DR, da Silveira Lobo Sternberg L, Franco AC (2013) The partitioning of water uptake between growth forms in a Neotropical savanna: do herbs exploit a third water source niche? Plant Biol 15:84–92

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan PR, Delhaize E, Jones DL (2001) Function and mechanism of organic anion exudation from plant roots. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52:527–560

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saadi A (1995) A geomorfologia da Serra do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais e de suas margens. Geonomos 3:41–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Safford HD (2001) Brazilian Páramos. III. Patterns and rates of postfire regeneration in Campos de Altitude. Biotrop 33:282–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Sala A, Piper F, Hoch G (2010) Physiological mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality are far from being resolved. New Phytol 186:274–281

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Santos TRD, Pinto JRR, Lenza E, Mews HA (2012) The tree-shrub vegetation in rocky outcrop cerrado areas in Goiás State, Brazil. Braz J Bot 35:281–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scatena VL, Oriani A, Sano PT (2005) Anatomia de raízes de Actinocephalus (Koern.) Sano (Eriocaulaceae). Acta Bot Bras 19:835–841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schluter D (1990) Species-for-species matching. Am Nat 136:560–568

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwinning S (2010) The ecohydrology of roots in rocks. Ecohydrol 3:238–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwinning S, Ehleringer JR (2001) Water use trade-offs and optimal adaptations to pulse-driven arid ecosystems. J Ecol 89:464–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shane MW, Lambers H (2005) Cluster roots: a curiosity in context. Plant Soil 274:101–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shane MW, Dixon KW, Lambers H (2005) The occurrence of dauciform roots amongst western Australian reeds, rushes and sedges, and the impact of phosphorus supply on dauciform-root development in Schoenus unispiculatus (Cyperaceae). New Phytol 165:887–898

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shane MW, Cawthray GR, Cramer MD, Kuo J, Lambers H (2006) Specialized “dauciform” roots of Cyperaceae are structurally distinct, but functionally analogous with “cluster” roots. Plant Cell Environ 29:1989–1999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw DC, Watson DM, Mathiasen RL (2004) Comparison of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp., Viscaceae) in the weastern United States with mistletoe (Amyema spp., Loranthaceae) in Australia: ecological analogs and reciprocal models for ecosystem management. Aust J Bot 52:481–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva ED, Martins AB (2013) Leguminosae-Papilionoideae in the Serra do Cabral, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Hoehnea 40:293–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva NG, Alves RJV, Pereira JF, Rivadavia F (2011) Lentibulariaceae, Serra de São José, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Checklist 7:120–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Silveira FAO, Negreiros D, Barbosa NPU, Buisson E, Carmo FF, Carstensen D, Conceição AA, Cornelissen TG, Echternacht L, Fernandes GW, Garcia QS, Guerra TJ, Jacobi CM, Lemos-Filho JP, Le Stradic S, Morellato LPC, Neves FS, Oliveira RS, Schaefer CE, Viana PL, Lambers H (2016) Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority. Plant and Soil (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvertown J, Araya Y, Gowing D (2015) Hydrological niches in terrestrial plant communities: a review. J Ecol 103:93–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons GC (1968) Geology and iron deposits of the Western Serra do Curral, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Geol Surv Prof Pap 341-G:1–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon MF, Grether R, de Queiroz LP, Skemae C, Pennington RT, Hughes CE (2009) Recent assembly of the Cerrado, a neotropical plant diversity hotspot, by in situ evolution of adaptations to fire. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:20359–20364

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SE, Read DJ (2008) Mycorrhizal symbiosis, 3rd edn. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith RJ, Hopper SD, Shane MW (2011) Sand-binding roots in Haemodoraceae: global survey and morphology in a phylogenetic context. Plant Soil 348:453–470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souza JMS (2011) Efeitos do fogo na fenologia reprodutiva de angiospermas em vegetações campestres na Chapada Diamantina, Brasil. PhD Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana

    Google Scholar 

  • Specht RL (1969) A comparison of the sclerophyllous vegetation characteristic of Mediterranean type climates in France, California, and Southern Australia. I. Structure, morphology, and succession. Aust J Bot 17:277–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sprent JI (1979) The biology of nitrogen-fixing organisms. McGraw-Hill, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Stock WD, Verboom GA (2012) Phylogenetic ecology of foliar N and P concentrations and N: P ratios across mediterranean-type ecosystems. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 21:1147–1156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tardieu F, Simonneau T (1998) Variability among species of stomatal control under fluctuating soil water status and evaporative demand: modelling isohydric and anisohydric behaviours. J Exp Bot 49:419–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tayasu I, Inoue T, Miller LR, Sugimoto A, Takeichi S, Abe T (1998) Confirmation of soil-feeding termites (Isoptera; Termitidae; Termitinae) in Australia using stable isotope ratios. Funct Ecol 12:536–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor P, Souza VC, Giulietti AM, Harley RM (2000) Philcoxia: a new genus of Scrophulariaceae with three new species from eastern Brazil. Kew Bull 55:155–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira WA, Lemos-Filho JP (1998) Metais pesados em folhas de espécies lenhosas colonizadoras de uma área de mineração de ferro em Itabirito, Minas Gerais. Rev Árvore 22:381–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Teodoro GS (2014) Extreme drought effects on the phenology, growth and ecophysiology performance of campos rupestres species—Brazil. PhD Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas

    Google Scholar 

  • Tertuliano MF, Figueiredo-Ribeiro RCL (1993) Distribution of fructose polymers in herbaceous species of Asteraceae from the cerrado. New Phytol 123:741–749

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trovó M, Andrade MJG, Sano PT, Ribeiro PL, Berg C (2013) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Neotropical Paepalanthoideae with emphasis on Brazilian Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae). Bot J Linn Soc 171:225–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuba Z, Protor CF, Csintalan Z (1998) Ecophysiological responses of homoiochlorophyllous and poikilochlorophyllous desiccation tolerant plants: a comparison and an ecological perspective. Plant Growth Reg 24:211–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner BL, Condron LM (2013) Pedogenesis, nutrient dynamics, and ecosystem development: the legacy of T.W. Walker and J.K. Syers. Plant Soil 367:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Twigg LE (2014) Fluoroacetate, plants, animals and a biological arms race. In: Lambers H (ed) Plant life on the sandplains in southwest Australia, a global biodiversity hotspot. University of Western Australia Publishing, Crawley, pp 225–240

    Google Scholar 

  • USDA (1998) Keys to soil taxonomy. United States Department of Agriculture, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcelos M (2011) O que são campos rupestres e campos de altitude nos topos de montanha do Leste do Brasil? Braz J Bot 34:241–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veldman JW, Buisson E, Durigan G, Fernandes GW, Le Stradic S, Mahy G, Negreiros D, Overbeck GE, Veldman RG, Zaloumis NP, Putz FE, Bond WJ (2015) Toward an old-growth concept for grasslands, savannas, and woodlands. Front Ecol Environ 13:154–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vergutz L, Manzoni S, Porporato A, Novais RF, Jackson RB (2012) Global resorption efficiencies and concentrations of carbon and nutrients in leaves of terrestrial plants. Ecol Monogr 82:205–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vickery B, Vickery M (1972) Fluoride metabolism in Dichapetalum toxicarium. Phytochem 11:1905–1909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent RDC, Meguro M (2008) Influence of soil properties on the abundance of plant species in ferruginous rocky soils vegetation, southeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Bot 31:377–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek PM, Cassman K, Cleveland C, Crews T, Field CB, Grimm NB, Howarth RW, Marino R, Martinelli L, Rastetter EB, Sprent JI (2002) Towards an ecological understanding of biological nitrogen fixation. Biogeochem 57–58:1–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker TW, Syers JK (1976) The fate of phosphorus during pedogenesis. Geoderma 15:1–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walter H (1971) Ecology of tropical and subtropical vegetation. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • West AG, Dawson TE, February EC, Midgley GF, Bond WJ, Aston TL (2012) Diverse functional responses to drought in a Mediterranean-type shrubland in South Africa. New Phytol 195:396–407

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson B (1973) Acid phosphatase and esterase activity in orchid mycorrhiza. Planta 112:149–158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yao Q, Li X, Feng G, Christie P (2001) Mobilization of sparingly soluble inorganic phosphates by the external mycelium of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Plant Soil 230:279–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zemunik G, Turner BL, Lambers H, Laliberté E (2015) Diversity of plant nutrient-acquisition strategies increases during long-term ecosystem development. Nat Plants 1–4

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge Fundo de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo for funding our research (project 2010/17204-0), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and Conselho Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível superior for the scholarships, scholarship 2010/50327-8 to G.S. Teodoro, and project grant number CAPES PVE 88887.108541/2015-00. We thank Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (Sisbio 43511-2) and Instituto Estadual de Florestas de Minas Gerais (056/2014) for the licenses to work in campos rupestres. We also acknowledge the Graduate Programs of Ecology and Plant Biology at Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Finally, we would like to thank the editor for the invitation to write the chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

    Rafael S. Oliveira, Anna Abrahão, Caio Pereira, Grazielle S. Teodoro & Mauro Brum

  2. School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

    Rafael S. Oliveira, Anna Abrahão, Caio Pereira & Hans Lambers

  3. Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil

    Grazielle S. Teodoro

  4. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

    Suzana Alcantara

Authors
  1. Rafael S. Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anna Abrahão
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Caio Pereira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Grazielle S. Teodoro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mauro Brum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Suzana Alcantara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hans Lambers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rafael S. Oliveira .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerai, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Geraldo Wilson Fernandes

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Oliveira, R.S. et al. (2016). Ecophysiology of Campos Rupestres Plants. In: Fernandes, G. (eds) Ecology and Conservation of Mountaintop grasslands in Brazil. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29808-5_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation