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Phylogeny and evolution of Dyckia (Bromeliaceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear sequences

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Abstract

The genus Dyckia (Bromeliaceae) comprises more than 150 terrestrial or epilithic species with a strongly xeromorphic habit. Most of its members belong to the azonal rock vegetation of Neotropical savannas and forests of Brazil and adjacent countries. Dyckia is relatively species-rich compared with its closest relatives Encholirium (27 species) and Deuterocohnia (17 species). Here, we present the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of Dyckia using DNA sequence data from six plastid loci (matK gene, rps16 intron, petD intron, rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnK and trnD-trnT) and a portion of the nuclear gene phyC. A total of 124 accessions were included, corresponding to 79 taxa from six genera. Phylogenetic trees were generated using parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian methods. DNA sequence variation among Dyckia species turned out to be extremely low, and phylogenies were poorly resolved. The monophyly of Dyckia is supported, whereas evidence is provided that Encholirium is paraphyletic. Based on a dated plastid DNA tree, Dyckia experienced a recent radiation starting around 2.9 million years ago. Four major clades could be identified that roughly correspond to the geographic origin of the samples. A parsimony network based on plastid DNA haplotypes shows a star-like pattern, indicating recent range expansions. Our data are compatible with a scenario where Dyckia and Encholirium diverged in northeastern Brazil, whereas one lineage of Dyckia dispersed to southern Brazil from where a rapid colonization of suitable habitats was initiated. We discuss our results in relation to species delimitation in Dyckia.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank J. Peters, N. Schütz and the Botanical Gardens of Heidelberg, Bonn, Berlin-Dahlem, Marburg and Vienna for providing plant material as well as R.B. Louzada, G. Cruz and A. M. Wanderley for help during fieldwork. F. Krapp and D. Pinangé are supported by PhD fellowship grants of the Otto-Braun-Fonds (Melsungen) and the Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE), respectively. This work was supported by DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service), by CAPES (Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) in the frame of the PROBRAL and PNADB programs, an also by CNPq (Brazilian Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Molecular Systematics, Department of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany

    Florian Krapp & Kurt Weising

  2. Genetics Department, CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil

    Diego Sotero de Barros Pinangé & Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon

  3. Herbarium Bradeanum, C.P. 15005, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20031-970, Brazil

    Elton M. C. Leme

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  1. Florian Krapp
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  2. Diego Sotero de Barros Pinangé
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  4. Elton M. C. Leme
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  5. Kurt Weising
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Correspondence to Kurt Weising.

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Krapp, F., de Barros Pinangé, D.S., Benko-Iseppon, A.M. et al. Phylogeny and evolution of Dyckia (Bromeliaceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear sequences. Plant Syst Evol 300, 1591–1614 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-0985-0

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