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Advances in Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Breeding Strategies

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops

Abstract

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family, collected, domesticated and cultivated in Europe, India and Egypt, like endive (C. endivia L.), its closest related species. It grows as a weed in temperate climatic regions and is widely cultivated in northern Europe. Chicory is beneficial to both humans and animals due to its high protein content, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and phytoactive compounds. It is consumed as a vegetable, edible flowers, coffee substitute and for medicinal and cosmetic metabolites. It is also used in hepatoprotective compounds and as a flavoring in beer. Its extract is an inhibitor of salmonella. It is consumed as an animal feed, always with great care to avoid toxicity. Industrial chicory is developed mainly for its inulin content. There is recent interest in genetically engineering chicory to obtain higher yields and create new cultivars, but chicory potential still awaits development, especially in Asian countries. This chapter presents an overview of the origin, distribution, taxonomy and conservation of genetic resources, as well as crop cultivation practices and advances in modern biotechnology and molecular biology and their application for crop improvement concurrently with traditional chicory breeding.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Khaled F. M. Salem

    Present address: Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanitarian Studies, Shaqra University, Qwaieah, Saudi Arabia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Field Crops Department, College of Agriculture Engineering, Hama University, Salamiyeh, Hama, Syria

    Laila Aldahak

  2. Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt

    Khaled F. M. Salem

  3. Department of Agricultural Studies and Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq

    Salih H. F. Al-Salim

  4. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marshlands, Dhi Qar University, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq

    Salih H. F. Al-Salim

  5. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

Authors
  1. Laila Aldahak
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  2. Khaled F. M. Salem
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  3. Salih H. F. Al-Salim
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  4. Jameel M. Al-Khayri
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Laila Aldahak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendixes

Appendixes

1.1 Appendix I: List of Major Institutes Engaged in Chicory Research

Institutes Name

Country

Website

Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University Clayton, Victoria

Australia

https://www.monash.edu/science/schools/biological-sciences

Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO)

Belgium

https://www.Ilvo.Vlaanderen.Be/Language/En-US/EN/Home.Aspx

Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia

Bulgaria

http://www.bio.bas.bg/botany/

Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences Průhonice

Czech Republic

https://www.ibot.cas.cz/en/

Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences

China

http://english.kib.cas.cn/au/bi/

Institute Charles Violette (ICV)

France

https://Institutcharlesviollette.Univ-Lille.Fr/

Crops Research Institute Kumasi

Ghana

https://www.Cropsresearch.Org/

Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben

Germany

https://www.ipk-gatersleben.de/en/institute/about-us/s/

Bundes Forschungs Institut für Kulturpflanzen

Germany

https://www.Julius-Kuehn.De/

Systematic Botany, Justus-Liebig-Universität

Germany

https://www.uni-giessen.de/faculties/f08/departments/botany/systematic-botany-group

Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany

Germany

https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/sites/botanischergarten/index.html

Crops Research Institute Kumasi

Ghana

https://www.Cropsresearch.Org/

Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla

Spain

http://area.us.es/bioeco/

Medicinal Plants Research Unit, College of Agricultural Engineering, Baghdad University

IRAQ

https://Coagri.Uobaghdad.Edu.Iq

Wageningen University

Netherlands

https://www.Wur.Nl/En/Newsarticle/Breeding-Chicory-For-Medicine.Htm

Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (Ibet)

Portugal

https://Eatris.Eu/Institutes/Instituto-De-Biologia-Experimental-E-Tecnologica-Ibet/

Institute for Systematics and Ecology of Animals

Russia

http://www.eco.nsc.ru/

Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Daejeon,

South Korea

https://www.kribb.re.kr/eng/main/main.jsp

Oregon State University (OSU)

USA

https://bpp.oregonstate.edu/

1.2 Appendix II: World List of Varieties and Wild Types of Chicory

Accession No.

Species

Origin

Material type

PI 651946

Cichorium intybus

North Holland, Netherlands

Cultivar

PI 651930

C. intybus

USA

Cultivar

NSL 69921

C. intybus

Pennsylvania, USA

Cultivar

PI 651954

C. intybus

Germany

Cultivar

PI 652015

C. intybus

France

Cultivar

PI 651955

C. intybus

Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany

Line

PI 652024

C. intybus

Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Wild

PI 652048

C. intybus

Italy

Cultivar

PI652007

C. intybus

Poland

Wild

PI652019

C. intybus

Switzerland

Wild

PI652020

C. intybus

Hungary

Wild

PI652026

C. intybus

Mazandaran, Iran

Wild

PI652028

C. intybus

Russian Federation

Wild

PI652033

C. intybus

Coimbra

Wild

PI 432336

C. intybus

Cyprus

Line

  1. Source: U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/search.aspx)

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Aldahak, L., Salem, K.F.M., Al-Salim, S.H.F., Al-Khayri, J.M. (2021). Advances in Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Breeding Strategies. In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66969-0_1

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