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Zonal Vegetation of the Subtropical (Warm–Temperate) Zone with Winter Rain

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Global Vegetation

Abstract

In this chapter, sclerophyllous forests and shrublands are discussed; in contrast to the subtropics with year-round rain, they are located on the western sides of the continents, where precipitation occurs mainly in winter. Hot and dry summers promote trees with a low transpiration rate, particularly in areas with nutrient-poor soils. The five winter rainfall areas (Mediterranean region, California, central Chile, southern Africa, southwestern Australia) differ distinctly with regard to their floristic species pool. They are all species-rich and contain many specialists that are able to cope with aridity during the thermally favorable summer. Fire is a factor that shapes the vegetation in California, South Africa and Australia. The Mediterranean region has a cultural history stretching back thousands of years, which makes it highly difficult to reconstruct the natural vegetation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. TUM School of Life Sciences, The Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany

    Jörg S. Pfadenhauer

  2. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Frank A. Klötzli

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  1. Jörg S. Pfadenhauer
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Pfadenhauer, J.S., Klötzli, F.A. (2020). Zonal Vegetation of the Subtropical (Warm–Temperate) Zone with Winter Rain. In: Global Vegetation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49860-3_8

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