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Detection of bloom-forming dinoflagellates Karenia mikimotoi and Prorocentrum donghaiense using qPCR assays

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Abstract

The dinoflagellates Karenia mikimotoi and Prorocentrum donghaiense are both important causative species of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the East China Sea. The ichthyotoxic K. mikimotoi, which occasionally leads to large-scale HABs in the East China Sea, is difficult to be discriminated from other morphologically similar species in the family Kareniaceae by light microscope observation. To improve the accuracy and efficiency in detection of K. mikimotoi, a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed in this study. The qPCR assay has high specificity and sensitivity, which allows the detection of K. mikimotoi at the lower detection limit of one cell. The qPCR assay target K. mikimotoi, together with another qPCR assay previously developed for P. donghaiense, was applied to study a bloom of dinoflagellates in the coastal waters of Fujian province from April 25 to June 11 in 2019. Cells of K. mikimotoi were detected in about half of the samples, and the maximum abundance was lower than 30 cells L−1. Abundance of P. donghaiense cells (maximum abundance above 106 cells L−1) were determined using both qPCR assay and light microscope cell counting, and the results of the two methods were consistent with each other. The qPCR assays of the blooming dinoflagellates offer reliable and accurate approaches for the detection of HABs species.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Da-Zhi Wang in Xiamen University for providing the strain of Karenia mikimotoi isolated from the coastal water of Fujian province which was used in this study.

Funding

This study was supported by the project (No. 2017YFC1404304) of the National Key R&D Program of China, the project (grant XDA19060203) of the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the CAS-CSIRO BAU project (grant 133137KYSB20180141) of CAS, and the project (LY19D060007) of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Xiao-Kun Hu, Zhuo-Ru Lin, Qing-Chun Zhang, Fan-Zhou Kong & Ren-Cheng Yu

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Xiao-Kun Hu, Zhuo-Ru Lin & Ren-Cheng Yu

  3. Key Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China

    Qing-Chun Zhang, Fan-Zhou Kong & Ren-Cheng Yu

  4. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Qing-Chun Zhang, Fan-Zhou Kong & Ren-Cheng Yu

  5. College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China

    Jing-Yi Cen

  6. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China

    Yu-Lan Zeng

  7. College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Yu-Lan Zeng

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Hu, XK., Lin, ZR., Zhang, QC. et al. Detection of bloom-forming dinoflagellates Karenia mikimotoi and Prorocentrum donghaiense using qPCR assays. J Appl Phycol 34, 1483–1496 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-022-02698-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-022-02698-y

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