Skip to main content

Zanthoxylum armatum DC.Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. Rutaceae

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Ethnobotany of the Himalayas

Abstract

Zanthoxylum armatum DC.: Fagara armata Thunb; Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb; Zanthoxylum alatum var. planispinum (Siebold & Zucc.) Rehderand E.H. Wilson; Zanthoxylum arenosum Reeder and S.Y. Cheo; Zanthoxylum bungei Hance; Zanthoxylum hostile Wall; Zanthoxylum kibada Siebold; Zanthoxylum violaceum Wall; Zanthoxylum alatum Hemsl; Zanthoxylum alatum var. subtrifoliolatum Franch.; Zanthoxylum planispinum Siebold & Zucc.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbasi AM, Khan MA, Khan N, Shah MH. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinally important wild edible fruits species used by tribal communities of lesser Himalayas-Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013a;148(2):528–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abbasi AM, Khan SM, Ahmad M, Khan MA, Quave CL, Pieroni A. Botanical ethnoveterinary therapies in three districts of the lesser Himalayas of Pakistan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013b;9(1):84.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Abbasi AM, Khan MA, Zafar M. Ethno-medicinal assessment of some selected wild edible fruits and vegetables of lesser-Himalayas, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 2013c;45:215–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agnihotri S, Wakode S, Ali M. Chemical constituents isolated from Zanthoxylum armatum stem bark. Chem Nat Compd. 2017;53(5):880–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad Jan H, Wali S, Ahmad L, Jana S, Ahmad N, Ullah N. Ethnomedicinal survey of medicinal plants of Chinglai valley, Buner district, Pakistan. Eur J Integr Med. 2017;13:64–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad M, Sultana S, Fazl-i-Hadi S, Ben Hadda T, Rashid S, Zafar M, Yaseen G. An Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in high mountainous region of Chail valley (district Swat-Pakistan). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2014;10(1):36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar N, Ali M, Sarwar AM. Chemical constituents from the seeds of Zanthoxylum alatum. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2009;11(1):91–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar N, Rashid A, Murad W, Bergmeier E. Diversity and use of ethno-medicinal plants in the region of Swat, North Pakistan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013;9(1):25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alam F, Saqib QN. Evaluation of Zanthoxylum armatum Roxb for in-vitro biological activities. J Tradit Complement Med. 2017;7(4):515–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alam F, Us Saqib QN. Pharmacognostic study and development of quality control parameters for fruit, bark and leaf of Zanthoxylum armatum (Rutaceae). Anc Sci Life. 2015;34:147–55.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alam F, Saqib QN, Ashraf M. Zanthoxylum armatum DC extracts from fruit, bark and leaf induce hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects in mice-in vivo and in vitro study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):68.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amjad MS, Arshad M. Ethnobotanical inventory and medicinal uses of some important woody plant species of Kotli, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014;4(12):952–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Annappan U, Rajkishore VB, Ramalingam R. A review on Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. Res J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2015;7(4):223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balami NP. Ethnomedicinal uses of plants among the Newar community of Pharping village of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Tribhuvan Univ J. 2004;24(1):13–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkatullah IM, Ghulam J, Imtiaz A. Leaf, stem bark and fruit anatomy of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (Rutaceae). Pak J Bot. 2014;46(4):1343–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barua CC, Yasmin N, Elancheran R. A review on effective utilization phytochemical compounds pharmacological intervention of a popularly used plant for developing a new drug Zanthoxylum armatum with reference to its anticancer activity. MOJ Bioequivalence Bioavailability. 2018;5(5):156–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batool F, Sabir SM, Rocha JB, Shah AH, Saify ZS, Ahmed SD. Evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of fruit extract from Zanthoxylum alatum: a commonly used spice from Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 2010;42(6):4299–311.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bharti S, Bhushan B. Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Zanthoxylum armatum. DC.: an overview. Res J Pharm, Biol Chem Sci. 2015;6(5):1403–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhat J, Kumar M, Bussmann RW. Ecological status and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Kedarnath wildlife sanctuary of Garhwal Himalaya, India. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013;9:1. http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/9/1/1

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt V, Sharma S, Kumar N, Sharma U, Singh B. Chemical composition of essential oil among seven populations of Zanthoxylum armatum from Himachal Pradesh: Chemotypic and seasonal variation. Nat Prod Commun. 2017;12(10):1643–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt TD, Dhungana A, Joshi J, Yadav P, Basyal C. Variation in chemical composition of essential oil extracted from the fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (Timur) of Nepal. J Plant Res. 2018;16:100–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharjee A, Biplab Kumar D, Das B, Dkhar D, Kachari D. Advances in pharmacology and clinical trials Zanthoxylum armatum: a systemic review of its ethno- medicinal properties, Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Adv Pharmacol Clin Trials. 2019;4(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brijwal L, Pandey A, Tamta S. An overview of phytomedicinal approaches of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.: an important magical medicinal plant. J Med Plant Res. 2013;7(8):366–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chauham M. Tuvaraka (Hydnocarpus laurifolia). Plant Ayurveda, Holistic healing through herbs; 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury Barua C, Yasmin N, Cheran RE. A review on effective utilization, phytochemical compounds, the pharmacological intervention of a popularly used plant for developing a new drug: Zanthoxylum armatum with reference to its anticancer activity. MOJ Bioequivalence Bioavailable. 2018;5(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dangol DR, Maharjan KL, Maharjan SK, Acharya AK. Wild edible plants in Nepal. In: Joshi BK, Bahadur KCH, Acharya A, editors. Conservation and utilization of agricultural plant genetic resources of Nepal. Dhulikhel: NAGRC; 2017. p. 390–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das NG, Baruah I, Talukdar PK, Das SC. Evaluation of botanicals as repellents against mosquitoes. 2003;2:49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duke JA. Handbook of medicinal herbs: CRC Press; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gairola S, Sharma J, Singh BY. A cross-cultural analysis of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh (India) medicinal plant use. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;155:925–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaur RD. Flora of district Garhwal, North-Western Himalaya (with ethnobotanical notes), vol. 811. Srinagar: Transmedia; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geweli MB, Awale S. Aspects of traditional medicine in Nepal: Institute of the Natural Medicine University of Toyama; 2008. p. 140–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilani SN, Khan AU, Gilani AH. Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Zanthoxylum armatum in gut, airways, and cardiovascular disorders. Phytother Res Int J Devoted Pharmacol Toxicolog Eval Nat Prod Derivatives. 2010;24(4):553–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo T, Tang XF, Chang J, Wang Y. A new lignan glycoside from the stems of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Nat Prod Res. 2016;31(1):16–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo T, Song T t, Tang XF, Tan SB, Wang Y, Wang YQ. Chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum armatum. I. Chem Nat Compd. 2018;54(5):998–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta S, Bhaskar G, Andola HC. Altitudinal variation in essential oil content in leaves of Zanthoxylum alatumRoxb. A high-value aromatic tree from Uttarakhand. Res J Med Plants. 2011;5:348–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurung K, Pyakurel D. Identification manual of commercial medicinal and aromatic plants of Nepal. Kathmandu: Nepal Herbs and Herbal Products Association (NEHHPA); 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertog WH, Wiersum KF. Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum) production in Nepal. Mt Res Dev. 2000;20(2):136–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrar M, Muhammad N. Evaluation of Zanthoxylum armatum DC for in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological screening. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011;5(14):1718–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrar M, Muhammad N, Barkatullah HK, Jahan F, Ashraf N. Antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activities of essential oils of Zanthoxylum armatum. Phytopharmacology. 2012a;3(1):191–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibrar M, Muhammad N, Tahir L. Antimicrobial evaluation, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in Zanthoxylum armatum DC. J Med Plants Res. 2012b;6(11):2105–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain N, Srivastava SK, Aggarwal KK, Ramesh S, Kumar S. Essential oil composition of Zanthoxylum alatum seeds from northern India. Flavour Fragrance J. 2001;16(6):408–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jan G, Khan MA, Gul F, Ahmad M, Jan M, Zafar M. Ethnobotanical study of common weeds of Dir Kohistan valley, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. Pak J Weed Sci Res. 2010;16(1):81–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jan HA, Wali S, Ahmad L, Jan S, Ahmad N, Ullah N. Ethnomedicinal survey of medicinal plants of Chinglai valley, Buner district, Pakistan. Eur J Integr Med. 2017;13:64–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi S, Gyawali A. Phytochemical and biological studies on Zanthoxylum armatum of Nepal. J Nepal Chem Soc. 2012;30:71–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi K, Joshi R, Joshi AR. Indigenous knowledge and uses of medicinal plants in Macchegaun, Nepal. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2011;10(2):281–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jothi G, Keerthana K, Sridharan G. Pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical studies on stem bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. 2019;12(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kala CP. Ethnomedicinal botany of the Apatani in the eastern Himalayan region of India. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2005;1:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-1-11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kala CP, Farooquee NA. Dhar. Traditional uses and conservation of Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum DC.) through social institution in Uttaranchal Himalaya, India. Conserv Soc. 2005;3(1):224–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kala CP, Singh SB. Revitalizing Indian systems of herbal medicine by the National Medicinal Plants Board through institutional networking and capacity building. Curr Sci. 2007;93(6):797–806.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kala CP, Farooquee NA, Dhar U. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers Conserv. 2004;13:453–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalia NK, Singh B, Sood RP. A new amide from Zanthoxylum armatum. J Nat Prod. 1999;62(2):311–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanwal R, Arshad M, Bibi Y, Asif S, Chaudhari SK. Evaluation of Ethnopharmacological and antioxidant potential of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. 2015; https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/925654.

  • Khan SM, Din NU, Sohail IU, Rahman FI, Iqbal Z, Ali Z. Ethnobotanical study of some medicinal plants of tehsil Kabal, district swat, KP, Pakistan. Med Aromat Plants. 2015;4(189):2167–0412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan MF, Rawat AK, Khatoon S, Hussain MK, Mishra A, Negi DS. In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic effect of extracts of Melia azedarach, Zanthoxylum alatum, and Tanacetumnubigenum. Integr Med Res. 2018;7(2):176–83.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants, vol. I. Allahabad; 1993. p. 461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunwar RM. Non-timber forest products of Nepal: a sustainable management approach: Center for Biological Conservation; 2006. p. 158–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunwar RM. Success stories of GIZ medicinal and aromatic plants (IN-MAPs) Nepal project (2015–2019). Report submitted to GIZ Nepal Kathmandu.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunwar RM, Bussmann RW. Medicinal, aromatic and dye plants of Baitadi and Darchula districts, Nepal Himalaya: status, uses and management. In: Hartmann M, Weipert J, editors. Biodiversität, Naturausstattung im Himalaya, vol. III. Erfurt; 2009. p. 475–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunwar RM, Nepal BK, Kshetri HB, Rai SK, Bussmann RW. Ethnomedicine in Himalaya: a case study from Dolpa, Humla, Jumla and mustang districts of Nepal. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2006;2:27.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kunwar RM, Chowdhary CL, Bussmann RW. Diversity, utilization and management of medicinal plants in Baitadi and Darchula districts, farwest Nepal. Initiation. 2008;21:157–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunwar RM, Upreti Y, Burlakoti C, Chowdhary CL, Bussmann RW. Indigenous use and ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants in far-West Nepal. Ethnobot Res Appl. 2009;7:5–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunwar RM, Mahat L, Acharya RP, Bussmann RW. Medicinal plants, traditional medicine, markets and management in far-West Nepal. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013;9:24.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kunwar RM, Acharya RP, Chowdhary CL, Bussmann RW. Medicinal plant dynamics in indigenous medicines in Farwest Nepal. J Ethnopharnacol. 2015;163:210–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunwar RM, Fadiman M, Cameron M, Bussmann RW, Thapa-Magar KB, Rimal B, Sapkota P. Cross-cultural comparison of plant use knowledge in Baitadi and Darchula districts, Nepal Himalaya. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2018;14:40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-018-0242-7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kunwar RM, Shrestha K, Malla S, Acharya T, Sementelli A, Kutal D. Relation of medicinal plants, their use patterns and availability in the lower Kailash sacred landscape, Nepal. Ethnobot Res Appl. 2019;187 https://doi.org/10.32859/era.18.6.1-14.

  • Luong NX, Van Hac L, Dung NX. Chemical composition of the leaf oil of Zanthoxylum alatumroxb. From Vietnam. J Essent Oil-Bearing Plants. 2003;6(3):179–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malik ZA, Bhat J, Ballabha R, Bussmann RW, Bhat AB. Ethnomedicinal plants traditionally used in health care practices by inhabitants of Western Himalaya. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;172:133–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malla B, Gauchan DP, Chhetri RB. Medico-ethnobotanical investigations in Parbat district of Western Nepal. J Med Plant Res. 2014;8(2):95–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manandhar NP. Traditional practice for oral health care in Nepal. J Econ Tax Bot. 1996;12:408–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manandhar NP. Plants and people of Nepal: Timber press; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medhi K, Deka M, Bhau BS. The genus Zanthoxylum–a stockpile of biological and ethnomedicinal properties. Open Access Sci Rep. 2013;2(3):1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehta DK, Das R, Bhandari A. In-vitro anthelmintic activity of seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Against PheretimaPosthuma. Int J Green Pharmacy. 2012;6(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohagheghzadeh A, Faridi P. Medicinal smokes. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;108:161–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mukhtar HM, Kalsi V. A review on medicinal properties of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Res J Pharm Technol. 2018;11(5):2131–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Negi J, Bisht R, Kandari NS. Major constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Essential oil. Iran J Pharmacol Ther. 2012;11(2):68–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul A, Kumar A, Singh G, Choudhary A. Medicinal, pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties of Zanthoxylum armatum: a review. 2018;7(4):892–900.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry LM. Medicinal plants of east and Southeast Asia: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phuyal N, Jha PK, Prasad Raturi P, Rajbhandary S. Zanthoxylum armatum DC.: current knowledge, gaps, and opportunities in Nepal. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;229:326–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phuyal N, Jha PK, Raturi PP, Gurung S, Rajbhandary S. Essential oil composition of Zanthoxylum armatum leaves as a function of growing conditions. Int J Food Prop. 2019;22(1):1873–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prajapati N, Ojha P, Karki TB. Antifungal property of essential oil extracted from Zanthoxylum armatum (Timur). J Nutr Health Food Eng. 2015;3(1):96–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash B, Singh P, Mishra PK, Dubey NK. Safety assessment of Zanthoxylum alatumRoxb. Essential oil, antifungal, antiaflatoxin, antioxidant activity, and efficacy as antimicrobial in the preservation of Piper nigrum L. fruits. Int J Food Microbiol. 2012;153(1–2):183–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajbhandari M, Mentel R, Jha PK, Chaudhary RP, Bhattarai S, Gewali MB, Karmacharya N, Hipper M, Lindequist U. Antiviral activity of some plants used in Nepalese traditional medicine. eCAM. 2007:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem156.

  • Rajbhandari M, Mentel R, Jha PK, Chaudhary RP, Bhattarai S, Gewali MB, Karmacharya N, Hipper M, Lindequist U. Antiviral activity of some plants used in Nepalese traditional medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009;6(4):517–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramidi R, Ali M, Velasco-Negueruela A, Pérez-Alonso MJ. Chemical composition of the seed oil of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. J Essent Oil Res. 1998;10(2):127–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ranawat L, Bhatt J, Patel J. Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts of bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC in CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;127(3):777–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rynjah CV, Devi NN, Khongthaw N, Syiem D, Majaw S. Evaluation of the antidiabetic property of aqueous leaves extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC using in vivo and in vitro approaches. 2018;8(1):134–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saikia B, Barua CC, Haloi P, Patowary P. Anticholinergic, antihistaminic, and antiserotonergic activity of n-hexane extract of Zanthoxylum alatum seeds on isolated tissue preparations: an ex vivo study. Indian J Pharm. 2017;49(1):42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saikia B, Barua CC, Sarma J, Haloi P, Tamuli SM, Kalita DJ, Purkayastha A, Barua AG. Zanthoxylum alatum ameliorates scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats: behavioral, biochemical, and molecular evidence. Indian J Pharm. 2018;50(1):30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarwat, Shinwari ZK, Ahmad N. Screening of potential medicinal plants from district sawat specific for controlling women diseases. Pak J Bot. 2012;44(4):1193–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sati SC, Sati MD, Raturi R, Badoni P, Singh H. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Zanthoxylum armatum stem bark. Global J Res Eng J General Eng. 2011;5:86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah GM, Khan MA. Common medicinal folk recipes of Siran valley, Mansehra, Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2006;2006(1):5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sher H, Bussmann RW, Hart R, de Boer HJ. Traditional use of medicinal plants among Kalasha, Ismaeli and Sunni groups in Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;188:57–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.059.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla A, Shukla RN. Medicinal and aromatic plants stakeholder directory 2014. Kathmandu: Jadibuti Association of Nepal; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh TP, Singh OM. Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. - an overview. Indian J Nat Prod Resour. 2011;2:275–85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh G, Kapoor IP, Singh P, Heluani CS, de Lampasona MP, Catalan CA. Chemistry and antioxidant properties of essential oil and oleoresins extracted from the seeds of tomer (Zanthoxylum armatum DC). Int J Food Prop. 2013;16(2):288–300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh TD, Meitei HT, Sharma AL, Robinson A, Singh LS, Singh TR. Anticancer properties and enhancement of therapeutic potential of cisplatin by leaf extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Biol Res. 2015;48(1):46.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Youssouf M, Malik ZA, Bussmann RW. Sacred groves: myths, beliefs and biodiversity conservation a case study from Western Himalaya, India. Int J Ecol. 2017:Article ID 3828609. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3828609.

  • Singh AP, Kumar M, Nagar B, Pala NA, Bussmann RW. Ethnomedicinal use of plant resources in Kirtinagar block of Tehri Garhwal in Western Himalaya. Ethnobot Res Appl. 2019;1814 https://doi.org/10.32859/era.18.14.1-11.

  • Southon IW, Buckingham J. Dictionary of alkaloids. London: Chapman and Hall; 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thakur D, Sharma A, Uniyal SK. Why they eat, what they eat: patterns of wild edible plants consumption in a tribal area of Western Himalaya. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2017;13:70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-017-0198-z.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Timilsina SH, Singh NB. Ethnobiology and indigenous knowledge about medicinal animals and plants in the Balami ethnic Group in Nepal. J Inst Sci Technol. 2014;19(2):79–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiwary M, Naik SN, Kumar D, Mittal PK, Yadav S. Chemical composition and larvicidal activities of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) against three mosquito vectors. 2007;198–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ur Rahman I, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Hart R, Abd Allah EF, Hashem A, Alsayed MF, Ijaz F, Ali N, Shah M, Bussmann RW, Calixto ES. Herbal teas and drinks: folk medicine of the Manoor Valley, lesser Himalaya, Pakistan. Plan Theory. 2019;8:581. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8120581.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Boecke L. MAPs and essential oils from Nepal: Deutsche Gesellschaft für; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma N, Khosa RL. Pharmacognostical studies on Zanthoxylum armatum leaves. Anc Sci Life. 2009;29(1):6.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Verma N, Khosa RL. Hepatoprotective effect of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Bioactive Compounds Phytomed. 2010;47(2):124–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waheed A, Mahmud S, Akhtar M, Nazir T, Al ET. Studies on the components of essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum by GC-MS. Am J Anal Chem. 2011;2:258–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z, Raven PH, Hong D, editors. Flora of China. Beijing/St. Louis: Science Press/Missouri Botanical Garden Press; 1994–2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z, Ravem P, Deyuan H. Flora of China illustrations (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Beijing/St. Louis: Science Press/MBG Press; 2019. p. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu D, Zhuo Z, Wang R, Ye M, Pu B. Modeling the distribution of Zanthoxylum armatum in China with MaxEnt modeling. Global Ecol Conserv. 2019; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00691.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rainer W. Bussmann .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Sapkota, B. et al. (2021). Zanthoxylum armatum DC.Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. Rutaceae. In: Kunwar, R.M., Sher, H., Bussmann, R.W. (eds) Ethnobotany of the Himalayas. Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45597-2_261-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45597-2_261-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-45597-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-45597-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics