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Phylogenetic relationship and genetic differentiation of Populus caspica and Populus alba using cpDNA and ITS noncoding sequences

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Abstract

Populus caspica Bornm. (section Leuce and subsection Albida), one of the most endangered endemic tree species in the Hyrcanian Forest in Iran, has numerous morphological characteristics that are closely similar to Populus alba; to clarify their taxonomic relatedness and genetic differentiation and thus inform conservation strategies, we used the noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA; trnL-F and trnH-psbA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Leaf samples were collected from six populations across northern Iran. cpDNA and ITS fragments were amplified by universal primers using the PCR technique and directed sequencing. The results showed that P. caspica is genetically differentiated from P. alba, and two ITS variants were detected within some P. caspica individuals. Conflicts between topologies from ITS and plastid genomes were observed. High differentiation of P. caspica from the other Populus species shown in this study confirmed the diverging taxonomic status of this endangered species. We recommend in situ conservation measures (e.g., protected areas) for at least several populations of this species, especially in the plain regions of the Hyrcanian forest.

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Acknowledgements

We are tremendously grateful to Dr. Mona Hamzeh, Department of Biology, Concordia University, for providing of some Canadian samples sequences. Also, we thank Fatemeh Mostajeran and Hamid Bina, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran, for help with data collections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Hamed Yousefzadeh

  2. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

    Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar, Effat Yousefi & Maryam Badbar

  3. Department of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Gregor Kozlowski

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  1. Hamed Yousefzadeh
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  2. Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar
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Correspondence to Hamed Yousefzadeh or Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar.

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Project funding: This project is supported by grant funding from the Tarbiat Modares University and Mazandaran University.

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Corresponding editor: Hu Yanbo.

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Yousefzadeh, H., Colagar, A.H., Yousefi, E. et al. Phylogenetic relationship and genetic differentiation of Populus caspica and Populus alba using cpDNA and ITS noncoding sequences. J. For. Res. 30, 451–461 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-018-0785-4

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