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Removal of heavy metals using Iris species: A potential approach for reclamation of heavy metal-polluted sites and environmental beautification

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Abstract

Globally, the number of heavy metal (HM)-polluted sites has increased rapidly in recent years, posing a serious threat to agricultural productivity, human health, and environmental safety. Hence, it is necessary to remediate HM-polluted sites to increase cultivatable lands for agricultural productivity, prevent hazardous effects to human health, and promote environmental safety. Removal of HMs using plants (phytoremediation) is a promising method as it is eco-friendly. Recently, ornamental plants have been widely used in phytoremediation programs as they can simultaneously eliminate HMs and are aesthetically pleasing. Among the ornamental plants, Iris species are frequently used; however, their role in HM remediation has not been reviewed yet. Here, the importance of Iris species in the ornamental industry and their different commercial aspects are briefly described. Additionally, the mechanisms of how the plant species absorb and transport the HMs to the above-ground tissues and tolerate HM stress are highlighted. The variation in HM remediation efficiency depending on the plant species, HM type and concentration, use of certain supplements, and experimental conditions are also discussed. Iris species are able to remove other hazards as well, such as pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, and industrial wastes, from polluted soils or waste-water. Owing to the valuable information presented in this review, we expect more applications of the species in reclaiming polluted sites and beautifying the environment. 

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Institute of Ecology, Republic of Korea (NIE-B-2023–15).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

    Aung Htay Naing & Chang Kil Kim

  2. Ecological Technology Research Team, Division of Ecological Applications Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, 33657, Republic of Korea

    Da Young Park & Hyeong Cheol Park

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  1. Aung Htay Naing
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  2. Da Young Park
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  3. Hyeong Cheol Park
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  4. Chang Kil Kim
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AHN constructed the review. DYP collected the literature and helped in the drafting of the manuscript. AHN wrote and revised the manuscript. HCP and CKK advised and supervised the project. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chang Kil Kim.

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Naing, A.H., Park, D.Y., Park, H.C. et al. Removal of heavy metals using Iris species: A potential approach for reclamation of heavy metal-polluted sites and environmental beautification. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 78004–78016 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27732-5

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