JB355
GEOMETRIC PYROTECHNICS
MORE
READABLE BASIC WITH
LBS1
GotB We just did something only the
n do! We made our award winning*
nd 64 computers even better!^
software for Hie Commodore'" 1 Introducing... Pock«l Writer 2/wor cessor Pocket Planner 2/ spread sheet Po
Filer 2/dalabase
Our new Pockel 2 series offers i only in much more sophisticated
Features thai include: compota'
I
iri —suaily found Jfe __ Hons softwaie. with the new
o work with the GEOS operating sysl Commodore RAM e: allow a RAM disk, mouse support with pull down menus, 1571 burst mode for foster file loading, increased support for two two en single disk drive flic configuration for screen color, formal an Sophist ica'
You can b
. selecliont-
.. i o yes, and still easy to use,
' _ jnning in under 30 minules even
i!ed a computer before. Now, whan wli you upgrade your Commodore™ 64
if you hov
to a software helps make it a breeze. The o 128, Pocket Pc new Pocket 2 software hosboth 128 and 64 applica tions on the same disk. So when you buy one you are actually buying two software packages. The cost, only $59.95 (U.S.).
' r1"" '\ ' ' '" "■ ''h '
i [r-[itii-r Service No. 109
in one convenient Superpak for the law price i
only S99.95(U.S.)< A super waytodiscov<S|
integrated features of Pocket 2 software on almost eighty dollars.
As a companion to Pocket Writer 2, o Dictiono
Disk containing 32,000 words (expandable to 40,( is available. The cost S14.95 (U.S.).
^°r 'noie °f y°u w^° hove already discovered the
many benefits of owning Pocket soflwore; we offer all registered owners upgrade Pocket 2 soflwore for only S 19.95 (U.S.) plus 3.00 (U.S.)shipping and handling!
Available only by writing to Digital Solutions Inc "Commodore's Micro-camp u I en Magazine, independent reviewers,
raled the original Pockel Writer 128/64 and Pixkel Planner 12B/64
software ihe''Annual Bon of 1986" in ihe produrtiviiy category. ln>ff.'narj"onal Distributor Cnqui'ici to
'///// Digital
'f/f/j Solutions
////
Serious Software •': •
You can buy all three Pocket 2 applications, Pocket Writer 2, Pocket Planner 2 and Pocket I
Use
Canndu L4fl IB"
it!* i ■■.!<■>"<■;<! ,'vl:,
Superpaki
The Solution That Saves Money!
Pre i idem/Pu blither Michael Schneider
Editor David Allikas
Art Diroetor JoAnn Case Managing Editor Michael R. Davila
Senior Editori
Tim Little Tim Moriarty Production Director Ijiura Pallini
CONTENTS
Technical Editor! David Barron Bob Uoret
Consulting Editors
DEPARTMENTS A View from the Bridge...(>/ the April issue o/Ahoy!
Ben Bova Morion Kevehon Dale Rupert
7
Entertainment Editor
Scuttlebutt... new C-64 peripherals from Commodore, and more. 8
1/iii< Katz Art Production
Reviews... current software run through the Ahoy! wringer.
65
Tips Ahoy!.../icf a foul one in the bunch.
72
Victoria Green
Commodores...we can smell the wood chips burning already.
86
Bulletin Board SYSOP
Program Listings...games and utilities to keypunch and enjoy.
93
Christopher Carter
B.W. Behling Circulation Director
W. Charles Squires Advertising Director Lynne Dominick
FEATURES
Director of Promotion Mark Kammerer
Rupert Report: Fractals by Dale Rupert*
20
Entertainment Software Section (contents on page 41)
41
Amiga Section: Preview of the Amiga 2000
53
COMAL Column: COMAL, Turtle Graphics, and Logo
77
"Includes program: Fractal Maker for the C-128
Controller Dan Tunick
Managing Director Richard Stevens Advertising Representative
JE Publishers' Representative 6855 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200 Ij>s Angeles, CA 90038
(213) 467-2266 Boston (617)437-7628 Dallas (214) 660-2253 IVew York (212) 724-7767 Chicago (312) 445-2489
PROGRAMS Pieman for the C-64 by Bob Blackmer
15
Denver (303) 595-4331
San Francisco (415) 864-3252
Scrambler for the C-64 by Tony Brantner
31
Planet Duel for the C-128 by Cleveland M. Blakemore
34
Infoflow for the C-128 by Cleveland M. Blakemore
37
Laps for the C-64 by James C. Hilly
63
Extended Background Mode for the C-128 by R. Harold Droid
82
List Formatter for the C-128 by Shawn K. Smith
85
Bug Repellents for the C-64 and C-128 by Kleinert & Barron
94
sponsibility can be accepted Tor unsolicited materi
Flankspeed for the C-64 by Gordon F. Wheat
95
J41h Street. Suilt 407, New York, NT 10001. Direct
Cover art by James Regan and Joile Tee
ISSUE NO. 40
Ahoy! (ISSN
APRIL 1987
. "■; ■ Mi is published monthly by Ian
Inirrnatlonal Inc., 45 W. 34th SI., Sulie 407, New
\ork, NY, 10001. Subscription rate: 12 issue for S23XMX 24 issues [or S44JM (Canada S30JHI and $55,00 respectively}. Second class postage paid at ■Mi* Wirk, NY 10001 and additional mailing offices.
c 1986 by ion Iniemntlongl Inc. All rights reserved. c under Ijnivcrutl International and Pin American Copyright convent I ims. Reproduction of ccHtorial nr pictorial content In any manner Ls prohibited. No re
al- IWr:
i ,.
'.'I . Ill,
• ■
;,.:,■'.':■■.'. 45 W.
all address changes or matters concerning your sub
scription to Ahoy.', RO. Bra #341, ML Moms, IL 61054. All editorial Inquiries and software and hardwarc to he reviewed should be sent to Ahoy!, 45 W.
34th St.. Suite407, New York, NY 10001.
'WITH PURCHASE OF SPECIALLY
PRICED SOFTWARE PACKAGE
FREE HOME TRIAL
FACTORY SERVICED FULL WARRANTY
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• Includes Both...
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COMMODORE READY
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C&!
II=W I=ROM 71-11= I?R nee upon a time in the home computer
• James C. Hilty's Laps whips you around a 3-D track
world, companies took turns releasing the
as you and another player compete for entry in the Ion
Ultimate
International 500. (Turn to page 63.)
Machine.
One
manufacturer's
pride and joy would barely reach the shelves before a more powerful, more cost-efficient, or otherwise
superior rival would be announced.
• R. Harold Droid places the VIC chip's Extended Background Mode—nox supported by BASIC 7.0-at the disposal of C-128 programmers. (Turn to page 82.)
Then came the Amiga 1000. We spent the following
• Our Entertainment Software Section takes a patri
year and a half wailing for it to be eclipsed. It didn't
otic turn this month with Commodoring for the Cup, pro
happen.
filing the new America's Cup yacht racing simulations
But—what a great country this is. To preserve the com petitive spirit of the microcomputer marketplace, Com
from Electronic Arts and Mindscape, and New Baseball Games in Town, running down this season's additions to the national pastime. Also featured are full-length looks at Video Vegas, Howard the Duck, and Titanic: The Re
modore has surpassed its own creation! While we saw the Amiga 2000 at a closed-door pre sentation in Commodore's New York offices in Decem
covery Mission. (Turn to page 41.)
ber, we were bound to silence until after the machine's late February release date. But as of this issue, the story can be told—and is told in graphic detail by Morton Kev-
cross section of the hundreds of programming and hard
elson, beginning on page 53. You can't buy an Amiga 2000 yet-but there's plenty in this issue of Ahoy! to keep you busy on your 64 and 128 until you can: • What a dirty trick Dale Rupert's been playing on
us these past three years. We thought we were just learn ing programming from the Rupert Report, and having
a whale of a time doing it. But it recently dawned on us that the sneak has been retcaching us all the high school and college math we forgot, and many new concepts be
sides. The painless learning process continues this month with a lesson on Fractals, along with a program for crea ting recursively generated curves. (Turn to page 20.) • Making good on his promise to cover a great deal
• As usual, Tips Ahoy! provides a cream of the crop ware hints we receive each month (turn to page 72); Com
modores offers several evenings' worth of intellectual de light or living hell—depending on your perspective (turn to page 86); and Scuttlebutt capsulizes the most current prerelease information on software, peripherals, and other items for Commodore users. (Turn to page 8.)
There's more waiting for you inside. And we'll be wait ing to hear what you think. -David Allikas
Businesses Need An Edge!
Commodore Computer Owners
Have One...
besides COMAL in our new column devoted to the lan
guage, Richard Herring discusses Turtle Graphics, COMAL, and Logo this month. (Turn to page 77.)
-Serial Box=
• When Cleveland Blakemore told us he was work ing on his first productivity program for Ahoy!, we be
64 K SERIAL PORT PRINT BUFFER
gan counting the days. We knew that if he programmed
A SERIAL BOX lets you print one job
it to the same exacting standards as Vault of Terror, The
while you are working on another.
Lass Ninja, and other classic games, the result would be too amazing to picture. As it turned out, Cleve provided the pictures-with Infoflow, an icon-driven database for the C-128. (Turn to page 37.) • But in embarking on a second programming career, Cleve has not deserted his specialty. This issue also fea tures Planet Duel, a two-player space battle in BASIC 7.0. (Turn to page 34.)
• If the bags of gold distributed throughout Tony Brantners latest game don*t turn you into a Scrambler, the laser-
firing robot sentries will! (Turn to page 34.) • Shawn K. Smith's list formatter rearranges crunched C-128 code into a more readable format without sacrific ing speed. (Turn to page 85.) • Bob Blackmer dishes up Pieman, requiring you to
cope in the best Lucy Ricardo tradition with a conveyor belt gone bonkers. (Turn lo page 15.)
No Waiting.. .More Computing... More Output.. .Good Business.
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7
CCUTTU5BUT
1WI
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AMIGA MUSIC • NEW PRINTERS • C-128 DESIGN • SUPPORT FOR MSD DRIVE, B-128 • MIDI SEQUENCER • GAMES FROM MICROPROSE, INFOCOM, AaiVISION • LESSON PLANNER • CABLES FOR PLUS/4, 128 • 1200 BAUD MODEM • COMMODORE PERIPHERALS AND 128D COMMODORE PERIPHERALS While the biggest news to come out of Commodore this month is detailed
beginning on page 53 of this issue, three new peripherals were show cased at January's Consumer Elec tronics Show:
• The Commodore 1581 3.5" Disk Drive ($399) provides C-64, C-128, Plus/4, and C-16 users with faster data transfer (three times that of the 1541),
and greater storage capacity (808K). (Another advanlage of 3 W disks is of course lhc protection afforded by
Commodore's 1764 RAM Ex
pander increas es the capacity
of the C-64 to five times its
unexpanded size, adding 256K RAM. READER SERVICE NO. 157
their hard shells —until you have to shell out for them.) •
The
1764
RAM
The Commo Expansion
dore 1581 3.5"
($129) plugs into the expansion port
disk drive has
of a C-64 to add 256K of memory.
a data transfer
Included arc two RAM disk pro
rate three times
grams, one for use with GEOS and
that of the 1541,
one without, for utilizing the RAM
and over 800K
moduie as a pseudo-disk drive for in
storage capaci
stantaneous loading and saving of
ty per disk.
programs.
READER
• The Commodore 1351 Mouse
SERVICE NO. 158
($49.00) for the 64 or 128 offers a choice of joystick or proportional op erating mode, the latter providing for a faster, more responsive onscreen pointer. Commodore Business Machines, Inc., 215-431-9100 (see address list, page 14).
128D AND PC CLONES Commodore also announced the release in the United States of three
machines previously available in the rest of the world:
• While 100% C-128 compatible,
The 128D sports an in-
console disk drive and a de tached key
board. But de spite the new configuration,
it is 100% C128 compatible. READER SERVICE NO. 159
the 128D ($550) features IBM AT-
8
like styling with an in-console disk
placement of the monitor on top of
of included floppy drives, each fea
drive and a detachable keyboard. The main benefit is the unit's smaller foot
the CPU.
ture IBM compatibility and built-in
print, with additional space saved by
($1199), differing only in the number
AHOYl
■ The PC10-1 ($999) and PC10-2
serial and parallel ports and mono
chrome/color display cards.
CABLES & ACCESSORIES HARDWARE & SOFTWARE RS232 tox
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6 Ft. 6 Pindin Male/Male 9 Ft. 6 Pindin Male/Male 18 Ft. 6 Pindin Male/Male 6 Ft. 6 Pindin Male/Male 6 Ft. Centronics, Male/Male
$6.95 $3.95 $16.95 $6.95 $14.95
6 Ft. RS232, 25 Pin, Male/Female 9 Ft. 6 Pindin, Male Rt. Angle/Male 12 Ft. Joystick Extension
314.95 $9.95 $8.95
6 Ft. Centronics, Male/Female
$14.95
6 Ft. 90" Angle 1541 Powercord
53.95 $5.95 $6.95
IC Puller (No more poked fingers)
$4.95
Handy Fuse Puller
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Save your Joystick Ports from damage with this
Port Extender
With
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DI-SECTOR (Latest Version) Di-iecl all of lh« loieit iof!wara, moko archival backupi of the hordlogol stuff. Thii ii 10 much more lhan a copy programl II hoi all rho copian you wonl. plui an incredible file copier. Ml monitor, lector
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Connects Iwo computer) io one printer or diik drive, or lhare your drive and printer between two computer*, link two printori lo one
compute'1. Switch from one device lo another. Mod. 1: Two 6 pindin fernole socked and A' cable
Mod. 2: IWob o pindin lomolo lockeH; can S29.95 be
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C128 Reference 75
Ihe
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till lyilem oddi on exciting naw dimnmion lo all of your tound pro ducing loltwarel 100H ilareo lound from your Commodore 64. It even hoi a builMn amp lo powar ipeoken directly. ,,
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Port Mlnltestar Change your port Diagnose RS232 either way. communication Male/Male $8.95 problems. 7 LED
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5 TERMINAL PHONE
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PRECISION PERIPHERALS & SOFTWARE Call today / P.O. Box 20395
Portland, Ore. 97220
DEALERS and SCHOOLS WELCOME
Add $2.00 .hipping ft handling. VISA, M.C.
RfYllO^A-TRtt
sJ\JOI£*JL+ f "^
Commodore Business Machines,
Inc., 215^31-9100 (see address list, page 14).
Commodore's PC10-1 and
C-64/118 AND AMIGA GAMES
POO-2 (pic
The Augusta and Pinehurst courses are included on Access Software's Fa mous Courses of the World ($19.95), for use with Leader Board for the C64. Each hole reproduces the dis tance, traps, water hazards, and rough
of these courses. Access
Software,
dual drive tured) are IBM clones featur ing built-in
parallel and se rial ports and monochrome/ color display
801-298-9077
cards.
(see address list, page 14). Tom Clancy's "Red Storm Rising" will be adapted for MicroProse by Sid Meier (F-15 Strike Eagle, Silent
READER SERVICE NO. 160
Service) sometime in late 1987. The
Trailblazer lets one or two players race SOCCCT balls through networks of
players against Ninja assassins, sho-
game will be the first of a possible
changing
series based on the million-selling
guns,
screen. 20 fixed courses and a ran
novel.
panthers on over
dom course are included. Parallax puts you and four other astronauts on an alien planet, where you must thwart an imminent attack
trap-filled screens.
MicroProse, 301-771-1151 {see ad dress list, page 14).
Five C-64 arcade entertainments from Mindscape, each $29.95: llridium pits you against a squad ron of Super-Dreadnought ships aim
ing to deplete your galactic sector's mineral resources.
color
grids
on
a
split
on Earth.
Ucfii Mara lets martial artists prac tice all the major judo throws while competing against another player or the computer.
FIST: Vie Legend Continues pits warriors,
mercenaries,
and
100 puzzle- and
Mindscape, Inc., 312-480-7667 (see
address list, page 14). The first release in Activision's Sol id Gold series, featuring two old stan dards in one package for under $15, will be Pitfall! and Demon Attack.
Activision, Inc., 415-960-0410 (see address list, page 14). New from Infocom: Hollywood Hijinx worthy of the worst "B" movies are what you'll be
SAVE WITH THE AHOY! DISK MAGAZINE
dragged
into
as
you
search
the
sprawling Malibu home of your de ceased movie mogul uncle for the ten treasures hidden there. If you find
The money-saving subscription rates for Ahoy! magazine and the Ahoy!
them all in one night, the shooting
If you subscribe to the Ahoy! Disk Magazine - magazine and disk pack
and Amiga ($39.95). Douglas Adams' Bureaucracy en tangles the gainer in miles of red tape, starting with a bank's refusal to ac
program disk are now even lower! '
aged together-you'll receive the two at substantial savings over the indi
vidual subscription prices! YEARLY SINGLE
PRICE (12 ISSUES) Magazine: $ 23.00
Disk:
$ 79.95
TOTAL:
TOTAL:
$102.95
$142.80
knowledge your change-of-address
SER\RATE
ISSUE PRICE (12 ISSUES) Magazine: $ 35.40 Disk: $107.40
match is yours. For the 64 ($34.95)
SUBSCRIPTION
DISK MAOAXIN1 12 issuis
Use the postpaid card bound between pages 66 and 67 of this magazine
to subscribe. (Canadian and foreign prices are higher.)
The Ahoy! Disk Magazine is also available at Waldcnbooks and B. Dal-
ton's bookstores, as well as other fine software outlets.
form and leading, just as you'd ex pect, to a tree in the Zalagasan jun
gle (among other places). Zork I, II, and /// are now avail able in a single package as The Zork Trilogy. For the C-64; $59.95. Infocom and science museums throughout North America arc host ing a series of marathon gaming ses sions for high school students, with the first team to solve the designated text adventure winning a personal
computer for its school. None were scheduled far enough in advance for
10
AHOY!
"COMAL seems to be the ideal language to use in the middle school." â&#x20AC;˘ Robert Patry
"COMAL is the optimal educational computing language." - Jim Ventola
"If languages interest you, this one is well worth a look ... You may find that it's just
what you have been looking
for." - Jim Butterfield, COMPUTE! magazine
"COMAL was just what I was looking for." - Colin Thompson, RUN magazine
Gridiron! utilizes 500K of Amiga memory to combine realistic strategy with READER SERVICE NO. 161 fast action. us to report on here, but a call to In-
draft players, design his own ballpark,
focom will procure you the latest
and assemble an all-star team. Spe
dates and locations. Infocom, Inc., 617-492-6000 (see
cial TV effects like slow motion,
address list, page 14). The 500K Gridiron! ($69.95) lets
freeze frame, and instant replay make for more realistic gameplay. Earl's ad vice is available in the program for
sive players, and control the action
consultation on key decisions. The PHM Pegasus combat simula tion for the 64 ($39.95) puts players in control of a hydrofoil missile craft
as it occurs in real time. All players
as they battle enemy vessels in eight
move according to instructions across
water war assignments.
Amiga users set II individual player characteristics, including the speed and strength of offensive and defen
a detailed playing field, accompan
50% larger in code size and more
ied by digital audio sound effects re taken straight from the playbook
challenging than its predecessor, Vie Bard's Tale II: Vie Destiny Knight ($39.95) centers around the C-64
(consisting of 20 offense and 20 de
gamer's attempt to find and reassem
fense) or modified.
ble the fragments of the Destiny Wand and restore the Realm to peace and prosperity. (Additionally, the or iginal Bard's Tale has been released
corded at a live game. Plays may be
Bethesda Softworks, 301469-7061
(see address list, page 14). From Electronic Arts: As an agent of an organization known only as The Foundation, the Amiga user seeks to Return to Atlan
"I don't have enough space to list alt the good points.'" -
Noland Brown, Midnite Software Gazette
"I can recommend a better,
faster, and cheaper programming language ... the most user friendly language around." - Mark Brown, INFO magazine
"Combines some of the best features of languages like Logo, Modula, Pascal, and Ada in an easy to use format." -
Ahoy magazine
"COMAL seems to be bringing
back an interest in programming," - G Stafford
in an enhanced Amiga version for $49.95.) EA has launched its new Amazing
tis ($49.95) by completing 14 under-
Software line of under-$20 games for
waier missions in various internation
the teen male market with Dan Dare:
al locales. The two-disk graphic ad venture contains over 40,000 words
Pilot of the Future, described as "the
of text.
C-64 screen becomes a comic book
first inieractive comic book." Each
Find out for yourself. Just send us a 39 cent stamped self addressed envelope. We'll send you our 24 page COMAL information booklet.
panel that the user controls, with cap
COMAL Users Group USA Ltd
winningest managers. Ear! Weaver Baseball for the Amiga ($49.95) lets
tions. 3-D graphics, mazes, puzzles,
6041 Monona Drive, Room 111
fist fights, and a soundtrack.
Madison, WI
the skipper set lineups, trade and
Finally, the following new addi-
Co-authored by one of baseball's
53716
phone:(608) 222-4432
AHOY!
11
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A SPECIAL OFFER TO AHOV! READERS With your FREE QuantUmUnk Starter Kii you can connect to a useful and fun online network al a very affordable price. QuaniumLink will help you gel the* rBOSt nut of your Commodore 64i or 128™. Here's how.
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ltSftl.Utl.fLl.il 111)
Ml
lh& olfci Is \jlid ihiuugh 12/31/87. Finder Service No. 122
NEWS tions to EA's line of repackaged, under-$15 Software Classics, some of which we can remember bouncing on
our knee mere months ago: Archon II: Adept, Skyfox, Ultimate Wizard, Movie Maker, Financial Cookbook, and Mind Mirror. Electronic Arts, 415-960-0410 (see address list, page 14).
C-128 DESIGN PROGRAM A drawing program designed for the C-128 incorporating the 1750 512K RAM option, T.H.I.S. (Tech nological Highbred Integrated Sys
tem) includes 100% tracking in all graphic modes, four drawing screens, seven font styles, a 48K print buffer, and many other features. It can be
had with light pen ($159) or without THE B-128 LIVES For sheer shock value, we thought we'd never top last month's announce ment of new software for the PET 8032, put to sleep years ago by Com modore. But we're able to do it eas ily this issue with the announcement
($59). Micro Aided Designs, 714-680-
of the Chicago B-128 Users Group In
umn displays on any composite moni
ternational. The organization is dedi cated to the support of the computer that Commodore itself supported for only a few weeks following its release
tor with RCA jacks. The 80 Column Mono Cable for the Commodore 1701 and 1702 monitors has a switch for toggling between 40 and 80 col
in 1983, before withdrawing it in fa
umns. The 40/80 Column Switch Ca
vor of the C-64. Actually in opera
ble is for all other monitors with RCA
tion for over a year, CBUG has made
jacks, also with a toggle. (Neither ca
available working co-processors, hi
quarterly newsletter of over 80 pag
ble is intended for use with RGB monitors such as the Commodore 1902, or with any standard TV set.) INCA, 619-224-1177 (see address
es. B-128 owners should contact the
list, page 14).
res boards, and previously shelved software, along with publishing a
5179 (see address list, page 14).
INCA LINKER Two cables made for the C-128 by INCA permit monochrome 80 col
group for information.
HOW DOES IT RATE? Overall Rating
A
Ease of Use
A
Documentation
A
Reliability
A
Error Handling
A
Value for Money
A
Commodore 64 disk COMAL
Starters Kit rated b) ' The Book of Commodore 64 Software
10
Performance Ease of Use
9
Reliability
9
Documentation
8
Commodore 64 disk COMAL rated by The Best Vic/C64 Software
Overall rating:
* * * * *
Commodore 64 COMAL cartridge rated by INFO magazine (5 stars is the highest possible rating)
Chicago B-128 Users Group, 414-
743-4151 (see addres list, page 14).
Overall rating:
MUD DRIVE SUPPORT
rated by INFO magazine
On the subject of adopting or
phans, David W. Martin has written and published The MSD DOS Refer ence Guide for owners of MSD sin gle and dual drives (no longer being
COMAL is a well designed programming language
available for the following
manufactured). Provided are com
computer systems:
mented RAM and source code ROM
memory maps, plus a number of pro gram listings. Price is $20 for the
book, $6 for a program disk, and $3 shipping (Canada $30, $8, and $7). David W. Martin (see address list, page 14).
C64 disk: £29.95
C64/C128 cartridge: $138.95 Cables for 80-column C-128 display. READER SERVICE NO. 149
Apple He / lie - late 1987
provides public domain software, a readers who send self-addressed en
velopes or disks with self-addressed mailers. Contact Paul E. Eckler for details. MSD Information Exchange (see address list, page 14).
IBM PC & MS-DOS: $395.00 CP/M: $109.95 Apple Macintosh - late 1987
The MSD Information Exchange newsletter, and other materials to
• • • •
Commodore 64 COMAL disk
AMIGA DISK MANAGER CU-Mate ($34.95) makes it possi ble to perform Amiga disk operations
without using the CLI or Workbench. Users can rename and delete files, make directories, create multiple file copies, adjust page length, margins,
COMAL Users Group USA Ltd 60-11 Monona Drive, Room 111 Madison,
WI
53716
phone: (608) 222-4432
AHOY!
13
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FEO UP WITH SYNTAX ERRORS? H£LPM*5TEHM[)iOYi(ln*lniNiniOri Llrll HllDIICTUnl Ujf <H fi9 (IASIC commund* whfui you nttHtj im»m TnkiH nu BASIC HAM Nu InltMlWiCl *it<l lOMtn^, ^^iim| <j[li1inn nr running
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and maintains test and treatment rec ords. The programs will conduct cost and consumption analysis, and record
page 14).
PRINTER OUTPUT
ONLY (30.00
TIRED OF SWITCHING CABLES? VIDEO
and page numbers, and produce screen or printed output in HEX or ASCII format. A view utility permits the accessing, viewing, and copying of IFF formatted pictures. Progressive Peripherals & Soft ware. 303-825-4144 (see address list,
,r ,. i i
124 16
OTHER MASTER SOFTWARE ITEMS RESET MASTER r,i,,.1 iwiirh WDII imial pmis
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FREE SPIRIT'S FIFTH The latest in the scries. Music of the Masters V includes over 50 themes from popular classical works,
such as Beethoven's Fifth, the Blue Danube, and March of the Toreadors.
Price of the C-64 disk is $9.95; or all five volumes can be purchased for
$38.95 (shipping free).
any maintenance action and its costs.
Free Spirit Software, Inc., 312-3527323 (see address list, page 14).
Epson has reduced list prices on four of its dot matrix printers: the LQ-800 (to $699 from $799), the LQ1000 (to $995 from $1095), the LX86 (to $299 from $349), and the EX800 (to $649 from $749). Epson America, Inc., 213-539-9140 (see address list, page 14).
The Seikosha SP-120O\I ($319) prints at 120 cps in draft and 25 cps
Free Spirit Software, 312-352-7323 (see address list, page 14).
in NLQ mode, at a noise level un der 52 dBA. Features include remov able tractor unit and automatic sin
DEEP END SOFTWARE Swimming Poo! Chemistry Data
Sand lor Free Catalog
base for the C-128 ($19.95) calculates
eJoi' nvAitr;:r/.:r:;r;;.: 6 Hmniy Cl.
gle sheet loading. Seikosha America Inc., 201-5294655 (sec address list, page 14).
the required doses of pool chemicals
"* "
Randtllitown. MO 21111
Continued on page 114
Companies Mentioned in Scuttlebutt
Rradar Service No. 1
Access Software, Inc.
2561 South 1560 West
Can Your Computer Make
Torrancc. CA 90505 Phone: 213-539-9140
Woods Cross. UT 84087 Phone: 801-298-9077
Mindscape Inc. 3444 Dundee Road Northbrook, IL 60062
Free Spirit Software
Phone: 312-480-7667
538 S. Edgewood
YOU
Activision, Inc.
UGrangc, IL 60525
Passport Designs Inc.
2350 Bayshorc Parkway
Phone: 312-352-7323
625 Miramontcs Street
Mountain View, CA 94043 Phone: 415-960-0410
Half Moon Bay, CA 94019 INCA
Phone: 415-726-0280
1249 Downing Street
LOTTERY your
e me raw power ol
play the various PICK 4, LUCKY
comp
lottery game
LOTTERY Believe
We do not
tHerc
lhan
'original" LOTTI
the
Bethesda Soft works
P.O. Box 789
R.M. Harris
9208 Burning Tree Road
Imperial Beach. CA 92032
P.O. Box 12303
Bethesda, MD 20817
Phone: 619-224-1177
Fort Wayne. IN 46863
Infocom, Inc.
Seikosha America Inc
Phone: 301-469-7061
Chicago B-128 Users Group 1723 Michigan
125 CambridgcPark Drive
1111 Macarthur Boulevard
Cambridge, MA 02140
Mahwah, NJ 07430
Phone: 617-492-6000
Phone: 201-529-4655
MSD Information
Small Systems Software
Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 Phone: 414-743-4151
Exchange Commodore Business each plus p« orta i a
5% sales tan
Wellsburg, WV 26070
Terre Haute, IN 47803
Phone: 304-737-2891
West Chester. PA 19380
Micro Aided Designs
Tuneworks, Inc.
Phone: 215-431-9100
1311 South Highland Drive
444 Lake Cook Road
Fullcrton. CA 92632 Phone: 714-680-5179
Deerricld. IL 60015 Phone: 312-948-9200
San Mateo, CA 94404
MicroProse
Trans Com, Inc.
Phone: 415-571-7171
120 Lakefront Drive
703-13 Annoreno Drive
Hunt Valley. MD 21030
Addison. IL 60101
Phone: 301-771-1151
Phone: 312-543>9O55
Machines, Inc.
1200 Wilson Drive
Electronic Arts
C 0 D order* call [312] 566-1647 SuperwMicroSysiemt.inc p 0 Srji n 3 - wheeling il 6OO90 Ofaiet mijLi'fifs wriromp'
Raider Sarvlce Nor
14
AHOY!
150 Chapman Drive
2705 Hulman Street
1820 Gateway Drive
Epson America, Inc. 2780 Lomita Boulevard
For the C-64 By Bob Blackmer eeding lo make a little extra cash, you are elated to hear about an opening at the Ahoy! Pie Emporium as a counterman. After an
interview with the manager, he agrees to hire you. You listen attentively as he describes your duties,
press the fire button of a joystick plugged in Port 2. You
which consist of taking pies off the conveyor line and
will now have a pie, which you take to the service coun
giving them to the waiting customers. You say to your
ter. When you are in front of the customer, press the fire
self, "This job is a piece of cake!" After serving several
button and you will make a sate. After you have sold
customers and brimming with confidence, you begin to sense that the piemaking machine is running a little fast.
a number of pies, the conveyor will speed up. A! this
Not having the experience to service the machine, you do your best as some of the pies begin to hit the floor.... Pieman is a colorful arcade game for the C-64 written in machine language. The object of the game is to serve all the customers that show up at the Ahoy! Pie Emporium. To take a pie, position yourself so you can see your hands above the conveyor line and when a pie goes by,
you have ruined 30 pies, the Ahoy! Pie Emporium will
point, some pies will begin to land on the floor. When close to clean up and hire a new counterman. How many pies can you sell? Pieman must be entered using Flankspeed (see page 87). After typing in and saving Pieman, reset the computer and
LOAD "PIEMAN"8,I. Then SYS 49152 to start. □ SEE PROGRAM LISTING ON PAGE 94
DISKS
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We Line Our Customers! COMMODORE 64c
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sales 259.95
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TV TUNER
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Now switch your computer
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just a flick of the switch to
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This is the affordable printer
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[ monitor! Inputs included for 300
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sales 49.95
size, 80 column dot matrix, heat transfer printer features upper and lower case, underline, graphics, word processing, and much more.
14" RGB &
interchange. Extra large carriage,
typewriter keyboard, automatic margin control, compact. lightweight, drop in cassette ribbon! Includes Centronics Parallel Interface
sales 39 95
List SI30
COMPOSITE COLOR MONITOR
PRINTER & TYPEWRITER COMBINATION Superb Silver Reed letter quality
has dual UHF/VHF selector
ohm, 75 ohm, and UHF.
List $349
12" 80 COLUMN MONITOR
List S199
List $299
COMSTAR 1000
160-180 CPS N.L.Q. 180 PRINTER
PRINTER
This printer has a Near Letter
Quality button on the front panel. Mo more turning the printer on and off. The 8K buffer will free up your computer four times faster
High Resolution, 80 column Monitor. Switch from RGB to
I Composite. (C12S - IBM -Apple) RGB cable S19.95. Add S14.50 shipping.
sale $237.00
High Resolution amber or green screen monitor. 80 col. \ 1000
lines at center. Non-glare screen. Works terrific with IBM, Apple and Laser business computers.
Print letters, documents, etc., at 100 cps. Works in Near Letter Quality mode. Features are dot addressable graphics, adjustable
tractor and friction feed, margin
settings, pica, elite, condensed,
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Elite, Italics, and Condensed print. lifetime Warrant) on Print Head plus 6 month immediate
replacement warranty.
sales 199.00
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1200 BAUD MODEM Save time and money with this
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PUPIERT RliPORT l *r- -
- -â&#x20AC;&#x17E;-
^â&#x2013; fe* metals are paradoxical in nature. Fractals are the most complicated geometrical structures
1 wM* imaginable. On the other hand, (hey may be ^W
created by repeatedly applying very simple
rules.
The mathematical concepts involving fractals have been studied since the early 1900's. It is only recently with
the advent of high-powered computers and graphics dis plays that these geometric marvels have become front page news.
This month we wil] look at one type of fractal construc tion, recursively generated curves. We will develop a pro gram for the C-128 to show various stages of fractal crea tion. The techniques will be applicable to other computers, but they must provide a line-drawing routine to imple ment the program.
BEAUTY IN RIPITITION To create a fractal curve, start with a line segment called the "initiator." To this initiator apply some rule called the "generator." The generator will generally break, the initia
tor into smaller segments of various orientations. The next step of fractal generation is to apply the generator rule to each of the small segments created by the first
application. This process is repeated as desired (or until computer memory or graphics resolution are exceeded), The initiator and the first two applications of a gener ator are shown in Figure 1. The initiator for our purposes
is a horizontal line segment starting at the point (0,0). We are using standard cartesian-coordinate notation. The
first number of the pair is the X or horizontal position. The second number is the Y or vertical position. The generator in this example subdivides the initiator horizontally into thirds, so we will think of the initiator as extending from (0,0) to (3,0). This generator consists of four segments as shown in Figure IB. The segments go from point (0,0) to (1,0), from (1,0) to (2,1), from (2,1) to (2,0), and from (2,0) to (3,0). In words, this generator on a horizontal initiator may be described as "right one unit, up and right one unit, down one unit, right one unit." "Righf means in the posi
tive x direction, and "up" means in the positive y direc tion. The generator always starts at (0,0), the left-hand point of the initiator, and it must eventually end up at the right-hand point of the initiator. The generator in Figure IB is the Level 1 fractal curve. To create the Level 2 curve, apply the generator rules to each of the four segments in the Level 1 curve. Sim ply divide each of the segments in Figure IB into thirds and construct a miniature of the Level 1 curve on each segment. The results are shown in Figure 1C.
zrzilc
The terms "right" and "up" are not exactly appropriate
for a segment which is not horizontal from left to right.
However, for such segments, just rotate the segment until
it is horizontal, then apply the generator rules, and final ly rotate it back.
BRING ON THE SOFTWARE Level 1 and Level 2 curves can readily be drawn by hand. Beyond the Level 2 curve, the use of pencil and paper becomes ledious and error-prone indeed. To the rescue comes the personal computer with its wonderful graphics capabilities. The program Fractal Maker on page 110 provides a general-purpose fractal generating tool. The program is written for the C-128. To implement it on the C-64 would require the addition of a high resolu tion line-drawing statement. A DRAW or LINE state ment is available in some of the advanced BASICs for
the C-64. (For the really ambitious, the September '84 and August '85 Rupert Reports present line drawing and high resolution plotting routines which could be adap ted for this purpose.) This program displays a menu from which any one
of nine fractal generators may be chosen. The descrip tions of the generators are stored in DATA statements beginning at line 10000. The main loop of the program is contained in lines 100 through 800. It consists of six primary functions. We will discuss each one. The menu routine starts at line 9000. As written, it allows only nine choices. The number of choices is con
tained in NUMSEL in line 9110. To expand the menu to more choices would require additional logic or else the use of the INPUT statement instead of the GETKEY statement in line 9140. With GETKEY, the RETURN key is not pressed to make a selection. Line 9170 does the heavy work in this routine. It cal
culates a line number DL corresponding to a DATA statemeni belonging to the selected fractal generator. The RE STORE DL statement sets the READ-DATA pointer to the selected line. Consequently, the line numbers begin ning at 10000 must not be changed. The data section for
fractal number one starts at line 10100. Fractal numbers two and three start at 10200 and 10300, and so forth. We
will discuss the data structure shortly. The second routine in the main loop is the initializa
tion beginning at line 2000. This routine reads the first two data values N and R pointed to by the menu routine. These are the numbers of segments in the generator (N) and of horizontal subdivisions (R) of the initiator. For our example in Figure 1 above, N would be 4 and R would be 3. The initialization routine dimensions the necessary arrays depending upon the total number of seg-
Geometric Intricacies *+ fly (Vale (Rupert
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TA
ments which will be drawn at the highest level. The amount of memory and the number of segments in the generator determine the maximum number of levels
the coordinates of each of the midpoints in the genera
The third main-loop routine sets up a split-screen, high resolution graphics mode with two lines of text at [he bottom of the screen. This routine also initializes the graphics window constants so that images of various sizes
tor. Note that there must be N-l pairs of values where N is the number of line segments in the generator (speci fied in the first DATA statement). The generator data pairs do not include the starting point 0,0. Also the data val ues do not include the ending point. The ending point will always be R,0 where R is the number of horizontal subdivisions specified in the first DATA statement. For the example in Figure 1, there would be three pairs of data values: (1,0), (2,1), and (2.0). The left and right
can be scaled to fill the screen. (The details of this rou
endpoints (0,0) and (3,0) must not be listed. Consequent
tine are presented in the September '86 Rupert Report:
ly the DATA statements for Figure 1 would be:
which can be displayed.
WINDOW DRESSING
Windows, Viewports, and a Moebius Strip.) The coordinates of the graphics window are read in
line 3060. Each fractal has a window size given for it. The four numbers arc WL, WR, WB, and WT corre sponding to the left, right, bottom, and top coordinates of the window through which the fractal image is viewed. Some explanation is in order. For the fractal in Figure 1, the left-most point has a horizontal (X) value of 0 and the right-most point has an X value of 3. To make the curve go completely across the screen, we would set WL and WR to 0 and 3 respectively. The vertical size of the fractal can be estimated by looking at the Level 2 curve in Figure 1C. The lowest vertical (Y) value is 0, and the curve doesn't extend above a Y value of 1. So we could specify 0 and 1 for WB and WT respectively. These numbers are not critical. If we chose -0.5 and
10100 REM - FIGURE 1 EXAMPLE 10120 DATA 4,3
10140 DATA 0,3,0,1 10160 DATA 1,0, 2,1,
To display this fractal, we must replace one of the nine sets of data. Here we have arbitrarily replaced the first set. (Before entering this new data, you might manually
renumber lines 10100 - 10160 to 20100 - 20160 for exam ple. That way you won't need to retype the data if you want the original fractal back.)
As a brief summary of the data structure, line 10120 gives the number of segments (N) and the horizontal
width (R) of the generator. Line 10140 gives the left, right, bottom, and top values for the screen window (WL, WR,
1.5 for WB and WT, the fractal would not fill the screen
L'EROY'S CHEATSHEET*
vertically. There would be some blank screen above and
Keyboard Over fays
below the image. These window values mean that the screen will show all points with vertical values ranging from -0.5 up to 1.5. There is a blank border since our
,'1J
1 !
Ha'
image extends only from 0 up to 1 vertically. These num bers can be chosen to change the X to Y aspect ratio of the screen so that a one-by-onc object is really square on the screen. If the range of the window values is too small, the im age will be crunched wherever it hits the window bor
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der. It is better to choose a window which is too large rather than too small. The whole image can be seen (al though perhaps shrunken) in a large window, although it will be distorted at the edges by a small window. To aid in creating your own fractals, the program keeps track of the minimum and maximum X and Y values
actually plotted in the image. Those values are presented to you after the last level fractal has been displayed. You may use those numbers in the DATA statements for WL, WR, WB, and WT if you want the highest level fractal to completely fill the screen.
Generally it is best to set WB slightly below the low est Y value of the fractal, since the two lines of text at
the bottom of the split screen cover up part of the graph ics image.
THE GENERATOR The routine at line 4000 reads the remaining data for the selected fractal. These values are the X.Y pairs for
R»d>r S.rvlct No. 1S7
Wiffi Ib'QY D CrtM-»rmU youl
WB, WT) dependent upon the size of the fractal. Line 10160 lists the N—1 pairs of midpoints of the generator in order, not including the two endpoints. The generator routine assigns the endpoinl values in
lines 4020 and 4030. It reads the midpoint values and scales them to the horizontal range of 0 io 1 in lines 4050 to 4080. The loop in lines 4090 through 4140 calculates the horizontal and vertical distances (deltas) between con secutive points and stores them in the DX and DY arrays.
(0,0) Figure 1 A-Initiator
2030 calculates the number of points in the final (level 3) curve to be 64, not including the initial point (0,0). The arrays X and Y have been dimensioned to contain elements from 0 to 64 apiece. The left endpoint is in X(0), Y(0). The right endpoint
is in X(64), Y(64). The three midpoints of the genera tor are evenly spaced throughout the array. The first mid
point is stored in element 16 (X(16) and Y(16)). The other midpoints are in elements 32 and 48. These values are calculated and stored as the Level 1 curve is drawn. The next level of the routine takes each consecutive pair of those Level 1 points, subdivides the segments be tween them, and calculates the three new midpoints for each of those segments. There will be 16 segments in Level 2. These new points fit into the X and Y arrays ttetween
the points already there. For example, the three midpoints of the first segment are stored in elements 4, 8, and 12.
• (2,1]
Now the first segment is defined by elements 0 through
16 in steps of 4 of the X and Y arrays. The third and final level subdivides each of the 16 seg ments into 4 more subsegments, giving a total of 64 seg ments. Since this is the highest level to be drawn, these new segment midpoints are stored in adjacent array lo cations, and the array is full.
10,0)
(1,0]
(2,0)
(3,0)
Figure IB-Generator (Level 1)
For each segment at any given level, there are N—1 new subsegments to be determined. The loop at line 5120 steps through each segment from the previous level, and the loop at line 5220 calculates the N—I new subsegment endpoints for each of those segments.
-/I
The program pauses at the end of each level. Press any key to proceed to the next level. Once the last level is displayed, a key press returns to the text screen where the actual displayed minimum and maximum values are
listed. You may record these and modify the window coordinates in the DATA statements if the image is not properly filling the screen. If you press any key during the calculation of a level,
Figure 1C—Level 2 Fractal
the computer asks whether you want to continue with that level or return to the menu. It may take a moment for the program to recognize your keystroke, since, for
execution speed, the keyboard is checked only after each segment is complete.
READY TO DRAW After all this preparation, the routine beginning at line 5000 is ready to begin calculating, storing, and drawing each level of the specified curve. The X and Y arrays store the coordinates of each point drawn.
The technical details of the program are quite involved. The operation of the program is quite straightforward. If you understand the structure of the DATA statements, you may easily create your own fractal generators. Read
ing about the program is nowhere near as enjoyable as running it.
The amount of available memory determines the num
PROGRAM INTRICACIES
ber of levels which can be drawn. The REMarks should help figure out the operation of this part of the program. We will use our example from Figure 1 to provide a cur
program. Line 9 was a last minute addition to make up
sory description of the program flow sequence.
for a BASIC 7.0 bug. The first time the program was run
Assume the maximum number of levels (ML) to be
plotted is three. (This is just an example; it is not the actual number which would be calculated in line 2020.) The number of segments (N) in the generator is 4. Line 24
AHOY!
Here are a few technical aspects of the Fractal Maker
after booting, it would stop with a "7SYNTAX ERROR IN 5020" error. Upon running it again, everything worked fine. It turns out that if the DEF FN in line 50 occurs before the high-resolution graphics screen is established
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in line 3010, Ihe first application of the defined function causes the syntax error. The solution is simply to define
the graphics screen (set aside the memory block) before defining the function. To sec this error, delete line 9. Type GRAPHIC CLR to deallocate graphics memory space, then type RUN. After you choose a menu item, the program halts with
the syntax error. Replace line 9, or just run the program again, and everything is fine.
Line 10 represents another very interesting aspect of BASIC 7.0. Line 10 branches to a block of statements which simply defines all of the scalar (non-dimensioned) variables. The program runs much more slowly for the initialization and first level if the scalar variables are nol all defined before the arrays are dimensioned. Evidently if any new scalar variables are defined after the arrays are dimensioned, ihe arrays are "moved around" in mem ory. With 6000-element arrays, this moving around takes an appreciable amount of time.
For example, when NP is 4096, (X and Y arrays are dimensioned to 40% each in line 2050). the time in jiffies for the main routines at lines 2000, 3000, and 4000 are as follows: Routine at line. . .
With Line 10
2000
44 jiffies
42 jiffies
3000
29 jiffies
2058 jiffies
4000
54 jiffies
306 jiffies
Without Line 10
The routine at 20M did not vary much since the arrays were not dimensioned until the end of that routine. (It
is not clear why it took longer with line 10 in place.) The whopping difference of over 30 seconds for the rou tine at line 3000 is certainly proof of the significance of this rule:
For programs using large arrays, define all non-di mensioned variables before dimensioning the arrays. The order in which variables are defined can also af fect program execution speed. Define the most frequent ly used variables first. First in the list at line 8010 arc the variables contained within the inner loop between lines 5230 and 5350, since this is the most-utilized code segment.
There arc other ways you could improve the speed of
Fractal Maker printer dumps (see text)
this program. By combining several statements into one line and by removing the REMs at the ends of lines, you
may find a measurable improvement. (Leave the REMs at the beginnings of lines since they arc referenced by other parts of the program.) Only the statements in the main loop starting at line 5000 as well as the subrou
tines called by that loop will significantly affect execu tion times. Don't bother compressing the other portions. Once you know the minimum and maximum values for the displayed points of your fractals, you could dc26
AHOY!
Ictc the section of code which keeps track of those val ues. Simply delete the GOSUB 7100 statement in line 5310 as well as the statement in line 600. Another way to really speed up the program is to run
in the FAST mode. Unfortunately you won't see the im age being drawn (that is at least half the fun), but aÂŁ the end of each level, the program could return to SLOW mode to show the results.
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n..d.r s*rvic« No. io:
Fractal Maker
printer dumps (see text)
The routines at lines 11000, 12000, and 13000 arc not accessible from the main program. You may use them to save the screen image to a disk file, to load the image
from a disk file, or to prim the image on an Epson-com patible dox matrix printer.
Once the image has been drawn, return to the menu
substitute your own screen dump routine for this one if you have a different printer. To print the graphics screen,
_B_QQ-S21^
type GOTO 13000. You may type FAST:GOTO 13000 to
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Rin>>r Strvles No. lie
A distinguishing characteristic of fractals is their self-
similarity at any level of magnification. Each portion has of fractals arc discussed in the definitive volume on the
Commodore Paris For Sot* 823100
ALIVE 64
1983.
characteristics of the whole image. Other characteristics
_. commaciore
o
1. Dewdney, A.K. "Computer Recreations," Scien tific American, Aug. 1985. 2. Mandelbrot, Benoit. The Fractal Geometry ofNa ture. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company,
3. Sorenson, Peter R. "Fractals," Byte, Sept. 1984.
MPS 802
MP? am
speed up the process. Then type SLOW when the print ing is finished.
Other Resources
Commodore
sx-64 Portable
mode lype GOTO 12000 and give the filename. To sec
the image, type GRAPHIC 1, The third routine will not be useful unless you have an Epson-compatible graphics printer. You may want to
COMPUTER Disk Drive
and press Q to quit. The image still remains in the graph ics memory. Type GOTO 11000 and give a filename to save the image. To load an image from disk, in direct
subject, 27k Fractal Geometry of Nature by Benoit Man
delbrot (see below). It shows many other types of fractals besides the recursive curves we are discussing here. The
terms in this article and the basic procedure for genera ting fractals are derived from (he discussions in Man delbrot's book. For further reading on fractals and other fractal pro grams, try the other two articles listed below. Fractal Ma
ker should provide many evenings (or months of even
ings) of creative exploration. It may open up a whole new world for you. Let me know of your discoveries. □ SEE PROGRAM LISTING ON PAGE UQ
Expand your vocabularyTake on a new language Super Pascal
Features o( Super Pascal:
• full implementation of Jensen & Wirlh Pascal
• C-64 high-speed DOS (3X faster) • includes many language extensions
for systems programming • integrated assembler for machine code requirements • built-in editor with renumber, find, auto, change, append, delete • includes fast graphic library
• large 48K workspace • works with one or two drives • advanced error handling •C-128 version supports 80-column hires graphics • with 220-page manual
Your complete system for developing applications in Pascal. Super Pascal is a
complete implementation of standard Pascal (Jensen and Wirth). C-64 version has a
high-speed DOS (3X) that makes using it quick and efficient. The extensive editor
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append files, search and replace. Includes
an inline assembler for optionally coding in machine language. Super Pascal is so capable that it's used in hundreds of schools to teach Pascal. But it can be used for more
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programming. The graphic library (source
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C is one of today's most popular languages.
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■ Single or Dual Drive Configurations with the standard drive insert.
Without the Command Cenler your Commodore
Many built-in conveniences add to Iho Command
peripherals look cluttered and take up most of your
Center's value.
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SCRAMBLER For the C-64 By Tony Brantner
EXPAND YOUR COMMODORE TO PERFORM LIKE NEVER BEFORE Just plug in Hie find Cartridge. only $44.95 Does NOT use existing memory
Tlie firet complelcly external operating system created specifically for the Commodore W. 64C, and 12H.
Upgrades hardWHK and software Takes ihe place (A at least (i tepame device*. 1) Uisk TbAo^SSsas
faster loading anil saving: 21 fteprogrammed Function Keys-eliminate long, tedious command sequences
for mam" commands. 31 Extended
Scrambler requires
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split-second timing as you
run, jump, and climb from the ground floor to the top, dodging armed robot sentries and collecting bags of gold along the way.
Using Flankspeed (see page 87), type in and save a copy of Scrambler. Type SYS 49152 and press RETURN to start. The Scrambler enters from the lower left side
of the screen. Using a joystick plugged into Port 2, push it to the left or right to move him in the corresponding direction. When you come to a ladder, push the joystick up or down to climb to a different floor. Each floor is occupied by a roving robot sentry capable of firing deadly lasers. It's safer to climb the ladders to escape them, but you can press the fire button to jump over a guard or laser when necessary. On each of the upper floors is a bag of gold. To col lect one, simply touch it. Each bag is worth 50 points multiplied by the current level, which is shown in the
|
Machine Language Monitor-Kith relocated load-scrolling up and down, bankswitelling. and more: 41 Printer Interface-prints all Commodore graphics rius sqgen-
upper left corner of the screen.
You begin each game with three lives. Once you climb
°, up the top ladder, you earn an cxlra life anil move on
^ to the next level. A maximum of nine lives can be held i in reserve. You'll need them, since each succeeding lev5 el features fester robots and lasers to contend with. There
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31
II YOU STILL THINK CO PLAY AROUND
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ARE TOYS,
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phone number, etc. Includes geoMerge to customize form letters and Invitations.
Connects easily to Commodores with fewer wires and no interface box.
WRITER'S WORKSHOP $49«
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Sooner or later, you're going to discover that there's more to Commodores than fun and games. You're going to discover power. Not the kind of power that blasts aliens out of the galaxy. But the kind that whips through boatloads of data in seconds. The kind that crunches numbers and drafts documents like child's play. The kind you find in GEOS. Every GEOS application can take your Commodore from "mastering the universe" to a university master's degree, with all kinds of advanced capabilities that function at hyper-speeds you never imagined possible.
So if you're tired of toying with technology, try playing around
with GEOS. Once you feel its power, you'll know that for anyone who still thinks Commodores are toys, the game's over.
n Softworks Berkeley
The brightest minds are working at Berkeley. Rs.der S.rvlc* No. 1IJ
PLANET DUEL For the C-128 By Cleveland M. Blakemore The energy
gauge is sputtering on empty after a massive hit under your fuselage by a nuke. Your right engine is smoking. Your shields are out. You know if you sustain any more
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You're betting if you can just make it to the Mycho Braha Valley, you'll be able to lure the enemy ship into the trench under the natural bridge there, pull out, and hit him from above with a counterstrike. It's one chance in a million, but what do you have to lose? If only you'd spent a little more money on your armor .shielding... Where is that alien scum, anyway? Hey! He's right be
hind you! He's firing his torpedoes! Aaaahhhh....boom!!! The game is Planet Duel, a two-player game for the
C-128 in BASIC 7.0. This is a two-player combat game, played on the hi res screen over a colorful asteroid plain. You will design your own combat fighter by choosing from diree different menus to select armament, shield Made Eos?.
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AHOTt
ing, and engines.
Each player starts with $800 to spend on his or her fighter, and it is not mandatory to spend it all. Any un spent money will be credited to the player's account, and reimbursed in the form of extra energy units in shielding. Each menu of equipment has a selection of four dif ferent choices, as listed here. Each piece of hardware costs ^■■■1 from $100-$4m. so ARMAMENT budget your money {Speed and dtunage of wisely. If you over firepower) spend on the first two 1) Laser torpedoes
2) Photon charges 3) Plasma cannon
4) Nuclear missiles
SHIELDING (Protective factor of armor) 1) Chromium plating 2) Deflector web 3) Kirlian field 4) Shrell sphere
ENGINES {Speed and maneuverability
of ship) 1) Atomics 2) Ion propulsion 3) Tachyon drive 4) Halycon overthruster
menus
and
have
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corps hydrogen fuel booster (which crawls along like a covered wagon in space). So be sure to save some for your engine, which is
the last and most im portant piece of equip ment.
If you select the fast est engine, the Haly con overthruster, look out!
You
will
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around so fast you'll find it hard even to get
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EN'iHi: C-1U KiifBOB i.M.iy package sells tor pus! 134 95. Never bet ore has this much power and
your opponents in your sight. However, you will be able
it is in lieu of machine language. Actually this is my eighth
to dodge his fire easily if you are dexterous. When you play the game the first couple of times, ex pect several midair collisions with your opponent before you get the hang of It. It's easy to smash into each other
game on the C-128, and it took all that experience to get
with all that zooming and wrapping around. Midair ex plosions end the game in a stalemate and take you back to the menu.
like this. 1 hope you find it representative of Commo
You will each start out with 100 units of energy (ERG) in your shields, which may be more if you save some
The first time you run the game, the program takes about 40 seconds to draw the hi-res image, but after that it will leave the picture on the screen, so there is little to no wait for the second round of combat. A friend of mine and I battled it out for 20 minutes before finally
money from purchases. Your missiles, launched by using the fire button, orbit the planet continuously until they hit something, so watch out for your opponent's fire wrapping around and hit ting you from behind.
the machine to run this way. There is a great deal about
the C-128 that only trial and error can teach, and I had lo learn from my mistakes before I could program a game dore's extensive advertising for "arcadelike" games in BASIC 7.0!
finishing a round, so I think you will find it challenging. Experiment with different ship configurations until you
Space travel also wraps around the screen, but colli sions will not occur unless both ships are touching on the visible screen! Use this wraparound to hide, or to
get a fighter that handles the way you want, and then
come up behind your opponent. You are safe from your opponent's fire if your ship is cruising below the level of the cliffs and mountains on the planet, and this feature may occasionally come in handy to rest up from battle for a few seconds.
great deal like "scissors-rock-paper," with the design of your opponent's ship directly affecting the success of your
The game is completely in BASIC, and you will prob ably be amazed at how incredibly fast and responsive
playing Planet Duel. D
try modifying that ship to see if you can get an advan tage over your opponent's design. The game can be a
own fighter craft, so there is definitely a great deal of strategy as well as dexterity involved in the game.
RUN STOP/RESTORE exits the game. Have a blast SEE PROGRAM LISTING ON PAGE 105
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INFOFLOW
Icon Database for the C-128
By Cleveland M. Blakemore The
C-128 is a personal computer that seems to
streamlined and simple as possible. You will probably
lend itself to interesting new ideas. It has a way
gather after a few minutes that I am a person who in
of bringing out a sort of experimental spirit in a
sists on doing things fast, fast, fastâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and you would be
programmer. One minute you're just puttering around on the keyboard, and the next thing you know
right. Before we go on, perhaps it would be best to briefly
you've worked out the basic structure of a program.
describe a database system and how it works for those
This is partly due to the fact that the version of BASIC on the C-128 is the most comprehensive, simplest lan
of you who may be unfamiliar with them. A database is a software environment that is used to keep track of
guage ever to come packaged with a micro. It is very
information, and to organize and store it in such a way
easy to visualize programs in terms of commands and
as to make the information useful to human beings.
routines, and because there are so many available instruc
All databases have several things in common. They
tions there seems to be a good one for any situation that
have the capability to add information, modify existing
might arise. If you're familiar with the Macintosh or Amiga, you already know what an icon-based system is and how it works. It is quite simply a menu of pictures instead of
information, and delete, sort, list, search through, and print out information. Usually the information is organized in a manner sim ilar to information systems maintained physically on paper
words. Rather than typing in a numeric choice, you use
or some other medium. This would naturally mean some
an arrow or pointer to select different pictures, and pro
thing like filing cabinets, with drawers and folders. Since
gram flow is directed to the appropriate subroutine.
this type of system is easier to visualize for human be
Most of these systems come packaged with a device
ings, we'll be using this format for our database. You can
called a mouse. A mouse is a small box with a trackball
think of each different file, with categories like Friends,
on the bottom that is rolled on a smooth surface to con trol the onscreen arrow. Although the following program
Record Collection, or Important Dates, as being a draw
for a moment during this, and when it reappears you will
er in a file cabinet. Now each folder in this file cabinet would be a RECORD, and each record would have sev eral fields, or categories of information. For instance, in a drawer called PERSONAL DATA, we might have 50 records. Each record might have three fields, e.g. Name, Address, Phone Number. Each field should have an entry, so that any time we wanted we could
is designed to work with the C-128's new mouse, the 1350, it will also work with any quality joystick plugged into Port 2. The program takes a few seconds to boot up, as it has to POKE some data into memory. The screen will blank be looking at the screen of Infoflow, an icon-operated
find information for that record, like the phone number
database.
of one of our friends, in the record with his name.
I confess I designed Infoflow for myself, as an alter native to many of the commercial databases 1 have owned.
bases, let's delve into Infoflow and see what makes it so
I incorporated all those features that were important to
different from other programs like it.
Now that we have a rudimentary understanding of data
me; in fact, I tried to consolidate the best of all the data
To select a choice from the menu, you merely move
=
bases I have ever used into one really terrific informa
the arrow to the icon until it is touching (the arrow be-
'
tion filing system. I hope you will find it suitable for your
gins to "bump" or "stick") and push the button on your
i
needs, but you may miss certain features that would nor
mouse or joystick.
j
mally be there that I consider superficial. Since I use
it mostly for addresses, dates, and record keeping, I de signed it around these functions, and tried to keep it as
There are eight icons to choose from on the screen.
;
drive with disk above it), "NEW FILE" (filing cabinet),
>
The upper four icons are labeled "SAVE/LOAD" (disk [ AHOY!
37
"DELETE" (trash can), and "VIEW/ADD" (eyeball).
acters. The max length for any field is 254 characters,
The lower four are labeled "SORT" (file cabinet with letters "ABC" beside it), "SEARCH" (picture of several tblders with arrow running alongside them), "HARD-
which is pretty darn big, a lot bigger than the normal
COPY" (arrow pointing to manuscript), "CURRENT
ords can be held in memory simultaneously and ask you
BASIC input buffer can even handle! Now the computer will approximate how many rec
RECORD" (file cabinet with drawer open and folder to
if you want to proceed. If you like the file you have de
left side).
signed, hit "a" for accept. If you hit "r" the program will
We'll begin by creating a small database, to get a feel for the system. It's best to start out with something simple to experi
ment with. Our
filing
cabinet
is
empty
when the program first starts, so we'll either have to load in an old
return to the main menu without creating the file. When you return to the icon command screen, you will notice that "CURRENT RECORD" has been set to "I" and that the available record space left in memory is dis played at lower right, to keep you informed of how many more records you can fit into this file.
Now that we have a file created, let's go to "VIEW/
file we have previously created or
ADD" and start putting something into it. Once you en
initialize a new file. Since this is
ter "VIEW/ADD", you will find yourself looking at the
our first time in Infoflow, we select
record number set in "CURRENT RECORD" You can
the icon "NEW FILE". There is a buzz, and we see the prompt "Filename", indicating In
flip forward through the records by moving the mouse or joystick right, and you can go back by moving it left.
foflow needs to know what we are going to call the new
If you push your controller up, you will be in "INSERT/
file we are creating. We'll type in "Personal" and hit
MODIFY" mode, at which time you can make new en
RETURN.
tries in each field or hit RETURN to leave the previous
You'll notice that the input routine does not have a flash
entry for that field unchanged. You will be limited to the
ing cursor or question mark. That's because it's a special
maximum number of characters for that field that you
input routine that accepts commas, colons, and even quo
set when you create the file. If you go over the 40 col
tation marks, putting Infoflow a notch above other data
umn line length, the screen will be
bases in this respect. Using commas in addresses and
scrolled down to make room for
lists is often very important, but BASIC 7.0 normally is
your input.
sues an EXTRA IGNORED error when il finds a comma
Each field is staggered one row
in the input buffer. Infojlow's input routine also ignores
to the right going down, to make
all cursor movements and control characters, accepting
each one more locatable.
only alphanumeric input. The only control keys function ing are the DELETE key to back up over mistakes, and the RETURN key. This input routine saves a lot of hassle
If you enter a new record at the
end of the file, the end-of-files pointer will be bumped up by one.
and trouble normally associated with BASIC'S input com
Each time you enter a new record at the end of the file,
mand. Infoflow also uses GET# to retrieve and save in
the pointer will be bumped up by one to make room for
formation to disk, because INPUT# does not properly
anolher entry. The first field of each record is considered
receive strings with embedded commas.
the "header"â&#x20AC;&#x201D;if this header is blank, the record is consid
Since Infoflow prefixes files on the disk with an "IF["
to identify only those files pertinent to it, filenames are limited to 10 characters or less. This should not prove
ered blank. In order to make a new entry, you must put something in the header. To exit from "INSERT/MODIFY", hit the button on
to be a problem unless you have similar files you want
your controller to return to the icon screen. You will no
to save and 10 characters is not enough to give them dis
tice that the last record you accessed will be set beneath
tinctive names. You could label one file in uppercase and
the "CURRENT RECORD" icon.
the other in lowercase if you have such a problem. After typing in the filename, you will be asked for the
It may seem too slow to move to the record you want
number of fields. Type in "3" (Name, Address, Phone)
in "INSERT/MODIFY". You may want to jump around very quickly in a large file, from record to record. This
and hit RETURN. The maximum number of fields per
is the purpose of the "CURRENT RECORD" icon. Move
mitted
is
99.
Now
the
program
your arrow to it and push the button.
prompts you for the Name and Length of each field. Type in ihe
Now you can move rapidly forwards
name of each field and the maximum
through the record numbers. For a
length, in characters, you will want
fast change, move it left or right. For a really fast change, move up to count
each field to be limited to. If you are
and backwards with your controller
not sure, the default is 160. Hit RE
by tens through the records forward,
TURN at the length prompt if you want the field to default to 160 char-
or down to count backwards by tens.
38
AHOY!
Once you have the record you want
Software Discounters wl
*r\III"I Ivrd
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set beneath the icon, hit the button to exit. Now this is the first record you will examine if you cnler "VIEW/ ADD" again.
If you want to get rid of some old records in a hurry, select "DELETE11, the trash can. You will be prompted to delete the Current record, Scan, or All Records. Hit V and the current record number will be erased. If you hit "s", you will be able to flip through the records as in "VIEW/ADD", and select records to be deleted by pushing SHIFT-D. Hit SHIFT-E to exit. You will notice that whenever a record is deleted, all the records above
it are moved down to fill in the blank, and the end-offile pointer is decremented by one.
If you select "a" for ALL records, the program will
PROGRAMS HEEDED Our need for top quality games, utilities, and productivity programs remains high...and our payment rates are higher than ever. Send your
best work on diskette, accompanied by a print out, introductory article, and self-addressed stamped envelope to: Ahoy! Program Submissions Dept. Ion International Inc. 45 West 34th Street-Suite 407
verify with a "Yes-No" prompt in case you have second
New York, NY 10001
thoughts. Otherwise the whole file will be erased irre trievably from memory, and you will be returned to the icon screen. You will probably want to "SORT" your records alpha betically sooner or later, and there is a very fast ShellMetzner sorting routine in the program for just this pur pose. Select the field you want die sorting routine to use for comparisons (defaults to header) and the screen will go blank and flash for a few moments while the computer goes into FAST mode. The program returns with "SORT COMPLETE" before you are returned to the icon screen. If you are looking for a certain entry, group of letters,
or subject in your database file, you will want to use the "SEARCH" icon. The maximum length of the string to search for is 24 characters. After you hit RETURN, the program will display every occurrence of that string in your file, at which time you can either modify or insert information for that entry, just like in "VIEW/ADD". Each
time you hit the button, the computer will begin the search again, displaying each occurrence of that string until il reaches the end-of-file marker. If you are going grocery shopping, or you want to call each customer you have in your database, you will need
NI-AV!
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HACK PACK
The ultimate utility pack for the 128 RAM DISK responds 10 all [he usual commands such as DLOAD, DSAVE, DOPEN, COPY, APPEND, CATALOG, etc and behaves exactly lite a floppy disk— except at lighten-
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TOOLKIT adds eight valuable neiv commands io make your BASIC program ming more enjoyable and effective. COMPRESSOR reduces your programs ID minimum si:e making your code smaller and faster and protecting your programs from unaulhori;ed tampering.
OXFORD PASCAL
• Full standard Pascal &. extensions
1 Fast, .to compile and run • Residenr lin Ram) and disk compiler • Graphics and sound extensions
84 page tutorial/reference manual • Powerful Editor
• Compact Code
• Full linker
• Stand alone compiled programs
OXFORD PASCAL includes two compilers! • One thai run? in RAM just lite a BASIC interpreter. Great (or learning and debugging.
• A full disk compiler which lets you use ihe whole of memory for PASCAL programs
PETSPEED BASIC COMPILER' • UP TO 40 TIMES THE SPEED OF BASIC • Compiles all commands • Compatible with machine code
• Makes big programs small * Extensions to BASIC
• Long variable names • Recommended by Commodore
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AHOY!
a "HARDCOPY". The program prompts you for the range
of records you want printed. The defaults are the begin ning and ending markers for the file. The hardcopy will be aborted if the printer is not turned on. After all this arrow moving and clicking, you may want to wrap things up and call it a day, so go to "SAVE/ LOAD" and save your file to disk. Any existing file with the same name will be scratched and replaced with the new one.
Now that your data is safe on the disk, move your ar row to the lowest line on the screen and hit the button. The "QUIT?" bar lights up. Moving your arrow in any
other direction will take you back to the screen, but click ing the button twice exits Injbflow. The "SAVE/LOAD" routines and all I/O are extensively monitored for errors to prevent system crashes if the print er is off-line, or the drive device number is wrong, etc., but certain syntax and logic errors are allowed because of the fact that you may make a mistake in typing the
program in. Even the RUN STOP key is disabled, so your data is perfectly safe until you either exit the program with "QUIT" or hit RUN STOP/RESTORE. I hope you find Infojlow indispensable for the C-128 utility library. Since it is one of the first utilities I have
created for Ahoy!, I tried to make it as useful as possi ble. If you have any suggestions, modifications, or addi tions, please let the rest of Ahoy'.'s readers in on die se cret, and me too, by writing. □ SEE PROGRAM LISTING ON PAGE 96
SOFTWARE SECTION
COMMODORING FOR THE CUP
the champion's time. In the one-play er mode, the screen pictures a ghost
sea dogs can captain crews in the real that landlubbers may become
boat so the skipper can see who's in the lead. The computer images of the opposition's sailboat can be toggled
seasick before the Commodore gets
off and on at will.
back to dry land.
All races in Vie American Chal lenge start with the wind from the North, and the boa! facing West, sail unfurled. The starting line to the North is stretched between two buoys,
After
132
years
of
undefeated
American yachtsmanship, the Aus tralia II won the America's Cup match and took the Louis Vuitton Cup Down Under. The rematch, which
48
Video Vegas
SO
By Joyce Worley brings up the chart with the current
positions of the two boats. After the race is finished, the chart reappears to display the actual courses of the winning and losing boats. At the beginning of the competi tion, the gamer sees the boat from
directly behind. Each press of an ar row key changes the perspective by The Official America's Cup
spired two computer simulations.
Sailing Simula
Vie American Challenge: A Sail
tion approxi
ing Simulation (Mindscape) lets the
mates the ac
computcrist race a sailboat through
tual '87 race.
seven increasingly difficult courses.
Three skill
Only after these are completed is the
levels vary
electronic skipper ready for a simu
weather condi
lation of the America's Cup Race. onscreen
instrument
47
Mission
climaxed in February 1987, has in
An
41
New Baseball Games in Town ..44 Howard the Duck
ing main we go! Old salts and young
Americas Cup race in simulations so
Commodoring for the Cup
Titanic: The Recovery
Two Simulations Sail the Silicon Seas Hoist the sails, and over the bound
Featured This Month:
tions, time,
panel
and shUl of
helps the computer captain monitor wind direction, wind speed, and boat
computer foe.
heading. The sail, rudder, and ccn-
READER
SERVICE NO. 131
terboard are operated with keyboard commands.
The American Challenge, designed by Tom (The Halley Project, Agent
USA, Snooper Troops) Snyder Pro
with the ship at "standstill." Simple keyboard commands con
45 degrees. This permits the gamer to look to starboard, port, or even the
trol the craft. Pressing "F" or "D" pulls the sail in quickly or slowly, re
stern of his or her own sailboat.
ductions, offers a choice of boat, course, and racing opponent. The
spectively, while "S" and "A" let the
Silicon
computcrist chooses to race the sail
canvas out slowly or quickly. Touch
staged, is circled by a few scenic
Sea and sky dominate the screen.
Bay,
where all
races are
boat or a motorboat {a good way to
ing "J" turns the boat to the left, "K"
highlights, including a bridge, light
learn about each course before try ing it with die sailboat), then selects
stops the turn, and "L" turns the boat
house, towns, and hills. These add
to the right. Hitting "C" raises and lowers the centerboard (the board that
visual interest to the essentially bor
an appropriate opponent. Two com
puters can be connected by cable or
runs vertically along the boat's hull
ing display, and aid in navigation. Tlw American Challenge depicts
via telephone modem for head-to-
to provide stability).
the boat as an outline reminiscent of
head racing, though each gamer must
Before the race begins, the gamer
have Tlie American Challenge game
sees a chart with the layout of the
filled-in image. It looks almost ghost
disk. With this setup, each yachtsman
course. It identifies the general path
ly against the seascape, while provid
sees a representation onscreen of the
the boat must take as a line which traces the route of the defending
the sailboat's rigging.
other player's boat.
Solitaire gamers race against their own best previous performance, or
champion. Toggling the space bar at any time during
the
competition
vector graphics, rather than as a
ing mechanically accurate views of The lower third of the screen holds the instrument panel. A compass,
AHOYI
41
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.$4J9 $579 $500
FX-86e
R
$209 $539
DIABLO
D2S 635 D-ao
>H
Connection. $49.95
S159 S199 $229 5269
$209 .$355
ES-1000
S
SILVER REED
J
$44.95
LEGEND
BOS IOSO 1380 13B5
$195
EX-800
E
SM9 .1599
. .SB 50 $195
FX.85
H
S559
292 293
with purchase of printer stand
'
..S22S S214 S355
..$12.50
. .
EPSON
LX-86
T
S189
$1075 CALL 119
SP-1200AI
LO800
OKI DATA
1-YEAR WARRANTY
SP-1000ribbon SP-1200AS
I
$399
1080AP
BP-5420 nBDon
SEIKOSHA
. 1154 . . S179 $389
BP-5420 BP-5300AI Color Kfl
w
$335
3151
SP-1O0O VC (C-W) SP-1000 AP APIle BP-1300AI
E
10B0I 1091i
50921
SEIKOSHA
s A V
120? 1219 SPECIAL1 1839
$89 95
CALL
1
ing. Although it may take several
els. They vary weather conditions,
playing sessions to master the tech
the amount of time available for the
niques well enough to be a champion
match, and the skill of the compu
racer, the tutorial and accompanying
terized opponent.
manual make this simulation simple to understand and control. The flip side of the cassette con
American Challenge: seven courses. READER SERVICE NO. 132
A weather report screen provides prerace information about wind speed and wind direction, plus a forecast
tains an original song written by Tom
of what to expect during the actual
Snyder and Lincoln Clapp,
competition.
"Win
Back The Cup." It extols the need for
Weather conditions are a crucial
America to regain its most famous
element of this simulation. Handling
sailing trophy.
a boat on a fair mild day is one thing,
Tlie Official America's Cup Sailing speed band, wind gauge, and a com
Simulation (Electronic Arts) uses joy
bination wind, sail, and centerboard indicator provide data needed to man euver through the race, Vie American Challenge conies widi a tutorial on audio cassette that guides beginners step by step through the practice course. It's a good train er, and should be very helpftil to firsttime sailors. These simplified instruc tions arc also reprinted in the man ual for easy reference, along with lots of tips and hints on the basics of sail
stick commands to put a 12-meter
but it's an entirely different matter when the wind rises. Next each captain chooses
the
yacht through its paces in a simula
starting headsail. Wind direction and
tion of the actual 1987 America's Cup
speed are the major factors which
Match. The commander chooses the
must be considered. There are light,
sails, picks a home country, and se
medium, and heavy genoas and spin
lects a one- or two-player contest. In single-player races, the gamer
nakers. The user's manual explains that the weather in the Indian Ocean
sails the Challenger and the compu
always produces a wind from the
ter controls the Defender. Two-play
West. In order to sail the first leg, di
er contests employ separate joysticks
rectly into the wind, the manual rec
for simultaneous control of the rival
ommends a light genoa. The racers contest on a recreation
sailboats. There are three skill lev
NEW BASEBALL GAMES IN TOWN Rating the Rookie Baseball Programs for the Commodore By Arnie Katz and Bill Kurtkel While the Mets and Red Sox steamrollered to a World Series colli sion last October, few sports com mentaries appeared which didn't in voke the adage, "The game isn't over until the Fat Lady sings." This pithy bit of wisdom from Lawrence Peter
"Yogi" Berra is also relevant to the field of computer baseball software. Just when we think we've seen the
Championship Baseball: well-named.
Pure Stat Baseball: most accurate.
READER SERVICE NO. 133
READER SERVICE NO. 134
last word in baseball programs, new titles burst onto the scene. It looks like the "game" of inventing electron
star) supplants an earlier Gamestar
ic baseball contests won't be over un
entry, Star League Baseball, as the
til that "Fat Lady" sings a dirge over
best action-strategy baseball game on
the very last Commodore computer
1987. He never pauses for long to
the market. It's Fitting that the design
bask in the applause. That's probab ly why he is the mainspring of a
Championship Baseball (Game-
in the universe.
er who has dethroned Scott Orr as This year continues the trend with the Sultan of Sports is...Scon Orr. Several leading designers have met offerings from SubLOGIC and Gamestar that will keep America's favorite their Waterloo in the last year or so, pastime a computer gaming favorite.
44
AHOY!
putting
their
names
on
products
which were definitely inferior to their earlier work. Orr, on the other hand, has scaled new heights in 1986 and
string of superlative computer sports
games which include Star League Baseball, Star Bow! Football, On-
Court Tennis, Star Rank Boxing, GBA
SOFTWARE SICTION
of the
triangular eight-leg
Perth
course, roughly 24.1 nautical miles
in
length.
The
starting
line
is
stretched between a buoy and the Stan Boat. At the sound of the first starting cannon, the two boats begin to maneuver into position. A second
cannon shot, 30 seconds after the
first, signals the star! of the race. The skipper operates the yacht in one of three modes. Helmsman Mode controls the boat's direction of movement. Each twitch of the joy
stick left (port) or right (starboard) turns the yacht 45 degrees. The play er trims the mainsail or changes the headsail in Set Sail Mode. The gam er adjusts the mainsail by moving the
Reviewed in this article:
THE AMERICAN CHALLENGE: A SAILING SIMULATION
There's quite a lot to do to keep a craft in the contest. Weather condi
tions change constantly, so the sails must be adjusted to match. The indi
cator panels keep both captains ap
Mindscape 3444 Dundee Road Northbrook, IL 60062
prised of changes, and the appearance
of the water also varies to reflect wind velocity. Rounding buoys generally
Phone: 312-480-7667 Price: $29.95
requires a change of sails; this com plex maneuver is so important to rac
THE OFFICIAL AMERICA'S CUP
SAILING SIMULATION
ing that the manual advises gamers to practice it repeatedly. The documentation is an informa
Electronic Arts 1820 Gateway Drive San Mateo, CA 94404 Phone: 415-571-7171 Price: $32.95
tion-packed booklet that contains ail the data needed to control the yachts, plus a wealth of material about the America's Cup Race and its history. A glossary explains nautical terms, and should have computerists talking
main boom in or out with the joy stick, and selects new sails by mov
es to a split screen. However, the
like sailors in no time.
ing the joystick forward (for spinna ker) or back (for genoas), then tap ping the button to choose from
commander can always call for an overview to show their relative posi
This is a challenging simulation. The joystick commands, nicely cap-
tions on Ihe course.
sulized on a quick-start card for easy
among three weights.
clockwise rotation. Winching in par ticular is somewhat tricky. It's easy to give the stick Ohe too many cranks in the wrong direction, and end up with a mess of tangled sails. Rippling blue water fills the main display. The two colorful boats, one
A separate indicator panel for each boat appears in the lower corners of the screen. Each gives boat and wind speed, elapsed time, buoy, yacht and wind direction, and the number of the current leg of the race. The official cup simulation is a best-of-seven match. During the con test. International Yacht Racing rules apply. The program punishes any in fraction of these laws with a penalty
reference, are complicated. Once the computerist masters the control scheme and gets the hang of chang ing sails to match weather and sail ing conditions, the race itself is stren
resplendent in yellow and green sails,
of four boat lengths.
The Winching Mode lets the sail or lower sails by rotating the joystick counterclockwise, or hoist sails with
uous and exciting. The computerized
opponent, particularly at the top skill setting, is an able seafarer. Both simulations have their strengths,
differing chiefly in the
appear together, the display switch-
new series.
depth of detail. Vie Official Ameri ca's Cup Sailing Simulation is more complex, but it is also somewhat more exciting than Vie American Challenge. Either should provide hours of nautical entertainment even for those who can't tell a mainsail from a mainframe. â&#x20AC;&#x201D;Joyce Worley
Basketball, GFL Football, and now
divides players into contact hitters
the right half of the screen during
Championship Baseball.
(liners) and power hitters (sluggers).
pitcher-batter con frontal ions, adds a
and the other decked out in red and blue, are attractive and eye-catching. The gamer views the boats from a three-quarters overhead perspective. If the two boats are too far apart to
Following each
race,
a
Results
Screen lists the race number, winning yacht, and time. The captain then ei ther starts the next race, continuing the seven-match series, or begins a
This one- or two-player program
Pitchers arc also differentiated. The
lot of excitement to this crucial phase
embellishes and extends the concepts introduced in Star League Baseball. In particular, Orr and his cohorts, un
game rates them in three categories:
of the game. Managers view each
speed, control, and stamina. Each
pitch from the catcher's crouch be
has an arsenal of four different de
hind home. The player at bat must
der the steady hand of producer Mark
liveries, and some display a sharper
time the pilch and, if it is in the strike
Madland, have worked wonders with artificial intelligence.
curve or a more overwhelming fast ball than the norm.
zone, swing at the right moment to put the horsehidc into play.
Participants see the diamond from
The joystick initiates all on-the-
grams, the players are more than
Unlike primitive, arcade-style pro
an upper deck perspective with home
field action, whether the game is
nicely drawn onscreen cursors. Each
plate at the left edge of the screen.
played against another human mana
player's ability to bat, catch, throw,
The players are a little cartoonish. but
ger or the talented robot coach. Op
and run is rated on a one-to-three scale. Championship Baseball also
the animation is quite good. The secondary display, which fills
tions are chosen by moving a cursor
to select items from menus, while
AHOY!
45
game mechanics utilize a fairly sim
their software libraries with the new
ple set of stick and action button
one.
combinations. Those who become all
Despite
its
strengths,
Pure-Slat
each player. Other elements which the program considers include pitch er fatigue, bunting ability, and the im pact of park dimensions on player and team performance.
thumbs when faced with anything more complex than a move and fire
Baseball (SubLOGIC) may be des
play-mechanic will appreciate the
Baseball's Hertz among statistical
practice mode, which is also good for
The main display is the statistics
baseball simulations for the Commo dore 64/128. The Quest design team
screen, not the diamond. This reflects
perfecting a fence-busting swing. Two well-balanced squads, the Ea
tined to play Avis to Micro League
has developed many innovative fea
gles and the Pumas, arc included on
tures, but deficiencies in graphics and
the game disk, but Championship Baseball provides a menu-driven sys
somewhat pedestrian gameplay un
tem to create an entirely new team
dercut the overall effect. Pure-Stat clearly leads the compu
from scratch. If the user picks the
ter baseball league in statistical accur
"New Team" option, the program pre
acy. No program produces more real
the
fundamental
design approach
which subordinates the audiovisual effects to the demands of creating a rich statistical model of major league baseball. After the managers enter offensive and defensive orders, the view auto matically switches to the field for a visual representation of the result.
sents the possible choices at each po
istic results in a one-game, series, or
sition. The manager can tailor the
season replay. It treats most phases
Since the stat-screen has all the per
team to suit personal preference by
of the sport much more comprehen sively than other such programs.
tinent numbers and command menus,
selecting men who excel in the areas he or she deems most important.
Championship Baseball even al lows managers to name each player! For the first time, any computcrist
can star in center field or shell the analog of a boss or teacher from the mound with heavy hitting. These cus tomized squads can be saved on a for
Reviewed in this article:
CHAMPIONSHIP BASEBALL GomcsTor/Acti vision
PURE-STAT BASEBALL SubLOGIC Corporation
bersome method explained in the Commodore documentation.
Champaign, IL 61820
solitaire mode, extends the simula tion beyond a single contest. After the
screen. With a righty at the plate,
home is in the lower left corner and
have to use the slightly more cum
League play, only possible in the
the first base foul line runs along the
lower border of the screen. No one could quarrel with the quantity of visuals in Pure-Stat Base-
713 Edgebrook Drive
bail, but quality is another matter. The simply drawn fielders are well-
Phone: 217-359-8482
Price: $49.95
in odd-looking lockstep patterns. For
more factors to compute play results. Instead of a single, all-purpose field
instance, it's hard to suppress a smile when all three outfielders form a
ing ratio, Pure-Stat employs separate
chorus line to chase after potential ex
ratings to measure each athlete's arm
man-directed team finishes first, the
strength, range, and tendency to com mit errors. This improves realism and provides managers with a legitimate
tra-base hits. Some expected graphics are inex plicably omitted. For instance, there is no visual representation of a bunt
computer matches it against the win
reason to make defensive changes. For example, it might make sense to
attempt.
ner of one of the other divisions. A
sion, his franchise will play one of the five other clubs in the division. When the computerist's team has played each of its divisional rivals once, a winner is declared. If the hu
victory at this level advances the team to the best-of-three Championship. The program stores the results of games for the season in progress on a blank formatted disk. A sports
hardball
animated, but they sometimes move weighs
computerist picks a team and divi
No
it unfolds. When a lefthanded hitter
line parallel to the bottom of the
Phone: 415-960-0410
no initialization routine included on the game disk, so computerists will
The program tracks each play on one of two full-screen diamonds as
right corner with the third base foul
Mountain View, CA 94043
Price: $34.95
distracting text windows.
is at bat, home plate is in the lower
2350 Buyshore Parkway
matted disk. Unfortunately, there is
the graphic screen is unmarred by
simulation
insert a strong-armed outfielder to re
Hitters look like they're
swinging from the heels, even when a bunt attempt is in progress.
duce the chance that a runner will tag
Ball action is uneven. A post-pub
up and score a key run after a long
lication upgrade introduced a round
fly out. An important component of the hilling phase is that each batsman is
er and more lively ball, but it still be
what appeared to be a drive down the
Chwnpionship Baseball is a worthy
rated separately for his ability against lefthanded and righthanded hurlers.
successor to the classic Star League
This is not just a minor factor grafted
line. Participants use a joystick or the
Baseball. It is so much of an im
onto the basic to-hit chance, either.
keyboard to enter orders. First the pi
provement, in fact, that avid fans of
Pure-Stat provides what amounts lo
lot of the team at bat decides whe
the classic game will want to update
two separate batting formulas for
ther the batter will go for the fences,
page, The Gamestar Gazette, shows
the current standings.
46
AHOY!
haves unrealistic-ally at times. It is not unusual to see the center fielder snare
TEDT AINMENT
SOFTWARE SECTION swing normally, hit cautiously, bunt, sacrifice, or slap the ball behind a runner. Next comes decisions rela
time great teams of the past, a choice of three stadiums, a statistical com piler, a utility for trading players be
ted to the running phase.
tween teams and creating new ones
Besides the steal option, a mana
statistical verisimilitude for season and scries replays should enjoy PureStat Baseball. Are these the last new baseball
lenge the other team's outfield arms or play it safe. This is one of the
from scratch, and a disk with teams based on the most recent major league baseball season. There's no question that Pure-Stat
small but telling details which make
Baseball sacrifices some frills to de
Pure-Slat Baseball so rewarding for
vote memory to its comprehensive mathematical model. Those baseball
the last couple of years, we may have
gamers who demand state-of-the-art
Ahoy! -Arnie Katz & Bill Kunkel
ger can order men on base to chal
diamond strategists. Other programs
let the offense set an overall running tendency, but only Pure-Stat presents the situation so exhaustively. For the
HOWARD THE DUCK
first time, both managers must inde
Activision
pendently evaluate each outfielder's
Commodore 64/128
throwing ability.
Disk; $34.95
Managers shape the pitching only in the most general way. The skip per decides whether to throw aggres sively, avoid giving the batter any
thing juicy to hit, issue an intention al walk, or attack the runner with a pitchout. The battery determines ac tual pitch selection. Finally, the manager positions the infielders and outfielders. The defen sive team can draw in the infield all around to cut down a potential run, have the first and third basemen charge toward home, or guard the foul lines to prevent extra-base hits. In practice, managers have little to do unless runners are in scoring posi tion. This makes Pure-Stat Baseball better for solitaire play than for head-
programs for the Commodore 64/128? It's hard to sec how publishers could improve on games like Championship Baseball, Micro League, Hardball, and Pure-Stat. Yet based on events of to eat these words in next April's
An article in February's Ahoy! dis cussed the boom in games based on licenses, especially those derived from movies and television. This ti tle provides an example of one of the pitfalls which can snare the unlucky software publisher. When Activision bought this li cense, it believed "Howard the Duck" would be one of 1986's biggest movie box office successes. Unfortunately,
the film never took wing. Except for People Magazine, which was so im-
Run afowl of the deranged Dark Overlord. READER SERVICE NO. 106
pressed with the film's estimated S35
million loss that it pul Howard on its latest list of most intriguing "people." "Howard the Duck" was a non-event.
to-hcad gaming. Fortunately, the robot manager is
.
-
quite formidable. It can't equal the savvy of a human coach, but it makes
most of the proper decisions, includ ing adroit use of platooning.
BACKUP PROTECTED
• Includes last loader, 12-second
From the team who brouqht you
Requires a Commodore 64 or 128
SOFTWARE FAST.
*°»>iat.
A set of "quick pfay" options takes
Copy II Plus (Apple), Copy II PC(IBM)
??Sp.uler w"h one or lwo 1541 or
most of the tedium out of ambitious
a revolutionary new copy program for
Call 503/244-5782, M-R 8-5
season replays and other marathon undertakings. The computerist can
personally replay the games and se
ries he or she finds most interesting, and zip through the less appealing
contests. It is possible to switch off the graphic display, eliminate timing delays, establish pitching rotations for both clubs, and have the computer simulate up to nine games in a few minutes each.
This is a complete package. Includ ed with the basic game are eight all-
and Copy II Mac (Macintosh) comes the Commodore 64/128 computers. • Copies many prolecied programs-automatically. (We
update Copy II 64/128 regularly to
handle new protections; you as a
lb/1 °nwes-
(Wesl Coast lime) wilh your 3E 4ft in hand. Or send a check for S39.95 U.S. plus S3 s/h, $8 overseas,
"s'-tQ O^
registered owner may update at
flO^.yo
any time for $15 plus S3 s/h.)
Central Poml Software, Inc.
• Copies even protected disks in under 2 minutes (single drive).
™™ami, OR 97219
• Copies even protected disks in under 1 minute (dual drive).
/'"VmAiW ftviw/ KjCitllULrUltll
* Maximum of four disk swaps on a
pJS^d'oR ireia^' *1°°
single drive.
SoftUWS
Joaxns/im
Backup utilities also available tor the IBM. Apple II. Macintosh and Atari ST. Thispmductispttwdedtorltw purpose ot enabling you fomMt>nn:hwalcop>BS only Readir Snrvlce No. IDS
AHOY!
47
It would be regrettable if the fail
sis which crawls up the screen dis
Activision, 2350 Bayshore Front
ure of the film automatically doomed
pels the mystery for the player, if not
age Road, Mountain View, CA 94043
the game. Howtinl the Duck isn't like ly to haul away many software
for the dauntless duck. A new Dark
(phone: 415-960-0410). -Amie Katz
Overlord has kidnapped them as bait
awards, but it's preity entertaining, es
to lure Howard to his doom. Because
TITANIC: THE RECOVERY MISSION
pecially for younger computerists.
the would-be conqueror plans to use
Electric Dreams/Activision Commodore 64/128 Disk; $29.95
The designers and programmers of
thermal power in his mad scheme, he
a string of Gamestar sports hits like
has taken the pair to his base, Vol
Star Rank Boxing and Championship
cano Island.
Baseball have ventured into new wa
The
gamer
The R.M.S. Titanic has been sub can
choose
from
ject of at least two films, scores of
ters. While the program, like the
among four skill settings. The high
books, and numerous underwater
movie, fails to completely capture the
er the level, the more involved the
diving expeditions. The celebrated
essence of the fearless fowl created
quest. The "novice" game requires
by Steve Gerber for Marvel Comics,
Howard lo parachute onto the island,
sea disaster in which an "unsinkable" liner went to the bottom remains fas
il is, at minimum, a playable action-
find a jet pack, and skim over the wa
cinating to this day. Now a game has
strategy contest.
ter to a trail which leads through the
also sprung from the continuing in
jungle to a waiting ultralite plane.
terest in the ill-fated ocean liner.
The lengthy introduction establish es the lighthearted tone. After the
credits roll, Howard demonstrates his breakdancing skill. Once he moon-
An "intermediate" player must fly the ultralite to the top of the volcano. The most difficult variants require
walks off the stage, a pair of cartoon
Howard to fly into the crater, over
panels indicate that Howard is wor
come the Dark Overlord, and throw
ried about Beverly and Phil, his two
the switch which halts the threaten
missing companions.
ing eruption.
Where bave they gone? The synop-
Hostile mutants erupt from the yel low mounts which dot the route. They are Howard's biggest opposi
tion, other than the Dark Overlord himself. The feathered hero can nip this peril in the bud by stomping the mounds closed before the mutants emerge or by using "quack fu" to defea! them in direct combat. The computerist makes Howard kick by hold
A quest titanic enough to span weeks.
ing down the action button and point
READER SERVICE NO. 107
ing the stick. Leaving the button in the "up" position initiates a punch. LINES
800-345-CLUB 201-794-3220
leased here by Electric Dreams (one
this program is easy enough for even preteens to learn and play. It's not a
of (he many Activision affiliates) of fers pleasant surprises in the quality of the game and the depth of the chal
snap by any means, but there's noth ing in Howard the Duck to frustrate
lenge. Put simply, the test is to grab
apprentice joystick jockeys. Even ad
treasures from the wreckage and then
ults should get a kick out of the su
float her to the surface. Less imaginative designers might have handled Tuanic as an arcade program in which the gamer would fight off sharks, jellyfish, and the like while trying to raise the ship from the briny deep. But Titanic: Vie Recov ery Mission makes the actual raising
perb animation. Its little comedic touches, such as the way Howard shakes himself after getting wet, are certain to draw appreciative smiles.
.. NO OBLIGATION
Howard the Duck also features excel
DISKOF-THE-MONTH CLUB PO. BOX 116, FAIR LAWN. N.J. 07410-0116
lent music, programmed by sound ace Russell Lieblich. Continuous action and an onscreen
STRfH ADDfflSS STATE
CITY
ZIP I I.vullJNlH.'lTED SOFTWARE IHC
RHd*( Barvlca No. 1SS
48
AHOY!
This British-conceived outing, re
In keeping with the subject matter,
of the ship a small part of the overall
countdown clock maintain a reason
challenge, even though it remains the
able level of excitement. So skip the
game's ultimate goal.
movie and apply the cost of the tick
As
Dr.
Robert
Ballard
of the
ets and popcorn to this unassuming,
Woods Hole Occanographic Institute
enjoyable Activision entry.
must have found when he visited the
direct the answer to just that repor
538 S. Edgewood
ter or to the group as a whole. The
La Grange. II 60525 (312> 352-7323
user picks the specific reply from a list of possible answers.
Good press is vital for the contin ued contributions of sponsors. There
Press conferences are an enjoyable and important aspect of Titanic.
fore, it's advisable to remain at the conference until all questions have been answered. Keep in mind the
publication connected with each re
1541/1571 DRIVE ALIGNMENT
Avoid costly repair bills!
Perform your own
alignment. 1541/1571 Drive Alignment diagnoses and reports the alignment condition of the disk drive as you perform adjustments.
An on-screen HELP menu is available while the program
is
running.
program
even
Full
documentalion
includes section on how to load Alignment when
the
drive
is
badly
porter and try to tailor the answers
misaligned. Auto-boots to all modes. Works in 64 or 128 mode. Only S34.95'
task. There arc several other consid
to that audience. Then it's time to go underwater. The Titanic Salvage I, now called T.S.I, is the destination when the Di
erations. Titank covers these by us
ver icon is selected. The wreckage
ing multiple game screens.
can be entered from any one of five
site of the wreckage a couple of years
ago, it takes more than skillful div ers and courage to accomplish this
The first of these displays is the Calendar Screen. Visible when the
game boots, it is the pathway to all the other options. It shows the start ing date of the mission along with a set of five icons, doorways to the Fi nance Room, the Diver, the Press Room, and Night Time. The diskshaped fifth icon is used to save a
current game or load an old one. (The "save" feature is vital, since solv
points. The joystick controls the movement of the T.S.I. The console of the T.S.I is the most impressive screen. It feels like the whole world is available at the touch of a button. Some of the many con trols include floor/ceiling passage in dicators (to move up and down levels within the ship), sonar screen (to keep track of sonar buoys laid down to aid in location of T.S.I within
ing this game at one sitting would be
wreckage), camera and camera film
like building Rome in a day.) The Finance Room is the area to
indicators (don't forget to lake pictures of some treasures to keep the boys in the press happy), and the robot arm
check on the financial backing of
(used to collect treasures).
Let's take the screens one by one.
your trip. It is also the place to com
Every feature is logically arranged
municate with the people who supply
and beautifully depicted. In all, the
money for the venture. The money
game is graphically superior to the
isn't available all at once. Rather, it is handed out in weekly doses. How much is given depends upon how the
other Electric Dreams products (i.e.,
mission is going.
for money, and dealing with the me
Rocky Horror and Spindizzy). After a hard day of diving, begging
The Finance Room can be entered
dia, a good night's rest is deserved
voluntarily to check the books or to
and needed. That's the time to use the
ask sponsors for more money, but the
Night icon. It's also a good idea to
sponsors can also call the gamer back
save the game's progress. This is han
to the room to answer questions about the adventure. Ignoring these re quests, even if busy exploring the
dy to do right after the program
depths of the wreckage, can dry up funds quicker than water in the desert. The Press Room plays a very im
loads, since it isn't possible to restart the program without rebooting. Titanic, which could take simula ted months to finish, obviously isn't
portant part in keeping finances in the
carried out in real time. The clock runs about eight times faster than real
black. Press conferences, called by
time. The captain of" the mother ship
the gamer or by members of the news media, are one of the more enjoyable aspects of the game. The reporters appear on small television screens.
must return to port every two weeks,
for fresh supplies and to give the crew time off whether you like it or not.
The player must decide whether to
As long as there's still money com-
In actuality, there is no time limit.
on 1541,1571 in 1541 or 1571 mode,C64crC128
SUPER DISK LIBRARIAN A full featured disk cataloging and library
system lor the CI28 in 120 mode. With one keypress all programs on a disk are cataloged.
Catalog up to 1000 disks and 15,200 program names! Operates in last mode with 80 column
display.
Catalogs 1541. 1571 and CP'M PIjs
formatted disk directories.
Reads heavily
protected disks' Printer output includes library
index, full library report, master program list,
category program list and disk labels. Also contains full featured disk utilities section
including all C3M DOS commands plus rename
a disk, copy protect a disk, change disk formal without affecting data & much more1 Fully
documented
Organize your disk library &
more for only S29.95!
MUSIC OF THE MASTERS Free Spirit's highly acclaimed Music of tne Masters series is a must for all music lovers. An hour of classical music per disk for the C64 or the C128 in 64 mode. Music of the Masters I ■ Handel, Haydn. Mozart.
Bach, Beethoven * many others!
Music ol the Masters Jl ■ Minuets, waltzes,
sonatinas & more from Bach, Brahms, Beethoven, Chopin. Schubert & many others. Music of trie Mailers III - Mostly Mozart Music of the Masters IV - Best of Bach. Music of the Masters V ■ Popular themes from the
greatest 8 best known works of the Masters
S9.95 per disk, 2 for S17.95, 3 (or S24.95, 4 for
S31.95. order all 5 disks tor only S3B.95'
Trie Great War ■ wwi strategy game lor the C128
in 128 mode and 1571 disk drive. ArmlM ol 17
countries represented. Hundreds ol hours of challenge. Disk - S2995
BASICally Slrnrjlg 64 - How to use all basic 2.0 commands in Basic programs Disk ■ S14.95 BASICilly Simple I ?B - Kow to use all Basic 7.0
commands in Basic programs. Disk - S1995
Programmer's Nolebook - High speed storage &
retrieval system designed specilically for the programmer.
programming
Index
routines
magazine
or
other
articles,
computer
related information. For the C128 in 128 mode.
Disk-$19 95
tor. Oulzzer - Program to prepare quizzes as a
general aid to learning.
Prepare multiple
choice, vocabulary, spelling, T-F. or general question-answer tests. Works on C64. C128 in either 64 or 128 mode. 40 or 80 column display, 154! or 1571 disk drive. Commodore &
compatible printers. Disk ■ $19.95
Free shipping & handling! Immediate dellvervl Illinois residents arJrJ8% sales tax. Send check or money order to:
Free Spirit Soflwire. Inc.
53fl S. Edgewood La Grange. IL 60525
fiecder Servlcs No. 135
AHOY!
49
ing in, lake as much time as you'd like
There are 80 numbers on a board
uncovering this mystery of the deep. You'll run out of funds before you tire
from which the gamer chooses up to
of this intriguing entertainment.
random. It's necessary to hit more
15. Then 20 numbers are selected at than half the picked numbers to get
Activision, 2350 Bayshore Front age Parkway, Mountain View, CA
a payoff of any kind. As with any lot
94043 (phone: 415-960-0410). —Rick Teverbaugh
tery, the strategy is minima!. Keno's odds are very long, but the
payoffs are huge. Hitting eight num
VIDEO VEGAS Baudville
Video Vegas slot machine craps out.
bers produces $20,000 on a $1 bet.
READER SERVICE NO. 136
Too bad (he odds against getting all
eight are 200,000 to 1.
Commodore 64/128
Disk; $29.95
keno. The take is $1,000 when the
Baker is only marginally more sat
Ah, the lure of the big, bright
game boots. The amount won or lost
lights! The noise, the excitement, the shows, the showgirls, and gambling keep things humming from Monte Carlo to Las Vegas. Wagering on games of chance is old as the Bible. Video Vegas doesn't exactly create all the thrills of visiting the world's
at each game is carried over to the next choice. If the total tumbles all the way down to zero, rebooting is the remedy, instead of a second mort gage on the house or a visit to loan
opulent pleasure palaces, but it does
tises thai the odds for each game are
It takes a pair of jacks or better to gel the bet back. On a $5 bet, two pair wins $10, three of a kind pays S15, and so on up the ladder. Most
an admirable job of doing just what
given and that they are adjustable.
traditional poker rules apply.
the packaging says it will: Turn your
These statements are both true to
Really, the guts of this program is
personal computer into a casino."
varying degrees. A single keystroke
blackjack. While the other games are handled in a page or less of the doc
Chance-takers can choose from
sharks. The Video Vegas box also adver
is all that's needed to see the odds for
isfying. Play is against a fixed set of odds and a fixed payoff, much like the poker video machines which are popular in many arcades and bars. There is no dealer or other player.
among four different games: slot ma
any particular game. To adjust the
umentation, it takes four and a half
chine, blackjack, draw poker, and
odds (probably more in your favor),
pages to cover blackjack.
it is necessary to tinker with the source code. Unfortunately, this pro
Options are plentiful. It is possi ble to use from one to four decks for
cess is not covered by the game's
the deal. The more decks, the more
documentation. The opening screen is a close-up
difficult card counting becomes. As a tutorial for card counting, a prac
of the Vegas Strip with cars moving swiftly up one side and down the other. A tap of the spacebar (the game makes no use of the joystick) changes to the option screen for se
tice banned at most casinos, Video Vegas isn't bad. The game has a built-
lection of your particular poison. Easily the most lackluster of the
card counting.
four games is the slot machine. The only strategy here is to try to bel big when you're going to win and small
a pair, and doubling is also an op
when you're not. But that's a guess
er's upturned ace can be called at the
ing process at best.
touch of a key, but only expert card
CHIP
CHECKER
TESTS and/or IDENTIFIES Over 600 Digital ICs 7-1/54 TTL + CMOS
14M CMOS 9000 TTL 8000 National and Signetics 12-24 Pin Chips(.3" + .6" widths)
Pressing a single key identifies/tests chips with ANY type of output in seconds. Inexpensive software updates will be of fered as new chip tests are developed. The CHIP CHECKER is available tor the Com modore C64 and C128 for only $159.
DUNE SYSTEMS 2603 Willa Drive
St. Joseph. Ml 490B5 (616) 983-2352 Rttdar '■■ t vi._.' No. 13fi
SO
AHOY!
A closeup of the machine domi
in aid to help keep track of what cards have been played, and the documen tation explains briefly two forms of It is possible to split any hand with tion when one more card just might
do the trick. Insurance against a deal
counters really benefit. It cuts losses
nates the screen. All that's left to do
and protects against a natural 21, but
is decide whether to risk one, two,
it'll never make a winner out of a los
or three dollars by tapping the T, "2",
ing hand.
or "3" key. Then sit back and wait for
In all, Video Vegas is a pleasant di
the handle to be pulled and the three
version. The program would have had
tumblers to come to a stop.
more bite if it had also included some
The T key gives the odds and pay offs for each combination, and fl re
form of craps as a fifth game or in place of keno or the slot machine.
verts back to the scene on the Strip. Kcno isn't much better. Since that game isn't as widely known, a run
down of the rules might be in order.
Baudville,
1001
Medical
Park
Drive S.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49506 (phone: 616-957-3036). —Rick Teverbaugh
IF YOU NEED $5,000. . .$20,000 EVEN UP TO $500,000 TO START A NEW BUSINESS OR TO EXPAND AN EXISTING FIRM-THEN READ WHY YOU TOO WILL CALL THIS INCREDIBLE MONEY RAISING
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY SEEKERS' LOANS MANUAL
EVERY LOAN DOLLAR YOU GET
"The Small Business Borrower's Bible"
YOU KEEP
Practically prepares the loan application for you line-by-line...the "proper" way. All properly prepared applications are processed faster...no red tape!
AND USE IO
OPERATE VOUH BUSINESS
Guaranteed Loans...Direct Loans...and Immediate Loans are available now
Mosi men and women seriously interested in slarttfig, tneu own business are eligible to apply — including those who already own a business and need because they do not know how 10 "properly" prepare Ihe loan application... In order ro help those people
applying (or these quarnnleod and
Sifli
there
ar«
(hole
who
declare 11
Oireci loans fill oui Ihttir lean appli
t lent/ ™>o"Bv ngftt now
cations the "right way" cur business
smtu OuJj"eii soyt'/imBii; lotm
researchers with their diligent compilation and eftadrvu n Harts have
it** loo Ctm long it j impombie
successluliy assembtorJ and pub
mote loins
lished a
comprehensive
Or
easy-io-
Follow seminar iti anual T" < ■ Business Opportunity Seekers' Loans Manual thai will quickly show you practically
even/thing you'Ll n sad to knew to prepare a loan application lo get federally
Guaranteed and Direct Loans.
you My
iy
heir
llie*e
accouniani i
/uri'Qr
assistant says ne mmht <t m-gnr be awastBQfmyttme''
Frankly — such rnnlmgs and
Here are just iom* or tht many I Imporlinl banallla iho BusinaStl
Opportunity Seekers' Loam Manual |
fuflt a lrj| ol
"bull"
wiinoul any real basis — and only
serve ic clearly snow Ihnl lack ol knowledge
misinformation
provkdasyou wiih
and
• a completely filled In tampiestt
t c u la r i ■ I, !■ ■ !■- -r. - --• -it you in
ine UNITED STATES GOVERN MENTS Small Busm«i Aaj"»msw a lion's [SBA] Programs nave unfortunately caused a k>t of
quick; r
people to ignore what is without a
or »■:!,*■ SB A ■■■.v application ion ■!
41
properly ' iir : in tor preparing
your
own
tain application '"•" tight - ■. Each line on Ih* lample ippll-
□ oubt
I i'iiiii
dnancmg lor
farm* I■ r. [.I in m-11
niiiTtrBif-.i
in
md
iBiy-io-under-
■lind language •
nor quilo
la*l
application
procvdurti lor
both
praparallon
n*w iiaii
up buim*<l
wtnlurti and filaaHihvd limit tniwtr
key
nry lor
qutiliom
Join approval
fully understanding
not
ups
and
only
ihe
new Easiness scan
ensling
buni*^^
No-* thai you've neard The "bull'
about the Umted Stales Govern ment s SB* Loan Program — take a few more momenis and rem if*
■ Only $.&*■
• Whal
nol do under any e Ire urn ■ lane n you lak* lo
guarantee *Hgib4Hly—no mi lief
of aporned kiani
winT
is
D<reci
and
ol
aa
a
aciually
all
Iha
lap*
com at
Ih*
loan
about
only
application
Inruuen^y
the most ignored and someiinn;*
i>utnghi 'idicuied mj£ii"1ijn'Of source 0' ready money Tail cap'Ui '" America THE UMIEO STATES GOVERNMENT
Of COurse There nt I*C5P "Mo upon hearing ih* wo'fU UN^tO STATES GOVERNMENT *J|I instantly f'*»ere up anrj frown and
only nunontros can got sma'f business ionn money I'O'ii the government*"
Yel on ihe Other niind (and most
puzilmg) olhers will rant on ,inrj on
and an 1 hat
don't own try, it's just impos
sible — all those Business toans Aog-ams a<e stnetly fc [rte Chryslers. Ihe LockheeGs.
Wo tug corpora-
Uons, nol tor the I'tle gtiy Of smaW companies' elc
mterejied
m
9 fli-Kl rjrrjmpl it'unC
^
harping
ousmesi mat money th*
mill
its lo ineir
mor*
yOu
mike
monay
a[4ri
a
a
let of
advantage —
you
mile
mt
mofi lhay nano tocoiirct m n.ei in ftical 1966 our nttion's good old generous directly
uncle o*
wnii
eitne' lend
guaranree
c-llloni
-n loan requests cii
amitanc*
procurtmeni
-: ■
of
assistAnce
S8A
funds
for this
m/inuaJ
ilorti
M
15 nol
AvaMaQle only T>y
ssf* ess
a
p'lvaie
loan
ac -isc or to ,»"'-'i a seminar
this
amanng Guann-
S8A
r*quir«d
by
Congrvii toprurid* a minimum
lully cotnplv with iificl quoiaa. {Almoil 5 billion 1Mb yaar)
Vet despite tne millions *rio mrss oui - mere *'e still literally triOLj^an^s ol amb'tiom men and women nahonwlde who are prop erly applying -- bomg approved — ann oblalmrrg lufficttnl tunOt to eimer
Tranctiise
start
new bus-ness
a
oj buy out o'eipanrJan
enstinn one |l/5[
a
lypical
lancy titles
iWoslly
r.ney are all
Americans
wi[fi
no
wr^o used essentially
rrie iirm «ff*cTk¥* know how in fill oui i"pir ,ipnf'f-ii'onnndii you ri Imd
m
irifi tJu?inf]ji
Opporlumty
Seekers" LoAn4 Manual
So don 1 you dart rjr shy jbaul applying
Tor aid accepting tnese
a Cong
bmrJmg
Guarantee
Dnuoiu
Na
arrongtr
couft*. no on* can guaranie«
I hat
e^ery
request
Quesl
that
*ny
will
be
ap
properly
sxiur>d ousmeM
re-
prepared — showing1 a
reasonable chance of repayment and submitted to SB*—will be approved
THOUSANDS ARE PROPERLY APPLYING AND BBNG APPROVED. HERE'S
YOUR
CHANCE
TO JOIN THEM! FREE BONUS |l you Order
you'
fast
man
e^sy
b
specially dffifcinerJ lo be rne tss>s
lew
hf
of a Small BvS"i6i$ Loan Sgnvnar —
w/ipYrJ
ow
ejc"
cenpanr
tOQistrant »ouitj
toll Wat
100%
But
w^o
couffl
rear!
svcctutvHf ui* th
course
'-■I
rnoro
lee
-
a
you
pron-ipiiy Ml .n and mail coupon BeJo* wit" 'ee *h.ie tT*rs special semina'-'n-p'ir-it
manual oiler is
stjJI a^aiiatjie by mail ai this reiainn
mem
uniQue
manual Quickly provides you with actual iJTipie copies a! SQA Loar-L ap&dcatian
Loans Manual" each at a S2O lee plus t3 00 handling and shipping gu&raniMs above I'm ordering loray
- sol can rsceiMi FREE - the valuable traaauryaf last. aa^y. 1ow-ca[nial and
highly pio'nabJe Du$mess programs v>c[h lody-fi^t dollars - mine frso
to heap m" ii I pec^H to Jelum the manual fora full relund Enclosed is Full Payment
Tively low price' Remem-jer
copras of
I am fully protocled by the two strong
iM —
pfo^iQtng
Diliin ind ruin lor
CUM PIE IE PftEPMMION issisriKCE Fan loin approvm h me
Smill porlion Of a typical seminar aitendance
.
"Busineis Opportunity Seekers'
anrj accouimodairons
n
aa
:
couta
lachnlqun
arerpQuirnrj Ano rjilu-r iKmS4^0 we ccjuid sla^h ihu pyice an Ine nay do*n to run
rjiduciibia
-ij - your copy today!
c> Day 'O' cosily D'^aie fojn SdmSO'V JSiiiMrtCe Sflrvjces Therelore lor those purchasing thema^uaJby mail no Jdaycras*. no
Hi
builnati aupvTH DonidtUy
tmce ffie
w'lhotil riit'ng so ittsnu 3 semmaf It
a
capital and Highly profitable
teea ar>a D-'vct Loans Manual was
anyone
Thi
such
seldom heard ol
neasury o<
SO 9*C*p!tonMlly cryttMt-cltar f/jjf
rr>* r*qu*iltrf Inlar*
rnako
lodiy *cu 11 receive a -aiuaoie
for eiarnprf. r'jijrra'r'j
mjsl
dent that this 13 a fact do we Haiti
at |uit a small
q^
wiinn
"Oi"
Onty bvcause we ate so confi
traction of Ahai ■! would cose lor the
»our
'CCPivetrT* funds 01 your mo ■kill n* relnrv]#rj -n lull
Financial Fraadom Co.. thfl ajicluilw* publlahar,
anytime
r»ar
appro.prj and .Uu mult act j
vmced
lime in placr> your o<de< in
dec<a> m kr«p and you apply Iop
Lom
proved — rxii clearly we are fumiy con
e**n
Oonj'1 lot* oui — now is the &«l cnmprern'nsiwfl
you
ana
II you donJ( apply for
aviiianr*
>f
manual -
SBA
along *.in
providing
informallori •
GUARANTEE -?
Ey*-n diPie* '5 (Tiy^ - neres r
□1
■cni bach du* lo applicant not
*ach llacat yttf In ordtr lola«r-
and yet ine
jun return <r fo< a fun J
mjnuiH QuMttty rnslruC^iOnj we"!
Lca^i are indeed available nqhi - irnm [he rj^si
• a*a»
ka
dollar amount In buainaii toana
most overlooked nnd
me *
pay an atfmjisron tee ol S*5Q
immediate
no«
Loan?
07%
mailkoPrr,O' pfovKiinfl thawonf
Jusi where ia all Win loan money
coming froTi"* Incredible Ji it m*y wunrj—iriese Guaianieed Loans
ro
*htn
dn
ar>S*i?rea
racognLiti
hutlnaii"
appll*i • Had
Ai mis point meinoit important yau
SB*
"imall
ccmpml*! In lha nahon
• (rhtri you can hie your applinii-i Tor rial tit pr- ■
oaiain
mail inrough this ad. direciiy rrom
till year
queiiion
you
■old
were iclually mad* torninorltn
I1 you do nor prmnlly quallly
h*'p
of tne enure world'
ippl 1 ■: p I on Iu<••" - down—gnr« you advice on whal you ihauld
o aciuaiiy
expansions m thu counlry — bul
order 10 help avoid hiving your
• ntfhjl umplt iltpi
• <Or IS dart -- and Ihpn Pt you \
moji
loilowrng facts ind in
J
VOIJ ir* l|lU Sirongly prurfc
important an a generous source ol
.■ "■ <-i loam TO'
• idvii«t you gn how lo properly
—
GUARANTEE"1
Heck. ineieS
loo much worrisomo papgrwork and red tape to wetio through." ratings a Jo
J
jno1
otner
reqjjrtd
to*mj—jirmdv QfQpp'iy
ami all
Mini in
Cash
Checi-
.
Money Order
Send payment with older Name.
_
,
,
Ploa» Prim Clearly
for you to PilSily uS« as 'e'lJDIV
accurate
Thus
sien-by-iiep
oHermgi
assurance win
Be
InereCv
'"ji
you.
you'
p'ope'iy
guides —
complete
jponcaTinn
prepares
i|1"r*ipdijTf 1 y
putting
anc yCu
Stala
.
2ip
on me "igi-ii road To oblaming fasi
MAIL TO
"O Fe.iJ-iat>e io*n appro^a'
Financial Freedom PuWi»h*rB
GUARANTEED YOUR LOAN MUST BE APPROVED .. OR MONEY BACK — ONLY A SMALL PRICE TO PAY FOR THE LOAN YOU CAN GET ... NO RISK AND NO HASSLES
Wlniiton^5alttm, NC 27101 1 Il>fl5
nenii*r Setvlce No. 118
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CARTRIDGE PORT CONVERTER COMMODORE M ft 121 COMPUTERS wilt in -w«u m«r hjtion will eu"i nate tlrniho poweo offion to r£sei parallel txfahhoh pom oh l'kiws backside allows simultaneous hard vvare i software accc&a •
YTHTlCAl CAKTMMII K)WJ HUES :• "■■"..-1■ usi WO MOfll JI"III ON TME COMPUT 1Mb PdlHTIO COtCUT KJAHD FBOU
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6 Ft.RE-232, male/male 100 write protect tabs 100 Tyvek disk sleeves
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B66 B69
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Vic-20, C16, Plus 4, C64, C128, AB switch 2 computers to 1 drive and printer or two printers to
1 computer.
plugs in in seconds.
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SUPKSAVER4
4 Commodore computers to 1 drive/printer, great for schools or business.
Home switch
Share 1 monitor with 2 computers, change output at the turn of a knob. The box has 2, 5 pin cables, 1 to each computer, plus a 8 pin socket for the monitor. C64/C128
All 36 pins switched,
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gold pins,
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$15.95
THE
BLflCK BOOK or
C-128
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CPM 3.0,
Includes C64,
1541,
128 40/80 switchable cable
80 columns,
plus built-in switch
POWER
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surge pro
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!'S PAK 64
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ULIRAVOX Sound Systei
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with a
Creates 100X stereo,
built-in amp to power speakers directly. 1.150 popular subroutines on disk, add to Also works with VCR & TV your own programs, graphics, sorts, etc.
I.poster
(21x2fi) screen/color memory map.
3.extensive CG4 memory map 4.18 bound cheat cards, commands at hand
E.H.C.S. Music Constniction Set
).95
The powerful music processor for the C64, All four items in one great package price 3lays 32nd notes,allows long compositions
CARMDE PORT (M£ LO in,
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also 40 pre-recorded songs.
& Disk Catalog*-
extension cable for cartridge port 4,000 files or 100 disks.
APROSPANI>01
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Identifies 14 file types,
Add,
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save,
etc.
print lists in
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WlRtlRH k
laa'joaacf ÂŤ
FEJTB1IH
Profound Prestidigitation,
t has been well over a year and
'ÂŁ a half since Commodore pre sented
the
Amiga,
amidst
much fanfare, to a packed hall at New York's Lincoln Center. We
The Amiga Side First and foremost, the Amiga 2000 is an Amiga. That is, we expect it to be fully compatible with all the
er RAM, it should not present a problem. We have found that software which requires the earlier Kickstart release will generally fail to proper
software already developed for the
ly recognize system RAM beyond the
have used this time to sit back, gath
Amiga 1000. The bulk of the operat
half megabyte of chip RAM. To allow
er up our socks, and ponder the sig
ing system has been placed in a quar-.
nificance of this machine which still
ter megabyte of ROM. The need for
represents the forefront of microcom puting technology. Nor has Commo dore been idle during this interval,
for the possibility of operating sys tem upgrades, the system ROMs will
the Kickstart disk, which present Amiga users are all too familiar with, has thus been eliminated. This will
be socketed. The Amiga 2000 represents a ma
as we found out at a private showing
speed up the initialization of the ma
jor addition to the hardware of the ba sic Amiga in nearly every regard. A
this past December. At that time we
chine, as only a single disk, contain
clue to the extent of this expansion
were treated to a sneak preview of the
ing 1\brkbench or an application pro-.
Amiga 2000.
gram, will be required at boot up.
The Amiga 2000 represents a ma turing of the new technology which
With the operating system in ROM it will no longer be possible to change
is given by the visible bulk of the CPU. Its sheet metal enclosure is a bit narrower than the Amiga 1000, but
was introduced with the Amiga 1000.
versions by booting from a different
The Amiga 2000 will also serve as
disk. To allow for the operation of
a bridge to the extensive world of "Business Computing" in terms of the IBM PC and its clones. In brief, the
tion there is no longer any space to slide the keyboard under the CPU.
software, which may require earlier
A cursory inspection reveals front
versions of Kickstart for proper op
Amiga 2000 has all of the Amiga
to Kickstart in the system's RAM.
1000 capabilities on a chassis equipped with Kickstart 1.2 in ROM, one metabyte of RAM, one Amiga
However, the viability of this proce
panel positions for two .3 W" disk drives and one half-height 5V*" drive. The default configuration includes only a single 3'/2" drive.
slot (86 pin), five Zorro slots (100
this will occupy 256 kilobytes of us-
pin), one video expansion slot, and four IBM XT/AT slots. The CPU will accommodate three disk drives inter nally and two more externally.
eration, it will be possible to switch
dure will have to be evaluated separ ately for each application. Although
Toxf and Photos
by Morton Kevelson
it is nearly twice its height. In addi
The optional drive slots may: be filled with either floppy disk drives or hard drives of the appropriate size.
The Amiga 2000 will be equipped to handle three internal and two external floppy disk drives for a total of three 3V4" and two 5 V*" drives. The hard
AHOY!
53
DATA EAST BRINGS ARCADE REALISM HOME!
EXPRESS KAlnER" - Rindlts have wi/ed Ihe
Gold City bvpress. Rirscue the passi'n^ers. save Ihi1 (C.1K.4 IT OMAJI" - Putim youi Mode belt .mil challenge your friends or the computer through
train, and recapture the tooV. lror Commodiire
nine picturesque settings in this touting Martial
TAG TEAM WRESTLING" - Tcimworkand stamina are the keys, as you .iud your partner
Aibpme lo become the Katale Champ. Fur
Commodore MI28" and Applr IIs BOira. COMMANDO'-'- As the crack shul Comniando,
bank1 your way Ihroiigh'lhe Tille'Malches on your
rcbd fwrccsf Aimed with only a machini' Ktin .ind hand f;rL>iMdes, you must to.ich Ihe forltvss. For
KUNG-FU MASTER'* - IWtle Ihe evil (rows through Ihe live dangerous Atais in the iviAird's c.islle to rescue Ihe captivi1 lair maiden. l;or Commodurv64Vl 26™ and Apple II" series.
Commodore 64'i28", Apple II' M'rit~t. jih! IBM.
.»■
/K.4JW IVMRRIOKS'" • - Behind enemv lines. Buerillj vvarfan? are your Mctlcaaiyou and your ■ pariniT liatlk* throusl' tlie jungles, (Iven, ruins,
Suest for the belt. For Commodore 6J<128'", Apple ■ scries, and IBM.
and Opposing enlivnihnli-nls in this InWlictive 2-pKii-«arcjdfhit. ForGimminJoreM'128:*
BREAKTHRU'- - Vour mission is to retrieve the
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Commodore 61/128™
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AMIGA
S I C Y I O N drives will require an optional hard disk controller card. Commodore
cal to the 86 pin external expansion
will be offering a DMA hard disk
bus on the Amiga 1000. Since it lacks
controller card which will include ST 506 and SCSI ports.
any buffering, this slot permits direct
The
basic machine
The sixth expansion slot is identi
access to the microprocessor's bus for
2000 format boards available on the day the machine was released. We will also be looking for add-on cag es for the Amiga 1000 which will du plicate some or all of the expansion slots provided with the Amiga 2000.
will come
the addition of coprocessors as in the
equipped with one megabyte of RAM
accelerator board mentioned above.
The addition of all this internal ex
internally expandable to 9 megabytes (the Amiga 1000 may be expanded up
However, existing slap-on expansion
pansion has not resulted in a signifi
boards cannot be readily plugged into
cant loss of external ports. In fact the
to 8.5 metabytes). The default mega
this slot. Its internal location and or
only thing missing, which was pres
byte is equally divided between chip
ientation make this physically impos
ent on the Amiga 1000, is the com
RAM and fast RAM. The default mi
sible. Once again, a minimal rede
posite video output. The serial and
croprocessor will be the 68000 run
sign of the board layout is all that will
ning at 7.14 MHz. An optional accel erator board, equipped with a 14 MHz 68020 microprocessor and a
be required to modify existing slap-
parallel ports for printers, modems, and other standard peripherals will
on card designs.
still be available. However, the seri
68881 math coprocessor, will also be
are already in the hands of existing
available from independent develop
Amiga developers, it would not sur
ers. The 68000 is internally a 32 bit
form to the IBM PC standard. This will permit the use of off-the-shelf ca
prise us if the present manufacturers
bles with printers and modems. The
microprocessor with a 16 bit address bus. The 68020 is the full 32 bit ver sion of the 68000. The Amiga 2000 provides for sig
of Amiga expansion cards had Amiga
dual mouse/joystick/light pen ports
nificant internal expansion of the
hardware. In fact there are a total of seven expansion slots just for Amiga peripherals. The additional slots for IBM equipment will be discussed la ter. Five of the Amiga slots are de signed in accordance with the 100 pin Zorro specification we discussed in the February issue. These slots will
meet all the electrical requirements of the specification. However, the form factor of the expansion boards has been changed. The Amiga 2000's Zorro cards will have the same size and shape as the expansion cards for the IBM PC. If you read the Amiga Section in the February Ahoy!, you may recall our mentioning that Com modore had marked parts of the Zor ro specification as seriously prelim inary. Well, they certainly weren't kidding.
Fortunately, the electrical part of the expansion slots will still conform to the Zorro specification. Board ma kers will only have to change the phy sical layout of their cards. If the or
iginal board layout was done on a CAD system, then their redesign will require minimal effort. Commodore
provided all Amiga developers with the details of the new machine at the
Monterey Amiga developers' confer ence held last fall.
As the details of the new machine
al and parallel ports will now con
Graphic Display Modes Another release from our What's-all-the-fuss-about Department
Now that Commodore is preparing to enter the IBM PC market
in a big way, we have started to look at what's available on the other
side of the fence. One thing we couldn't help but notice was that an inordinate amount of fuss and attention was being given to IBM's new EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) standard. This board, introduced
in late 1984, costs between $500 and $1000 depending on the accompanying RAM. In return it will equip a PC with enhanced color
graphics, making possible a host of new applications for the PC. Not unexpectedly, a host of clone makers are already offering substitute EGA
Graphics Formats for Commodore and IBM PC Resolution Machine VIC 20
(pixels HxV) 192 x 184
Colors 8 out of 8
Plus/4
320 x 200
121 out of 121
C-64
160 x200
16 out of 16
C-64
320 x 200
16 out of 16
C-128
640x200
Monochrome
EGA (PC)
640 x 350
16 out of 64
CGA (PC)
320 x 200
4 out of 16
CGA (PC)
640x200
2 out of 16
MDA (PC)
720 x 350
Monochrome
Hercules (PC)
720x348
Monochrome
Amiga
320 x 200
32 out of 4096 32 out of 4096
Amiga
320 x400
Amiga (HAM)
320 x 200
4096 out of 4096
Amiga
640x200
16 out of 4096
Amiga
640x400
16 out of 4096
cards at prices of
only
$300
to
$600-a fraction (although a large fraction) of the cost of the IBM offering. Having come
be
accus
tomed to reason ably detailed col or graphics on several genera tions of Commo dore computers, we decided to find out what all
the fuss was about. Just what does IBM's EGA
offer? The results
EGA = Enhanced Graphics Adapter
are summarized
CGA = IBM Color Graphics Adapter MDA = IBM Monochrome Display Adapter
in the accom panying table.
AHOY!
55
Internal Expansion
Commodore product.
The Amiga 2000 is the first
dustry. Many users of the Amiga 1000 have expressed interest in this
The advantage of internal expan sion is in the clear definition of the
type of expansion.
Commodore microcomputer to of fer extensive internal expansibil
configuration for external peri
neglected. The CPU can accommo
ity. Technically, all of the previ
pherals. This is of the greatest benefit to third party peripheral manufacturers. In turn, the popu larity of die host machine is sig nificantly enhanced. A manufac
date a second 3 W drive as well as
turer of an IBM or Apple peri pheral is able to guarantee that his product will function in the ma chine. The user has every reason to expect his add-on cards to func tion harmoniously with any other peripherals he may already have. If problems do arise, the respon
drive modules may be substituted for either the 3'A"or5lA" floppies. This still leaves room for two external
sible party is readily identified.
DMA hard drive controller card will also provide connections for two ST506 drives as well as an SCSI (Small
ous Commodore machines were fully expandable via external add ons. Practically, the actual expan
sion that could be done was very limited. Let us take a close look at the significance of internal ex pansion as it is implemented on the IBM and its clones and the Ap
ple II family of computers, versus the externally expandable design of the Amiga 1000 and the C-64. To begin with, many of the fea tures that are taken for granted by Commodore users have to be add ed to the machines from Big Blue and the Fruit Company. An Amiga or C-64 out of the box can be con nected to several external disk drives, a printer, and a modem. All of the internally expandable machines require accessory cards for these functions. The C-64 is equipped with a user configurable port for serial or parallel bidirec tional data transmission. Once
The provision for significant in ternal expansion also requires that the machine's power supply be de signed for some amount beyond
drives, a 3'/2" unit and a 5W unit, both configured as Amiga drives. The drive controller for the option al disk drives is built into the basic system, The optional Commodore
Computer System Interface) port. The ST-506 format port is used by
Macintosh and is becoming some
a 200 watt power supply.
thing of an industry standard.
In the C-64 world peripherals
SCSI is the interface for the Apple
Some
additional
features
have
will generally monopolize their as
found their way into the system. The
sociated expansion port. For ex
Amiga 2000 will incorporate a built-
ample, multiple expansion port
in clock/calendar with battery back up. Users familiar with Amiga DOS will immediately recognize the value of this accessory. The keyboard has
cartridges will invariably conflict
modore
with each other. Commodore has
equipped for color or mono chrome display on a video moni
PC card. Alternatively, hard disk
the IBM PC and its compatibles. The
al on Blue and Fruit. The Com fully
is intended for the Amiga side while die latter is for use by the optional
main machine. For example, the Amiga 2000 will be equipped with
cartridges cannot be used. These
come
a half-height 5 lA" drive. The former
the immediate requirements of the
again, these functions are option machines
Disk drive expansion has not been
addressed the compatibility prob lem on the Amiga 1000 by pub lishing autoconfiguration and in-
also been extended. The key count
tercard communication protocols. However, in the absence of a cen tral testing agency, there are no
Amiga. The numeric keypad has been extended to 18 keys, including open and close parentheses and all
requires an add-on RF modulator.
guarantees that products from dif ferent manufacturers will function
of die PC style labels have also been
As a result, a large part of the
tor or home television. Big Blue
out of the box has no visual out put whatsoever. The fruit machine does provide a signal for a video monitor, but the TV connection
is now 94 (96 on the international version), up from 89 on the original
four of the basic math operators. All
harmoniously. The presence of an
added to the front face of all the ap
internal expansion on these ma chines is generally devoted to fea
internal expansion chassis in die Amiga 2000 provides the common
propriate keys. The cursor keys are
tures which are built in on the
ground for all peripheral makers.
function keys have been separated
have been moved to the front of the console.
cated at the right rear corner of the
now in an inverted T layout, and the from the main keyboard in PC clone style.
ted RGBI format. If composite video
main board. This slot may be used for an optional composite video or genlock type of peripheral. Commo dore will be offering a video card
or modulated RF (for television use)
which will provide standard NTSC
plete PC XT or AT clone. These ma
is required, an optional video card
or PAL video output. We expect third
will have to be installed. The com-
party developers to take advantage of
chines utilize the 8088/8086 and the 80286 microprocessors. The poten
posiie video functions have been delegated to a dedicated video slot !o-
this slot by offering specialized vid
tial also exists for expansion to in
eo applications for the broadcast in
clude
Video display is the Amiga's 4096 color analog RGB or the more limi
56
AHOY!
The PC Clone Side The Amiga 2000 actually has die
built-in hardware for adding a com
an
80386
microprocessor.
However, standards for the_ 80386 mi croprocessor expansion bus have not
yet been established. This PC expan sion has been implemented by incor porating an AT compatible, four slot expansion bus on the main circuit
COMPUlOUGH â&#x2013; 0;*-
board. The design of the Amiga 2000's ex
pansion bus requires some qualifica tion. The four PC slots consist of two AT type slots and two XT slots. The AT slots add a second 36 pin con nector to the original 62 pin connec tor used by the XT style cards. How ever, the printed circuit traces for the AT extension are present for all four
"If you think you know how to play
Blackjack, meet me at The Casino."
slots. Thus the additional AT connec
tor extensions can be easily added if required. Note that the skirt overhang on many XT board designs limits
their installation to the positions where the AT extension slot is vacant. The two AT style expansion slots are in line with two of the Amiga's Zorro slots. This is essential to the design of the system. The PC XT or AT compatibility is achieved by in
stalling a bridge card which spans one of the Zorro-XT/AT slots. This card will include an 8088 or an 80286 mi croprocessor, its own RAM and ROM BIOS, a pair of custom ICs to implement the Amiga-PC interface, and a disk drive interface. In effect
this amounts to an XT or AT clone on a card. Inter system communica tion will be maintained via a 64 kilo byte, dual-port RAM as an inter-pro cess buffer with a 64 kilobyte dualport scratch memory on the Amiga side. The XT version of the bridge card, model A 2088, will include an 8088
microprocessor running at 4.77 MHz, its own 512 or 256 kilobytes of RAM, 16 kilobytes of ROM BIOS and an in terface for one internal and three ex
ternal 5 W" 360 kilobyte disk drives. The system will use the Amiga's parallel port for printer interfacing unless a PC communications card is installed in one of the three remain ing slots. The operating system, sup plied with the card, will be MS-DOS
version 3.2 which supports both *$W and 5W inch disk formats. IBM type monochrome text and
"I'm into world events and trivia.
And I can play right here in the living room!"
Bridge board
the Amiga and MS/DOS operating systems. One of the first of these util ities will support cut and paste op
(actual name
erations between software packages
The Janus or
not yet set) is a
'AM IBM PC clone on a plug-in card. Zorro connec tor is to the left with PC
running on the two systems. The pos sibilities are endless. Conclusions At a year and a half after its intro
duction the Amiga is stil! at the tech nological forefront of microcomput
connector to
ing. Nevertheless, the size of the PC
the right.
"business" market is just too large to ignore. With the Amiga 2000 Com
color displays will be available simul taneously through Amiga windows. The borders of these windows may be turned off to permit the full 80 column display. Since the PC displays are implemented using the Amiga's graphics, full user control of screen format and color is available via the Amiga's Preferences tool. This ap plies to both the monochrome and
color PC windows. The PC windows may also be sized to run alongside any number of Amiga applications. The re duced
size
PC
windows
may
ing of low cost, readily available PC
modore will be bridging the gap be
peripherals will greatly enhance the
tween the advanced features of the
operation of the Amiga system. The
Amiga and the widespread "respect
most notable example is the partition
ability" of the PC clones. In the pro
ing of hard disk drives for use by both systems. With this arrangement a low cost {under $500) PC hard card may
cess we
be installed in one of ihe PC slots.
ing support for the Amiga design by
Under software control the hard drive's storage capacity may be par titioned for use by both systems. If
offering a fully compatible and high
desired, ihe entire capacity may be
now have an excuse to buy an Amiga
assigned exclusively to the Amiga.
be
Additional hardware and software
scrolled across a full PC text screen.
applications will be forthcoming from
The PC side of the system will re
Commodore as well as third party
ceive considerable support from the
developers. These applications will
Amiga side. To start with, the shar-
promote greater integration between
ly expandable upgrade path. Second ly, the "business" community will for their own use. Once it is in their hands we feel confident that the Ami ga will make the proper impression. With this new machine Commo
dore has effectively extended the def inition of the Amiga's multitasking
EXPANSION IMTBRRUPr
86 PIN LOCAL â&#x2013;
expanI SLOT
notable
modore is demonstrating its continu
The Amiga 2000 System Block Magram
CPUWVTERMFT 1
feel that several
things will be achieved. First. Com
CompuCrazy "Ready for an adventurous challenge? We're a team. And Nellie
doesn't horse around."
*> ' I
Slot machine close up. Four PC XT type connectors at top, five 100-pin Amiga connectors at bottom. operating system (o include multipro cessing and multioperating system. Since the add-on processors all have their own system resources,
both
hardware and software, they will all run at full speed. In this mode, the Amiga need only maintain appropri ate windows for input and output.
CompuServe Games
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AMIGA
IICTION New Amiga 2000 Peripherals
Chip RAM v. Fast RAM Chip RAM is so designated as it is the only RAM which is di rectly accessible to the Amiga's graphic and sound coprocessors. Data stored in chip RAM can be manipulated by the coprocessors without the intervention of the 68000 microprocessor. The term fast RAM has been a
An 8088 microprocessor board
the cost of the one megabit RAM chips when it is introduced.
which provides PC XT compati bility. Price will be less than $500 for a board with 512K of RAM.
A 2094 Amiga DMA Hard Disk Control ler board for two ST506 hard
A 2286 An 80286 microprocessor board which provides PC AT compati
drives plus an SCSI port. Price
bility. Price and configuration to
Amiga NTSC composite video
source of confusion for Amiga us
be determined.
and RF modulator board. Price will be less than $100.
ers. The implication is that chip
A 2002
comparison. This is just not so. The speed of the 68000 is fixed by the internal clock at over 7.14 MHz. Thus code residing in chip or fast RAM can execute at the same speed. However, fast RAM is inaccessible to the Amiga's graphic and sound coprocessors. Any graphic or sound data must be first transferred to chip RAM by the CPU before it can be acted on by the coprocessors. It is this inability of the coprocessors to ac cess fast RAM from which its speed advantage derives. Most of the time, the 68000 and its coprocessors function in per fect harmony. The Amiga is de signed so that access to RAM by the 68000 and the graphic copro cessor occur on alternate clock cy
A 2088
2 MByte
A 2050 Amiga RAM board
which can be populated as lh, 1,
or 2 MBytes. Price will be less than $600 for the 2M version. A 2058 8 MByte Amiga RAM board which can be populated as 4, 6, or 8 MBytes. Price is dependent on This is a task which the Amiga does
will be less than $250. A 2060
RGB and composite video color monitor. Price will be under $400. A 2080 Color monitor with long persis tence phosphors for use with in terlace mode. Price will be less
than $500. operating system is still that of the or
very well inasmuch as its operating
iginal PC. The operating system to
system was designed with this in
take full advantage of the 80286 mi croprocessor is still six months to a
mind. Most of the windowing opera
tions are handled by the Amiga's own trio of custom coprocessors, leaving the 68000 free to run unique Amiga
year away. By comparison, the Ami
applications.
ago. When this comes to pass we can
In the ultimate scenario we can ex
ga's operating system already had multitasking capability over one year see an Amiga 2000 multitasking sev
pect a multitasking operating system
eral Amiga applications alongside a
to become available for the PC world.
PC window which in turn may be
This is the intended purpose of the
multitasking several PC applications.
80286 and 80386 microprocessors.
In effect, the rest of the world will
We find it interesting that although
finally be catching up to where the
the PC AT is currently available, its
Amiga was over one year ago. D
RAM
is
somehow
slow
by
cles. Occasionally the graphics co
processor gets greedy by demand ing more than its fair share of time. When this happens the 68000 is put on hold while the graphics co processor does its job. By compar ison the 68000 is never forced to wait for access to fast RAM, no
matter what the graphics chip may be up to. Strictly speaking, a better name for the expansion RAM might be "RAM which cannot be accessed by the coprocessor chips, thus the 68000 is free to execute code with
out hindrance." Most developers find this to be somewhat cumber some. Besides, it makes for poor advertising copy. As a result we
View from right shows disk drive stack and power supply enclosure. At bottom we have tantalizing glimpses of the RAM, ROM, and microprocessors.
have the somewhat misleading, but esthetically pleasing, fast RAM.
AHOY!
61
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22.95 27.95 34 95 22.95 22.95 22.95
Lords of Midnight
14.95
21.95 21.95 21.95
Fasl Load Mulliplan 64/128 Programmers Toll Kit Vorpal
39.95
Iniiltrator. Halley Pro}ecl
18.95
EPYX
26.95 24.95
Indoor Sports
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24,95 21,95
Roller
21.95 21.95 24.95 14.95
Labyrinth
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26.95
Ullima IV
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Hacker II Music Studio Aliens
$24 95
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19.95
Murder on ihe Mississippi.... Rocky Horrow Show Shanghai
Gamemaker Sporis
21.95
Decolor
Orders
5,95 7.95 7.95 8.95
Moebius Movie Maker
Mindshadow
Spindizzy
74.95
Lords of Conquest Marble Madness.
Bop and Wrestle Dolphins Rune Fairlight
ACCESS
Star Fleet 1 Commando
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Leader Board L.8. Tournament Disk Macti 128 Mach 5 10th Frame Triple Pack.
,
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$29 95 20 95
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Clip Art III Newsroom Graphic Expander Certificate Maker*]
18,95
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Master Moderm
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Pocket Filer 64
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Cross Country Road Race.... 19.95
Xetek Graphic Interlace.. . 54.95
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Word Writer 128 w/Speller... 42,95
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ea
142.95 29.% 42.95
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RIBBON Axiom Elite 5 LCD Brother 15. 25, 35 Commodore 1525 Commodore 1526 Epson 185 Epson 85..., Epson mx, Ix, rx 100 Epson mx. Ix, rx 80 Gorilla Bananna
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Swift Calc 128 w/Sideways.. 42.95 Swift Calc 64 w/Sideways... 29.95
MICRQLEAGUE General Manager Disk Micro League Baseball Team Disks
WIC0 Bal Handle
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Where in Ihe World is Carmen Sandiago P/S Library 1-2-3 ea
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Data Manager 128 Data Manager II Partner 128
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Superbase 64 Superscript 128 Superscript 64
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Flight Sim II Football Jet Pure Slat Baseball
Scenery Disk 1-6 ea Stadium Disk (baseball)
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BATTERIES INCLUDED Paperclip II Consultant 64/128
Paperclip w/Spell 64
$49.95 36,95 28,95
12.95
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LAPS For the C-64 By James C. Hilty The most famous auto race in the world, the Ion International 500, is scheduled to be run this weekend. You have always dreamed of winning the grand prize of one hundred thousand dol lars in cash and a year's subscription to Ahoy! Unfortun ately there can only be 20 cars in the race, and 19 posi
tions are already filled. \bu must post a better time in
the qualifying laps than your opponent or it's wait till Laps is a two-player 3-D racing simulation for the C-64.
nent. A conservative race run at slow to moderate speeds could give you a decent time and force your opponent to try to drive a fester, more wide open race. The last
The players take turns running three qualifying laps, and
lap for each player will often decide the outcome of the
next year!
the racer with the best average time after the three laps is the winner. When the game is first run, a prompt asks for the names of the racers. If you wish to practice run ning laps alone, simply press the RETURN key for each name; otherwise enter the name of each racer (up to 10 letters). The name of the first player is displayed on the
game. Remember, the winner is decided on the average
time of all three laps, so one bad lap time doesn't put you out of the game. Will your dream come true? Will you win a place in the Ion International 500? It is up to you, the race car driver, to decide your fate against a worthy opponent. D
screen. The speed is shown as 50 mph. The player car
(red) cannot go slower than 50 mph or faster than 300 mph. The racer uses a joystick in Port 2. The same joy stick is used by both players. To begin your lap, press the fire button. Pushing the joystick up increases your speed, while pushing it down slows you down. Pushing the stick left or right moves you left or right. After your lap is completed your time is shown in the bottom half of the screen. The second racer's name comes up and he runs his lap. This continues until each player has driv en three laps. The average time for each racer is then calculated and a winner is declared.
THI TRACK
The upper half of the screen shows your car on a 3-D racing track with a city in the background. If you hit the
red and white track boundaries during a lap, your car crashes, time is added to your lap time, and your car must start at 50 mph. Your position in the lap stays the same. The same is true if you crash into one of the other cars that happen to be on the track. There are green cars on the track that travel at high speeds and there are yel
low cars on the track that are moving very slow. These cars are obstacles and should be avoided, as a crash will cost you time. Turns on the track appear suddenly and are very treach erous. If you enter a turn at too high a speed, you will fly off the track. Don't forget to steer your car when you
SEE PROGRAM LISTING ON PAGE 107
tensoft
presents
The Amazing
ARITH
METICIAN
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friends In main? They'll boiti rmpiow f;m with ARITHMETICIAN' Here is a math game that kid's come back to—a game that
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are in a turn, or you will end up on the other side of the road or crash into another car. '
••■
lemon, r.D. Bo. I4TJ1. ]
STRATEGY
How you run your race depends on you and your oppo
H«a«f S»rvlc« NO. 129
AHOY!
63
When it comes to flyingfighterplanes
IT'S THE MANNOT THE MACHINE iifference
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K!y solo or in team cunli^iirntiot!
Maneuver in 3-D space "Sm and niDid" techniques Aihiintw] Hnfaatits kops, mils. G's, split S's Ontflv Ihe eitemv
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racamarkBOIConimatofe Sr^cti onfc*. Li-.t. and Atari Jnc, ryie» No. 116
REVIEWS i nil HACK-PACK
4:CMD4 command string. Toolkit
BASIC Commodore has ever pro
The FIND command is one which no self-respecting programmer should have to do without. Yet for some reason, every version of Micro soft BASIC we have come across lacks this essential feature (Commo
duced on an eight bit machine. Ac
dore BASICs all owe their origin to
#4 command to unlisten the printer
tually, among Commodore BASICs, its only competition comes from AmigaBASIC. Nevertheless, if you look
Microsoft, and the C-128 lets you
and clear the printer's buffer. Failure
know this in no uncertain terms).
to do so will result in problems with
Even AmigaBASIC fails to rectify
disk access.
hard enough (or even just a little bit)
this sorry state. In all fairness, Com
you can always find room for im provement. Hack-Pack for the C-128 feels that it has found that room for improvement, and on that point we
modore has in the past made some
The CHANGE command com bines FIND with replace. All occur rences of the search-string will be re placed by the specified replacement-
Metacomco
Commodore 128
Disk; $39.95 BASIC 7.0 on the C-128 is the best
efforts to provide FIND for their loy
will agree with them. Hack-Pack also
al users. The VIC 20's Programmer's Aid Cartridge and the C-64's Simons' BASIC both included FIND com
bills itself as "The ultimate utility
mands in their repertoire.
pack for the 128." We won't go so far as to agree with them on this point,
Hack-Pack's Toolkit Commands FIND DUMP MERGE
SIZE
CHANGE INFO TYPE QUIT
If this selection seems a trifle sparse, be it known that ic is deliber ately so. Hack-Rick shuns the imple mentation of "nonsense commands that no one ever uses such as BEEP and FLASH!" (page 2 of the manual). Be that as it may, BASIC program mers will definitely find these com mands useful. In particular the FIND
and CHANGE commands are wel come additions.
feature. When using CMD be sure to conclude the output with a PRINT
string. The range upon which FIND and CHANGE operate can be restric
ted by specifying a line-range, as with the C-128's LIST command.
your program's variables and the
names of all functions and arrays. Note that only the names and not the contents of arrays will be displayed. DUMP accepts two modifiers which restrict its output to either variables
Toolkit
Toolkit is a collection of eight com mands which we list herewith:
acknowledged usefulness of such a
you with the names and values of all
in turn.
easier than before. To be specific, the
output to the printer in spite of the
The DUMP command provides
but they are entitled to their opinion. Hack-Pack is actually a collection of three utilities which will make life with the C-128 and BASIC 7.0 even better. We will look at each of these
In deference to the Hack-Pack manual we will start with the Toolkit. As its title suggests, the Toolkit is a collection of commands which will make the editing of BASIC programs
does not add the ability to redirect
or arrays. DUMP'S output is format
ted for the 40 column display no mat
FIND lets you specify and locate any text string in a BASIC program.
It works on tokenized keywords as well as literals. With Toolkit you must flank the search-string with delimi ters. A delimiter is simply any char
acter that is not part of the search string. The quotation mark may be used as a delimiter, but it has a spe cial effect. It places die computer into quote mode, which of course turns
off tokenization. Thus quotes are used to locate literal text strings which may also contain BASIC keywords.
FIND's output is simply a listing of all program lines which contain the search-string to the screen. So if you
have a long program, keep your fin ger in the vicinity of the C-128's NO SCROLL key. Alternatively you may redirect the computer's output to the printer using the traditional OPEN4,
ter which display is actually in use. The INFO command provides a detailed report of the memory usage
by your BASIC program. This infor mation includes the length of the pro gram with separate figures for the memory used by variables, arrays, and strings. It also reports on the memory which is still available for program and variables. INFO is in ef
fect an enhanced version of BASICs
FRE function. Unlike FRE, however, INFO cannot be invoked from within a program.
The MERGE command combines a program in memory with another program from the disk. MERGE is actually an append, as it does not mix program lines. The line numbers of
the program being brought in from the disk must all be greater man the line numbers of the program already in memory. The TYPE command reads an ASCII file from the disk and displays
AHOY!
65
the 1541 in C-128 mode.
w
1
Draw A "Winner"
L
With
D
To be properly effective, the RAMDisk should emulate the disk drive
ternal drive or even as device num ber eight. Good disk drive program ming practice requires that the disk
as much as possible. Most Commo
drive error channel be checked after
dore DOS commands are supported.
C
A
The most notable exception was the
D
lack of relative files. We were also
n
D
unable to read the RAM-Disk direc tory with the LOAD "$",9 command. Note that RAM-Disk defaults to de vice nine. The RAM-Disk directory could be displayed with BASIC 7.0's CATALOG command. The resulting directory listing looked just like that from a real disk drive. The only dif
r" From Inkwell Systems
a a v 3 a
ference was that the drive number was always an "R" and the disk ID
K
all disk operations. This is especial ly true with RAM-Disk, which does not have a blinking error light. An optional debug mode may be turned on to stop a BASIC program when
a RAM-Disk error occurs. Computer RAM is volatile storage.
That is, all data is lost when the com puter is turned off. Conversely there is no data in RAM when the com puter is turned on. For RAM-Disk to be of any use there must be some way to insert and extract data. The simplest way is to load the data into normal RAM and then save it to RAM-Disk. Simply reverse the pro
i
cess to transfer data back to disk. This is fine for program files but dis tinctly awkward for sequential files.
tA
As such RAM-Disk is provided with
it on the terminal one screen at a time. After the first page you have the op
its own COPY command for trans
tion of proceeding line by line or
ferring files from floppy disk to
screen by screen. The SIZE command returns the length of a file in bytes. Of course
INTERACTIVE HI-RES GRAPHIC SYSTEM Complete package includes
blocks by four. This does not take into
Note that in addition to the space
account the first two bytes of each
.Printm3srfts . lull inn year warranty
be introduced by the last block of a
found error on our 1571 disk drive.
technical drawings
block which act as a link to the next disk block. An additional error may
All our attempts generated a file not
Ugh! Pen and Sollware
in kilobytes by dividing its length in
try as we might, we could not get this command to work with our system.
Professional Quality
you can always estimate a file's size
RAM-Disk and back. Unfortunately,
required by the RAM-Disk itself, the RAM-Disk program uses up an addi tional eight kilobytes.
■w
K -UTTRODuc
file which may not be completely filled. The SIZE command elimi nates all these uncertainties. FIND operates by simply reading the selec
ted file and counting every byte till an end of file marker is encountered. The QUIT command is simple enough. It disables Toolkit and re turns its 2Vi kilobytes to BASIC.
was always RD. In addition to the standard DOS commands, RAM disk has a set of commands of its own. These control the size of the RAM-Disk and its lo cation in the C-128's memory. The RAM-Disk memory need not be con
RAM-Diik
The RAM-Disk utility emulates a
tiguous. It is possible to allocate
floppy disk in a portion of the C128's built-in RAM. The advantage is of course increased speed. We 30% faster than a 1571 for loading
blocks scattered throughout RAM to the RAM-Disk. Note that RAM-Disk is fixed in size unless specifically in structed to change. It will not auto matically expand or shrink in re
programs. The real speed improve
sponse to the programs it contains.
ment was in saving programs. For this function we measured a six to
The default RAM-Disk device number may be changed to suit your
one
requirements.
found that the RAM-Disk was about
improvement.
Of course the
greatest benefit would be for users of 66
AHOY!
This
lets
you
OF CLIP ART AND ILLUSTRATIONS
FOR USE WITH
AND ■$T$$^
Now Available: ■ HOLIDAY THEMES ICLIP-AUT POTPOURRI
use
RAM-Disk with more than one ex
>\i--iii
S«rvlc» No. H!
Compressor
versions of the 1541 and 1571 disk
Last, and conceivably least, you will find the Compressor utility on the distribution disk. The Compres
drives.
sor exerts its influence upon a BASIC 7.0 program. When it has done its
Hack-Pack is definitely a useful collection of C-128 utilities. We ex
duty, the hapless program will be to
pect that you will find some of them
tally bereft of all REMs and super fluous spaces. In addition, the total number of program lines will be re duced to the extent that logic permits. This is achieved by concatenating
more useful than others. The Toolkit
program lines and eliminating the su
perfluous line numbers. The result ing program lines will contain up to 256 tokens and other characters. The whole thing reminded us of our days
29
Conclusions
was certainly a handy thing to have around. The RAM-Disk demonstra
ted considerable potential. Unfortun ately, the RAM-Disk was more po tential than performance. The Com pressor utility did its job well enough, but we wonder if C-128 BASIC pro grammers really need such a thing.
Hack-Pack utilizes the color blind
with a Vk kilobyte VIC 20. The os
ness copy protection method: the disk
tensible purpose of this exercise is to
itself is not copy protected, but to
conserve space.
lines will be impossible to edit. The
gain access to the Hack-Pack utilities you will have to correctly identify three color swatches out of a 26 by
resulting program will also be impos
40 four color grid. This procedure is
sible to comprehend. BASIC pro
implemented every time you boot up.
grammers tend toward spaghetti code even without this sort of encourage
Keep a straight edge handy, as the
Of course the resulting program
ment. If you do go in for Compres sor, be sure to retain your copy of the original program. Furthermore, in view of the C-128's large program ming space, we wonder who would really find a use for this sort of thing.
We suppose that anyone who keeps a VIC 20 alongside their C-128 would find this utility a real boon. Compressor is simple enough to use. Simply copy the intended vic tim to a disk with some blank space and rum Compressor loose on it. When done you will find the original intact along with the compressed ver sion. We succeeded in turning a 72 line program into a mere 11 lines in a matter of moments. Compressor is a two-pass process. As it functions, the program's original line numbers are displayed. This lets you monitor
the program's progress. When done, Compressor displays the vital before and after statistics, which lets you see how well it did. Compressor will function with the
external disk drive or with the RAMDisk. The latter is recommended for
two reasons. First, compressing in RAM-Disk is much faster than on floppy disk. Second, it seems that Compressor docs not work with all
READER SERVICE INDEX pBKe
grid is rather small, the dots are not terribly large, and it is difficult to line up the dots near the center of the ar ray. This program comes with our of ficial bifocal wearer alert. Distributed by Metacomco, E. 5353 Scans Valley Drive, Scotts Val ley, CA 95066 (phone: in CA 800GET-META; rest of US 800-AKAMETA). —Morton Kevelson
POCKET WRITER 2 Digital Solutions, Inc. Commodore 64/128
Disk; $59.95 Digital Solutions' original word processor for die Commodore 64 was called Paperback Writer, but another
software company already had a claim to the title. The program was consequently renamed Pocket Writer. Their new product Pocket Writer 2 contains versions of the word proces sor for both the Commodore 64 and 128. Two C-64 versions are on the disk, one 40- and one 80-column. The 80-column version sacrifices a few features to give the 80-column screen. The C-128 version will only run in 80-column mode, so you'll need the appropriate monitor. The users manual contains instruc tions for both versions, with the 128-
C-4
Company
S\c No.
Al>acus Software, Inc.
Ill
Access Software Inc.
298
47
Aclfvision
106
27
AboR
102
62
American Inti Computer Products
148
SO
HaudviUe
136
32-33
Berkeley Soflmirk;.
112
11
Bethesda Soft works
161
51
Business Opportunity Publishers
118
71
119
87
Business Opportunity Publishers Business Opportunity Publishers
91
Business Opportunity Publishers
121
8
Commodore Buslneu Muchlnet
157
8
Commodore Biulneu Machines
158
8
Commodore Builnevi Machines
159
10
Commodore Business Machine.
160
47
Central Point Software, Inc.
108
23
Cheatsheet Products Inc.
127
11 57,59
COMAL Users Group USA Ud. COMAL Users Group USA Ud. CompuServe
141
68
Computer Friend*
143
3S
Computer Mart
115
54
Data Kasl USA, Inc.
138
Digital Solutions
109
Electric DreanWAclivisJon
107
13
C-2 48
120
-
—
41
Electronic Arts
131
69
Electronic One
144
82 49
Emerald Component Int'l
130
Free Spirit Software, Inc.
135
44
<;umcstar
133
7S
IlesWare
146
31
Home & Personal Computers
140
13
INCA
149
66
Inkwell Systems
142
36
Jason-Ranheim
123
30
Kelek
114
34
KFS Software, Inc.
151
42-43
Lyco Computer
W
14
Muster Software
152
40
M( l-jriiiiii i
129
15
Microcomputer Services
139
64
Mil r.ifVii-1 Simulation Software
44
Mlndscape
7S
Ohio Computer Services, Inc.
145
Precision Peripherals & Software
300
Professional Handicapping Systems
155
Pro-Tech-TronlCi
104
9 SO 4-6
116
132
16-19
Prolecto Enterprises
105
12
Quantum Link
122
83
Hucoveryl
7
-
HJ. Brachman AffOtifllef, Inc.
ISO
HI
Skyles Electric Works
in
39
Software Discounters uf America
103
22
Solutions Unlimited
110
25
SAS Wholesalers. Inc.
113
44
SubLOGIC
134
14
Superior Micro System*. Inc.
154
28
TC Electronics
128
91
TecTVans
124
63 114
Tensoft
125
Tlmcworks
156
C-3
Tlmeworks
299
48
Unlimited Software Inc.
153
27
Urine-Soil
101
85
Wedgwood Rental
126
70
Xetec, Inc.
147
ID
Ahoy.' Disk Magazine
12
AJtigi.'/QuMtiunMnk Ofler
70
Ahoy! Binders
-
73
Ahoy! Back Issues
—
7)
Ahoy! Access Club Ahoy! Subscription
84
_
122
-
-
The publisher cannot assume responsibility for errors in the above lining.
AHOY!
67
MAC INKER
specific information highlighted in
MAC INKER'", Automatic
boxes with blue background coloring.
foreign characters and correspond ence, or letter quality can be accessed
Ribbon Re-inker. Re-ink any fabric cartridge or spool for less than 5 cents. Over 70,000 in the field and
The documentation is minimal. Ac
with a little work on the part of the
cording to Digital Solutions, this is
user.
because of the extensive online help
The mail merge function is the equal of most that I've seen. Disk commands parallel those of other
we support
,
ALL printers. Universal
Cartridge or Universal Spool MAC INKER We have cartridges re-inkable in 10 colors. Ask for your printer type or for complete listing.
Bottle ink $3,00/each.
shippingss.oo
PROTEUS'", the 'Siamese' Buffer.
functions and the program's ease of use. I could see areas where hardcopy help would have been nice. Also, they should have turned their spelling checker on the manual after writing it, as it contains a number of errors
commercial programs. Pocket Writer 2 does offer both ASCII and PETASCII and program or sequential file
disk saves and loads. This makes it
that it might have caught.
easier to transfer files to and from
Pocket Writer 2 has all the com monly expected word processing
other word processors or via modem.
Another of the more unusual fea
functions: insert mode, headers, foot
tures is the ability to read in GEOS
ers, variable margins and line spac
files. Documents held as text scraps
software, Saves time, space and
ing, justification, right alignment,
money. Or ask
forced page breaks, and alternate
in GEOS can be entered by pressing two keys. The C-128 version includes some enhancements thai take advan
It is a Data Switch with buffer on
both ports. Switch manually or via
about our MAC MASTER line of Universal Buffers and
pitch.
Cursor movement is logical. Arrow
Printer Controllers (serial or parallel up to 1 MEG), PROTEUS 64 K-199.00
256 K-299.00 Shipping $4.00 Of course we have Data Switches,
serial/parallel, 2 way, 4 way, crossed
tage of the C-128's larger memory ca
keys are used to move by character.
pacity. It works with either the 1350
Arrows in combination with the con trol key move longer distances. In the
or 1351 mouse and the two RAM ex pansion modules. I couldn't test the
C-64 version, this sometimes means
RAM access, as I don't have an ex
pressing three keys simultaneously,
pansion module on hand. You could
etc., at most competitive prices (all
which can be troublesome to some
use a joystick in place of the mouse
lines switched).
typists.
CABLES priced $10-25. We carry
word, sentence, or paragraph. When you hit the key combination for de
in the 128 version. A pull-down menu at the top of the screen offers six sub-menus: files, format, edit, find, print, and spell.
lete you get a prompt asking which
The files menu controls disk access
kind of delete. You then have to press
chores. Spell, find, and print arc self-
the appropriate key to delete a char
explanatory. Edit handles copy, move,
acter, word, sentence, or paragraph.
delete, and clear commands. Format
If word or sentence is chosen, the re
contains most of the commands that
moved text can be restored in the
arc left.
same place or moved to a new loca
The C-128 version can also address two documents at the same time, so
Deleting is done by character, cables for all common computers and peripherals. Rapid turn-around on custom orders.
MERCURY MODEM. Really 100%
Hayes* Compatible. 300/1200 baud, speaker, full status light display and 2 years warranty. Includes
QUICK LINK, easiest and most reliable i Comms Soft
ware (available for IBM PC or
Macintosh) S149.00 Shipping $4.00. "Hayes is a tcadetnaikoE Hayes Miempioducis.
MAC THE RIPPER. Our newest, original and welcome pi in tor companion, Pulls off
paper perform ions and tears the sheets â&#x2013; apart. Takes liulo Hpace and will pny for itself almost immediately in saved time and tedium. Ask for brochure. Introductory
tion. This is a quick way to copy or move a word or a sentence. I found this a bit clumsy to use because of
you can compare files and move sec
the follow-up question. Maybe I'm too stuck on issuing a more specific command and getting immediale exe
easily. You can also assign a second disk drive as the data drive and not have to cnicr device numbers each
cution. You may find their way easier.
time you access the drive.
The range functions (delete, copy,
tions of text between documents more
Pocket Writer also comes with a spelling checker, but no dictionary
Price $299.00. Shipping S10.00.
clear, and move) were useless. When I tried them the computer locked up
Order Toll Free.
as I marked the beginning of the
the $14.95 dictionary from Digital So
Call or write for free brochure.
range. I could do nothing but tum the
lutions. The spelling checker is built
computer off.
into the C-128 version, but is a separ ate program for the C-64. Each un recognized word is flashed at you and you can either add the word to the
1-800-547-3303
In Oregon 503-626-2291 (24 hour line) We are and always will bo your
Friends
ter
14250 N.W. Science Park Drive
Portland. Oiouon 97229 Telex 4949559 Deo]or Inquiries welcome. Rinidur Service Np. HJ
68
AHOY!
The printer list is substantial and covers most of the popular printers used with the Commodores. Only a couple of interfaces are mentioned in
for it. You can create your own or buy
dictionary, change the spelling, or
underline, boldface, italic, and sub-
skip the word. Changing the spelling requires typing in the new spelling for
and superscripts if the printer sup
ihe word. It's not too bad as Com
ports these features. Alternate pitch.
modore spelling checkers go.
the manual. The program supports
REVIEWS I was disappointed (as I always am)
spelling
sic writing programs.) Entry in BASIC also permits more extensive manipulation of sequence repeats, tempo modulation, and other features not readily accessible with tradition al music composition software. The downside is fairly obvious: Euphony may well hold more appeal for musically inclined programmers than for computer-owning musicians. Although the BASIC programming techniques are pretty elementary,
checker dictionary. If bought as a
many note-slingers will be put off by
module in the $99.95 three-in-one
such a seemingly nonmusical method
pack (including Pocket Planner 2
of composition.
to find that Pocket miter 2 is copy protected. The company does offer a backup disk for an additional $13, though. For those C-64 users who plan to upgrade to the C-128, this might be the best deal around. It costs noth ing to acquire the C-128 version. At
$59.95, I think it is appropriately priced, though I would be happier if that
price
included
the
board. Euphony does have lots of impres sive features, however, which belie
its humble, homemade appearance. There are 16 durations and rests, in cluding four triplets, 32nds, dotted 16ths, dotted whole notes, and ties. Up to 32 variables can be used to de fine any segment of music, and vari
ables can be nested to a depth of sev en levels. This system specializes in
providing the user with complete ac cess to all parts of the composition. Its attention to detail is such that each
Euphony is not especially big on
note can be selected as either legato or staccato, and changes can be im
base) it's a real deal. Of course, the
the visual gingerbread which makes
plemented at any point, as often as
integration
and
most mainstream music programs so
the user likes.
spreadsheet is only a factor if you have the other two programs. Digital Solutions, Inc., 2-30 Wertheim Court, Unit 2, Richmond Hill,
attractive, either. The main menu
spreadsheet and Pocket Filer 2 data with
a
database
Speed, Change Voices, Directory,
The program also offers the stan dard C-64 music features: three voic es, nine instruments (with synthesiz er for constructing more), instant
Ontario, Canada L4B 1B9 (phone:
Change Key, and Return to Basic)
transposition, and continuous control
416-731-8775).
and the entry
over time, key, and tempo, as well as
- Cheryl Peterson
screen consists of eight commands (Play, Load, Repeat/Play All, Change
scrolling
EUPHONY Precision Peripherals & Software Commodore 64 Disk; $39.95 Music programs for the C-64 are
hardly a novelty. The 64's vaunted SID chip allows the computer to pro duce a wide range of audio effects of a much higher quality than other 8bit systems, making it especially pop ular among binary Beethovens. Euphony, however, is more serious
minded than most such music pro grams. Unlike software such as The Music Construction Set (Electronic Aits), in which the user composes short pieces by clicking on and drag ging a preselected note, rest, key sig nature, etc. to the appropriate posi tion on the staff, music writing on the
Euphony program is done exclusive ly in programming terms, by entering data into text files. This method, as the extensive documentation points out, has both advantages and draw backs. On the plus side, files are much more concise and the program
line.
The
musical
staff and a color-coded
volume, for fashioning crescendos,
(each of the three available voices is
decrescendos, and sforzandos. An other nice feature is the fact that Eu phony doesn't make the user wait for
assigned its own hue, for easy track ing and playback), 5L^-octave key
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can handle extended compositions. (Program creator Jim Raymond says
Euphony can store 50 minutes or more of music in a single gulp, a con siderable improvement over the two and three minute range of other mu
.iw
NO fwui ChfCJU
.
>■■'■» «mui»wii tnxrz iSetiTtiMlS'. ~ iDnian Mioanwu hoc "AtCltl "O HCT1A4 MTICUT A ■ UAHVurr
WCODi
00 ACTUAL fMBIOHT CHATWD O« »**H*UW«W
on 01 ■mi rcm Fm cataloo
CALL ELECTRONIC ONE (G11J 86' ■9994 OR WRITE Raider Service No. 144
AHOY!
69
Keep Your Collection Looking Shipshape with
long loads, since everything is en
tered into the C-64 in RAM at the same time. For those users not interested in
As selections play back, the appro priate notes are highlighted both on
the staff and on the color-coded key board, giving Euphony an education al dimension; there is something en
y\h,
composing original music. Euphony offers an extensive library of prere corded classics and popular favorites
score play out, note by note. The way
Binders
(though Euphony is definitely orien
in which the individual sounds inter
ted toward classical music). Selec
Don'i be caught at
tions include Prokofiev's "Peter and
weave and overlap to create a new texture is not only instructional, it is
the Wolf," Debussy's "Golliwog's Cake Walk," Mozart's 11th, 16th, and
quite fascinating. Euphony is a real working class
19ih Sonatas, Bach's "Brandenburg
program; it isn't pretty, but it does a
Concerto #3," and Tarrega's "Recuer-
lot more work than most of the gla
sea the next time you need
valuable
pro
gramming informa tion from a back is-
sue otAhoy! Our official binders iurn a year's worth tif Ahoy! into a textbook on Commodore computing! These qualityconstructed binders use metal rods to hold each maga/inc individually, allow ing easy reference to any issue without
lightening about "seeing" a musical
dos de la Alhambra," with "Rock of
mour software working the same side
Ages," "Amazing Grace," and a hand
of the street. What you see is what
ful of Christmas carols for non-long-
you get with Euphony. Its greatest
hairs. These pieces can be simply
strength (all music is entered in BASIC, allowing greater flexibility
played back, or used as the basis for experimentation. By altering the speed, instruments, and key, familiar orchestrations can be modified and
and duration) is also its greatest weakness (all music is entered in BASIC, which is, quite frankly, a
even refashioned (try mixing Bach
drag, unless the user intends to spend
and rock by altering the playback
considerable time learning the pro
45 West 34th Street-Suite- 407
speed on the "Brandenburg Concer
gramming system or is already famil
New York, NY 10001
to"; or replay Ludwig Von's melodic
iar with the language).
[Outride Continental US idd S2.J0 pet birwler Al
"Waldstein" at dirge tempo for an ex
removal. Sporting a navy blue easing
with a gold Ahoy! logo imprinted on the spine, these hinders will be the pride of your computer bookshelf. To order, send S12.45 (US funds) for each binder desired to: Ahoy! Binders
to* 4 io 6 weala for delivery1.)
perience in audio surrealism).
Euphony also supports most major printers (Epson FX, MX, Star Micronics Gemini 10, 15, and "possibly
others," according to the docs) to pro duce hard copy of your musical no tation. It is also possible to compose
a piece of music and give it to friends for playback. The system whereby this is possible essentially removes
copy protection from this program; Precision Peripherals & Software take a tremendous leap of faith and request
that users only copy music they them selves have written.
A powerful word processing system Tor Ihe Commodore in Includes1 ■
On jcrwnr* Untiti^nl^ iliftuljiy * <■> Funi-i rnflilv to us a
■ Foil arlitnrJaouior Included ■ From the minor ol Commodore (2B
FONTMASrei' II comll
Poro'fln LinrjuaQfl Dilh
FONTMASTER
128, In lahincod
union lor llii
This powerful word proceuor, wllh 111 miny dirieiinl prim ilyloi jlonti}, (urni your dol
matrix printer into i morfl powerful lool. Tarm plperi, newslttlers and loralgn Itngujgei .ill1 Juil I few of III
r ji> nu: .■■ .11
Here ara -.r-i.i- or 111 ;i ili.ii'i:
As to the quality of the sound it self, it is not going to blow the doors off veteran C-64 music mavens. Most
now with no copi pnoticno'j - uses hardware kev Word Processing Fsatures
of the compositions are difficult ones, however, designed to show off Eu phony's powerful music writing capa H I » *-f l»r. jgjjn
Word Processing Printing Failures
Snlup Moduli
Fonl It Chinet«( Ssl Criilon
bilities, and in this sense they are
quite impressive. It is not unlikely, however, that talented users will be able to produce work of equal or su perior quality after a few weeks on this system.
Htanatl it on
Nans Ol«t
Inoll.h
Italic
Manufactured by TCO Software, P.O. Box 81504, Fairbanks, AK 99708 (phone: 907-479^898). Distributed by Precision Peripher
als & Software. P.O. Box 20395, Port land, OR 97220 (phone: 503-254-
7855). inoia BtuO
•
Slim.. K5 (7101
Ro.dtr Sirvlct No. 1*7
-BUI Kunkel
Why Are We Giving Away \bur Choice of Today's Popular Top Hit Tapes and Records ... each for only a
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• Super Discount Coupons Arc Guaranteed Redeemable One-By-One Or As Many As You Like At A Time. • No Need To Use Up Your Coupons All At Once, If You Don't Want To - Coupons Are Redeemable Until May 12, 1988. • A Printed Chart Accompanies Kach Coupons Booklet 1 .istinjj 11 u iwhviK Of The Nation's Hits In All Categories Of Music.
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riPSANOYI Compiled by Michael R. Davila W»'d Ilk* to kaap Tip! Ahoyt tka Cowmodora commun ity'* n*mb«r on* lorwm far ifcort, helpful pro gram-
in Ing rowlinvs and hardwar* hint*, to that and, we Invlto you to forward yowr boat offorta toi
•50 F0RT=lT089:P0KEDEC("1300")+T,PEEK(DEC
("FBE4")+T):NKXTT
•60 P0KE840,DEC("00"):P0KE841,DEC("13"):R EM CHANGE TABLE POINTERS
•70 P0KEDEC("1300")+62,209:REM FIX!
Tlpa AfcoyI ejb A hoyI Magaxlna
•80 SLOW:END
Ion lotoraatlaaal Int. 49 Wait 34th Mreot-ffwltc 407
PASSWORD
Haw York, NT 10001
Do you have BASIC programs that you would like to
Payment la Made upon acceptance.
protect from prying eyes? Do you own a C-128? Are you
CENTERING 40 COLUMNS
reading this line? If you answer yes to all of the above
IN 80 COLUMN MODE Commodore 128 owners know that their 64 programs written in BASIC 2.0 will run without a hitch in the 128's 40-column moidc. In 80 column mode, however, the dis play is unbalanced, with all characters printed to the left half of the screen. The WINDOW command of BASIC 7.0 could correct this easily, but would make the pro
questions, do I have a utility for you. Password! Pass-
gram unusable on a Commodore 64.
procedure I prefer is outlined below.
won! will protect your programs by taking a code that
you select of up to 160 characters and scrambling the pro gram so the only way to use it is to unscramble it using the same code. Now, in order for someone to use your program, they must know the password! There are many ways to utilize this program, but the
The following line is invisible to the 64 and 40-col
First, run PASSWORD.CRE so it can create an ML
umn 128. When using 80 columns, it will give you a per
file on disk using the name "PASSWORD.ML". Next,
fectly centered display.
-Ed Horgan Coatesville, PA
BLOAD"PASSWORD.ML" and then load the program to be protected. Enter SYS 5555,0 and type a password (code) of up to 160 characters for the program. This pass
10 IF PEEK(231)=79 THEN POKE 230,21
:
PO
word is used to scramble the program. Be patient: it may
KE 231,60
take a couple of seconds. When the cursor reappears,
C-128 BUG FIX
LIST the program. As you can see. only the first line is visible. Don't let this fool you-lhe program has been
We will know about the ominous CAPS-LOCK 'q' bug
scrambled. Now save your protected program. Any time
in the C-128. Or do we? In any case, it definitely man
you load the protected program from disk you must un-
aged to slip by Commodore. Try it. First switch to low
protect it. To unprotect the program BLOAD"PASS-
er/upper case mode (so as to better see the probiem) by modore logo key. Next depress the CAPS-LOCK key and hit the 'Q' key. If you see a lowercase 'q' instead of an uppercase 'Q' then your C-128 suffers from die CAPS-
WORD.ML". SYS 5555,1, and provide the same password you used to scramble the program. Again, in a matter of seconds your program is unprotected. What I do, since the first line is not scrambled, is save a copy of PASSWORD.ML on every disk that I have protected programs
LOCK 'q' syndrome.
on, and before scrambling each program I make the fol
holding down the SHIFT key while depressing the Com
If you find that you can't live without the real CAPS-
lowing line the first line of each program:
LOCK 'Q' and definitely want your 128 cured of this af fliction, the following short routine may save the day for
0 BLOAD"PASSWORD.ML":SYS 5555,1
you. Type it in and save it before you run it, as it erases itself after being run. It also steals 89 bytes of RAM mem
Now. a sample RUNTilename" loads the protected pro
ory starting at memory location $1300 (HEX). Once run, the CAPS-LOCK *q7 correction will survive about any thing except a cold reset (via the side reset button) and, of course, turning off the computer. -Jim Partin Cincinnati, OH
gram and the program to unprotect it. The BASIC pro
•10 REM FIX FOR CAPS-LOCK +
'Q'
BUG ON Cl
28
■20 REM BY JIM PARTIN (8/19/86) •30 REM COPY CAPS-LOCK DEF. TABLE INTO RA
M
A Syntax Error will likely be displayed with this pro gram when called from direct mode. Nevertheless, you can be sure that the program has done its job. -Shawn K. Smith Bronx, NY
•100 REM* PASSWORD.CRE FOR BASIC PROGS. •110 REM* (A) SHAWN K. SMITH PRODUCTION •120 DATA 48,A2,OO,8E,OO,FF,2O,7D,FF,5O
•40 FAST 72
gram will continue to run after it has been unprotected.
AHOY!
■130 DATA 41,53,53,57,4F,52,44,3F,20,00
ISSUE #18-JUNE "85 $4.00
ISSUE-#29-MAY "86 $440
Shool! The 6510 Simulator!
And ready to enter: Bigprim! Star Search! Failsafe! English Dans! Ski Rally! Free RAM Check! Alchemist's Apprentice!
ISSUE #19-JULY '85 $4.00
ISSUE m -JUNE *86$440
Music & graphics entry systems! Huw modems work! Inside the 6510! And ready to enter: Quad-print! Mapping 4.4! Towers of Hanoi' Speedy! Duck
PROM programming! 3-part harmon
ics on V1C64! Speeding pi*c!s! And ready to- cnler: Auto-Append! Script Analysis! Wizard of Im! Lucky Lot tery! Brainframe! Etch! Prinuit!
Jse the coupon below to complete your collection Ahoy!, and catch up on all the programs and articles you've missed in the past three years! Issues 1 and 4 are sold out, and 2 .-
arid 3 are down to a handfiil.. .so order before
ISSUE #I0-OCr. '84 $4.00
graphics! Joystick programming! And
Sprite programming! And ready to en ter: Fastnew! Go-Lzster! File Lock! Dragon Type! Superhero! Auto-Gen! Money's Porch! Fish Math'
erating Syslem! BAM Read Si Print! Emerald Elephant' U*n Job!
ISSUE #2-FEB. "84
ISSUE M-NOV. '84 $4.00
Music Maker Pan II! Screen Manip ulation! Night Attack! Relative Files!
Music programs &. keyboards for Ihc M! Graphics feature continues! And ready to enter; FTE word processor! Block Editor! Alternate Character Set for the 64! The Tunnel of Tomachon!
ISSUE 03-MAR. WSIOOO
ISSUE #12-DEC W $4.00
ko interviewed! And ready to enter:
Buyer's guide to printers! 152S printer
Anatomy of the 64! Printer interlac ware series begins! And ready to en ter: Address Book! Space Lanes! Ran dom Files on the 64! Dynamic ftwer!
tutorial! Custom characters! User Guide to KMMM Pascal! Diving into BASIC! And ready lu enter; Construc tion Co.! Space Patrol! Cross Rcf
ISSUE 05-MAY *84
ISSUE #13-JAN. *85 $440
ing for VIC & 64! Educational soft
$4.00
Future of Commodore! Inside BASIC
VIC/64 OS exposed! Sprites! 1541 de vice U disconnect .switch! Ghoslbuslcrs!
slorage! Memory management on Ihc VIC & 64! Guide lo spreadsheets! And ready lo enter: Math Master! Air Assaull! Biorhythms! VIC Calculator!
And ready to enter: i.lii.i Mail! Music Tutor! Alice in Adventureland! Mid-
print! To the Top! Tape/Disk Transfer!
ISSUE rV6-JUNE *84 $4.00
Game programming column begins! Program generators! Rupert on input
ISSUE 014-FEB. *85
64 & VIC! Alpincr! Sound Concept!
ISSUE #7- JULY *84
$4.00
MSD dual disk drive! Database buyer's guide! Training your cursor! Screen
displays! File Sleuth! Users Groups! And ready lo enler; Renumbering! Checklist!
Math
Defender!
ISSUE #8-AUG. "84
Brisk!
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Choosing a word processor! Compu
tational wizardry! Creating your own word games! Sound on ihe 64! And ready to enter; Micrw-Mindcr! Direc tory Assistance! The Terrible Twin.1.!
ISSUE W-SEPT. *84 $440 Program your own text adventure! Build a C-64 cassette interlace! Vid
eo RAM! And ready to enter: Salvage
Diver! DOS! Sound Explorer! The Castle "\ Darkness! Base Conversions!
Modems! Bulletin boards! Theory of
more complete Information on any of tho back Issues listed,
call Ahajfo Bulletin Bosnf Ser-
vice a. 71*383-8909.
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Create cartoon characters! Infinitesimal in trigue! Inside copy protection! And ready
to enter: Shotgun! Maestro! Solitaire! Mystery at Mycroft Mews! Gravinauis! 1541 Cleaning Utility! ShadeyDump!
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Assembly language column begins! Programming the joystick! 1541 disk drive alternatives! And ready to enter: Hop Around! Faster 64! Booter! Elccheck! BASIC Trace! Space Hunt!
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Disk drive enhancements! Install a re set switch! Assembler escapades! And ready lo enter Super Dupcr! Two-Col
umn Directory! DSKDU! Raid! DOS Plus! Flint Editor! Tile Time!
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ISSUE 032-AUG TO $4.00 Inside the Amiga, pan Q! Approaching infinity! C-W war simulations! Fiscal for beginners! And ready to enter: Revcrsi! Highlight! Disk Calaloger! Me
teor Run! Trim! Step On It! Rap!
ISSUE #33-SEP. *86 $4.00
Windows and viewports! Sound & mu sic on the 64! COMAL! And ready to enter: The Last Ninja1 SpcechM! Multi RAM! Dogcatcher! Trapped! Match-
blocks! variable Manager! Dual Dump
ISSUE #34-OCT. -86 $4.00
(ion! The year's 25 best entertainments!
ling! PROMAL! Habitat! And ready to enter: Teleportcr! 128 RAM Check! Discs of Daedalus! Guardian! Tenpins! Synlax Patrol! Deluxe List! Long Lines!
And ready lo enter: Gypsy Starship! Di rectory Manipulator! Cloik! Gameloader! Jewel Quest! Lineoul! Sana's Busy Day!
Terror! Quick Change! Penguins! Attack
C-128 shadow registers! Data Tile hand
ISSUE «5-JAN. *86 $4.00
ISSUE #36-DEC "86 $440
sports games! And ready to enler; The
ters! Football games! And ready to en ter: The Artist! Minotaur Maze! Mouse
fiaraid! Alarm Clock! Memory Check!
and Lords! Speedway! The Editor!
Build a speech synthesizer! Survey of
Windows! Build an auto-exec cartridge! Align your 1541! Survey of flight simula
tors! Structured programming! And ready
to enler: Arena! Head to Head! Crabfight! Treasure Wheel! Character Dump!
ISSUE 027-MAR. *86$440
File manipulation! C-128 shadow regis
in the House! Lazy Source Code! Rebels
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Basic magic! Best games of '86! DOS
for beginners! And ready to enter: Vortn! Hanger 14! BASIC Ahoy! Cata combs! Lister! Dark Fortress! PermaLinc! Starfighter! Bugoui! Screens!
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Programming educational games! Memory dumpers! Choosing a copy program! Cuslom characters! And ready to enter Ahoy! Term 128! Trivia Game Maker! Brickbusters! Easy Lister! Programmer's Aid!
Amiga RAM expanders! And ready to cnlcr: Windcw Magic! Ciunchman! User Conventions! The Adventurer! More BASIC 128! Jailbreak! Turtle Rescue!
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Comet catching! Survey of action and strategy games! Screen dumping! And icady lo enw: Chrono-ttfalge! Mr. Myse!
Air Rescue! Nofcmakcr! Screen Window! JCALC! Hidden Civem! Sucop!
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rorce! Disk Checkup! Dvorak Keyboard! Mountaineer Mack1 128 Autoboot!
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Bug Repellem! File Seoul! Slither!
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side ihe Plus/4! Commodore DOS! And ready to enter: Old Routine! Pro grammable Functions! Automatic Line
Grt A Match? Star Strike! Queen's and Bislwp'sTours! Shaker! Trackdown!
Uuild a digital oscilloscope! ML speed techniques! And ready til cuter: Vault of
Martian Monsters! Streamer Font! Microsim! The Haunted Castle! Knockout! In-
Making multiscreen gameboards! In
Debugging dilemmas! Public domain soft ware! Winning at Ultima! Computer Aided Design! And ready to enter: LazyBASIC!
Adventure gaming! ML sprite manipula tion! BASIC for beginners! And ready lo enter: Lightning Loader! Knight's Tour!
game design! And ready to enter: Futurewar! Fontasia! VIC Eraser! Insur ance Agent! Flankspccd! Tclelink 64!
lisa coupon or facsimile, if orrJerlng more than three issues, list choices on separate sheet. II you luve a modern and want
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the magazines you want disappear from stock. Illustrated lour of the 1541! Artificial intelligence! Synapse's Ihor Wulosen-
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Inside the 128! Read-world simula tions! Sound effects! And ready to en ter: Windows! Formaltcr! Sounil-a&tma! Screen Dump! Sclcctnchrome! Disintegrator! Fidgils! Gainrs N Snakes!
128 graphic bit map! Epy* straiegy guide! 128 commands! ML music programming!
Hacking into machine language utilities!
Basic esthetics! Survey of video digitiz ers! Multiplayer games! And ready lo en ter: C-frl Compressor! Wizard Tag! Turbopoke! Rescue 128! [igbtt Out! Pinball
Arcade! Stow Amiy! Caverns of Geehonk
Enclosed Please Find My Check Money Order for :$,',,. ; (Outside the USA please add $1.00 for every copy)
■140 DATA 20,93,4F,AD,00,02,F0,31,A0,00 •150 DATA B1,2D,85,C2,85,C4,C8,B1,2D,85 •160 DATA C3,85,C5,A9,00,AA,A8,C8,B9,FF •170 DATA 01,F0,F6,41,C2,81,C2,E6,C2,D0
ROM BUC The Commodore 1571 has a bug in ROM. It's more
•220 T=T+V: POKED, V:N'EXT:T=T-11567
annoying than destroying. If a disk is HEADERED in the double sided mode, and has less than 664 sectors allocated, then validated in the single sided mode (64 mode)...guess what? You come out with a single sided disk. The validation process rewrites a byte on the disk when in single sided mode. If you have programs past sector 664 they will survive, since an illegal track and
• 230 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT:P0KE243,9
sector error will occur, stopping the validation procedure.
-250 INPUT"PRESS RETURN TO SAVE F:[LE";Y$
sided disk? Not me. So here is a cure. What this pro gram does is change the double-single sided status flag at track 18, sector 0, byte 3 on the disk. Warning! Use only on disks that have been HEADER-
•180 DATA 02,E6,C3,A5,C2,CD,10,12,D0,E9 •190 DATA A5,C3,CD,ll,12,D0,E2,A0,00,68 •200 DATA 91,C4,C8,91,C4,4C,4F,4F,EA
•210 S=5555:FORD=STOS+88;READY$:V=DEC(Y$)
•240 IFITHENPRINT"?ERROR -CHECK DATA":END •260 BSAVE"PASSWORD.ML",B0,P (S)TOP (D) •270 PRINTDS$:END: SAVE IT, NOW!
THE MISSING DOS COMMAND The DOS commands on the C-128 arc a very welcome addition to Commodore BASIC. One very helpful com mand was overlooked: a command that would let you view a sequential file. If you are looking at BBS docu
Yet who wants to rccopy 70 or so programs to a double
ED as double sided. If you run this program by mistake
on a single sided drive (1541) it will have no effect, since a single sided drive ignores this byte. Be extremely care
ful when typing in this program; one mistake can trash a disk! Try it on a test disk first...please. -Barri Olson
ment files or are writing a program, this command will
Madison, WI
be very useful.
•10 REM 1571 DOUBLESIDED SAVER - AFTER VA
READtflfn,"filename1^,U device #]
LIDATE IN 64 MODE
•20 0PEN15,8,15:0PEN5,8,5,"#":PRINT#15,"U You can use the NO-SCROLL key to pause the listing, any key to restart, and the RETURN key lo abort the listing.
This command can be used in a program to display instructions or in immediate mode to look at help screens
l";5;0;18;0:PRINT#15,"B-P";5;3 •30 PRINT#5,CHR$(128);:REM SET TO 0 FOR S INGE SIDED- 128 FOR DOUBLE SIDED ***
•40 PRINT#15,"U2";5;0;18;0:PRINT#15,"I0:" :CLOSE5:CLOSE15
for programming. H will not erase any memory, so you don"t lose your basic program. After running this program you have a file on disk
BACK TO BASICS Taking a BASIC program and saving it as a sequential
You can use BOOT"READ#
text file has many advantages. Many word processors have
.COM" or SYS 4864 to start it and SYS 4957 to stop
features such as SEARCH/REPLACE and FIND, just
it. The RUN STOP/RESTORE combo doesn't disable it. Add this command to your autoboot start-up routine and
to name two, that can be used on a BASIC program if
it will be there when you need it.
-Don Harkness
tial text file is usually very easy with WP programs which
Andovcr. KS
offer bidirectional scrolling. Still another benefit is the ability to have many small routines (utilities/programs) saved as sequential text files and merging them into one BASIC program. Changing a BASIC program already in memory to a text file requires only two entries:
called -READ#.C0M'.
■100 REM C-128 READI.BAS -110 REM BASIC LOADER FOR READ#.COH •120 FOR X=4864 TO 4968:READ A:P0KE X,A:N
EXT X
-130 BSAVE"READ#.C0M",B0,P4864 TO P4969 •140 NEW
•200 DATA
169,11,141,0,3,169,19,141,1,3,9
saved as a sequential file. Furthermore, editing a sequen
1) 0PEN8,8,8,"filename,S,W":CMD8:LIST 2) PRINT#8:CL0SE8
6,224,11,208,23,201,35,208
•210 DATA 19,165,61,233,1,133,38,165,62,2 33,0,L33,39,32,192,3,201,135
(Note: Some WP programs save text files as PRG and not SEQ. If you have one of these WP programs, change
-220 DATA 240,3,76,63,77,32,29,161,165,18
the S to P.)
4,141,104,19,32,183,255,41,64 ■230 DATA 208,28,173,104,19,170,32,198,25 5,32,228,255,176,16,32,210,255,32
•240 DATA 204,255,32,228,255,201,13,240,3 ,76,49,19,173,104,19,32,195,255
•250 DATA 76,144,175,169,63,141,0,3,169,7 7,141,1,3,96,0 74
AHOY!
The program below will translate a text file back to BASIC. This program can easily merge text files with any BASIC program in memory. As listed, the program
will work with the VIC and 64. But, by changing the value of B (842 for C-128) and K (208 for C-128), it should work on other Commodore computers that have the dynamic keyboard feature (PET,+4,16). Run the pro-
gram (RUN 6) and enter the name of the text file. As
the text file is being merged, the lines will appear on the screen. When the program is finished, a SYNTAX ERROR might be displayed, which is natural. After all the routines you want lo add have been merged, remem ber to delete Back to BASIC -Shawn K. Smith Bronx, NY
• 60000 INPUT"FILENAME";A$:0PEN8,8,8,A$ ■60050 GET#8,A$,A$:REM ID.
BACK TO BASIC
■60100 B=631:K=198:P0KE152,l:PRINT"[CLEAR ][3"[D0WN]"]" •60125
F0RD=lT00STEP-ST:GET#8,A$:PRINTA$;
•60200 IF A$=CHR$(13) THEN 60400
■60300 NEXT:CLOSES:END ■ 60400 F0RD=0T06:POKED+B,13:NEXT:POKEK,D •60500
PRINT"[4"[D0WN]"]G0TO6O10O[HOME]":
END FRIE.HELP For those of you who hate dishing out S30 for a manual
(which you can't understand anyway), here is a real moneysaver. Believe it or not, there is a CP/M manual on your
CP/M disk already. To get it, type in the following for your appropriate drive and follow the prompts. If you
don't have a 1571 you will have to put up with a few pag es of garbage at the beginning, but otherwise it is the same as the manual you get if you have a 1571. The rea son for this is that the Help.HLP file is 83K, Help.DAT is 82K, and Help.COM is 7K which is over the 170K
Ghost
WETTER A Word Processor
-ti-kal\
You know, like ediblejunk mail.
limit Of the 1541. When using the 1571 method, you have
• RUNS IN C128 "&ST" MODE
to have a disk just formatted in 128 double-sided mode. To get a nicer printout with either drive set your printer to skip-over-perfs.
• 30,000+ WORD SPELLING-CHECKER
1541 Disk Drive (with the CP/M disk in drive A) A> pip lst:=help.hlp 1571 Disk Drive (with the CP/M disk in drive A) A> pip e:=a:help* (E: is the newly formatted disk) A> help [extract|
A> pip lst:=help.dat 1571 and Another 1571 or 1541 Drive (with the CP/M
disk in drive A: and the newly formatted disk in drive B:) A> pip b:=a:help* A> help [extract] A> pip lst:=help.dat — Paul Reeves Hamilton. ONT
SILVER SCREEN
• 80-COLUMN WINDOW
• AUTO-EMJINAnON/OPTIONAL AUTO PAGE NUMBERING • MERGE C64 FILES FROM MOST WORD PROCESSORS AND PRODUCtTVrrY PROGRAMS
• MAIL MERGE USING FILES FROM OTHER DATA BASES. • FORMATS TEXT AUTOMATICALLY AS YOU TYPE • EASY COPY-MOVE-DELETE COMMANDS.
\9-ford-3-bal\
loosely 'defined' as less than your weekly gmcery bill.
39.95 Ask your Local Dealer...
or mil us - \fc love yourface.
Here's a special effect which creates the illusion of an old-time movie reel on your computer screen. This special effect is especially suitable for setting the mood for an arcade game or slide show set in the "silver screen" era.
This effect will run in conjunction with BASIC programs and machine code programs that don't alter the IRQ inter rupt vector.
HesV&re • 415-871-0570
390 Swift Ave. #14 • So. San Francisco, Ca. 94080
After saving a copy of Silver Screen, run it. The load er will check for errors in the data and then POKE the Udder Service No Ufi
AHOYt
75
machine language data into memory. (Memory locations 679-740, to be exact.) When you wish the effect to begin,
•1110 DATA
simply enter:
•1120 DATA
185,
38,
SYS 679
54,
The RUN STOP/RESTORE keys will stop the effect.
Silver Screen is an excellent example of how short, un
complicated machine code rouiines can be used to pain
lessly spice up BASIC programs.
-Bob Ash Poteau, OK
54,
169,
2,
173,
54,
240
20,
3
3
201,
141, 3, 11,
21, 201, 144,
120,
169,
3, 88, 96, 1,
240,
21,
2
16,
169, 0,
•1150 DATA 24, 144, 13, 169, 0, 141, 32, 208, 24, 144 •1160 DATA 5, 169, 15, 141, 32, 208, 76, 49,
•1000 REM
10,
■1140 DATA 141,
20,
3
■1130 DATA 201,
169, 0, 141, 54, 3,
141,
234,
141
•1170 DATA
52
■1010 REM * SILVER SCREEN, BY BOB ASH * ■ \ I IVII
PPM
■1030
:
-¥• -fa ']* -<fi -i' ■{' ^i- -fc *F ^ t *•£ -fc W *fc -fc *!' ^ ^ sic s!' ?J: it A ;£: A sj; ;[c ^e
SPC COMMAND UNLEASHID
■1040 REM ** CHECK FOR DATA ENTRY ERROR *
If you've done much programming at all on your 64, I am sure you have longed for a command that would print a given number of blank (or reverse) spaces instant
■1050 S=O:FOR I=679T0740:READ MC:S=S+MC:N
ly on the screen, to create attractive bar graphs, or blank
EXT ■1060 IF S <>
parts of the screen, or fill boxes with reverse spaces.
5744 THEN PRINT "ERROR IN D
ATA":END ■1070 REM ** POKE MC INTO MEMORY ** ■1080 RESTORE
erates a number of cursor rights on the screen, leaving
■1090 FOR 11=679 TO 740:
Well, a little gimmick using the Kernal ROM allevi ates this problem, and adds a new and very useful com
,MC:
NEXT:
the characters it crosses untouched.
READ MC: POKE II
POKE53281,11
mand to BASIC. All you have to do is open a channel to the screen as
-1100 END
if it were an output device! Using this method, any SPC
E- 64
command will generate an appropriate number of CHR$
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On most computers, the SPC command does exactly this. However, on Commodore computers, this only gen
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(32)'S, in either REVERSE-ON or REVERSE-OFF. If you use this command in combination with POS(O), you can compute and print "clear to end of logical line" commands like the C-128's ESC code, or clear parts of the screen and leave the rest intact. It is superior to the
Kernal ROM's much-touted clear line routine in that it can be used to clear only a portion of the line it is on.
The short little program below demonstrates use of this
command to make attractive, graphically interesting bar graphs almost instantaneously, rather than using FORNEXT loops. Note that a REVERSE-ON character must
be printed at the beginning of each bar, and a CHR$(13) to move it to the beginning of the next line.
Make sure that your program closes the channel prop erly as shown when you want to return to normal screen output. —Cleveland M. Blakemore Richmond, VA
• 10 P0KE53281,.:POKE53280,.:PRINTCHR$(147 )TAB(10)"EASY BAR GRAPHS!"
L.li '.HI. /.,i
EiD"B"on (tote .
Cul out anj ma<l loflay 10
SOFTWARE OF-THE-MOH'H CLUB Ohio Computer Sarvicoi, Inc, P.O. Boi 1217S3 Clncinnill. 0Mb J5J12
•20 OPEN1,3:CMD1 ■30 FORG=1TO18
•40 X=RND(1)*38+1:C=RND(1)*14+1 ■50 P0KE646.C
•60 PRINTCHR$(145)CHR$(18)SPC(X)CHR$(13) •70 NEXT
•80 PRINTiH,"" ■tender Scrvlcn No. mj-
76
AHOY!
•90 CL0SE1.1
Turtle Graphics, COMAL, and Logo By Richard Herring Take a small step. Turn right a liltlc. Repeal
formation into sets. COMAL. like BASIC, uses arrays.
those commands over and over. You have just taken the first step (oops, sorry) in exploring
A list is often considered more flexible than an array be cause a list has no fixed size and can contain words, num
turtle graphics. This column will take you an
bers, or even other lists as elements.
other step.
Turtle geometry differs from other types of geometry
Aside from its AI-like lists, the most obvious and in triguing feature of Logo is turtle graphics, a feature con
in that it is dynamic, or process-oriented. A circle in Car
veniently available to all you COMAL programmers.
tesian geometry is a set of points that makes an equa
With your indulgence, we will spend the next couple of
tion come true. A circle in turtle geometry is defined
months exploring with turtles and, in the process, learn
by thinking about what the turtle must do to move along
something about COMAL graphics.
the circle.
Turtle graphics are deceivingly simple. The turtle ap-
Back in 1982, a friend gave me a version of the micro computer language Logo. He knew I was interested in the educational uses of micros as well as in artificial in
telligence. Logo provided a perfect environment to explore those interests. It was micJ-1983 when I finally emerged from my Logo experience. Logo was captivating. It seemed to exist just to make exploring with the computer easy. Logo, which
COMAL Is required to run the pro gram Included with this article. Ver sion O.I a, which will rwn the program wnon im inoKaiwi â&#x2013; HranHuiHm are
made, can be found on this month's Ahoy! Disk (see page 60),
is Greek for "word" or "thought," was developed by Sey mour Papert, an educator at MIT who had closely studied the child development theories of Jean Piaget. Papert had realized that computer languages in the 60s
pears as a triangle on the screen. He has a line from his middle to one cornerâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;his head. The turtle does two
and 70s were designed to be simple for computers, not
things: he moves and he draws. To move him you com
easy for humans. The fact that early BASICs had a few primitive commands did not make learning to program easy. It meant that you had to write your own routines for many of the commands that we take for granted today. Programming languages were designed to use as little RAM and as few clock cycles as possible.
mand FORWARD(x), LEFT(y), or RIGHT(y), where
x is the size of his step and y is the number of degrees to turn. Typing FORWARD(20) and LEFT(144) five times will draw a star.
If you want the star to be a particular color, you give
emerged, Logo found six strengths. First, programs arc
the turtle the PENCOLOR(#) command, where ff is any of the Commodore color codes from 0 through 15. The PENUP command tells the turtle not to draw as he moves. PENDOWN will tell him to start leaving a trail again. Let's do a short 45 line program that will show how
written in small blocks of code or procedures, as with
to set up a turtle graphics screen, give you some idea
COMAL and Pascal, rather th;in in one huge chunk. Sec
of the variables to control, and produce some spectac
To avoid those worries, Logo was developed on the most sophisticated computers available and modeled after
the AI language LISP (for LISt Processing). As it
ond,
programming
is
interactive.
Like
BASIC
or
COMAL, as soon as you type a command, the computer obeys it. Interactive languages usually make program ming easier, although completed programs may run fast er in non-interactive languages. Third, Logo, like COMAL, is recursive. A procedure can be used as a subprocedure of itself. Recursion is par ticularly important for describing complicated mathema
ular results. We will use line numbers even though COMAL doesn't require thorn, so the program is easy to follow.
The program is just three procedures: 10 quest ions 20 setup 30 drawit
tical problems in simple versions of themselves. Fourth, Logo is extensible, allowing user-defined procedures to
The "questions" procedure asks you for 7 numbers. You
be used like primitive commands. Fifth, Logo variables
specify the distance you want the turtle to go (line) and
do not have to be declared as string or numeric. Sixth,
the number of degrees he should turn at the end of that distance (angle). You also have Ihe option to increase the
Logo has list processing to group individual bits of in
AHOY!
77
Special Program Notes 1) In the "setup" procedure, line 270 sets the graph
ics screen to 0 for the standard high resolution bit map mode. The other possible value is 1 for the multicolor bit map mode. The standard mode gives
you a screen of 320 horizontal dots by 200 vertical dots, while the multicolor mode only gives you 160 by 200 dots.
But high resolution has a disadvantage if you use the option to have your graphics created in several colors. The standard (hi-res) mode allows only two colors in each 8 by 8 dot section. If a line with a third color crosses through one of those sections, the third color will fill the whole 8 by 8 section.
If you want colorful graphics to be sharper, you may actually like the low resolution (multicolor) mode better. It allows up to four colors in each 8 by 8 dot section of the bit mapped screen. 2) Also in line 270, for version 0.14 users, the "setgraphic 0" command will show two text lines on the top of the screen. If you don't want them, you'll have to add a "fullscreen" command at line
275. 3) Lines 270 and 290 prove some of the additional power of version 2.0. In version 0.14 you must set turtlesize before giving the "setgraphic" command or "setgraphic" will kick the turtle back to his max imum size of 10. Version 2.0 doesn't care what or der these two commands come in. Also note (hat the command "hideturtle" is equivalent to turtle-
distance or angle by a specified increment (lineinc or angleinc) during each loop through the "drawit" procedure. You set the screen color (backcolor) and tell the turtle how many different color pens to use (numcolor).
Finally, the questions procedure asks you for the vari able "repeat." If you choose to give a non-zero value for "repeat", you will want to use the default values of 0 for line increase and angle increase. "Repeat" increases the length of each line Hie turtle draws by the original length. This incremental change occurs the number of times you specify in "repeat", then the line length is reset to the
original value. "Repeat" merely scratches the surface of the kinds of recursive patterns you can design. 40 PROC question
50 60
PACE // 0.UbPRINT C!IK$(M7) PRINT "Starting lino length: 40",
65 70 80
// 0.14 must delete 'at #,#,**: "": ' INPUT at 0,23,5: "": line PRINT "Starting angle size: 144",
90
INPUT at 0,22,5:
"": angle
100
PRINT "Increase each line by: 0",
110 120 130
INPUT at 0,24,5: "": lineinc PRINT "Increase each angle by: 0", INPUT at 0,25,5: "": angleinc
AHOY!
ceding "print" statements. How and why this works, I'll save for a whole column on getting user inputs.
5) Line 440 is where the procedure "drawit" calls itself. A language is procedural if one procedure can do part of its work by calling another procedure. That language becomes recursive if the procedure can be a subprocedure of itself. Among modern procedural languages, only FORTRAN allows pro cedures but not recursion. The procedure "drawit" uses tail recursion, where the recursive use of "drawit" is the last thing done in the procedure. Tail recursion, typically, can be done just as easily iteratively. Iteration means simply telling the com puter to execute something repeatedly. BASIC'S FOR/NEXT command is a good example. Itera tion is often preferred over recursion because, in
many implementations of computer languages, it is faster and uses less memory. The interpreter in some newer languages recognizes tail recursion and treats it like iteration. Recursion, since it can refer to itself, can also
refer to itself referring to itself. In human terms this is as complex and fascinating as when you think about thinking. This kind of self-reference finds its roots in the history of philosophy. Remember the
Greek paradox about the liar from Crete. If all Cre tans lie, but our Cretan says Tm lying," isn't he real ly telling the truth?
size(0),
78
4) In lines 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 170, and 190, we use version 2.0's fancy "input at" command to posi tion Ihe cursor over the default answers in the pre
140
PRINT "Background color (0-15):
150
INPUT at 0,26,2:
160
PRINT "How many colors (0-15):
180 190
PRINT "Repeat: (0-10,complex): 0", INPUT at 0,24,2: "": repeat
170
200
"":
6",
backcolor
INPUT at 0,25,2: ""; numcolor
1",
i-:NDPROC questions
The second procedure sets up the turtle graphics screen.
The "use turtle" command tells the cartridge version of COMAL thai turtle instructions are on the way. In version 0.14, it is not necessary to initialize certain command sets with "use", but 0.14 also has far less memory available for your program. Next we clear the turtle's screen and set the screen color. "Home" tells the turtle to move to the center of the screen facing up, though on a new screen like this, that's where he will start anyway. Next we se
lect the high resolution graphics screen to give your ar tistic creations the best possible resolution. The "wrap" command connects the bottom of the screen to the top and the left side to the right side to make a
two-dimensional giobc. If the turtle runs off the top of the screen, you won't have to imagine what his graphics would look like on the wall. Instead, he will reappear
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on the bottom of the screen. "T\irtlesize(#)" specifies how big the turtle (triangle) should be. Our setting of 0 makes the turtle invisible so we won't see him redrawing sim
ple graphics. And finally, we set the initial values for the pen color and the "count" variable used by "repeat". 210 PROC setup 220 USE turtle // 0,14 omit
230 240 250
clearserson // 0.14=CLEAR
border(backcolor) // 0.14 omit () back)>rmin<l(bfickcolor) // 0.14 omit
()
260
home
270 280
graphicscreen(O) // O.U=SETGRAPHIC 0 wrap // 0.14 orait
290 300
turtlesize(O) // 0.14=omit ()
330 PROC drawit
340 350 360
forwardCline^count) right(angle) count=count+l
370
IF count>repeat THEN count=l
380 390
line:=line+lineinc angle:=angle+angleinc
400
pencolor(pclr)
410 420
IF pclr<=numcolor THEN pclr:=pclr+l IF pclr>numcolor THEN pclr:=l
430
IF pclr=.backcolor TKKN pclr:=pclr+l
440 drawit
450 ENDPROC drawit Just to get you started, try some of these sets as inputs
to the turtle;
pclr:=l
310 count:=l 320 ENDPROC setup
The last procedure, "drawit", does all the real work by calling itself over and over. Note the last command in
[1,88,1,0,6,1,0] (1,180,0.1,9,6,1,0] [20,2,0,20,6,1,0] (18,40,0,30,6,1,0]
[12,88,0,0,6,1,5] [10,144,0,0,6,1,8]
[10,225,0,0,6,1,10]
the procedure (line 440) puts "drawit" in an endless re cursive loop. Lines 400-430 just change the color of the
If you're interested in the educational aspects of com
turtle's pen as many times as you specified and check
puters, and turtles in particular, you might want to check
that the pen color is not the same as the background
out Papert's book Mindstorms, Children, Computers, and
screen color. At lines 340-390, the turtle moves forward
Powerful Ideas. Or if you want to know just how com
and turns according to the values you gave.
plex a critter that little turtle can be, try the book Turtle Geometry: The Computer as a Medium for Exploring Mathematics by Abelson & diSessa.
PROFESSIONAL HANDICAPPING SYSTEMS
Next month well explore more concepts of turtle graph ics. We'll also look at some non-turtle COMAL com mands that will let us develop a simple joystick drawing program that, through the addition of procedures you can
add. might take you to the land of microworlds. D
'fji
Tirmi: Frio ihppng *n ÂťIT*jrÂť '
/
M0 (600 COO ( HOC UP5 Blue I ISM pfl-iflrai
I
RlKllI Strvlca No. 1tS
80
AHOY!
The result of inputting 10,245,0,0,6,1,6 into the COMAL turtle graphics program provided on these pages.
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EXTENDED BACKGROUND MODE For the C-128
By R. Harold Droid Among
the features of Commodore's 40-col-
umn graphics (VIC) chip is a text mode
colors can be displayed on the screen at any one time. The syntax is
called extended background color mode. Not supported by any of the I28's BASIC
EXTC0Lcltc2,c3,c4
7.0 commands, this mode lets you put different back ground colors behind individual characters. Now you can add those commands yourself and put this "bonus" mode to work in your own programs. Type in the program. Remember to save it before you
where cl-c4 are standard C-128 40-column color codes (numbers I-16). Color cl is the screen background. The system has default values built in if you don't specify otherwise with this command.
run it, as a hedge against disaster. Running the program
EXT switches between the four colors. The syntax is
POKEs some code into an unused part of memory and enables the new keywords. You can use this program as a subroutine within your own program, or just experi ment with it in direct mode for now. If you do the latter,
you can type NEW after running to clear BASIC pro gram memory. The commands stay in the machine until you use the reset button or turn off the computer. Here are the new commands: EXTON turns extended background text mode on. Standard C-128 graphic modes are disabled: the GRAPH
EXTn where n is a number from 1-4 that corresponds to col ors cl-c4. It defaults to color cl. Once you've chosen a color with EXT, ai! subsequent PRINT statements print in that background color until you change it with another EXT command. Extended background text mode trades a reduced char
acter sei for an increase in background color choices.
IC command has no effect while the new mode is active.
The normal character set consists of the following sub
EXTOFF turns extended background text mode off and
sets of screen codes: screen codes 0-63 are unshifted char
returns to standard text mode (GRAPHICO).
EXTCOL selects colors. Four different background
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acters; 64-127 are shifted characters; 128-195, unshifted, reversed characters; 196-255, shifted, reversed charac
ters. Only the first 64 characters can be displayed in ex tended background color mode. This limits you to num bers, punctuation marks, and unshifted alphabetic char acters. Note that the alphabet can be either upper- or low ercase, depending on which character set has been se lected with the COMMODORE/SHIFT key combination. The three higher subsets of screen codes, instead of displaying shifted or reversed characters, now display the three additional background colors. While you're in ex tended background mode, entering shifted alphabetic or reversed characters from the keyboard may not give you the characters or the colors you would expect. Use the EXT command and limit your PRINT strings to the al lowed characters and you've got an easy, predictable way
FSD-1 5 V4 "Disk Drive
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RVS OFF alone. Some of the effects of extended background color mode are quite novel, like a red cursor printing out white char
have a little fun, to gain insight into how the printing routines turn ASCII into screen codes, or to drive your Emerald Component Initirnational DL'fil. STNE
self crazy. Remember, this mode is recognized by the
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Eugene, OB 97401 Tel. 503-683-1154
trying to do some serious editing, use EXTOFF to pre
H.mJcr Service No. 13D
AHOY!
work normally within your PRINT statements. But ex cept for purely experimental reasons, leave RVS ON and
around with this in direct mode can be a great way to
• Built especially lot C-64 users
82
color changes, CLR and HOME, and cursor movement
acters, or program listings in multiple colors. Playing
■ Heauy duly consl ruction
To Order call toll free 1-800-356-5178
to put extended background mode to work for you in your programs. Standard control characters, such as foreground
serve the normal environment-iind your sanity. D SEE PROGRAM LISTING ON PAGE 105
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LIST FORMATTER For the C-128 By Shawn K. Smith ist Formatter is a utility designed for the Com-
However, with list Formatter the listing becomes
modore 128 which greatly increases the reada-
bility of BASIC programs. As the owner of a C-128, you are probably aware that the BASIC
200 G0SUB500
:D0
editor has an input buffer which allows you to enter
:READY
BASIC lines of up to 160 characters in length. This is
:
a big improvement over the C-64's capacity of 80 char
:ELSE PRINT#8,CHR$(Y)+":";
acters per line. The larger buffer means that we can en
:L00P
ter twice as much information on a single line. And, since packing multiple commands on one line can actually in crease the speed of BASIC program execution, program mers are taking full advantage of the input buffer. Un fortunately, however, this quest for increased speed has
:REM STORE DATA TO DISK! This format is ideal for examining programs, or as a fi
produced a predicament. Many programmers find them
turn off List Formatter and relist the line. Removing the
selves asking, "Should I throw readability out the win
REM from the beginning of line 350 in the BASIC loader
IF Y<0THEN EXIT
nal draft of your program. But do not attempt to edit a
line in this format. If you must edit a line, temporarily
dow and settle for the increased speed?" My answer is
will turn the f5 function key into an on/off switch for
simple. NO! Use List Formatter and get the best of both worlds. List Formatter is a short machine language program in the form of a BASIC loader. There are no special in structions for typing in the program. Enter it as you would any BASIC program, but pay close attention to the DATA statements which conlain the ML code. After you've typed in the program, save a copy. When you run it, the ML is POKEd into a safe area of RAM which is determined by the value of the variables. If you wish, you can have the program relocated by changing the value of S in line 110 before you run it. Next, the program is activated, the SYS to turn it on/off is displayed, and the loader is erased from memory.
List Formatter.
Now that List Formatter has been patched into the IQPLOP vector (306-307), which is responsible for listing BASIC text, we are able to control the way BASIC lines are listed. (It should be noted that the LIST command has not been changed, only the format of the listing.) Since the only way to place multiple statemenLs on a line
is to use a colon, List Formatter first checks for colons. When a colon is encountered, the program makes sure
that the colon is not within quotes. If this turns out to be true, a carriage return and a calculated number of spac es are printed to produce a uniform output. Likewise, in keeping with readability, all REMs are displayed in reverse video! As an example, consider listing the fol
lowing BASIC line:
I hope this program proves to be as beneficial for you as it has for me. â&#x2013;Ą SEE PROGRAM LISTING ON PAGE 113
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85
MMCDARIECJ
JVI M?CGRAMMING Q-IAIJJENGIES By Dale Rupert
acfa month, we'll present several challenges de signed to stimulate your synapses and toggle the bits in your cerebral random access memory. We invite you to send your solutions to:
Commodores, c/o Ahoy!
program responds with the size of each interior angle,
the sum of its interior angles, the area of the polygon,
the radius of an inscribed circle, and the radius of a cir cumscribed circle, assuming each side of the polygon has a length of one meter.
P.O. Box 723
Bethel, CT 06801
We will prim and discuss the cleverest, simplest, short est, most interesiing and/or most unusual solutions. Be sure to identify the name and number of the problems you are solving. Also show sample runs if possible. Be sure to tell what makes your solutions unique or inter esting, if they are. Programs on diskette (1541 format only) are welcome,
but they must be accompanied by listings. You must en close a stamped, self-addressed envelope if you want any of your materials returned. Solutions received by the mid
PROBLEM #40-4: INTEGER FUNCTIONS Create user-defined functions FNF(X) and FNC(X) which determine the floor function and the ceiling func
tion of any input value X. The floor function of X is de fined as the greatest integer less than or equal to X. The ceiling function of X is the least integer greater than or equal to X. For example if X is 3.5, FNF(X) is 3, while
FNC(X) is 4. If X is -3.5, FNF(X) is -4, and FNC(X) is â&#x20AC;&#x201D;3. Let's see some solutions from you first-timers.
dle of the month shown on the magazine cover arc most likely to be discussed, but you may send solutions and comments any time. Your original programming prob
lems, suggestions, and ideas are equally welcome. The best ones will become Commodares\
This month we will look at the most interesting solu
tions to Commodores from the December 1986 issue. One tip and a suggestion first. If you send a disk (1541 format only), be sure to pack it between pieces of cardboard or put it in a special disk mailer. Also mark the outside of the package "Please Do Not Bend."
PROBLEM #40-1: SMALL STRAIGHT This problem was submitted by Steven Sleekier (Co
lumbia, MD). In his Yahtzee game program, Steven ran domly tosses five dice and then tests for a small straight. For this program, small straight means that at least four of the five dice can be arranged to be in numerical order. For example, a toss of 61534 represents a small straight since there is a "3456" sequence among them. Also 53542 contains "2345", 41342 contains "1234", and 51234 con
tains both "1234" and "2345." How easily can you simu late the throw of five dice and identify those throws which contain one or more small straights?
The reason for this warning is that my mailbox often fills to overflowing, and sometimes the larger envelopes are folded to fit in. The envelopes properly labeled are usually left Hal. and the disks in them tend to work much
better than those with a crease down the middle. Remem ber to send packaging and return postage if you want any materials returned. (With prices of disks below $1 these days, the return postage is usually more than the disk. It's your option.) Now for the tip. If a damaged disk does not rotate free ly in its jacket (such as those I receive with creases), it is still possible to salvage the data on it. Carefully open the jacket at one end and slip the disk out (touch the edg es, not the writing surfaces). Remove the inner disk from
PROBLEM #40-31 SHORT SORT Chris Raimondi (Kingsville, MD) needs a program in which the user enters six numbers and the computer prints them out in numerical order. Disregarding the input state ment, can you program the sorting routine in just one
line? If not, .send your shortest routine anyway.
another diskette which has a good jacket and replace it with the disk from the damaged jacket (be sure it is right side up}. Now you can read and copy the files from the damaged disk. One final note. Amazingly enough, some disk drives which are not spring-loaded allow the inner disk itself
to be inserted and read even without its jacket. (This is not a recommended procedure, of course, but it works.) The spring-loaded drives such as the 1541 and most other
PROBLEM #40-3: POLYGON PLAY Nolan Whitaker (Jeffersonville, KY) suggested this geo
half-height drives require the strength of the jacket to cock the spring before the disk can be inserted, however.
metrical challenge. The user enters the number of sides of a regular convex polygon (3 is an equilateral triangle,
Enough for disk trivia.
4 is a square, 5 is a regular pentagon, and so on). The
was the challenge from Problem §36-1: Fancy Factorials
86
AHOY!
Determining the 2,568 digits of 1000 factorial (1000!)
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suggested by Jim Spccrs (Niles, MI). Several readers met the challenge. N factorial is the product of all integers
The next solution from Rob Schultz (Fremont, CA) in lines 200 through 230 is not exact. It keeps track of
from 1 up to and including N. 5! is 5*4*3*2*1 or 120
the mantissa (M) and the exponent (E) of the answer sep-
(not 720 as given in the original example). As David
arately. After each multiplication, factors of len arc rc-
Hoffncr (Brooklyn, NY) pointed out, the challenge was
moved from the product in line 220 and added to the
not so much the calculation, but where to fit the digits
exponent. That way the product slays small and exact up
in the computer. David used Iwo arrays to store the digits. The following program is a collection of several solutions to the problem.
to nine digits. This program is faster than the exact one, but it still takes a while since N multiplications must be performed. Type RUN 200 to use this program. The third program is from Charles Kluepfcl (Bloom-
=
COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-1
•3 REM • 90 REM
sbjb.
:
FANCY FACTORIALS SOLUTION BY MATT SHAPIRO
•100 H=100000:E=.0000001:1=0: J=0:K=l:C=0:
P=0:N=0:DIMF(3000):F(l)=l:INPUT"N";N
fjg]^ Njj
It js jess accurate than mc previous two, but
it is much fas[er It uses a series approximation for the
factorial function. Use this program to get values quick ly even beyond 90.000! (That's a bip number by the way.)
Tvpe RUN 300 for this program.
The fourth program nas the advantage of being very
short and fast, but it handles the smallest range of inte-
•110 FOR 1=1 TO N:FOR J=l TO K:P=I*F(J)+C
gers(N must be less than 34). This program uses Stirling's
■12J IF C IHfiN K=K+1 : F(K)=C : C=0
factorials. Unfortunately in our computer, large factor-
:C=INT(P/H+E) :F(J)=P-H*C:NEXT
formula which is primarily used for approximating large
•130 NEXT:PRINT MID$(STR$(N) ,2)"!="MID$(S TR$(F(K;) ,2); ■ U0 IFK>1THENFORJ=K-1TO1STEP-1:PRINTRIGH
ials cause an overflow error. If you need a short function and an approximate value for small factorials, the formulas in lines 420 and 430 give lower and upper limits
>15rj ENn
than 34 for this program.
T$("[4"O"]"+MID$(STR$(F(J)),2),5); :NEXT
. 190 REM
•200 •210 •220 ■230
SOLUTION BY ROB SCHULTZ
INPUT "N";N : M-l FOR J=l TO N : M=M*J IF M>=10 THEN M=M/10 :E=E+l:G0T0 220 NEXT : PRINT M "E+" E
' 24° END •290 REM
SOLUTION BY CHARLES KLUEPFEL—
•300 INPUT "N";N : PRINT N"[LEFT]! = "; •310 LN=L0G(N)*(N+.5)-N+LOG(2*[PI])/2+l/( 12*N)-l/(360*N*N*N)
•320 LN=LN+1/(126O*N*N*N*N*N)-1/(168O*N*N
N N " ")
■330 IF N<12 THEN PRINT INT(EXP(LN)+.5) :
on Ihe resu]t. -^pc RUN 4&) and cnter a nuFmbcr lcss Thanks also to Mario Segal (Mexico City, Mexico),
CarlStolberg (TraverseCity, MI), Wm. G. James (Dunchurch, ONT), Clifford Dedmore (North Bend, OR), and Jack Baldrige (Boulder, CO). Jack sent COMAL and BASIC solutions with some timing analysis. His times
to calculate 100! for BASIC, COMAL 0.14, COMAL 2.0,
and compiled BASIC using the same algorithm were 78
seconds, 63 seconds, 35 seconds, and 24 seconds respectiveiy. jack said he wrote the program originally in COMAL 2.0 because of its structured logic and ease of
modification.
There were at least two general approaches (o Problem
#362: Animated Expansion, Tto problem was to show
GOTO 36 J •340 LG=LN/L0G(10) : CH=INT(LG) :MN=LG-CH ■350 PRINT LEFT$(STR$(EXP(MN*L0G(10)))+"[ lO-'O'T, 12-LEN(STR$(CH))) ; "E"MID$(STR$(C H).2)
an input word being expanded on the screen by inserting a specified number of spaces, one by one, between its letters. The one-liner below from Clifford Dedmore (North Bend, OR) performs the task by using the insert character CHR$<148).
•390 REM
-1 REM ==================================
•360 END
STIRLING'S FORMULA
•400 INPUT "SPECIFY N LESS THAN 34";N
•410 NF=SQR(2*[PI]*N)*(N/EXP(l))[UPARR0W] N
-2 REM -3 REM
COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-2 : ANIMATED EXPANSION
-4 REM
SOLUTION BY
•420 PRINT N "I >" NF
-5 REM
CLIFFORD DEDMORE
•440 END
-10 INPUTW$,N:PRINT"[CLEAR]"W$"[HOME][RIG
•430 PRINT N "1
<" NF*(1+1/(12*N-1))
The first solution in tines 100 through 140 is from Matt Shapiro (Fort Lee, NJ). It is the only exact solution giv
-6 REM ==================================
HT]";:FORT=1TOLEN(W$):FORK=1TON:PRINTCHR
$(148)" ";:NEXT:PRINT"[RIGHT]";:NEXT
en here. Wait long enough and all 2568 digits of 1000!
Specify the string and the number of spaces )o be put
will eventually be printed. Matt mentioned that the pro
between each letter, then watch it fly.
gram can calculate up to 4640! using the F array of 3000 elements.
(Shawinigan-sud, Quebec) is listed below.
88
AHOY!
Another version of the program from Andre Lcssard
■1
REM
==================================
•1
REM ==================================
■2 REM
COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-2 :
•2 REM
COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-2
•3 REM
ANIMATED EXPANSION
-3 REM
ANIMATED EXPANSION
•4 REM
SOLUTION BY
■4 REM
SOLUTION BY
■5 REM
ANDRE LESSARD
•5 REM
JIM SPEERS
»f\
RVM
-
■—
-;==^=iis==
=== = = =
■10 INPUT"[CLEAR]ENTER A WORD";A$:INPUT"E NTER A NUMBER";A:PRINT"[H0ME][3"[D0WN]'r] "A$ ■20 CR$=CHR$(148):B=1:C=LEN(A$)-1:X=1:Y=C
:Z=1:DEF FNB(A)=B+A+1 •30
:
GOSUB 40
CR$=CHR$(20):B=C+2+C*A:X=C:Y=0:Z=-l:D
EF FNB(A)=B-A-1
:
GOSUB 40
•40 FOR J=X TO Y STEP Z
:
:
GOTO 20
FOR K=l TO A
PRINT"[HOME][3"[DOWN]"]"TAB(B)CR$ ■50 B=FNB(A)
:
NEXT
:
:
: NEXT
Andre's program sets up variables to expand the siring in line 20 and variables to contract the string in line 30.
The subroutine at line 40 performs both operations. This
program also uses the "insert" character CHR$(148) to add spaces to the screen and the "delete" character CHR$ (20) to delete them. A different approach is shown in this program by Bing Perry (Monterey, CA).
•100 FOR 1=1 TO 40:B$=B$+" ":NEXT I
•110 INPUT"[CLEAR][DOWN]ENTER TEXT";W$
•120 INPUT"[DOWN]# OF SPACES";N:PRINT"[CL EAR]" •130 REM N=3 : W$=" QB JO LD TURFUVTAO HI OOMEilZG ECWXPREYS KN S" •140 REM N=l : W$="[6" "][RVSON]M[RVSON]E [RVSON]N[RVSON]U[RVSON]" •150 REM N=7
: W$="l 4 52+5=73 6 9"
HYR
[3"[c T]"]"
•170 K=l
:
NDO
TAU
GOSUB 210
•180 FOR 1=1 TO N:GOSUB 220 : PRINT P1$LE FT$(B$,I)P2$:FORJ=1TO1:NI-XTJ:NEXTI
■190 W$=P1$+LEFT$(B$,N)+P2$:K=LEN(P1$)+N+ 1:GOSUB21O:IF P2$="" THEN END •200 GOTO 180 •210 P1$=LEFT$(W$,K):P2$=MID$(W$,K+1,255) :RETURN
•220 IF DS$="" THEN POKE 780,0:P0KE 781,1
•1 REM
■2 REM
COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-2
•3
ANIMATED EXPANSION
REM
■6 REM ==================================
•160 REM N=7 : W$=" M[4" "]0 H
RETURN
:
:POKB 782,0 : SYS 65520 : RETURN •230 SYS 65520,0,1,0 : RETURN
•4 REM
SOLUTION BY
Remove the REM from the beginning of line 130 and
•5 REM
BING PBRRY
just press RETURN in response to the two prompts. To see the other examples, remove the REMs from lines 140
•6
REM ==================================
•10 INPUT"[CLEAR]ENTER NUMBER OF SPACES"; S
•20 INPUT"ENTER W0RD";A$ : L=LEN(A$) •30 PRINT "[CLEAR]"A$ : GOSUB 100 : FOR K =1 TO L-l
•40 FOR J=l TO S :
A$=LEFT$(A$,(K-1)*(S+1
)+J)+"."+RIGHT$(A$,L-K):PRINT"[HOME]"+A$ •50 GOSUB 100 : NEXT : NEXT •60 FOR K=L-1 TO 1 STEP -1
•70 FOR J=S TO 1 STEP -1 : A$=LEFT$(A$,(K -1)*(S+1)+J)+RIGHT$(A$,L-K) -80 PRINT"[HOME]"+A$+" ":GOSUB 100 :NEXT :NEXT •90 END
•100 FOR T=l TO 20
: NEXT
:
RETURN
Bing's program creates a different string value for each stage of the expansion or compression. The advantage of building strings rather than merely using the screen insert character is that characters other than spaces may now be used for the expansion. Change the "." character in line 40 to any other character and see the results. You
can adjust the speed of operation by changing the 20 in line 100 to any other value. Jim Speers (Niles, MI) sent some interesting applica tions along with his solution listed below.
through 160 one at a time and run each one. Line 220
is for the C-64 to call the PLOT Kernal routine so the cursor always starts at row 1 column 0 (the second and third POKEs are the row and column numbers). Line 230 docs the same thing for the C-I28. Recall that DS$ has special meaning for the C-128 (disk status), but it is just a null string for the C-64. You can adjust the speed
Call Ahoy'.'s Bulletin Board System
If you have a modem, you can call Ahoyl's Bulle
tin Board System at 718-383-8909 any hour of the day, any day of the week to exchange elec tronic mail with other Commodore users and download files like: Editorial calendar for upcoming issues Corrections to pro
grams/articles
Excerpts from future news sections
Detailed descriptions of back issues
Set your modem for 300/1200 baud, full duplex, no parity, 1 stop bit, and 8-bit word length. (Mul tiuser access to the Ahoy! BBS is available on the
PlayNET Bulletin Board System.)
AHOY!
89
with the values in the J loop in line 180. Jim's examples
•1 REM ==================================
work with a 40-column screen.
•2 REM
COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-3 :
•3 REM •4 REM •5 REM
LIFE TIMES SOLUTION BY CLIFFORD DEDMORE
Solutions to this problem and others came from these readers: Curt D'Onofrio (Shelton, CT), Sol Katz (Lakewood, CO), Sixto Santos, Jerry Torres (Daggett, CA), Ivan Rudyk (Burlington, ONT), Brian Carr (Hermitage,
TN), Stephane Edwardson (La Tuque, QUE), Karen Middaugh (San Diego, CA), Steve Schowiak (Giessen, W. Germany), David Embry (San Diego, CA), and Ed Hoofnagle (Cove, OR). Problem #36-3: Life Times suggested by Bill Okerblom (Providence, RI) convinced quite a few readers that you don't have to be a super-powered programming expert
to solve Commodares (although it may help in some cas es). The user enters his age. The program then displays the dates of the previous 100 lifetimes of the user. The idea here is to show historical times from a different per
■6 REM =-================================
• 10 T$(1)="BC":INPUTY,A:FORK=1TO1OO:Y=Y-A :PRINTK,ABS(Y)-(Y<1);T$(-(Y<1)):NEXT The expression (Y<1) has a value of -1 (true) if Y is less than 1 and a value of 0 (false) otherwise. For A.D. years, (Y<1) is zero. T$(0) is the null string. For B.C. years, (Y<1) is -I. Consequently the B.C, years are properly corrected, and T$(l) which is "BC" is printed.
Congratulations to these readers for solutions to this
•2 REM
COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-3 :
•3 REM •4 REM
LIFE TIMES SOLUTION BY
problem: Carlos Centeno (Lares, PR), L. W. Brenneman (Erie, PA), Stephen Rasmussen (Nacogdoches, TX), Ben Medich (Weehawken, NJ), Jorge Milke (Mexico City, Mexico), Jonathan Davis-let's hear it for Kid Pow er! (Henderson, KY), Karen Middaugh (San Diego, CA), James Bauer (Portland, OR), Mario Segal (Mexico City, Mexico), Ronald Weiner (Levittown, PA), Jim Speers (Niles, MI), and Paul Sobolik (Pittsburgh, PA). Problem §36-4: Crossed Ladders brought out the best of the geometricians, trigonometricians, and numerical analysts. There arc two ladders leaning against buildings
•5 REM
RICK NEEDHAM
on opposite sides of a street, each ladder going from the
spective.
The following solution from Rick Needham (Crotonon-Hudson, NY) easily meets the requirements of the problem. •1
•6
REM ==================================
REM =================================
•10 INPUT "AGE";A: FOR X=l TO 100: Y=1987 -A*X : IF Y<=0 THEN Y=Y*-1+1 : A$="BC" •20 PRINT X,Y;A$: NEXT : END
base of one building to the wall of the other. The lad ders are 20 and 30 feet long and their point of intersec tion is 6 feet above the street. The problem is to find out the width of the street. Several readers mentioned that the problem can be
Enter your age at the prompt. The program then shows the year one lifetime ago. It should be your birth year
solved algebraically, but they wee equally quick to add
(or one year later if you haven't had a birthday yet this
to set up the equations, and let the computer solve them.
year). It also shows the other previous years. Rick's pro gram handles the B.C. years properly (there was no 0 B.C.) with the IF-THEN statement. Lon Olson (Mesa, AZ) used some fancy looping and
Let the width of the street be X and the heights of the two ladders against the buildings be HS and HL for the short and long ladders, respectively. HS and HL can be determined from the Pythagorean Theorem to be:
that solving it is a very hard task. The procedure is then
logic on the C-128 and fit the program into one line as
HS = SQR (20*2 - X"2)
follows:
HL = SQR (3OA2 - X"2)
•1 REM •2 REM
COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-3
•3 REM
LIFE TIMES
•4 REM
SOLUTION BY
•5 REM
LON OLSON
•6
REM ==============================
It can be shown from properties of similar triangles or
with trigonometric relations (and some algebraic manip ulations) that the height of the intersection of the lad _ ,
ders above the street HX is:
•10 INPUT"[CLEAR][D0WN][DOWN]AGE=";A:Y=19
( HS * HL)
87:DO:1=1+1:Y=Y-A:IFI>100THENST0P:ELSEIF
Y<=OTHENEXIT:ELSEPRINTI") "Y:L00P:Y=l+AB S(Y):DOUNTILI>100:PRINTI") "Y"BC":Y=Y+A:
HX =
( HS + HL)
1=1+1:LOOP Now you can write a program which repeatedly incre
By cleverly using a logical variable as an array index, Clifford Dedmore (North Bend, OR) fit his solution into
ments X. For each value of X, the program evaluates
one line also. Enter the current year and your age into
HS, HL, and HX. The value of X for which HX has a value of 6 is the answer. The size of the X increments
this program.
determines the accuracy of your result.
90
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(For mi ii .■■ if Woman) Time ind lime, igiJn — successful spare lime and lull time'' / . ne made with oul-QMhe^or[ltnarv method s. ofl bnal money ma king idea?, prosperous fioine enlerprlsei. olu1 *. im.:, n every day Folks Irum all walluoflllecan stack up g'DDd money. Here's your opportunity logo ah>r IncreQrble wealth (only S635J
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. 11 r
Beginners Start-Up
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Suecau Manuali Order Form
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■■ ■■ : .< 1 > ii ii" in
Circle Ihe manuals you are ordering
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9
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i.ni, s
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lull rrf und Fuiiflrrsur-I Fu II Amo unt Lrc El kned
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WIPf OUT A! I
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book — you cin dap bill caiiectin cald In ihtlr
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4tbl - i"i:i ■ twrewlFrg
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Rt«d«r Slrvlc* No. 191
Cily
sijie
Up
Complete Ihis arder formand mallto:
SUCCESS BUSINESS PUBLISHERS HOW ilhSlieel Oipt. AM-! Winil»n-Salem. H C 27101
I
A more sophisticated program starts with large incre
ments of X until the approximate range of the answer is found. Then the increment is reduced and a smaller range of X values is searched. This process is repeated until Ihe desired accuracy is obtained.
•180 II=(ABS(FX/GX) < 1E-8) •190 NEXT II
The goal is to find a value of X to satisfy the equation HX=6. This function of X is written as F(X)=6-HX
dard methods of numerical analysis for Finding roots of
where now the goal is to solve for F(X)=0. {Yes, this is confusing at first. If F(X)=0, then 6-HX=0, and
equations. The program below from Andy Young (Otta
therefore, HX=6 as desired.)
wa, ONT) uses a method he calls fixed-point iteration.
The procedure is to restate the function of X in the form X=G(X). The simplest form for G(X) is G{X) -
The most elegant approach is to use one of the stan
REM
X — F{X)/K where K is any constant. The iteration in
REM
COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-4
volves evaluating G(X), assigning this value to X, and
REM
CROSSED LADDERS
then evaluating G(X) again. The iteration is repeated un
REM
SOLUTION BY
til X stops changing. At this point, X and G(X) are the
REM
ANDY YOUNG
same, and F(X) is zero as desired.
REM
Andy uses the FOR/NEXT loop at line 100 as a DO
•ID LL=30 : LS=20 : HT=6 : K=2 ■20 X0=l
WHILE loop. On the C-I28 you could replace lines 100 and 190 as follows:
:REM INITIAL VALUE
'30 PRINT "X0, GX, HX" ■100 FOR 11=0 TO -1 STEP -1
•100 DO WHILE 11=0
■110 HS=SQR(LS*LS-XO*XO)
•190 LOOP
■120 HL»SQR(LL*LL-X0*X0)
'130 HX=HS*HL/{HS+HL)
The values of HS, HL, and HX are calculated. Then FX
■140 FX=HT-HX
and GX (representing F(X) and G(X)) are evaluated.
■150 GX-XO-FX/K
Line 170 assigns this new value of GX to X0. Line 180
'160 PRINT X0,GX,HX 170 XO=GX
determines the relative closeness of" FX to 0. If FX is less than IE—8 times GX then II is set to —1, and ihe
Transfer Your Data From IBM-PC/ RS232 to Commodore Computer C64/128 or Vice Versa
FOR-NEXT loop is completed. Otherwise II has the val ue 0, and the loop is repeated. This general procedure can be used to find the zeroes
of any function. Simply replace the definition of FX in line 140. For other equations you may have to pick a dif ferent value of K or a different initial value of X0 to get a proper answer. Changing K to -2 in this program for
example causes convergence to a negative value of X0, a valid solution to the equation hut not to the problem. Andy said that there arc other forms of G(X) which
converge ("home in") on the correct value of X faster than this fixed-point form, but this is the easiest form to de termine and to program. The reader is referred to books on numerical analysis for further discussions. (Newton's method and secant method arc two related topics. New
Brief Description:
ton's method uses the first derivative of F(X) in place of K, for example.) By the way, the answer to the problem is roughly 18.3 feet. Thanks to Troy Shoap and David Brouse (Shippcnsburg, PA) for their explanations and graphical analysis of the problem. They plotted "distance between build
s Baudrate 225 to 57600 selectable * Hardware or XON/XOFF Handshake s EEPROM-NoDil Switches f Selectable Device Address
c64 KByte Buffer Capacity Price: Only $149 (Part-N°:98064) (CA rrvdents add la* U 5%
5 hipping Ha id I my [USA) add *4 on All ofcim
ings vs. height of intersection" for the two ladders. You Iepui
MJhjptt In Availability -"nd prup^aniji1 wilhnul nmup Srnd thpek or mom>y 'Jf
dti]
Wr riFcvmlprfacpidnJ tjhlf* lor mail mdior (oinputp'v and pnntcti
(Boulder, CO), Jim Frost (La Mesa. CA), Tom Zerrusen
(818)235-3121
work on this problem. Thanks for all the diagrams and detailed explanations. Keep those solutions and problems
Fl*«<l*r Service No. 124
AHOY!
Congratulations also to Sarah Jane Butler (Decatur, IN), W.J. McMahon (Agawam, MA), Justin Smallcy
TecTrans-Guertzgen, 6925 Rosemead Blvd., San Gabriel, CA 91775 IBM-PC XT/M jretMdcffljrLwif Inti-crnTiDi-if Nuiinpn Maehm« '(Mdcnurhi »l rnmmodofr Husmrst Machines
92
might enjoy graphing this problem as well.
(Teutopolis, IL), RickSchwamle (Overland, MO), Matt Shapiro (Fort Lee, NJ), and Jim Speers (Niles, MI) for
coming. □
Attention new Ahoy.1 readers! You must read the following information very carefully prior to typing in programs listed in Ahoy.' Certain Commodore characters, commands, and strings of characters and commands will appear in a special format. Follow the instructions and listing guide on this page.
and SHIFT J by |s J].
n the following pages you'll find several pro
Additionally, any character that occurs more than two
grams that you can enter on your Commo dore computer. But before doing so, read this
times in a row will be displayed by a coded listing. For
entire page carefully.
example, [3 "[LEFT]"] would be 3 CuRSoR left com mands in a row, [5 u[s EP]"] would be 5 SHIFTed En glish Pounds, and so on. Multiple blank spaces will be
To insure clear reproductions, Ahoyfs program listings are generated on a daisy wheel printer, incapable of print ing the commands and graphic characters used in Com
noted in similar fashion; e.g., 22 spaces as [22 ""].
modore programs. These are therefore represented by
Sometimes you'll find a program line that's too long
various codes enclosed in brackets [ ]. For example: the SHIFT CLR/HOME command is represented onscreen
for the computer to accept (C-64 lines are a maximum of 80 characters, or 2 screen lines long; VIC 20 lines,
[CLEAR]. The chart below lists all such codes which you'll encounter in our listings, except for one other spe
a maximum of 88 characters, or 4 screen lines). To en ter these lines, refer to the BASIC Command Abbrevia tions Appendix in your User Manual.
by a heart £3
The code we use in our listings is
cial case.
On the next page you'll find our Bug Repellent pro
grams for the C-128 and C-64. The version appropri
The other special case is the COMMODORE and SHIFT characters. On the front of most keys are two sym
ate for your machine will help you proofread our pro
bols. The symbol on the left is obtainedby pressing that
grams after you type them. (Please nole: the Bug Repel lent line codes that follow each program line, in the
key while holding down the COMMODORE key; the symbol on the right, by pressing that key while holding down the SHIFT key. COMMODORE and SHIFT char
whited-out area, should not be typed in. See the instruc tions preceding each program.)
acters are represented in our listings by a lower-case "s"
Also on the following page you will find Flankspeed,
or V followed by the symbol of the key you must hit. COMMODORE J, for example, is represented by [c J],
our ML entry program, and instructions on its use. □
Call Ahoy! at 212-239-0855 with any problems.
When
When
Vhj Sw
l( .1 Irons
[CLEAR]
Sint'ii (lor
[HOME]
! Iipi.u
[UP]
Ciirsiir I'p
f
sum-
SHIHT
[DOWN]
i
[LEFT]
CllTMir Ia'R
[RIGHT]
CiHMir Rljjlil
[SS]
ShtDrd Spucr
SIHFT
[INSERT].
Insrrt
SHIFT
[DEL]
Ihfcb
[RVSON]
Bon<*' ()n
III
||
f !-.■.'11
[RVSOFF]
SHIR'
(VIRI. iviki.
[UPARROW]
1 p Arnnt
[BACKARROW]
Hark \miH
[PI3 [EP]
n
Will Snr
> rti'sw
Mm Set
It Mbiiis
\i.u Tip •
[BLACK]
BhKh
CNTRI.
1
[WHITE]
While
CNTRt.
2
[RED]
Red
C\TRI.
.1
[CYAN]
Cian
(NTHI.
4 s
(I.K/HOMK Cl.K/HOMK 11 kSK t t (KSK ♦ -iHSK*
M IS @ 53 II
[PURPLE]
PUTpfc
CNTK].
—fH.SK*
i
■!
[GREEN]
llM,i
<MKI.
Spmv
i
:
CNTHI.
7
II 11
[BLUE]
Him'
INNTDKI. INM7DKI.
[YELLOW]
Vtim
CMKI.
N
[Fl]
Kurutinn 1"
[F2]
Ku ml Kill 1
[F3j
] iiii.Iki.i .1
[F4]
hllM'lillll -i
t)
S
o I
!
— ' 3T _
S W
'£ -.
: +
S
EF5]
1-ViWSa 5
[F6]
KiiiK'iiiin 6
[F7]
I itiiiumi 7
[F8]
1 HI 1: i 1.1,1 K
H sum
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
ra
■ ■
SHlfT
SHIFT
n
H
Kl
SHUT
II
' n w
AHOY!
93
■
BUO RIPI1XIMT By MICHAIL KLIINIRT and DAVID BARRON Bug Repellent is a checksum program used for proofreading BASIC listings typed in from Ahoy! magazine. Far each program line you enter, Bug Repellent wiil produce a two-letter code that should match the code listed beside that line in the magazine. Type in, save, and run the Bug Repellent. (If you rave a C-64, type in the C-64 version. If you have a C-128, you will need to type in the C-64 version for use with C-64 programs, and the C-128 version for use with C-128 programs.) If you have .typed in Bug Repellent properly, you will gel the message BUG
REPELLENT INSTALLED; otherwise you will get an error message. If you get an error message, double check the Bug Repellent program for ryping mis
takes. Type NEW and nil RETURN. Then lype in and save, or load, the Ahoy! program you wish to chock. Type in SYS 49152 for the C-64 version or SYS 3072 for the C-128 version and hit RETURN (this will begin execution of Bug Repellent). You will see the prompt SCREEN OR PRINTER ? Hit S if you
want the codes listed on the screen, or P if you wont them listed on the printer. To pause the listing depress and hold the SHIFT key. Compare the codes your machine generates to those listed to the right of the corresponding program lines. If you spot a difference, that line contains an
error. Write down the numbers of the lines where the contradictions occur. LIST each line, locate the errors, and correel them.
COMMODORE 64 VERSION -100 FOR X - 49152 TO 49488:READY:S-S+Y
AB
•110 IF Y<0 OR Y>255 THEN 130
EA
■120 POKE X,Y:NEXT:GOT0140
ID
•130 PRINT"[CLEAR][IX)WN]**ERROR**":PRINT"[DOWN
JPLEASE CHECK LINE"PEEK(64)*256+PEEK(63):END ID •140 IF SO44677 THEN PRINT"[CLEAR][DOWN]**ERR OR**":PRINT"[DOWN]PLEASE CHECK DATA LINES 170 -500":END HJ ■150 PRINT"[CLEAR]":POKE5328O,O:POKE53281,6:PO KE646.1
NP
-160 PRINT"[RVS0N][6" "]C-64 BUG REPELLENT INS TAL-L£D[6" "]" LF
■120 PRINT"[CLEAR][DOWN]
C-128 BUG REPELLENT
INSTALLED"
II
•130 PRINT"[4" "]TYPE SYS 3072 TO ACTIVATE" ■ IN ■140 DATA 32,161,12,165,45,133,251,165,46,133,
252,160,0,132,254,32,37 OF ■150 DATA 13,234,177,251,208,3,76,138,12,230,2 51,208,2,230,252,76,43 NC
•160 DATA 12,76,73,78,69,32,35,32,0,169,35,160 ,12,32,80,13,160,0,177
•170 DATA 251,170,230,251,208,2,230,252,177,25 1,32,89,13,169,58,32,98
•180 DATA 13,169,0,133,253,230,254,32,37,13,23 4,165,253,160,0,76,13
OL EF JO
•190 DATA 13,133,253,177,251,208,237,165,253,4
■170 DATA32,161,192,165,43,133,251,165,44,133
DL
■180 DATA252,160,0,132,254,32,37,193,234,177 ■190 DATA251,208,3,76,138,192,230,251,208,2
DB OF
•200 DATA 105,65,32,98,13,165,253,41,15,24,105 ,65,32,98,13,169,13,32 DE
■200 DATA230,252,76,43,192,76,73,78,69,32
KN
•210 DATA35.32,0,169,35,160,192,32,30,171
CA
■210 DATA 220,12,230,65,208,2,230,66,230,251,2 08,2,230,252,76,11,12 GM
•220 DATA160,0,177,251,170,230,251,208,2,230 •230 DATA252,177,251,32,205,189,169,58,32,210
CE JE
■220 DATA 169,153,160,12,32,80,13,166,65,165,6
•240 DATA255,169,0,133,253,230,254,32,37,193 •250 DATA234,165,253,160,0,76,13,193,133,253 •260 DATA177,251,208,237,165,253,41,240,74,74
CL NB MB
•230 DATA 69,83,58,32,0,169,247,160,12,32,80,1 3,169,3,133,254,32,107 HC
•270 DATA74,74,24,105,65,32,210,255,165,253 ■280 DATA 41,15,24,105,65,32,210,255,169,13
EP GH
•300 DATA251,208,2,230,252,76,11,192,169,153
NG
•310 DATA160,192,32,30,171,166,63,165,64,76
BF
■320 DATA231,192,96,76,73,78,69,83,58,32
EP
•330 DATAO, 169,247,160,192,32,30,171,169,3. •340 DATA133,254,32,228,255,201,83,240,6,201 -350 DATA8O,2O8,245,230,254,32,210,255,169,4
P,J FK FL
•360 DATA166,254,160,255,32,186,255,169,0,133 -370 DATA63,133,64,133,2,32,189,255,32,192
CL GC
•290 DATA 82,32,63,32,0,76,44,13,234,177,251,2
■380 DATA255,166,254,32,201,255,76,73,193,96
NN
■390 DATA32,210,255,173,141,2,41,1,208,249 •400 DATA%,32,205,189,169,13,32,210,255,32
NH IM
•300 DATA 254,170,138,76,88,12,0,0,0,0,230,251 ,208,2,230,252,96,170,177 FJ
•410 DATA2O4,255,169,4,76,195,255,147,83,67
KC
•420 •430 •440 •450 -460
DC ML GN JK NA
•290 DATA32,220,192,230,63,208,2,230,64,230
DATA82,69,69,78,32,79,82,32,80,82 DATA 73,78,84,69,82,32,63,32,0,76 DATA44,193,234,177,251,201,32,240,6,138 DATA113,251.69,254,170,138,76,88,192,0 DATAO,0,0,230,251,208,2,230,252,96
AN
•470 DATA170,177,251,201,34,208,6,165,2,73
DM
•480 DATA255,133,2,165,2,208,218,177,251,201 •490 DATA32,208,212,198,254,76,29,193,0,169 •500 DATA13,76,210,255,0,0,0
JA FM PA
COMMODORE 128 VERSION •100 FAST:F0R X = 3072 TO 3520-.READ Y:POKE X,Y :S=S+Y:TRAP110:NEXT:SL0W
IH
•110 SLOW:IF SO49057 THEN PRINT"(CLEAR][DOWN] **ERROR**":PRINT"[DOWN]PLEASE CHECK DATA LINE S 140-390":END JA
94
AHOY!
1,240,74,74,74,74,24
6,76,231,12,96,76,73,78
LC
CP
■240 DATA 13,201,83,240,6,201,80,208,245,230,2 54,32,98,13,169,4,166 GK
■250 DATA 254,160,255,32,116,13,169,0,133,65,1 33,66,133.250,32,125,13 LB •260 DATA 32,134,13,166,254,32,143,13,76,73,13 ,96,32,98,13,165,211 JF •270 DATA 234,41,1,208,249,96,32,89,13,169,13, 32,98,13,32,152,13,169,4 GD •280 DATA 76,161,13,147,83,67,82,69,69,78,32,7
9,82,32,80,82,73,78,84,69
01.32,240,6,138,113,251,69
PL
OK
•310 DATA 251,201,34,208,6,165,250,73,255,133,
250,165,250,208,218,177 GA ■320 DATA 251,201,32,208,212,198,254,76,29,13,
0,169,13,76,98,13,0,0,32
FI
•330 DATA 170,13,32,226,85,76,180,13,32,170,13
,32.50,142,76.180,13,32
OF
•340 DATA 170,13,32,210,255,76,180,13,32,170,1
3,32,228,255,76,180,13,32
AK
-350 DATA 170,13,32,186,255,76,180,13,32,170.1
3,32,189,255
BP
0,13,32,170,13
FP
4,255,76,180,13,32,170
ID
,0
IF
•360 DATA 76,180,13,32,170,13,32,192,255,76,18 •370 DATA 32,201,255,76,180,13,32,170,13,32,20
•380 DATA 13,32,195,255,76,180,13,133,67,169,0 ,141,0,255,165,67,96 BJ •390 DATA 133,67,169,0,141,1,255,165,67,96,0,0
FLANKSPEED FOR THE C-64 By GORDON F. WHEAT Flankspeed will allow you to enter machine language Ahoy! programs without any mistakes. Once you have typed the.program
in, save it for future use. While entering an ML program with Flankspeed there is no need to enler spaces or hit the carriage return. This is all done automatically. If you make an error in a line a bell will ring and you wiil be asked to enter it again. To LOAD in a program Saved widi Flankspeed use LOAD "name" 1,1 for tape, or LOAD "name",8,l for disk. The function keys
may be used after the starting and ending addresses have been entered. fl -SAVEs what you have entered so far.
f3-LOADs in a program worked on previously.
f5-To continue on a line you stopped on after LOADing in the previous saved work. f7- Scans through the program to locate a particular line, or to find out where you stopped the last time you entered the program. f7 temporarily freezes the output as well.
5
■100 POKE5328CU2:P0KK53281.il
■105 PRINT"[CLEARHe 8](RVS0N][ 15" "]FLANKSPEF.D[15" "J"; ■110 PRINT"[RVS0N][5" "]MISTAKEPROOF ML ENTRY PR0CRAM[6"
•390 PRINT:PRINT"ADDRESS NOT WITHIN SPECIFIED RANGE!":B=O:
GOT0415
-395 ■115 PRINT"[RVS0N][9" "]CREATED BY C. F. WHEAT[9" "]" W •400 ■405 ■120 PRINT"[RVS0N][3" "1C0PR. 1984, ION INTERNATIONAL INC. ry< "in DH ■410 ■125 FORA-54272T054296:POKEA,0:NEXT IM ■415 ]
■130 P0KE54272,4:POKE54273,48:P0KE54277,O:P0KE54278.249:P0
KE54296.15
■135 FORA-68OT0699:READB:P0KEA,B:NEXT
-140 DATA169,251,166,253,164,254,32,216,255,96
■145 DATAI69,0,166,251,164,252,32,213,255,96 •150 B$="STARTING ADDRESS IN HEX":GOSUB430:AD-B:SR=B
MC
PRINT:PRINT"NOT ZERO PAGE OR R0M!":R=O:GOT0415 PRINT"?ERROR IN SAVE":G0TO415 PRINT"?ERROR IN LOAD":GOT0415 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT"END OF ML AREA":PRINT P0KE54276,17:POKE54276,16:RETURN
BH IM
NH ■425 REM GET FOUR DIGIT HEX
PC
K0 •430 PRINT:PRINTB$;:INPUTT$ -435
GN
OK
FN PP PO PG
•420 OPENlS.S.lSsINPirmS.A.ASiCLOSEl^PRINTASiRETURN
KJ
HD
GH
IFLEN(T$)<>4THENG0SUB380:GOTO43rj
NP
JB ■440 FORA=lT04:A$=MID$<T$,A,l):GOSUB450:IFr(A)=16THENGOSUB 380:GOTO43O FJ KA •445 NEXT:B-(T(l)*4096)+(T(2)*256)+(T(3)-16)+T(4):RETURN
GF
KE
■450
IFA$>"e"ANDA$<"G"THENTCA)-ASC(AS)-55:RETURN
EH
L0 ■455 IFAS>'7"ANDA$<":"THENT(A)-ASC(A$)-48rRETURN EE HN
■460 T(A)-16:RETURN -465 REM ADRESS CHECK
KP NP LI
■18ft IFB>255THENB-B-255:POXE254,PEEK<254)+1 ■185 P0KE253,B:PRINT ■190 REW GET HEX LINE
GE •470 IFAD>ENTHEN385 HN ■475 IPB<SRORB>ENTHEN390 IL ■480 IFB<256OR(B>4O96r;ANDB<49152)ORB>53247THEN395
LB EC
■20TJ FORB=OT01:GOT0250
HP
-155 GOSUB48O:IFB-0THEN15O
•160 POKE251,T(4)+T(3)*16rP0KE252,T(2)+T<l>*lG
■165 BJ-"ENDING ADDRESS IN HEX":C0SUB430:EN-B -170 GOSUB470:IFB=OTHEN150 ■175 P0KE254,T(2)+T(l>«16:B-T(4)+l+T(3)*16
HG
NH
■485 RETURN ■490 REM ADDRESS TO HEX
IM EB
■205 NEXTB
HE
■495 AC-AD:A-4096:G0SUB520
FD
■215 PRINT" [c P][LEFT]"i
•220 NEXTA:T=AD-(INT(AD/256)*256>:PRINT" " •225 FORA-OTO7:T=T+A%(A):IFT>255THENT=T-255
IK
•505 A=16:GCSUBS2O •510 A=1:GOSUB52O
PD U ■515 RETURN
-230 NEXT
I*
■520 T-INT(AC/A):IFT>9THENA$=CHRJ(T+55):GOTO53O
BI
■530 PRINTA$;:AC=AC-A*T:RETURN
HK
■540 OPEN1,T,1,A$:SYS68O:CLOSE1
■255 IFA$-CHR$(2O)THEN305
HF ■545 IFST-OTilENEND
■260
KH
•550 GOSUBWJ-.IFT-8TI1ENG0SUB42O
•195 GOSUB495:PRINT": [c P][LEFT]";;FORA=0T08 •210 AS(A)-T(l)tT(0)+16:IFAI>fA-l-ENTIlEN340
•235 IFAX(8)OTTHENGOSUB375:GOT0195 -240 FORA=0TO7:POKEAD+A,A%(A):NEXT:AD=AD+8:GOTO195
•245 REM
GET HEX INPUT
-250 GETA$:IFA$-""THEN250 IFA$-CHR$(133)THEN535
■265 IFA$-CHR$(134)THEN560 •270 IFA$=CHR$(135)THENPRINT" ":GOTO620 ■275 IFA$=CHR$(136)THENPRINT" ":GOTO635 ■280 IFA$>"e"ANBA$<"G"THENT(B)=ASCU$)-55:GOTO295
■285 IFAi>"/"ANDAS<":"THENT(B)-ASC{A$)-48:GOTO295 ■290 C0SUB415:GOT0250
LE •500 A-256:G0SUB520
Pfi MI IL p£
LE ■525 A$=CHR$(T+48)
JP AC
AB ■535 AS-"**SAVE**":GOSUB585
LH LH EO CM
JM ■555 GOTO535 EG ■560 A$="**LOAD**":GOSUB585 AB •565 OPEN1,T,0,A$:SYS690:CLOSE1 DL ■570 IFST=64THEN195
CL
NE HF LC
MD ■575 GOSUB4O5:IFT-8THENG0SUB42O JJ •580 COTO56O
■295 PRINTA$"[c P](LEFT]"; •300 GOTO2O5
0A ■585 PRINT" ":PRINTTAB(H)A$ CF ■590 PRINT:AS-""rINPI)T"FII.ENAME";AS
■305 IFA>OTHEN320 •310 A— 1:IFB-1THEN33O
PG 01
-315 GOTO220
BM
■595
AN
CL
FC OM
1FA$-""TI1EN59O
DD
■(/ill PRINT:PRINT"TAPE OR DISK?":PRINT
DF
■605 GETB$:T=l:IFB$-"D"THENT=8:A$-"«iO:"tA$iRETURN
•320 IFB-OTHENPRINTCHH$(20);CHR$(2O);:A=A-l •325 A=A-1
HG ■610 IFBJO"T"THEN605 BE ■615 RETURN
-330 PKINTCHR$(20);:COTO220
LE
•335 •340 ■345 ■350 ■355
AD GJ PL IA NF
REH LAST LINE PRINT" ":T-AD-(lNT(AD/256)*256) FORB-OTOA-l:T-T+At(B):IFT>255THENT.T-255 NEXT IFAX(A)OTTHENG0SUB375:GCT0195
IM
ig
■620 BS-"CONTINUE FROM ADDRESS":GOSUB430; AD-B
BO IM OH
■630 PRINT:GOTO195
PH
■625 GOSUB475:IFB-OTHEN62O
GH
■635 B$="BEGIN SCAN AT ADDRESS":GOSUB43O:AD-B
FA
■640 GOSUB475:IFB-OTHES635
IB
•645 PRINT:GOT0670
PP
■360 FORB=0TOA-l:POKEAD+B,A%(B):NEXT
HN ■650 FORB=0TO7:AC-PEEK(AD+B):GOSUB5O5:IFAD+B»ENTHENAD=SR:G
■370 REM BELL AND ERROR MESSAGES
FL ■655 PRINT" ";:NEXTB
■365 PRINT;PRINT"YOU ARE FINISHED!":GCTO535 ■375 PRINT:PRINTLINE ENTERED INC0RRECTLY":PRINT;GOT0415
■380 PRINT:PRINT"INPUT A 4 DIGIT HEX VALUE!":GOT0415 ■385 PRINT:PRINT"ENDING IS LESS THAN STARTING!":B-0:GQT041
JA
OSUB410:GOTO195
EC
DA ■660 PRINT:AD-AD+8 FF ■665 GETB$:IFB$-CHR$(136)THEN195 ■670 GOSUB495:PRINT":
NI GN LI
";:G0T0650
IB
AHOY!
95
Y>130ANDY<200THENGOSUB1370:C=.:0=.:G=BUM
INFOFLOW
P(1):GOTO2OO
FROM PAGE 37
AD
■230 IFY>234THENBEGIN:SOUND1,25000,50,0,2
000,2000,0:C0L0Rl,15:CHARl,16,24,"
•10 TRAP1690
KJ
•20 REM *****************************
KF
QUIT
? ",1:DO:LOOPUNTILJOY(2)=.
•30 REM *
INFOFLOW
*
El
•240 DO:IFJOY(2)>127THENGRAPHIC0:POKEV+21 ,.:COLORO,12:C0L0R5,14:C0L0R4,14:PRINTCH
•40 REM *
BY CLEVE BLAKEMORE
*
HG
R$(12)CHR$(142)CHR$(19)CHR$(19)CHR$(147)
*
AO
■60 REM *****************************
KF
•50 REM *
DATABASE FOR THE C128
• 70 FAST:C0L0R4,13:F0RX=3584T04096:READA:
POKEX,A:NEXT
HP
• 80 COLORO,1:C0L0R4,12:C0L0R5,7:COLOR1,15
:PRINTCHR$(14)CHR$(11):GRAPHIC 2,1,25 PH • 90 REST0RE2630:FORI=.TO63:READA:A$=A$+CH
R$(A):NEXTI:I=FRE(.):SPRSAV1,B$:SPRSAVA$ ,1:SPRSAV1,A$:SPRSAVB$,1
JA
•100 SPRITE1,1,16,,,,.:MOVSPR1,160,150:GS HAPEA$,270,10O PE •110 RESTORE272O:FORX=2TO8:SPRITEX,1,7,,,
,.:NEXT:FORX=2TO8:READA,I:MOVSPRX,A,I:BO XI,A-29,1-55,A+5,1-25:NEXT:DRAW1,0,78T03 20,78 PE
-120 CHAR1,O,O,CHR$(14)+"
*[12" "][s I]N
F0[s F]L0W[14" "]* ",l BB •130 CHARl,2,6,CHR$(14)+"[s S]AVE[6" "][s N]EW[6" "][s D]ELETE[4" "][s V]IEW-[s A ]DD" EO •140 CHARl,2,7,CHR$(14)+"[s L]0AD[6" "][s F]ILE[5" "][s R]EC0RD[5" "][s R]ECORD" DO •150 CHARl,2,16,CHR$(14)+"[s S]0RT[4" "][ s S]EARCH[5" "][3 H]ARDC0PY[3" "][s C]UR
RENT":CHARl,32,17,CHR$(14)+"[s R]ECORD#" LL -160 COLOR1,12:CHAR1,0,20,CHR$(14)+" * [ s B]Y [s C]LEVELAND
[s M],
[s B]LAKEMORE
[11" "]'M
GK
•170 CHARl,0,22,CHR$(14)+"[3" "][s S][s P ][s A][s C][s E][SS][s I][s N][SS][s M][ s E][s M][s 0][s R][s Y][SS][a F][s 0][s
R][7" "][s RJECORDS !
,16,24,"
QUIT
",1:SLOW
":COLOR1,7:CHAR1
MD
M]EMORY!":MC$=n[3"[D0WN]"Hc 5] [s F]ILE
[s C]URRENTLY IN [s M]EMORY!":CHAR1,23,
22,"[5" "]":DIMB0C7) PL •190 F0RX=0TO7:B0(X)=2[UPARR0W]X:NEXT:TL= a ! br — * * UK— *! X= • IT—* '. A= ■ ; B= ■ * G= •" L-= > ' U— • •
HK
■200 S0UND1,15000,20,0,5000,5000,1:IFJOY( 2)THEN200
OB
■210 G=BUMP(1):DO:DO:A=JOY(2):IFA=.THENLO OP:ELSEB=AAND15:I=(B-1)*45:MOVSPR1,-6*(B
<>0);I:A=J0Y(2):L00PWHILEA=B:IF(AAND128) THENEXIT:ELSELOOP
• 220 S0UND1,15000,20,0,5000,5000,1:X=RSPP 0S(1,0):Y=RSPPOS(1,1):IFX>27OANDX<32OAND 96
AHOY!
7:CHAR1,16,24," 0T0210
QUIT
",1:0=.:G=.:C=.:G DO
■260 BEND BG ■270 ONCGOSUB29O.57O,680,910,1040,1180,12 30 BB
•280 GOTO200 BO •290 REM SAVE/LOAD FILE EB ■ 300 GOSUB152O:GRAPHICO:PRINT"[CLEAR][BLU
E]":WINDOWl,2,39,24,l:DIRECTORY"[s I][s
F]*":WINDOWl,l,39,l,l:PRINT"[RVSON][c 8] [s S][RVSOFF]AVE OR [RVSON][s L][RVSOFF] OAD?[BLUE]"; PF •310 P0KE208,.:D0:GETKEYA$:L00PUNTILA$="S
"ORA$="L"
LK
•320 IFA$="L"THEN420 •330 REM SAVE CURRENT FILE TO DISK ■340 IFEF=.THENPRINT" [s N]0 [s F]ILE IN [s M]EM0RY!";:SLEEP5:G0SUB1500:RETURN
JM LD PE
•350 WINDOWO,1,39,1,1:PRINT"[HOME][c 8] [
s S][s A][s V][s I][s N][s G] [s F][s I] [s L][s E]
[BHJE]";FT$;CHR$(155);:A$=FT$MH
•360 SCRATCHES I][s F]["+A$:DOPEN#1 ,"[s
I][s F]["+A$+",W":IFDS>20THENPRINT"[RIGH
T]"DS$;:SLEEP5:GOSUB15OO:XLOSE#1:RETURNHM ■370 J=EF-1:PRINT#1,RL%;CR$;TL;CR$;J;CR$;
N;CR$;FT$:FORX=1TON:PRINT#1,N$(X);CR$;L% (X):NEXT I):NEXTI,J
"[3"[D0WN]"][c 5] [s N]0 [s F]ILE IN [s
="":B$="":M=.:K=.:L=.:F=.
:END JB •250 LOOPUNTILJOY(2)ANDJOY(2)<128:COLOR1,
OP
• 380 FORJ=1TOEF-1:FORI=1TON:PRINT#1,R$(J,
■180 TRAP1690:C0LLISI0Nl,1650:V=53248:M$=
I=.:J=.:N=.:RL%=.:FT$="":CR$=CHR$(13):A$
CI
BF
•390 DCLOSE#1 ■400 G0T0550 ■410 REM LOAD NEW FILE
PB GD CK OC
•420 IFEFTHENPRINT" [s F]ILE IN [s M]EMOR Y!";:SLEEP5:G0SUB1500:RETURN CH •430 WINDOWO,1,39,1,1:PRINT"[c 8] [s F]IL ENAME [BLUE]";:A=10:G0SUB1560:A$=IN$:PRI NTCHR$(155) 01 •440 D0PEN#l,"[s I][s F]["+A$+",R" FD ■450 IFDS>20THENPRINT"[RIGHT]"DS$;:SLEEP5 :GOSUB1500:DCLOSE#1:RETURN GG
■460 INPUTS,RL%,TL,EF,N,FT$
IN
•470 DIMR$(TL,N),N$(N),L%(N) AC •480 FORI=1TON:INPUT#1,N$(I):INPUT#1,L%(I ) •490 NEXT •500 FORJ=1TOEF •510 FORI=1TON
•520 GET#1,A$:IFA$OCR$THENR$(J,I)=R$(J,I
CP IA NC KJ
)+A$:GOTO52O
El
TX
GA
•530 NEXTI,J:EF=EF+1:CR=1
0E
■770 IFEF>1ANDEF<>CRTHENEF=EF-1
■540 DCLOSE#1
GD
-550 WINDOWrj,l,39,l,l:PRINT"[RIGHT]"DS$;
BN
•560 SLEEP5:G0SUB1500:RETURN
JH
-780 PRINT"[DOWN][DOWN][s @] [s R][s E][s C][s 0][s R][s D][SS]#";CR;"DELETED.":S LEEP3:IFA$="[s D]"THENRETURN:ELSEGOT0900 DL
-570 REM INITIALIZE NEW FILE
EP
•790 BEND
• 580 GOSUB1520:IFEFTHENPRINT"[DOWN][DOWN] ";MC$:SLEEP5:G0SUB1500:RETURN
•590 RL%=.:TL=.:PRINT"[c 8]
[s FILENAME
[BLUE]";:A=10:G0SUB1560:FT$=IN$
BF
CJ
•600 PRINT"[s N]UMBER OF FIELDS ";:A=2:G0 SUB1560:N=VAL(IN$):IFN<10RN>20THENPRINTC
HR$(145)CHR$(27)"J"CHR$(27)"Q";:GOTO600: ELSE DIMN$(N),L%(N)
-610 FORX=lTON:PRINT"[s N]AME [s F]IELD #
";X;" ";:A=39:GOSUB156O:N$(X)=IN$
•820 WINDOWl.2,39,24,1 •830 DO:PRINTCHR$(147);:GOSUB154O
JN
■840 GETA$:IFJOY(2)=.ANDA$=""THEN840 GO •850 IFJOY(2)=3THENCR=CR+1:IFCR>EFTHENCR=
NDVAL(A$)<256THENL%<X)=ABS(VAL(A$)):ELSE PRINT"[s D]EFAULT (160) !":L%(X)=160 CH •630 RL%=RL%+L%(X):NEXT OF •640 RL%=RL%+3*(N+1)+5:TL=INT(FR£(1)/RL%) :EF=2:DIMR$(TL,N) DH •650 PRINT"[s T]HIS FILE WILL PERMIT AT L
EAST":PRINT"[RVSON]";INT(FRE(1)/RL%);"[R
AJ DF
0:RUN180:ELSEPRINT"[D0WN][s E]MPTY [s F]
ILE [s C]REATED.":CR=1:SLEEP5:GOSUB1500:
RETURN •680 REM DELETE RECORD(S)
KE KK
C][RVSOFF]URRENT [s R]ECORD,[RVSON][s S
• 720 IFA$="A"THENBEGIN:PRINT"[DOWN][DOWN] [s D][s E][s L][s E][s T][s E][SS][s A][
IE
NH
F-l:IFR$(X,1)=""THENFORI=1TON:R$(X,I)=R$ (X+1,I):R$(X+1,I)="":NEXTI:NEXTX:ELSENEX
JA NI
■950 IFJ0Y(2)=.!HEN950
AB
-960 IFJ0YC2»127THENRETURN HA •970 IFJOY(2)=3THENCR=CR+1:IFCR>EFTHENCR= DC
•980 IFJOY(2)=7THENCR=CR-1:IFCR<1THENCR=1 AC •990 IFJOY(2)=1THENBEGIN:SOUND1,18000,10, 1,2000,5000,2:PRINTCHR$(19)CHR$(17);:FOR
" t1THENR$(CR,X)=MID$CIN$,2)
•1010 NEXT:IFCR=EFANDR$(CR,1)<>""THENEF=C
CK BG
■1030 PRINTCHR$(147);:GOT0940
NE
G0SUB1500:RETURN
MJ BG
GK
BB
R+l:IFEF>TLTHENEF=TL •1020 BEND
ORITHM")
■740 IFA$="C"THENBEGIN PH •750 PRINT"[DOWN][DOWN][s D][s E][s L][s E][s T][s I][s N][s G]E4"."]":SOUND1,25O 00,15,0,3000,8000,1
EH
•930 GOSUB94O:GOSUB15OO:RETURN -940 GOSUB154O:SLEEP1
■1060 GOSUB152O:IFEF=.THENPRINTM$:SLEEP5:
U][SS][s S][s U][s R][s E]?([s Y]/[s N] )":DO:GETKEYA$:LOOPUNTILA$="Y"ORA$="N":I
■760 FORI=1TON:R$CCR,I)="":NEXT:FORX=1TOE
■920 GOSUB152O:IFEF=.THENPRINTM$:SLEEP5:G
•1050 REM ("[s S]HELL [s MjETZNER [s A]LG
D][s S]![s A][s R][s E][SS][s Y][s 0][s
•730 BEND
BG DK CL
■1040 REM SORT RECORDS
s L][s L][SS][s R][s E][a C][s 0][s R][s
FA$="Y"THENEF=. :COLLISION1:GOSUB1490:RUN180:ELSE900
CB
•890 BEND •900 GOSUB1500:RETURN •910 REM VIEW RECORD(S)
•1000 A=L%(X+1):IN$=" ":G0SUB1570:IFIN$<>
• 700 GETKEYAS: IFA$<>"C"ANDA$O"S"ANDA$<>" A"THEN700 IG •710 S0UND1,25000,25,0,2000,3000,1
KB
-880 LOOPUNTILA$="[s E]11
X=lTON:PRINT"[c 8]";N$(X);"[BLUE][RIGHT] "; oj
0SUB1500:RETURN:ELSEPRINT"[c 8][RVS0N][s
SOFFJLL?"
•870 IFA$="[s D]"THENGOSUB75O
EF
•690 G0SUB1520:IFEF=.THENPRINTM$:SLEEP5:G ][RVSOFF]CAN [s F]ILE,OR [RVSON][s A][RV
DC
■860 IFJOY(2)=7THENCR=CR-1:IFCR<1THENCR=1 AC
OSUB1500:RETURN
VSOFF][s R]ECORDS.":PRINT"[DOWN][DOWN][R
•670 IFA$="R"THENCOLLISION1:EF=.:GOSUB150
DH DL
EF
X;" ";:A=3:GOSUB156O:A$=IN$:IFVAL(A$)>.A
RVSOFFjEJECT?" •660 GETKEYA$:IFA$O"A"ANDA$O"R"THEN660
BG
-800 IFA$="S"THENBEGIN AH •810 PRINTCHR$(19)CHR$(19)CHR$(147);:PRIN T"[RVSON][BLUE][DOWN][s S][s H][s I][s F ][s T]-[s E] TO [s E]XIT,[s S][s H][s I] [s F][s T]-[s D] TO [s D][s E][s L][s E] [s T][s E] RECORD" CO
BC
•620 A$="":PRINT"[s L]ENGTH [s F]IELD #";
VSON][s A][RVSOFF]CCEPT OR [RVSON][s R][
HB
AO OJ EH
■1070 DO:PRINT"[c 8][CLEAR][s S]ORT USING [s F]IELD?(1 ><";N;")";:INPUTA$:IFA$="" THENX=1:EXIT:ELSEX=VAL(A$):LOOPUNTILX>.A NDX<=N:M=EF-1:PRINT:PRINT"[DOWN][DOWN][s
S]TAND BY-[s S]ORTING [s F]ILE!"
JN
•1080 SLEEP3:FAST
JM
•1090 M=INT(M/2):IFM=.THEN1170
JP
•1100 K=(EF-1)-M:J=1 •1110 I=J
EA EA
■1120 C0L0R4,(JAND15)+l:L=I+M:IFR$(IpX)<=
R$(L,X)THEN1150
AHOY!
97
AG
•1130 FORR=1TON:A$=R$(I,R):R$(I,R)=R$(L,R
):R$(L,R)=A$:NEXT •1140 I=I-M:IFI>=1THEN112O
CK HH
•1150 J=J+l:IFJ>KTHEN1090 NE •1160 G0T01110 FC •1170 C0L0R4,12:SLOW:PRINT"[DOWN][DOWN][a
@] [s S][s 0][s R][s T][SS][s C][s 0][s M][s P][s L][s E][s T][s E][s D].":SLEE
P5:G0SUB1500:RETURN
PC
•1180 REM SEARCH RECORDS,FIND STRING CN •1190 GOSUB152O:IFEF=.THENPRINTM$:SIJEEP5:
G0SUB1500:RETURN EH •1200 WIND0W1,1,39,1,1:PRINT"[c 8][s S]EA
RCH [s S]TRING:[BLUE]";:A=23:GOSUB156O:A
$=IN$ AC •1210 PRINT"[c 8][s S]EARCHING[3"."]";:WI ND0W1,2,39,24,1:FORJ=1TOEF-1:FORI=1TON:I
FINSTR(R$(J,I),A$)THENCR=J:GOSUB94O:CR=JLK
•1220 NEXTI,J:PRINT"[HOME][H0ME][CLEAR][c
8][D0WN][RIGHT][s S]EARCH COMPLETED.";:
SLEEP3:GOSUB1500:RETURN •1230 REM HARDCOPY
OG OD
• 1240 G0SUB1520:IFEF=.THENPRINTM$:SLEEP5:
THENA$=STR$(CR):CHAR1,32,18,A$:RETURN:EL SERETURN
•1490 REM SWITCH BACK TO COMMAND SCREEN
OD HG
•1270 WINDOWl,4,39,4,l:A$="":INPUT"[s T]0 :";A$:IFA$=""THENL=EF-1:ELSEL=VAL(A$) HH
GG
+21,255:CHAR1,23,22,"[6" "]":G0SUB1480:I FEFTHENA$=STR$(INT(FRE(1)/RL%)):CHAR1,22 ,22,A$:RETURN:ELSE RETURN PB
-1510 REM SWITCH TO TEXT
GB
•1520 PRINTCHR$(19)CHR$(19)CHR$(147):WIND OW l,l,39,24,l:GRAPHIC2,0,l:P0KEV+21,0:R ETURN
■1530 REM CHROUT ONE RECORD
•1540 PRINT"[c 8][RVS0N] [s R][s E][s C][ s 0][s R][s D][SS]iT;CR;"IN [s F][s I][s
ED
AE
L][s E][SS]";FT$:FORX=lTON:PRINT"[c 8]" ;N$(X);": ";"[BLUE]";R$(CR,X):NEXT:RETUR
N
CP
•1550 REM TAMPERPROOF INPUT • 1560 PRINTCHR$(27);"Q";:IN$=""
KE OA
•1570 P0KE208,.:POKE244,l
DH
•1580 GETZ$:Z=ASC(Z$):IFZ=.OR(Z>95ANDZ<19
[LE
FT][RVSOFF3";:POKE244,1:GOT01580
[3"*"][4" "][s L]INE [9 R]ANGE FOR [s H ]ARDC0PY[4" "][3"*"] " DA •1250 WINDOWl,3,39,3,l:A$="":INPUT"[c 8][ s F]ROM:";A$:IFA$=""THENF=1:ELSEF=VAL(A$
HP
•1500 GRAPHIC2,0,25:M0VSPRl,160,150:P0KEV
3)0RZ>218THENP0KE244,.:PRINT"[RVSON]
G0SUB1500:RETURN:ELSEPRINT"[RVSON][BLUE]
) •1260 IFF<10RF>EFTHEN1250
•1480 COLOR1,16:CHAR1,32,18,"[6" "]":IFEF
CJ
•1590 ZL=LEN(IN$):IFZL=ATHEN1610 PN •1600 IFZ>31THENIN$=IN$+Z$:PRINTZ$;CHR$(2
7)"Q";:G0T01580
JM
■1610 IFZ=13ANDZLTHENP0KE204,l:PRINT" ":R ETURN
JH
■1620 IFZ=2OANDZLTHENIN$=LEFT$(IN$,ZL-1): P0KE244,.:PRINT"
[LEFT][LEFT]
[LEFT]";:P
0KE244.1
CH
•1280 IFL<10RL>EFTHEN1270:ELSEIFL<FTHEN12 50 PE
■1630 G0T01580 ■1640 REM INTERRUPT PROCESSING
FP KE
•1290 PRINT"[HOME][HOME]":PRINT"[c 8][3"[ D0WN]"][s @] [s P][s R][s Il[s N][s T][s I][s N][s G] [s F][s I][s L][s E] ";FT$
•1650 G=BUMP(1)AND254:IFG=OTHENRETURN
OL
:GRAPHICO
•1660 FORX=1TO7:IFBO(X)=GTHENC=X:O=G:G=BU
ED
•1300 OPEN4,4,7:CMD4 •1310 :
JP DI
•1320 FORJ=FTOL:CR=J:GOSUB1540:PRINT:NEXT MC
•1330 PRINT#4,""
EK
•1340 CL0SE4.4
DN
■1350 PRINT"[c 8][3"[DOWN]"][s @]
0][s N][s E].":SLEEP3
■1360 •1370 ■1380 •1390
G0SUB1500:RETURN REM GET RECORD NUMBER IN I IFEF=.THENRETURN IFJOY(2)THEN139O
[s D][s
IE DK NO DO FH
•1400 GOSUB1480
GC
•1410 IFJOY(2)=3THENCR=CR+1 •1420 IFJ0Y(2)=5THENCR=CR-10 •1430 IFJOY(2)=7THENCR=CR~1
BN FK El
•1440 IFJOY(2)=1THENCR=CR+1O
HB
MP(1):NEXT:ELSENEXT •1670 RETURN •1680 REM ERROR TRAPPING
DI IM JC
•1690 COLLISION!,1650:IFER=30THENRESUME
DB
•1700 IFER=5ANDEL=129OTHENPRINT"[3"[DOWN]
"] [s A][s B][s 0][s R][s T][s I][s N][s Gl [s H][s A][s R][s D][s C][s 0][s P][ s Y].[s P][s R][s I][s N][s T][s E][s R] [s 0][s F][s F][SS][s L][s I][s N][s E] !":SLEEP3:GOSUB1500:RETURN GG •1710 IFER=5THENPRINT"[3"[D0WN]"] [s D][s E][s V][s I][s C][s E] [s N][s 0][s T] [s P][s R][s E][s S][s E][s N][s T]!";:S LEEP3:G0SUB1500:RETURN
•1720 IFER<9THENPRINTCHR$(19)CHR$(19);DS$ ;:RESUME
S][s E][s R][s R][s 0][s R],";:SLEEP5:G0
•1460 IFJOY(2)>127THENMOVSPR1,16O,15O:RET URN GL •1470 G0T01400 FO
•1740 PRINTERR$(ER);" ERROR IN ";EL:SLOW:
AHOY!
OK
•1730 IFER=24THENPRINT"[3"[DOWN]"] [s F][ s I][s L][s E][SS][s D][s A][s T][s A][S
•1450 IFCR<1THENCR=1:ELSEIFCR>EFTHENCR=EF FE
98
AJ
SUB1500:RETURN G0SUB1500:END
EL EK
•1750 REM SPRITE DATA
IB
•2330 DATA17,60,128,17,34,255
AG
•1760 •1770 •1780 •1790
JC
• 2340 DATA241,34,128,17,60,143 -2350 DATA17,34,128,17,34,128 •2360 DATA17,60,255,241,0,128
GK
•2370 DATA17.28,128,17,34,143 •2380 DATA18,32,128,20,32,255
JG
DATAO,0,0,0,0,0 DATAO.0,0,3,255,128 DATA2,l,0,2,2,O DATA2,4,O,2,2,O
•1800 DATA2,1,0,2,0,128
-1810 DATA2,96,64,2,144,32 ■1820 DATA3,8,16,0,4,8
FE JL JE CH LM OF
•1830 DATAO,2,4,0,1,2
JL
•1840 DATAO.O,129,0,0,65
CN PO JK PA
•1850 DATAO,0,34,0,0,20
•1860 DATAO,0,8,0,0,0 ■1870 DATAO,7,255,240,7,227
•1880 DATA240,7,221,224,7,221 •1890 DATA240.7,221,240,7,227
FE JA
•1900 DATA24O,7,255,24O,7,247
AH
•1910 •1920 •1930 •1940 -1950 •1960
FO
DATA240,7,247,240,7,247 DATA240,7,255,240,0,0 DATAO,255,255,255,198,0 DATA3,197,255,227,197,64 DATA35,197,255,227,192,0 DATA3,255,255,255,0,0
•1970 DATAO,0,128,0,0,64
•1980 DATAO.0,36,15,255,20 •1990 DATA16,3,12,32,5,124
MO
GO NM
HE
•2390 DATA248,34,O,O,28,255 • 2400 DATAO,0,0,0,0,0 •2410 ■2420 • 2430 • 2440 •2450 • 2460 -2470 •2480
KC JC
DATA15,128,0,1,131,255 DATA2,130,1,4,130,1 DATA8,0,1,16,63,225 DATA32,32,63,64,32,32
DD
CG HK CK OG
DATA128,0,32,7,252,32 DATA4,7,224,4,4,0 DATAO,4,0,255,132,0
PK
DATA128,252,0,128,128,0
PM
• 2490 DATA128,128,0,128,128,0 •2500 DATA255,128,0,255,0,0
GO
DK
PE KD
NH
•2510 DATAO,0,127,255,0,64 •2520 DATA1,0,94,1,0,64
KP
•2530 DATA1,0,95,253,0,64
GN
NO
•2540 ■ 2550 • 2560 •2570
DATA1,16,95,253,8,64
KP
DATAl.252,95,253,8,64
PB
AC
FN LI
BM
DATAl.16,95,253,0,64 DATA1,0,95,253,0,64 DATA1,0,95,253,0,64 DATA1,0,64,1,0,127 DATA255,0,0,0,0,0 DATAO,255,7,6,10,7
KH
•2000 DATA64,9,0,255,241,0
GB ID
•2010 DATA128,17,0,143,17,0
JA
■2590
•2020 DATA128,17,0,255,241,0 •2030 DATA128,17,0,143,17,0 •2040 DATA128,17,0,128,17,0
CO
•2600
JA
• 2610
LD
■2050 DATA255,241,0,128,17,0 -2060 DATA128,17,0,143,18,0
GG JF
•2070 DATA128,20,0,255,248,0
OH
-2080 DATAO,0,0,0,0,0
JC BN
■ 2620 REM HIRES SHAPE DATA • 2630 DATA192,000,000,191,000,000. • 2640 DATA255,129,016,003,129,032. • 2650 DATA064,009,000,255,241,000. •2660 DATAO33,OOO,145,115,255,O49. •2670 DATA081,034,057,145,035,255. •2680 DATA128,017,032,128,017,032. ■2690 DATA032,128,017,O00,128,017.
•2090 DATAO,60,0,0,66,0 •2100 DATA3,255,192,4,0,32
HL
•2110 DATA3,255,192,2,0,64
JI
•2120 •2130 •2140 •2150
HC
DATA2,82,64,2,82,64 DATA2,82,64,2,82,64 DATA2,82,64,2,82,64 DATA2,82,64,2,82,64
■2160 DATA2,82,64,2,0,64
129,015 005,255 128,081 170,001 017,032
255,241 AN
000,143 FL
HC
•2720 DATA45,7O,12O,7O,2O5,7O,29OI 70,45,1
HC
DE
50
BO
•2730 DATA120,150,215,150
FL
SCRAMBLER FROM PAOE 31 DD BB
MC
Starting address in hex: COOO Ending address in hex: CA61 SYS to start: 49152
EP
flankspeed required for entry! See poge 95.
•2250 DATA32,3,0,192,0,255
ID
COOO:
A9
D3
AO
C5
20
IE
AB
20
ED
•2260 •2270 •2280 -2290 •2300
JC
C008:
8D
C4
A9
20
85
39
A9
57
JC JC
C010: C018: C020: C028: C030: C038:
85 85 91 3A A9 8C
3A 3C 3B C6 00 56
A9 A2 88 3C 99 3F
00 04 CO CA 40 AO
85 AO FF DO 3F 18
3B 3F DO FO 88 B9
A9 Bl F7 AO 10 B4
CA 3F
39 C6
4B C5
3F FA
Dl
C6
48
■2240 DATA8,8,66,16,4,60 DATAO,0,0,0,0,0 DATAO,0,0,0,0,0 DATAO,0,0,0,0,0 DATAO,255,0,0,8,15 DATA255,20,16,3,34,32
-2310 DATA5,62,64,9,34,255 ■2320 DATA241,34,128,17,0,143
GG JN OK AM ND NJ
• 2700 DATAO18,O00,128,02O,O00,255. 248,000 PM •2710 REM ICON LOCATIONS HG
•2180 DATAO,0,0,0,0,0 -2190 DATAO,0,0,0,0,0 DATAO,0,0,0,0,255 DATAO,3,0,192,4,60 DATA32,8,66,16,16,153 DATA8,32,189,4,16,153
FM BJ FD
HC
-2170 DATA3,255,192,0,0,0
•2200 -2210 •2220 •2230
•2580
GN GN
CC OP HM OD
23
86
AHOY!
99
C040: CO48:
99 AO
00
D4
88
10
F7
A2
18
02
18 20 8D DO
20 IE
FO
FF
A9
D7
AB
A9
00
21
DO
8D
17
8D
ID OA DO
DO
A9
A9 27
8D
2E
14
03 33 A9 11 IF C6
A9
A9
8D 8D
FE
8D
22 8D DO
CO 50:
AO
C5
CO 58: C060:
20
DO IB
CO68: C070:
8D A9 26 A9 15 20
C078: C080: C088: C090: C098: COAO : C0A8: CO BO: C0B8: COCO:
8D
1C 07
DO 8D
DO
A9
DD
8D 58 C3 8D 85 8D C6 OF
03 C7
A9
01
A9 27
00 C6
8D D4
29
8D
25 01
C210: C218:
20 FC
D2 84
8D
F9 95 D7
C220:
DO
06
DO
3E
C228:
4C
8B
7E 1C E4
C230: C238:
09
7F DO 8D
DO
78
8D 07 C6
C248: C250: C258: C260:
C3
8F
C268:
26
C4 D7 20 F4 C6
IF A8 42 6B
C6 7D 28 C2 FO 9D
8D
D6
C6 04
8D
28
C6
D4
8D
OB
8D
25
C6 8A
05 03 DO
DE
8D
23
C6
A2
BD
CO DO:
A8 IB BO
9D
C6 08 C6
99
C0D8: COEO: C0E8:
C6
9D
F9
C2
A9 CA
7E 09 38 FC 10
FD
8D
FF
DA 07
20
COFO: C0F8:
DO
A2
14
C100:
A2
02
8E C5
C108: C110: C118: C120: C128:
29
69 07
4A 29
09 90
A2 F4 E6
FD IF D4
20
C6
E7 FO
C2 12
AD
8D
02
A9
8F 09 48 20 29
C0C8:
E8 E6 8D 18
D4
EO
C130: C138:
IF 22
C6
ClAO:
A7
C3
4C
C148:
20
2B
C150:
C3
C2 FD
C158:
IB AE CA
C6
C178:
9F
A5 D4 20 DO 20 AC
C180: C188:
03 CO
C160: C168: C170:
DO
00
DD
A9 OA
IE
F8
60
8D
53
C288: C29O:
8F
C298:
38 24
BD
AD
C6
C6 8D
C3
A9
3D
C2B8:
C8
8C
OB
8D
15
CF
C2C0:
C6 DO
18 FC
A5 8A
B7
8D
F8 07 OE IE DO 17
C2C8: C2D0: C2D8: C2E0: C2E8: C2F0: C2F8: C300:
6D 37 90 8C OF 00
45 C6 06 FO OA 06 A9 00 8D OF 3E C6 8D 45 C6 09 40 8D 08 D4 85 A7 A9 04 85 23 C6 E9 27 4A FO 10 18 A5 A7 A7 A5 A8 69 00
AD
CE
A9 DO 18 22 20 C2 DO
8D 02 05 00 8D CD FB 8D AC D4 AD 77 C6 20 F2 73 C3 59 20 4E 1A 09 AD 6F
C320:
FB
DO 11 58 A4
8D C8
1C DO
3F FD
08
C328:
45
DO
2E
C330:
00
8D
29 30 06
01 BO 90
C5 A3
C338:
20
C340:
8B
C8 4C
C348: C350: C358: C360: C368:
AD
15
DO
8D
14
B2
4C
9A
85
C3 3A
CE Cl
DD
20 D4
09 F8
07
AO F9 88 8C
06
06 3F
26 39
3A
AO
AD 39 Bl
99
C8 7C B5 70
10
F8
8C
F8
07
DE
OB
D4
C8
8A
A2
A9 A2
9D
6F
3F
00 C5
8C 00 FO
OB
3F A5
FC
77
98 F4
4B EE
69
OB
29
3F
AA
8D
88
10
E8
CE
D7
07
AD
D7 CO
07
29
OF FO 03
A9
00
85
C6
A2
04
EE
FF C6
EE
86
4D
FO
EE
1C
18
20
FO
AO
00
B9
11
8C
FF
FO
OE
30 C6 AO 54 D4 18
BD
FO
C6
8A
AO 02
88
38
C6 OF C6
37
D4
C200:
01
6A
7E
8D
18
98
90
DO
C2B0:
08
C1F8:
3F
DO 8D C6
OF
C2A8:
30
4C F5
AD
A8 85
A8
B9 AD
AD
AD
C6
31 B8 AD E8 A2 DD 10 78 78 69 ED 06
C6 EO 58 B9 A6 7C C6 6B OB D4 9D 3E C6 B8 C6 6D F4 CO 55 OE DO 60 DE 98 29 C5 60 A9 AD A8 38 2A
4A 69
4A
78
28 A8 C6
99 13
FO 85 4A
78
38
AD
FB
AD
25
85 24 C6
66
FB
46
FB
FB 22 29
Bl A9 C6
A7 20
85
FB
FB D4
C6 8D C8
22 8C
C6 04
OA AO
85 91 A9 OA
FE A7 12 ED 18 65 8C 04 A2 06 99 02 C6 A8 05 98 DO CA FO 04 C6 B9 C6 60
C308:
88
C310: C318:
E9 00
38
40
D4
60
8A
OA
A8
BD
38
C6
DO
AD
10
DO
3D
BD
3F 63
29
01 8C
5C FO
ID
C370:
10
C378: C380:
CE
C388: C390:
8D B9 B9
C398: C3A0: C3A8: C3B0: C3B8: C3C0: C3C8: C3D0: C3D8:
C6 30
9D
DO 45 23 C6 04 CA AO 01 3E C6 8D 45
AD
6C
8D
A2
B9 C6
AC
C6
AO
OA B4 14
5F
22
3F 54
FB
3F
7F
DO
A5 60 6A
CF
ED 25 7A C6
AD
88 CO AO D4 CO
C6
C2A0:
A9
C1B8:
72 DO AD
Dl CA OD 43
71
07
39
B9
38 10 A8
CD
C6 C6 DE 60 29 C6 C6 DO
A8
10
60
29 AC
C6 28
04
8D
28
AD
29
C6
A2
40 8E 04
EA
C6
FO
DC D4 OA D4 00
C6
8D C8 8C OA OA AO 04 C9 3A
OD 00 28 OA
D4 C6 09
38 90
B9 02
C8 B9
C8
BO
OB
06 90
EE
04 01
01
69 99 00 05
07
7A 76
3F C6 OA CO 4C 5B IB D4
09
07
85
29 C6
5F F6
A4
64
BD DO C2 AD
DO 9D 20
D7
C1B0:
C240:
FB
A2 FO FF C9 00 4C OB C2 18 BD 38 C5
28 00 07 4E
D7
C1A8:
A8
05
AC
22 8D
C6 85 20 BO 9D CA 07
C280:
8C
20
2A C6 OA 32 98 C6
2D
20 C6 BO 03
FA AD
05
89
8C 3A
ClAO:
AHOY!
3F
C8
A2
C270: C278:
88
CO C6 C6 04
100
72 07
FB
2A 60 D4
23
IF
C208:
Cl
A2 E4
IB
C6
98
C1D8: C1E0: C1E8: C1F0:
OA AO AD
8D CE
20
9D C6 IB
DO C9 CO
C190:
CIDO:
8D C6
A9 24
20
A5
FB A4 CO
7D 31 BO CO Fl 3F D4
IE C6
C198:
C1C0: C1C8:
FO
9D A9
8D A9
FF
8D
01 E8
60 20
9B
10 A5 C9 64 A9 OD
E9
46
D4 D4 8E
29
8D C8 07 A9 30
8F
32
24 54 E5 CO DC 90 52
EC C6 50 5D CF 47 88 EC 92
88 07
10
EF
60
AO
D9
EO
07
FO
B3 05
4C 4C
E9 E9
C3
C3
C8 AO
CO 05
FD
15
C3E0:
B9
C8
07
99
EO
07
88
10
84
C5B0:
06
F7
AO
05
A9
30
AD
23
8C C6
10
FA
60
A9
C6
8D
00
A6
FB
20
FF
E9
FB
10
C5C0: C5C8:
24
C3F8:
C9 27 78
C5B8:
88
C8 85
07
C3F0:
99 17 C6
41 C6
BO
C3E8:
29
F7
A9 C6
04
FB
A6
FB
BD
87
C5D0:
4C
85
85 02
FE 31
85
BD
4B
2F
03
18
85
41
A9
05 06
40
A9
69 91
C5D8: C5E0:
53
85 4B
04 D4 02
32
C5E8:
43 30 30 9C 4C
OD EA 4F 30
25 8E 52 30 56
45
04
88
CO 23
28 A8
BO A9 C6 A6
F3
AD
C5F0:
33
45
91
79 8D
48
IE 30
FB
10
49
FB
BC
11 C2
18 20
20
96 7F
C5F8: C600: C608:
IE
8A
A9 98
00
43
29 B3 A6
00 00 00 00
D8
55
EF
A9 D2
A5 20
AA
F3
DC 29 A9 84
A2
C618: C620: C628: C630: C638: C640: C648: C650: C658:
20 30 C2 9D 45 4B
01
C660:
DF
FE
C668: C670:
40 00
C400: C408:
46
C410:
C6
C418:
AO 91
C420: C428: C430: C438:
IB 02 cc
D4
29
A9 A9
05 07
91
04
85
FB
C440:
84
C6
BD
AA
FO
FF
AO
C6
C450: C458:
AB
C6
A9 FB
8C 02
C6
C448:
10
E8
AO
27
44
99
98
07
99
C460: C468:
DB
88
10
F3
99
14
04
A9
C470: C478: C480: C488:
38 13
98 20
E9 D2
28 FF
FF
38
00
C490:
A9 29
A9 12 4C CD
A9 02 AO 50 OB 99 A8 10 A9 05 ED 20
FE
8D
C498:
FB
85
C4A0:
85
C4A8: C4B0:
38 3B DO
C4B8:
A9 14
BD
AD
20 C6 OE
OE
DC
A5
01
01
A9
DO
85
3A
F9
E6
AO Bl 3A
00 84
A2
3C 04
39 E6
F2
A5
01
C4C0:
OE
DC
C4C8: C4D0: C4D8: C4E0: C4E8: C4F0: C4F8:
18 DO 3A FO DO DO 2E
DO
09 29
09 01
A8
8A
C500:
21 98
C6
AA
09
18
AD
03 23
C518:
C6
C8
C520: C528:
23 C6 29
AE
21
03
C530:
BD
50
C538: C540: C548:
01 73 C6
DO C5 A5
A2
C550:
AD
C6
C558:
C6
23 AO
C508: C510:
C560: C568:
AO 88 03 26 35
C610:
00
92 00 00
8D
OE
DC
DB
C690:
OA
FO B9
09
OE C6
8D
18
88
C698:
FF
84
F7
60 C5
AD
99 08 IF C6 27 C6
C6A0: C6A8:
FF 00
C6B0:
02
DC
AA
00
07
C9
oc
4A
BD 8D C6
58 F8
C6 07
79
98 C6
29
AA C6
AD
BO 8D
Bl
01
7E IF
01
41
00
DA
94
DO AO C6
C6B8: C6C0: C6C8: C6D0:
8D
22
C6D8:
IF
8D
27
60
4C
98
C5
8A
B2
26
C6
DO
19
FO
3E
A5
FE
EO
83 B9
07
C9
42
C9
43 29
DO 01
FO 07 2D EE DO 1C
4C 26
99
18
86
C708: C710: C718:
7D D9
50 7E 07 B9
C6
8D
23
2D
C7 20:
00
C6
FO
E2
C728:
00
4A
09 A9 29 DO F8 29
OE F8 00 OC OB
6E 6B AA
C730:
50
C738:
03
C740:
00
70
C748: C750:
00
C758:
00
C7 60: C768: C770: C778:
00
AD
05 F8
88
10
07
29 4C
C570:
F8 26
C6
AD
C578:
4A
4A
AA
C58O:
AD
07
C588:
4C
C590: C598:
4A 18
F8 B9 4A
C5A0:
AD
25
24 C6
BD 29 AD 58 C6
C5A8:
CO
22
90
C5 ID
7D
C5 00 DC 58 C6 FC 8D 24 C6 C6 8D 7D 50 54 C6
OD 4C
B3
F8
10
07
OF
61
El 25 EE
C6
07 A8
86
DO
07
AA
C5
CO
AF
C6E0: C6E8: C6F0: C6F8: C700:
98 58 03
93
00
9F
20
30 20 05
AB 32
53
05 20 20
48 30
49 30
47
7B
30
57
9D
C2
11
OD
11
9D
C3
4C FF
20
2F
00 30 00 38 00 00 00 00 00 D2 32 45 F2 52 06 06 05 04 04 39 01 FF 00 00 00 FF 00 51 F4 FO 00 FD FB F7 EF 20 BF 7F 02 04 08 10 20 BD 80 01 FF 02 FE 03 FD 2C FF 00 FF 00 FF 00 FF 71 FF FC 04 FF 00 3E 5E 16 9E BE DE 09 IF 14 09 80 14 09 IF 02 02 06 OA F7 OE 12 12 FE FE FE FE C8 FF 00 FF 00 FF 00 00 98 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 Al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
00
93
29 F8 4A
DO
00
AD AD
AC
DO
10
00 00 00
01
B9 00 F8 29
10
00
85
AD
AD 8D
00
04
4C
DO
C6 08 45 30
D2 24
05 97 11 52 20 00
C678: C680: C688:
97 3B 4E 18
25
AD
20 30 00 9D C2 00 50 4E 59 00 00
91 3C
F8
8D
DO
20
7D OB 5B
27 10
49
C6 01
20
39 3B C8 CA DO
8D 8D
AD
FB
24 8D
OC 00
OA OA 47 47 05
00 81 81 00 00
00
00 40 03
00
00
00
53
53
20
41
45
59
00 00 00 00 00
00 C9
00
00
00
00
00 00 00 00
20 28
AHOY!
101
00 00
00
CO
C788:
00
00
C790: C798:
00 00
00 00
C7A0:
00
C7A8:
00 60
C780:
C7B0: C7C0:
OF 00
C7C8:
00
C7D0: C7D8: C7E0: C7E8: C7F0: C7F8: C800: C808:
00 00 00 00 48 OF 00 00
C810:
00
C818: C820: C828: C830: C838: C840:
00 00 00 80 OF
C848: C850: C858:
00 00 00
C860:
00
C868: C870:
C7B8:
C878:
00
00 00
00 00
00
00
00
00
00
41 88
C950:
00
00 00
00
00 00
00 00 00 90 00 00 00 98
C960:
00
00
80
00
00
00 CO 00 00
00 00 30 00
02 00 00
00 50 OF
oc
CO
00
00
00
00
00
00
00 00
00 10 00 00 00 00
02 00
00
CO FO 00 00 00 00
00
00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 OF 00
00
00 00
00
3C 00 00 00 00 OA
01 00
00 00 80 01 00 FC 00 00 00
00 00 00
54
00 00 02 00
03
00
00
C8A0: C8A8: C8B0:
80
00 00 00 00
00 OA 00 00 00 15 00 00 00
00 00 OF
C8B8:
OF
CO
C8C0:
00
C8D8: C8E0: C8E8: C8F0: C8F8:
C900: C908: C910: C918:
CO
00
FC
oc 00
3E
C9C8:
FO
C9D0: C9D8:
00 00 00 00 00
C9E0:
00
C9E8:
00
C9F0: C9F8: CAOO:
40 oc
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CO
00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OA
C920:
00
00
00
OA
C928:
00
C930:
00
00 00 00 oc
20 00 00 00
00 15 50 00 00 00 OF CO oc CO 00 oc 00 00 00 00
102
AHOY!
00
00
00
00
01
74
00
CA30:
00
28
01
40
CA40: CA48:
CO
00 AA FC
10
CA38:
00
00
3E 3F 00 00
E2
00 00
25 00 FO 00 00 00 00 00 85 00 30 00 00 00 00
00 05 00 00 00 00
B4 01 82
00 00 00 00 80 00 02 80 01 50 00 09 00 OF CO 00 CO 00 oc CO 00 00 00 00
00 00 00
01 5F
OC 08 10 18 CA 14
37
AA
DC
2B
03 00 33 00 00 00 00 00 00
AA
CC
00 00 00
48
BC
3D
50
00 58
60
P|| EM AL. M
PROM PAOE 15 Starting iHJdreii ; in hex: COOO Ending addreii In hei :: CA22 SYS to start: 49152
DO
Flanktpeed required for entry! See page 95
D8
20
7F
05
DC
20 DO
3D
3A
F6
5D
07
A9
13
DO
7E F3
20
COO8:
CO
A9
60
C010:
Cl
AD
A7 3C 08
CO 18:
A2
00
A9
20 8D DC 2D
CO 20:
OE
9D
9E
DB
CO28:
Fl
20
C3
10
C030:
3D
Cl
4B 20
cc 00 C9 9D E8 20
A8
Cl
9E EO 92 A9
18 34
CO38:
54
CO
20
9F
C2
EE
C040:
AD
CO
C9
9B
01 DO
DO
CO48:
54 CO
CB
C4 00 00
C7
COOO:
B2
E5
63
00 AA 00 00
C8
D3
D8
AA
00
FO
F4
00 CO 07 00 00 81 00 00 C8 00 00 DO 00
04 00 cc 00 00 00
00 00 00
98
00
00 00 00 00
CO
00
CA28:
00 00
50 00 01
00
CA20:
7E
A5 2F CO
80
00
50
03
98
02
00 00 00 00
58 72
00 00
00
00 00 00 40
00 CO
00
00 00 00
00 00
00
00
oc
00
DE
00
OF CO 00 00
00
00 00
00
FF
00 00 OA 00 00
C940: C948:
00
00
A2
00 41 00 88 00 90
00
CA60:
00 00 00 00 OF 00 00
C938:
00 00
00 00
00
90
00
00
CA10: CA18:
80 15 00
OA
00
00 00 00 00 00
00
00
4F 48
CA08:
00 00
3C
00
62
00 00
CA50: CA58:
00
00 00 00 00
C7
88
00
FC
10 18 34 52
8C
00
00 00 00 00 00 55 00 FO 00 00
00 00 00
00 00 02 20 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 oc 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 20 00 00 00 00 CO 00 oc oc 00 00 00 00 00
00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3C
00 00 00 00 OA 00 00
00 08
OC CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 OA 00
00
00 oc CO
00
40
C9B8: C9C0:
30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 60 00 OF CO 00 00 00 00
00
C9B0:
00
00 00 00
C8D0:
00
oc
00
C8C8:
C9A8:
00
00 3F
00
D8 E5 73
00
02
00 00
C898:
00 80 25
00 00 00 00 00 00 OA 00 00 05 00 00 3C 00
oc
C890:
00 00
00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00
C880: C888:
C998: C9A0:
00 00 00 00 05
00
00 00
00 C8 00 DO
00 00 00
00
CO
00
00 oc 00
00
00 05 CO 00 oc CO
C990:
OF 00 00
00
15 00 00 OF CO 00
C988:
00 00 00
00
00 00
FO
00 OF 00
00
20 00 00 00 CO 00
82
15
00 00 OF
00 80 OC
00 00
00
00 00 00
50 58 74
C980:
00
00 00 00
00 00 00
C978:
15
00 00 00 OA
00 00
EO
00
00
00 00 00 00 00 00
03
00
00
00 00 OA
A5
00 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OA
00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
C968: C970:
02 80 00 09 CO 00 3C FO 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00
C958:
C9
IE
CO 08
FF
C050:
CO 4C
29
ID
C058:
A2
00
BD
4C
C060:
9D
3E
48
A9 DO
03
C068:
FO
A9
00
00
CA D8 8D
6F
03
CO 20 00 8D 54 CO F3 AD 4C 55
20 9D E8 00
7F CO 3E 04 EO 06 DC AD
DC FO
D3 40 02 A7
6B 91 EB
C070: C078: C080:
00 C4 00
DC C9 20 CC BD OE
C0A8: COBO
El
CO
COBS:
20
D9
COCO
CO
AD
CODO C0D8:
EB CO 20 D9 CO C9
COEO
A9
3C
CJE8:
E2
05
COFO C0F8:
3F 8D D4 8D D4 A9 A9 21 01 D4 EO 00 D4 18 DO DE 00 8D 9A C4 AD 3B 00 8D
G11O
C118: C12O:
C128: C13O: C138: C140: C148:
C150: CI58:
C16O: C168: C170: C178: C180:
C188: C19O: C198:
C1AO: C1A8: C1B0: C1B8: C1CO: C1C8: C1DO: C1D8: ClEO: C1E8: C1FO: C1F8: C2OO: C2O8: C210: C218:
C220: C228:
C230: C238:
2B C9 EO
04 BD
1A 00 50 3A
04 05
A2
8C
C2
C248:
FO
C250:
49 A9
03 C3 E2
A7 18 DO AD
Cl AD AD 05
60 A9 15 DO 04 DO DO
A9
07
A9
04
13
DO
4F
C5
A2
FD
05
EE
4A
EE El CO 8D E6 CO EE EB
E2 02 3F 83
CO
8D
24
FO
CO
EO 60 8D A9
20
D9
E6 8D CO FO
CO E6
AD CO
CO
8D
40 8D
DO El
20 CO FO 02
D9 AD CO A9
05
A9
A9 OA
3E 06
8D
09
4C 3C 3D 06
A9
03
8D 05
OD
06
D4
A9
EF
8D
17
74
6F
8D
15
CO
69
18 3A DO CC 8D D4
AD
IB
A2
90
F9
C9
E6
BO
47
75
C298:
F5
8D
8D
C2
60
00
00
AD
7A
F7 BC AF FE
C2A0:
9D DO
C2 AD
C9 06
DE DO
FO C9
41 33
CE
06
BO
BO
08
B3
EE
07
DO
A9
07
93
9D
C2
AD
8D C2
FB
EE
El 9D
C9
DE
BE
DO 03
20 20
AD
8B
C2 C9
00
FO
68
9C
CO
09
08
8D
15
18 DO
07
DO
06
C2
BO
01
9E DO
C2 AD
F5 6E DE
8D
E7
A9 C9 C9
FO 39
15 6B DO 60 CE
DO 8D 4C AD 08
F4 F7 01 83 F3
08
DO
EE
09
A9 AD
33
BO
08
FD
EE DO 03 09 09 AD
DO 9E C2
C9 El 9E
8D C2
3E 20 10 DO 15
8C CO
C2
C9
FC C9 00
07 DE FO
DE 08 CE
18
AD
15
DO
3C
DO
A9
6B 8D
47
A9 A9 A9
01 00 EO 00 29
8D 15 A9 F5 DO 09 8D SB 8D 9D 8D FB 00 AD
OA
D2 75
8C DO
16 FB
D4
A2
E8 21
69
CO 6E
EB
A9 17
8F D4
20 A8 18
E8 04
98
A9 05 8D
00 8D
60 Cl
00 C9
3B 3C
Cl Cl
00 04 AD A2
EE DO 3C 00
04
9D
50
04
F2 8D 9D 60
A9
3B
4F 6D
04 05
EO
EE 9D 28
3C 00 DO
04 BD
A9 D5
3B C9
1A FO DO
DO 13 AD 00 EE
F5 C9 03 8D 03
DO DO
C9 09
C2 02 05
AD 8D DO
D4 A9 35 8D 04 D4 20 30
C278: C280: C288:
C2A8: C2B0: C2B8: C2C0: C2C8: C2D0: C2D8: C2E0: C2E8: C2F0: C2F8: C300:
3B
Cl
S3
C308:
34
A9
67
Cl
FO
6F
C310: C318:
BD
1A
C2
C320;
E8
9E
C328:
8D A2
28 00
C7 D3
Cl
A2
49
8D
C330: C338:
C340: C348: C350:
60 C3
F2 8D
A9 4F
3C 46
C358:
AD
4A
C360;
BA
C3
9D
6D
A7
60 02 01 FO
B2 7F
03 08
20 DO
DO A7
C9 Cl
AE F6
DO FB
AD 90
54 52
C3 A9 C3 BO
29 00 DO 01
01
8D
04
8D
C2
2E
C368: C370: C378: C380: C388: C390: C398: C3A0: C3A8:
Cl 72 FO
E3 77 11
04 9D 89
BO
OC
AD
DO
C9
1A DO DO
C9 C9 C9
14
FO
2F
60
AD
05
24
C8
BO
01
60
8B
C2
IE 8D 00
41 OA 25
DO
01
FO AD 38
A9
DO
07 60 60
38
IE
AD 00 C9
AD
15
08
8D
15 63 01 8D
DO C2 60 15
A9 AD 38 DO
00 8C AD A9
DO
E9
8D
8B
C2
C9
15
DO
00
8D
DC
10
C3
01 00 8D
2C
A7 C9 OC
E9
49
09 8D 08
C290:
A9 AD IE
C2 4C 00 DO
8D
A9
8D
8E
01
00
AO
15
C4 8D
01
05
01
01
07
D4
A9
A9
01
A9
DO
AC AC
07
FA
18
EO
19 08
60
D4
E8
Cl 8D
8D
8D
EO AD A7 Cl 10 CE 03 E7 BO 05 60 EE 03 03 DO 8D EF 18 AD 15 DO 20 8D 02 DO 4C CO Cl
C268: C270:
A7
E3
04
E8
C260:
AD
C2 A9 00 C4 20 57
IE DO D4 C9
2F
00
C258:
C2
DO 01 00
8D
C9
2E FA
C240:
EE CO EB EE
CE 9D 00 28 DO A9 3A BB C9 DO F5 BD 42 04 E8 8D 28
20 8D
3D
CA
3A
C9 El
COAO:
FC CO AD
63 85
CB
A2
FO
A2 00
4C 4C
20
CO
20 CO
DB
A5 60
DO 9B CO
F9 29 9E EO 02 El
9E
C098:
DO 4C 9D E8 69 AD
9D
01
C108:
CA
FO 60
C088: C090:
C1OO:
6F C7
C3B0: C3B8: C3C0: C3C8: C3D0:
EE
07
AD
C3E0:
A9 FO
7C 06
FF
C3E8:
60
5E 24
C3F0: C3F8:
2E
C400: C408:
01 C3 AD
8D 18 C2 C2
08 8D 8D 8D
07 8D 00 DC DO 03 20 29 02 DO 4A C3 29 C3 AD 4A 20 07 C4
E9 03 10 8D
DO 4A
03 C3
20 60
07 60 CE
AD C9 05
05 D4 DO DO IB
DO BO A9 C9 DO
05 DO FA 07 AD 05 05 A 9 78 8D C3 FO 06 CE 01 DO DO 60 AD 05 DO C9 01 60 C9 D2 BO FB DO
C3D8:
AD 9C
AD A9
05 05 8D
DO DO IB
A9 C9 DO
E3 B8 AD
EE
01
DO
EE
AD 04 60 C9 2C CE 04 DO CE 00 DO 04 DO C9
DO
C9
E8
90 AD CE
FB
CE
49
C3
00 90
DO 01
E6
DO 18 15 DO 8C C2 9E C2
18 50 93 BE
FC
07
EC
8D 86 03 04
4A C3 20 DO
OB 7C 33 98
C3
29
IE
AD 4A
30
25 AD C9 FB E2
C4 49 70 CE 8D
53 ID El BC 2D
B4 AD
DO 75 49 40
CE 01 6E BO EE 05 8D FA DO 05
DB 56 5F 74 B3
49
C3
33
01 90 04 FO 60
DO 59 01 10 DO 77 06 4E AD 4D
60 C9 49 AHOY!
103
C410;
2A
C418:
DO
C420: C428: C430:
DO FO
8D 8D
90
FB AD 49 EE 00 00 20 05 D4 18 D4
EE
04
C3 DO EB 8D
FO 60 Cl 06 21
C438: C440: C448: C450: C458: C460: C468: C470: C478: C480: C488: C490:
08 CO
8D AD A9 00 AD CC
EE
CC 06
60
AD
06
CB
CB 06
06
AD
CA
06
EE
CA
06
C498:
06
60
AD
04
EE
6C
60 A9 6C 07 07
60
6C 04 6B
07
AD
EE 07
6B
6B 07
AD
6A
04
EE
07
6A 8D
07 OE
6A 60
A5
01
A2
DC 00
30 EO 85
BD 00 01
00 DO
Dl
AD
OE DC
OE 00 EO C6
C4A0: C4A8: C4B0:
C4B8: C4C0: C4C8: C4D0: C4D8: C4E0: C4E8: C4F0: C4F8:
A9
51
8D
A5
A2
69
A9
20 C4
56
06 EE
C500: C508: C510:
18 00
31 BD
A2 E8 05
25
C6
9D
C518:
DO DO
EF
A2
31
BD
BD
C6
C520: C528: C530:
9D
C538: C540:
A2
55 F8 00
E8
EO
C548:
5D DO 00 00 08
C7 F5 DO
C550: C558: C560: C568: C570:
A9
A9 DO E4
30
BD 00
9D A2
E8 EO F6 8D
C578:
A7
Cl
A9
C580: C588: C590: C598: C5A0: C5A8: C5B0: C5B8: C5C0: C5C8:
3B 8D C4
Cl
8D
33 CO CO 03
C5D0:
03
C5D8:
CO
104
C2 3C
26
AHOYI
49 C3 A9 01 8D 44 FC FC 26 2A 33 33 C3 CC 00 00 00 00 C3 CO
33 CO
A9 00 08 04 56 8D
06
60
AD BD EF
D4
DO 06
EE
04
7D
C5E0:
EE
89
AD
49
00 C3
C5E8:
CB
60 D4
A9
C5F0: C5F8: C600:
09 F9 A9 OF B8 8D 04 D4 E3 8D 01 D4 01
C5 D4 C4
A2 60
56 C9 A9
C4
DO
39 30
8D CB FO 04 8D CA
C9
39
FO
38 CF EF ED Al C6 F5 D4 05 E2 14
A9
30
8D
CE
07 C9 60 A9 07 C9 60 A9
39
FO 8D
30
FO 8D
3E
FE
85 00
C9
A9 C9
C9
00 EE 19 DO EE
FO
30 39 30
8D CC FO 04
30
OE 01 00 9D A5 DC BD 68
DC
39 30 29
29
FB
DO 00
9D 31
01
09
09 9D
01 C5
DO
9D
F5 30
EO 00 4D 9D
31 BD
45
C6
C6 00
9D
D8 A9
E8 5D
EO
00 00 EO 9D
A9
C6 F5
39 BD
2F F8 E2
44 04
39
D8 E8
DO
FC
EO
FF FF
57
57
FF
00 00 00
00
00
22
20 28 AA
81
C658:
00
EB
57
12 28 AO 24
AO
AA
4A
AA
08 AO A8
20 21 80
29 FF
D7 EB
D7
08 OA 98 C3
FF
FF
EB
C3
00 00 00
AA
5B 9A A8
C698:
80 00 00 00 00
E8 04 8D 9D
45
A2
E4
BD 20 9D
F5 95 E2
02
28
FF OC 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AA 00 09 A6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
FF 2A FF FF 7D 7D DF DF 7F 7F
43
7D
7F 08 00
92
80 28 98 8A AA 96 08 8A C3 D7 C3 EB OC 18
EA BD
OA
00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 00
00 00 00 OA 00 00 00
C6A0: C6A8:
00 00 00 00
00 00 00
00 00 00
00 00 00
00
00 00
58
C6B0:
00 00 00
00 00
C6B8: C6C0: C6C8:
00 80 A8 00 00
00 00 80 60 00
00 00
3E A7
00 80 00 2A 00 02 00 00 00 00
00
9B
91 7E 92 31 4E 7A 8B
52
54 C6
C2 9B 8B 60 FF
FF
FF
FF FO 00 00
FF
CO 00 00
03 FF F3 CO OF FO 03
03
5A FO F5 9C 01 3A 8C 07 AE D4
OF F7
03 F7
CO CO CO 03 03 03
IF 14
C2
FF FF
00
28
C690:
C2 56 8C 3C 2A 33 CO 30 OC
7F
DF FF
D7
D7
D7
C680: C688:
FF
DF FF FF 7F 57
7F 7F FD 7D 20 00
EC
DD
9D 8D 8D CO FF
9E 8D 8D OF FF F3 CO OC 30 03
DF
00 00 00
07
8D CO
DF
00 00 00 00
F9 00
8D
03 26
57 FF D7 FF 02 00 AA
C648: C650: C660:
03 26 FF 7F
C668: C670: C678:
31 18 08 DO E4 9D 00 38 A2 00 BD E8 EO 40 9D C7 9D DO F5 A2 07 E8 EO 8D FA 07 A9 02 8D 3C Cl 8D 30
C608: C610: C618: C620: C628: C630: C638: C640:
03 2A FF 57 DF 5F
A4
C6D0: C6D8: C6E0:
C6E8: C6F0: C6F8:
00 09 02 00 00
00
00 00 00 00 00 3C
80 14
00 08
AA
25
C700:
01 55 CO 01
C708:
41
C710:
01
C718: C720: C728:
CO 00 80 14
C730: C738:
C740: C748: C750: C758:
C760: C768: C770: C778:
C780: C788: C790: C798: C7A0: C7A8:
40 41 00 3C 00 00 55 01 40
29 CO 41 01 41 CO 03 00
00 00 00 C7 EO 6F C7 EO 07 01 80 03 01 80 03 FB 3C 6B F5
00 00 00
BE
25 68 55 01
00 80 00
FF
00
00
08
55
58
28 05 40 55
00 02 20 55 03 40
40 01 55 55 40 01 01 41 40 40 00 00
00 00 00 00 00
02 00 00 00
D3 5F E5
4D 4F OB
IB OA 43 43 08 58 60
68 70
78 67 B3 90 98
AO A8 BO 3B F4
56 DO
00
D8
AA
C9 84 8A
20 50 FF
29 EE
01 40 C3 00
3C D8
02
01
41
01 00 00 00
70 00 00 FF 00 00 28
03
69
C7
00
00
8F
55 09
58 55
25
55
58
E9
60 55 01
03
FF
EO
40 41
01 40
71
00
8E
40
40 01 41 40 01 41
40 03
C3
CE 1C
03
00
00 00
00
IF
00 00
00 00
00 07
EO C7 03 80 01 00 6B
00 OF EO
C2
C7 3F 01 CO 03 01 80 03 01 80 82 F5 6B 00
00 00 00 83 CO OF C7 F8 OF 01 80 03 01 80 03
83
2F
03 80 01
Bl 13
00
00
DC
7A
F5
6B
F5
14
00
IB
00
90
OF EC
00
2F
60 88
9D
IMPflDTAMTI Letters on white background are Bug Repellent line codes. Do not enter them! Pages 93 and 94 explain these codes
IIVI I Ufi IHIl I . and provide other essential information on entering Ahoy! programs. Refer to these pages before entering any programs!
D8
OA
07 93
00 09 OA 20
00 07 A9 D2
1A
C9
BD 9D
6A C9 28 D8
00 04 9D 28
C7E8:
04 07
9D
C7F0:
E7
A2
00
BD
E8 92
C7F8: C800:
05
BD
99
9D
C9 AO
9D 07
C7B0: C7B8:
00 78
00 IE ID 00
C7C0:
07
00
04
C7D0:
07 FF
07 A9
C7D8:
BD
C7E0:
C7C8:
A0
C9
70 00 00 02 OA 07
39 50
F6
C978: C980:
99
20
D2
IE
C988:
A2
00
A3
C990:
9D 50 OA OA A9 AA 28 DO 51 9D 10 A3
FF
EO C9 38 E8
05 BD EO 07
B7 20
9D 05 19 E8 07
32 77 25 93 13
02 05
5A IE
OA 01 03 EO
F7 3F 20 94
9D 03
IE 15
C808:
DO
E9
A2
00
BD
A7
C9
C810:
Bl
05
BD
C818: C820: C828: C830: C838:
BD
Bl
C9
D9 9D
BD 05 BO
B6 DO D9
Al 00 D9
06 A9 A9
9D
10
D9
C840: C848:
9D 9D
78 19
DA DB
C9 79 9D A2 D8 38 AO AO
9D 06
07 E0 9D
AC 9D C9 EO 9D 9D 9D 9D
D9
A9
DA DB
A9 A9
C850: C858: C860: C868:
9D
C8
DA
9D
68
9D
3E
D8
9D
47
DB
A9
D8
E8
07
DO
CB
A2
00
CA
06
9D
6A
07
A9
30
DO AF
F5 D8
A9 A2
OD 00
8D BD
E8 28 BB DO OA
EO D8 C9 F5 9D
3A
05
9D OA
AC E8
A9
2D
A9 E8
OE EO
C870: C878:
C880: C888: C890: C898: C8A0: C8A8:
6D 05 E8 EO 1A 00 A9 2D 9D BC 04 9D OC 05 9D 5C 9D 03
05 D4 DO
9D 05 EO
C8B0:
9B 9B
07 DB
9D 9D
DO
EB
A2
9E
05
E8
05
E8
8E
C8D8:
E8
8E
Al
C8E0:
8E C9 AC OD 8E
BD 05 05 8E 05 8D 05 E8 BD 04
27
8D
5B
C9 F5
9D 60
00 3A
3A 3A 3A 3A 3A
3B 3A 3B 3A 3B 3A 3B 3A 3B 3B
C8B8: C8C0: C8C8: C8D0:
C8E8:
C8F0: C8F8:
C900: C908: C910: C918: C920: C928: C930: C938:
C9A0: C948: C950: C958: 0960:
C968:
3B
3A
3B
3B
3A
3B
3B
3A
3B
3B 3B
3A 3A
3B 3B
84
05
9D A2 C3
94 00 07
C3 26
DB 8E
8E AO 05 8E D3
96 05 8E C6 05
D4
05
8E
35
E8 05 D4 3B 3B 3B 3B
8E A2 E8 3A 3A 3A 3A
3B
3A
3A 3A 3A 3A 3A
3B 3B 3B 3B 3B
20
20
C970:
ID 00 OA
95 05 8E AB 05 A9 A2
8D
OA
9D A2
2A AO
E4
40
9D
B7
05
70
EO 9D
18 7A
9D
11
1A 51 05 8E FD 8E 9F AD AA 05 31 05 E8 IF E8 8E 04 20 8D 76 IB 8E 56 A2 2E 8D
05 E5 00 EO
OA BD 19
3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3A 3A 3A 3A 3A 01
3A 3B CE 3A 3B F5 3A 3B FD 3A 3B 06 3A 3B OE 3B 3A 16 3B 3A IE 3B 3A 26 3B 3A 2E 3B 3A 36 08 OF 71
A9 EF
5B 6D
DO
FF
19 OD 20 34
21 10 20 20
20 OF OF 08
20 13
3A 13
03
C9A0: C9A8:
13 05
OD OD
14 OF 10 05 01 13
04
C998:
08
05
OF
OE
02
C9B0: C9B8: C9C0: C9C8: C9D0:
19 OC 24
10 09 04 20 2C 24
05 23
09 09
05 15
20 OD
05 20
OE 02
10
05 OE
OF
15
01
20 13 19
32 20 00
45 4E 2C
09
01
OC
EC
OA
OC
Fl
05
12
12
03
13 24
20 2C
13
OF
3D
2C
24
2C
24 2A
2C 2C
AC 02
12
24
2C
24
2C
2C
OA
2D 2A
2D 2C
23 2A
2C
24
15
2C
24
1A
2A 2C 24 25 2D 2D 00 00 00
2C
24
22
2D 00 00 00
12 FO
C9F8:
25 2D 24 2C 24 2C 2A 2C 00 00 00 00
2C
2A
24 2C 2C 2C 00 00
00
00
CAOO:
00
80
00
79
03
OC
OF
00 00
00 00
CA08:
00 13
05
04
20
06
09
20 34
13
14
00 10 12 01
10 64 81 B5
C9D8:
C9E0: C9E8:
C9F0:
24
10 12
CA10:
05
13
13
CA18:
20
14
OF
CA20:
14
00
00
80
8F 12 05 12
PLANET DUEL
FROM PACE 34
-10 GRAPHIC4,l,0:P0KE3072,0
LC
• 20 COLORO,7:C0L0R4,13:COLOR1,6:C0L0R2,1: SPRCOLOR 3,11: PUDEF'V: F$=" [ 3"#" ]. #f' 00 •30 DIM V(3),D(4),J(3),C(3),M(3),L(3),A(3
),H(3),P,A$(16):P=52330
IC
•40 J(1)=1:J(3)=2:D(1)=19:D(2)=9O:D(3)=-1
9:D(4)=270
OJ
•50 FORX=1TO12:READA$(X):NEXT:OF$="[RVSOF
F]":HI$="[RVSON]" PK ■60 PRINT"[CLEAR][DOWN][D0WN][3" "][BLACK ][RVSON][s U][33"[s C]"][s I]" PN •70 PRINT"[3" "][RVSON][s B][RVSOFF]"TAB(
37)"[RVS0N][s B]" " AE •80 PRINT"[3" "][RVSON][s B][RVSOFF] [RVS 0N][c 0] [c I][c I] [c *][c I] [RVSOFF] [RVSON][sEP][c D][c F][c *][c O][SS][c
*][RVSOFF] [RVSON] [RVSOFF][c V][RVSON][ c 0] [c P][c P] [c H][c P] ]
[RVSON][s B]"
[c P] [RVSOFF
•90 PRINT"[3" "][RVSON][s B][RVSOFF]
EN
[RV
SON] [cU][cU] [RVSOFF][sEP] [RVSON][SS
HRVSOFF] [RVSON] [c G][c C][c V] [RVSOF F] [RVSON][SS][RVSOFF] [c *][RVSON] [RVS OFF] [RVSON][SS][RVSOFF][s C][c K][3" " ][RVSON] [RVS0FF][4" "][RVS0N][s B]" KD ■100 PRINT"[3" "][RVSON][s B][RVSOFF] [R VSON]
[RVS0FF][5" "][RVSON]
SON][c K][c G][RVSOFF]
[RVSOFF]
[RV
[RVSON] [RVSOFF] Alton
105
[RVSON] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [RVSOFF] [RV SON] [RVSOFF][5" "][RVSON] [RVSOFF][3" " ][SS][RVS0N][s B]" MD ■110 PRINT"[3" "][RVSON][s B][RVSOFF] [RV SON][c U] [RVS0FF][4" "][RVSON][c U][3" "][c G][RVSOFF] [RVSON] [c U] [RVSOFF] [c D][RVSON] [RVSOFF][c F][RVSON][c U] [ c Y][c Y] [RVSOFF] fc D][RVSON] [RVSOFF] [c F] [SS][RVSON][s B]" BN
•120 PRINT"[3" "][RVSON][s B][RVSOFF]"TAB
(37)"[RVSON][s B]" AE •130 PRINT"[3" "][RVSON][c Q][ll"[s C]"][
RVSOFF]D
U
E
L[RVSON][12"[s C]"][c W]
KI
[s B]"
EA
■160 PRINT"[3" "][RVSON][s J][33"[s C]"][ a K]" AL ■170 PRINT"[D0WN]"TAB(5)"A TWO-PLAYER CON FLICT IN SPACE" LF ■180 PRINT"[DOWN]"TAB(10)"PREPARE FOR COM BAT!!"
C2)
PA
■190 PRINT"[D0WN]"TAB(5)"PLEASE STAND BY FOR PLANETFALL"
KI
■ 200 F0RX=3584T03903:READA:POKEX,A:NEXT
BA
■210 IFPEEK(3O72)=1THEN24O
JI
BL
•370 REM MAIN LOOP
PK
•380 Z»1:DO
GG
•390 A=JOY(J(Z)):IFAAND15THENV(Z)=((AAND1
5)-l)*45:M(Z)=l+(V(Z)>180)*-2:P0KE8183+Z ,M(Z)+55
LI
•400 IFA>127THENSPRITEZ+1,1:MOVSPRZ+1,RSP
POS(Z,.)+D(M(Z)),RSPPOSCZ,1):MOVSPRZ+1,D
(M(Z)+1)#L(Z):SOUNDZ,10000,33,1,300,300, 3
•410 MOVSPRZ,V(Z)#C(Z)
•420 Z=4-Z:J=BUMP(1):LOOPUNTILJ=S6ORJ=9ORJ
■140 PRINT"[3" "][RVSON][s B][RVSOFF]"TAB (37)"[RVS0N][s B]" AE ■150 PRINT"[3" "][RVS0N][s B][YELL0W][4"
"]BY CLEVELAND M. BLAKEM0RE[4" "][BLACK]
= 360 J=BUMP(1):J=BUMP(1):J=BUMP(2):J=BUMP
=5:IF(BUMP(2)AND5)O5THEN380
LH
LL LN
•430 IFJ=6THENBEGIN:M0VSPR5,RSPPOS(3,.).R SPPOS(3,1):MOVSPR3,.#.:SPRITE5,1,2,,,,1:
S0UND2T5000,30,l,0,500,3:FORX=.T050:NEXT :SPRITE5,.:H=RNDC1)*L(1)*2+1 GG
•440 IFH>A(3)THENH(3)=H(3)-(H-A(3)):PRINT
"[c 8]I1;:SYSP,,24,33,.:PRINTUSINGF$;HC3) ;:IFH(3)<=.THENJ=l:I=3:G0T0520
•450 G0T0380 •460 BEND
GF CH BG
•470 IFJ=9THENBEGIN:MOVSPR5,RSPPOS(1,.),R
SPPOS(1,1):MOVSPR1,.#.:SPRITE5,1,2,,,,1: S0UND2,5000,30,1,0,500,3:FORX=.T050:NEXT :SPRITE5,.:H=RND(1)*L(3)*2 HP
•480 IFH>A(1)THENH(1)=H(1)-(H-A(1)):PRINT
"[c 5]";:SYSP,,24,12,.:PRINTUSINGF$;H(1) ;:IFH(1)<=.THENJ=3:I=1:GOTO52O
CP
■220 A=17O:F0RX=0TO320STEP3:I=(RND(l)*40) +5-.DRAW 2,X,A TO X+3,170-I:A=170-I:NEXT: PAINT2,0,160 GP
•490 G0T0380 •500 BEND
CH BG
■230 C0L0Rl,15:F0RX=.T099:A=RND(0)*320:B=
•510 J=O:I=1
JL
RND(l)*130:DRAWl,A,B:NEXT:C0L0R3,8:CIRCL E3,30,30,15:PAINT3,35,35:POKE3072,1 AK ■240 H(l)=100:H(3)=100:F0RZ=lT03STEP2:X=8 PG
•250 SYSP,,14,.,.:PRINTCHR$(27)"@" FO •260 A$="CHOOSE WEAPONS":A=1:B=4:C=12:GOS UB660:L(Z)=I+5:X=X-I HL •270 SYSP,,14,.,.:PRINTCHR$(27)"@" FO
•280 A$="PICK DEFENSIVE ARMOR":A=5:B=8:GO LA
•290 SYSP,,14,.,.:PRINTCHR$(27)"@"
FO
■300 A$="DECIDE ON SPACECRAFT ENGINE":A=9
:B=A-l+X+(X>3)*(X-4):G0SUB660:C(Z)=I+l:X
=X-I
KB
■310 IFXTHENH(Z)=H(Z)+X*10
FF
■320 NEXT
IA
■ 330 FORX=OTO24:FORD=1TO5O:NEXT:GRAPHIC4,
0,X:NEXT:SYSP1,24,.,.:PRINT"[c 5]SHIP#1 DL ERGS:[9" "][c 8]SHIP#2 ERGS:[4" "]"; ■ 340 M0VSPR1,100,100:SPRITE1,I,12,,,,.xSP RITE2,0,2,,,,.:M(l)=l:V(l)=90:PRINT"[c 8 ]";:SYSP,,24,33,.:PRINTUSINGF$;H(1); OB
106
AHOY!
IH IA
•540 IFJ=3THENSYSP,,24,.,.:PRINTCHR$(27)"
Q";TAB(8)"STARPIL0T TWO WINS!!";:SLEEP8: CLR:G0T0580
OM
Q";TAB(8)"STARPIL0T ONE WINS!!";:SLEEP8: CLR:G0T0580
KI
•560 SYSP,,24,.,.:PRINTCHR$(27)"Q";" MID -AIR COLLISION ENDS IN STALF.MATE! !"; :FOR X=.T0150:COLORO,(XAND15)+1:FORA=1T050:NE XTA,X:CLR:G0T0580 MK •570 END IC •580 PRINTCHR$(147):GRAPHICO:POKE2O8,.:PO KE53248+21,.:RUN20 DG -590 REM WEAPONS LL •600 DATA LASER TORPEDOES,PHOTON CHARGES,
PLASMA TRACERS,NUCLEAR MISSILES •610 REM ARMOR
MI BG
•620 DATA CHROMIUM PLATING,DEFLECTOR WEB,
■350 M0VSPR3,250,170:SPRITE3,l,16,,,,.:SP
RITE4tO,2,,,,.:M(3)=3:V(3)=27O:PRINT"[c 5]";:SYSP,,24,12,.:PRINTUSINGF$;H(3);
1:MOVSPRX,(X-1)*45#1 ■530 NEXT
■550 IFJ=1THENSYSP,,24,.,.:PRINTCHR$(27)"
SUB660:A(Z)=I:X=X-I:IFX<=OTHENC(Z)=1:GOT 0320
• 520 SPRSAV5,A$:S0UND2,5000,500,1,20,500, 3: FORX=1TO8: IFXOJTHENSPRSAVA$ ,X :MOVSPRX ,RSPPOS(I,.).RSPPOS(I,1):SPRITEX,1,2,,,,
KIRLIAN FIELD,SHRELL SPHERE
CL
■630 REM ENGINES
CG
IN
IMDnDTAMTI Lelterson white background are Bug Repellent line codes. Do not enter them! Pages 93 and 94 explain ihese codes
IIV! lUn IHIM I ! and provide other essential information on entering Ahoy! programs. Refer to these pages before entering any programsl •640 DATA ATOMICS,TON PROPULSION,TACHYON DRIVE,HALYCON OVERTHRUSTER
DO
■650 REM MENU MC •660 SYS52330,,14,.,.:PRINTTAB(20-LEN(A$) /2);A$:PRINT:PRINT HH
•670 PRINTTAB(C)"PLAYER #"; INT(Z/2+.6);(I
«[s C][s C]»":PRINTTAB(C)"$"X*1OO:I=1 AE •680 SYSP,,2O,C,.:PRINT;HI$;A$(A+I-1)CHR$
(27)"Q"
•690 FORJ=1T090:NEXT
NJ
LAPS
FROM PAGE 63 •10 REM
LAPS
BY JC HILTY
HJ
•20 POKE53280,0:POKE53281,0:PRINTtl[CLEAR]
"TAB(18)"[c 7]LAPS"
EC
."]READING DATA"
PG
•30 PRINTTAB(4)"[4"[DOWN]1I]PLEASE UAIT[8"
GJ
■40 GOSUB1520 ■50 PRINT"[CLEAR][GREEN]PLEASE ENTER THE
FJ
NAME OF PLAYER 1[4"."]" ■60 PRINT"[4"."]UP TO 10 LETTERS"
NC AF DD
•700 J=JOYCZ/2+.6):IFJ>127THENSOUNDl,2OOO , 10: RETURN: ELSEIFJO3ANDJO7THEN700
FI
•710 IFJ=3THENI=I+1:IFA+I-1>BTHENI-1
CI
•720 •730 ■ 740 •750
IFJ=7THENI=I-1:IFK1THEN66O GOTO680 DATA000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 DATAOOO,064,000,000,096,000,000,112
AJ CK FG JL
■70 INPUTA$:IFLEN(A$)>10THEN50
NAME OF PLAYER 2[4"."]" ■90 PRINT"[4".1I]UP TO 10 LETTERS"
GO AF
•760 DATAOOO,000,120,000,000,124,000,000
JE
•100 INPUTB$:IFLEN(B$)>10THEN80
FK
■770 DATA127,192,000,060,063,255,255,255
LF
■110 G0SUB1290
FP
•780 DATA255,255,255,254,063,252,124,063
LN
■120 D=PEEK(V+30)
FI
-790 DATA255,128,056,000,000,048,000,000
HO
•130 G0SUB1150
FK
• 800 DATA032,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 • 810 DATA000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 - 820 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
KD FG FG
•150 POKE49522,1:P0KE49523,8:P0KE49524,30
•830 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
FG
-840 •850 •860 • 870
DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,028 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
FG FM FG FG
■160 SYS49152
• 880 • 890 • 900 • 910
DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 DATAOOO,000,000,002,000,000,006,000
FG FG FG PG
■190 FORT=0T050:NEXT:GOTO160
AO
•200 SYS85O,23,8:PRINT"[23" "]"
JL
■210 GOSUB126O
FK
- 920 DATAOOO,014,000,000,030,000,000,062 •930 DATAOOO,003,254,255,252,060,255,255
EG CD
•940 DATA255,127,255,255,062,063,252,001 •950 DATA255,252,000,000,028,000,000,012 •960 DATAOOO,000,004,000,000,000,000,000
EH BG FK
■ 970 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 •980 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
FG FG
•990 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FG • 1000 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FG • 1010 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,028 FM • 1020 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FG
• 1030 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FG
• 1040 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FG • 1050 DATAOOO,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FG
•1060 DATA048,000,003,003,016,192,000,000 OL •1070 DATAOOO,049,003,076,000,032,000,004 PM
•1080 DATA002,016,048,136,003,002,034,000 EP
■80 PRINT"[CLEAR][WHITE]PLEASE ENTER THE
•140 SYS850,23,8:PRINT"[YELL0W]PRESS FIRE TO START[4"."]" GO :P0KE49525,23:P0KE49526,23
DO KF
• 170 SYS828:IFST=OTHENF0RT=0T088:NEXT:G0T 0160
■180 IF(PEEK(3)AND16)>OTHEN200
EG
GP
■220 POKE2O40,195:POKE2O42,197:LP=0 MP ■ 230 POKEV+37,1:POKEV+38,2:SYS828:IFST=OT HEN290
FK
• 240 IFPEEK(3)=lTHENMP=MP+5:IFMP>300THENM P=300
LD
•250 IFPEEK(3)=2THENMP=MP-5:IFMP<50THENMP =50
LC
■260 IFPEEK(3)=4THENXl=Xl-6 •270 IFPEEK(3)=8THENX1=XH6
OG CP
•280 POKEV+8,X1:SYS85O,1,9:PRINT"[3" "]": SYS850,l,8:PRINT"[YELL0W]"MP IA • 290 POKEV+37,2:POKEV+38,1:TM=TM+INT(600/ MP)
IN
■300 LP=LP+l:IFLP=100THEN390 OP • 310 IFMP>250THENP0KE2045,194:POKEV+11,14 2:GOTO34O FA
•320 IFMP>150THENP0KE2045,193:POKEV+ll,12 2:GOTO340
LE
•1090 DATA016,000,132,000,136,003,194,000 DM •1100 DATAOOO,000,000,132,004,136,000,000 LC
•330 P0KE2045,192:P0KEV+ll,114:GOTO340
BA
•340 Y1=Y1+1:IFY1>13OTHENPOKE2O46,194
DN
•1110 DATAOOO,140,192,072,000,004,000,019 BM
■350 IFY1>150THENY1=110:POKE2046,192:GOTO
•1120 DATAOOO,193,000,048,000,000,000,012 PM
-1130 DATA048,012,192,003,000,000,000,000 IC
370
■360 IFYK130ANDYl>122THENP0KE2046,193
■370 POKEV+13,Y1:IFPEEK(V+30)AND16THENGOS AHOY!
10/
MP
BD
UB1070
MI
•380 G0T0230 ■390 IFE=0THEN41O
CF PH
CK ■400 GOTO77O • 410 P0KE49522,2:P0KE49523,0:P0KE49524,38 :P0KE49525,3:P0KE49526,7:POKE2O4O,199 CL ID •420 LP=»0 • 430 POKEV+37,1:POKEV+38,2:SYS828:IFST=0T
HEN480
• 780 ONZGOT0860,870,880,890,900,910 •790 LP=O:E=*O:Z=Z+1:MP=5O:TM=O
EL NF
-800 SYS850,l,9:PRINT"[3" "]":SYS850,l,8: PRINT"[YELLOW]"MP DA •810 IFC$=A$THENC$=B$:G0T0830 •820 C$=A$
IL IA
•830 SYS85O,1,27:PRINT"[1O" "]":SYS850,l,
LD
•840 X1=164:POKEV+8,X1:POKE2O45,192:POKEV +11,114:POKE2046,192:Y1=114:POKEV+13,Y1 AM
LC 0G CP
•850 D=PEEK(V+30):G0T0130
27:PRINTC$
• 450 IFPEEK(3)=2THENMP=MP-5:1FMP<50THENMP
=50 •460 IFPEEK(3)=4THENXl=Xl-6 -470 IFPEEK(3)=8THENXl=Xl+6
CD BK
FH
•440 IFPEEK(3)=1THENMP=MP+5:IFMP>3OOTHENM P=300
■760 GOTO61O •770 L(Z)=TM/10:P0KES+4,128
•480 IFMP>250THENP0KE2045,194:P0KEV+ll,13 8:X1=X1+10:GOT0510 BI • 490 IFMP>150THENPOKE2045,193:POKEV+11,12 2:X1=X1+7:GOTO51O HE
MJ
KL
•860 SYS85O,18,9:PRINT"[YELLOW]"L(Z):GOTO
790 GN •870 SYS850,18,29:PRINT"[YELL0W]"L(Z):G0T 0790
GH
•880 SYS85O,19,9:PRINT"[YELLOW]"L(Z):GOTO 790
HE
OG
•890 SYS85O,19,29:PRINT"[YELLOW]"L(Z):GOT
•510 Y1=Y1+1:IFY1>13OTHENPOKE2O46,194 DN ■520 IFY1>150THENY1=110:POKE2046,192:GOTO
■900 SYS85O,2O,9:PRINT"[YELLOW]"L(Z):GOTO
•500 POKE2045,192:POKEV+ll,114:Xl=Xl+4
540
MM
•530 IFYK13OANDYl>122THENP0KE2O46,193
BD
•540 POKEV+8,X1:SYS85O,1,9:PRINT"[3" "]": SYS850,1,8:PRINT"[YELLOW]"MP IA
• 550 POKEV+37,2:POKEV+38,1:TM=TM+INT(600/ MP):POKEV+13,Y1 • 560 SYS49152:LP=LP+1:IFLP=60THEN590
GK IC
•570 IFPEEK(V+30)AND16THENG0SUB1070
BJ
-580 GOTO43O CH • 590 P0KE49522,1:P0KE49523,0:P0KE49524,38 :P0KE49525,3:POKE49526,7:P0KE2040,195 KO •600 LP=0:POKE2042,200 OP •610 POKEV+37,l:P0KEV+38,2:SYS828:IFST=0T
HEN660
FP
•620 IFPEEK(3)=1THENMP=MP+5:IFMP>3OOTHENM
P=300
LD
•630 IFPEEK(3)=2THENMP=MP-5:IFMP<50THENMP =50
LC
•640 IFPEEK(3)=4THENXl=Xl-6
OG
•650 IFPEEK(3)=8THENXl=Xl+6 CP • 660 IFMP>250THENP0KE2045,194:POKEV+ll,13 8:X1=X1-10:GOT0690 CG
•680 POKE2O45,192:P0KEV+ll,114:Xl=Xl-4 •690 Y1=Y1+1:IFY1>13OTHENPOKE2O46,194
720
790
HA
•910 SYS850,20,29:PRINT"[YELL0W]"L(Z) PB •920 L(7)=INT(CL(l)+LC3)+L(5))/3):SYS850, 21,9:PRINT"[YELLOW]"L(7) GJ •930 L(8)=INT((LC2)+LC4)+L(6))/3):SYS850, 21,29:PRINT"[YELL0W]"L(8) JK •940 IFL(7)>L(8)THENW$=B$:G0T0970
JC
•950 IFL(8)>L(7)THENW$=A$:G0T0970
JB
•960 IFL(7)=L(8)THENW$="TIE" •970 SYS850,23,16:PRINT"[c 3]"W$
AB JD
•980 F0RT=0TO600O:NEXT:POKEV+21,0
•990 PRINT"[CLEAR][8"[D0WN]"]"A$"
"L(7):
MM
PRINT NH •1000 PRINTB$" "L(8):PRINT EB ■1010 PRINT"THE WINNER WAS "W$:PRINT:PRIN T
HJ
■1020 PRINT"[YELLOW]PLAY AGAIN
•1030 GETJK$:IFJK$O""THEN1030
Y OR N"
•1040 GETR$:IFR$=""THEN1040 •1050 IFR$="Y"THEN50 •1060 END
• 1070 FORX=OTO24:POKES+X,0:NEXT:POKES+24,
DG
PD
LJ FG IC
15:POKES+5,8:POKES+6,255:POKES+4,85 AH •1080 F1=100:F2=230:FORX=1T080:POKES,F1:P
OF DN
•1090 F2=F2-2:F1=F1*.99:NEXT:POKES+6,15
JI
•1100 Y1=114:POKEV+13,Y1:X1=164:POKEV+8,X l:POKE2O45f192:POKE2O46,192:POKEV+ll,114 AE
•700 IFY1>150THENY1=110:POKE2046,192:GOTO •710 IFYK130ANDY1H22THENP0KE2046.193
JM
IC
• 670 IFMP>150THENP0KE2045,193:POKEV+11,12
2:X1=X1-7:GOTO69O
0790
BD
OKE2O44,201:POKES+15,F2:POKE2O44,194
LK NI
•1110 TM=TM+20:MP=50:SYS850,l,9:PRINTtl[3" "]":SYS85O,1,8:PRINT"[YELLOW]"MP •1120 D=PEEK(V+30) •1130 GOSUB1260:RETURN
U FI CP
MP):POKEV+13,Y1 GK •740 SYS49152:LP=LP+1:IFLP=6OTHENE=1:GOTO 220 BL
•1140 REM
IJ
•750 IFPEEK(V+3O)AND16THENGOSUB1O7O
•1170 POKES+5,85:P0KES+6,85:P0KES+12,85:P
•720 P0KEV+8,Xl:SYS850,l,9:PRINT"[3" "]": SYS850,l,8:PRINT"[YELL0W]"MP
• 730 POKEV+37,2:POKEV+38,1:TM=TM+INT(600/
108
AHOY!
IA
BJ
INITIAL FANFARE
•1150 F0RX=0T024:POKES+X,0:NEXT
PM
■1160 RESTORE
10
OKES+13,85:POKES+24,15:POKES+4,33
LA
•1180 POKES+11,17 •1190 FORX=0TO5
KH JO
■ 1480 POKEV+8,164:P0KEV+9,146:P0KEV+10,14 OtPOKEV+11,114 IL •1490 P0KE2046,192:POKEV+45,7:POKEV+12,15
7:P0KEV+13,H0
BG
-1200 READH1,N1,H2,N2:POKES+1,H1:POKES,N1 :P0KES+8,H2:P0KES+7,N2 AB
•1500 POKEV+21,127:D=PEEK(V+30)
•1210 IFH1=5OTHENFORT=OTO2OO:NEXT
LP
•1510 RETURN
IM
•1220 FORT=OT0100:NEXT:NEXT •1230 FORX=0TO24:P0KES+X,0:NEXT
ID PM
•1520 FORX=OTO5:READH1,N1,H2,N2:NEXT
ND
■1530 F0RX=49152T049528:READA:P0KEX,A:NEX
•1240 RETURN
IM
•1250 REM
CAR SOUND
PM
•1260 FORX=0TO24:POKES+X,0:NEXT
PM
•1270 POKES,251:POKES+1,05:P0KES+5,129:P0 KES+6,65:POKES+24,15:POKES+4,129:RETURN MJ -1280 REM
INITIALIZE PLAYING SCREEN
HM
T
LP
•1540 FORX=12288TO12926:READA:POKEX,A:NEX T
IH
•1550 FORX=828TO848:READA:POKEX,A:NEXT •1560 F0RX=850T0865:READA:P0KEX,A:NEXT •1570 DIML(8)
•1290 MP=5O:V=53248:S=54272:TM=O:X1=164:L
•1580 RETURN
P=0:E=0:Z=l:C$=A$:Yl=114 HD •1300 PRINT"[CLEAR]":POKE5328O,0:P0KE5328
•1590 REM
•1310 PRINTTAB(4)"[WHITE]MPH[WHITE]"MP;TA
•1610 DATA 50,60,37,162 •1620 REM SCROLL DATA
1,0
OD
B(21)"[WHITE]RACER [CYAN]"A$:PRINT •1320 PRINTTAB(7)"[RVS0N][c 7] "TAB(19)"
PH
[RVS0FF][4" "][
[RVS0FF][4" "][RVSON] [RVS0FF][5
11 "HRVSON] [RVS0FF][5" "][RVSON] [RVSOF
F][5" "][RVSON] " •1340 PRINTTAB(2)"[RVS0N]
] [RVSOFF]
N] [RVSOFF]
"][RVSOFF]
[RVSON]
[RVSON]
[RVSOFF]
[RVS0N][3"
[RVSON] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [R
[R
•1350 PRINT"[RVS0N][39" "]" •1360 PRINT"[7"[DOWN]"][CYAN][RVSON][39"
"]"
■1370 PRINTTAB(3)"[RVS0N][c 7]"A$;TAB(18)
"[CYAN]
10
[RVSON
VS0FF][3" "][RVSON] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] VS0FF][3" "][RVSON] "
"TAB(23)"[c 7]"B$
•1380 PRINTTAB(18)"[CYAN][RVSON]
JH
GO
GD AM CP
ON][CYAN] [RVSOFF]"TAB(23)"[c 7]LAP 2" OP -1400 PRINTTAB(3)"[c 7]LAP 3"TAB(18)"[RVS
ON][CYAN] [RVS0FF]"TAB(23)"[c 7]LAP 3" BB •1410 PRINT" [c 7]AVERAGE"TAB(18)"[RVS0N]
[CYAN] [RVSOFF] [c 7]AVERAGE" GN •1420 PRINTTAB(15)"[RVS0N][CYAN] WINNER "PC KEV+44,5
•1440 POKE204O,195:POKE2041,196:POKE2042, 197:P0KE2043,198:P0KE2044,194
FL EF
• 1450 POKE2045,192:POKEV+28,15:POKEV+29,1
27:P0KEV+23,15 GN • 1460 POKEV,104:POKEV+1,114:POKEV+2,56:PO KEV+3,138 CP
• 1470 POKEV+4,200:POKEV+5,114:POKEV+6,248 :P0KEV+7,138
2,31,165,50,60,37,162,42,62,31,165
ND
FA OJ GJ
GI
•1640 DATA 118,193,232,202,32,30,193,172, 121,193,173,119,193,201,2,208,10
EL
192,177,90,72,177,92,72,204
CN
•1660 DATA 116,193,240,20,200,177,90,72,1 77,92,136,145,92,104,145,90,200 CI •1670 DATA 204,116,193,208,238,240,18,136 ,177,90,72,177,92,200,145,92,104 AK ,173,119,193,201,0,208,5,104,104
KD
•1690 DATA 76,111,192,104,145,92,104,145, 90,236,117,193,208,160,96,172,116 OJ •1700 DATA 193,200,189,114,193,170,32,30,
193,173,120,193,201,2,208,19,136 OP ■1710 DATA 169,32,153,122,193,173,33,208,
153,162,193,204,115,193,208,239,240
KB
92,153,162,193,204,115,193,208,240
CE
•1720 DATA 16,136,177,90,153,122,193,177,
•1390 PRINTTAB(3)"[c 7]LAP 2"TAB(18)"[RVS
• 1430 POKEV+37,1:POKEV+38,2:POKEV+43, 2: PO
•1600 DATA 25,30,18,209,33,135,25,30,42,6
■1680 DATA 145,90,136,204,115,193,208,238
":PRINT
TABC3)"[c 7]LAP l"TAB(18)"[RVS0N][CYAN] [RVS0FF]"TAB(23)"[c 7]LAP 1"
KH
■1650 DATA 169,32,72,173,33,208,72,76,50,
[RVS0FF][4" "][RVSO
[RVSOFF]
IM FANFARE DATA
,192,188,114,193,140,121,193,174
BG
RVSON]
PA MM GD
•1630 DATA 174,114,193,224,3,144,3,76,117
":PRINTTAB(7)"[RVS0N] nTAB(19)" "TAB(31)
•1330 PRINTTAB(2)"[RVS0N]
FF
■1730 DATA 236,117,193,240,37,202,32,30,1 93,172,116,193,200,136,177,90,72 MG -1740 DATA 177,92,32,48,193,145,92,104,14 5,90,32,56,193,204,115,193,208 HJ •1750 DATA 234,236,117,193,208,221,240,46
,202,206,118,193,232,32,30,193,172
GF
0,20,172,115,193,136,200,185,162
DK
•1760 DATA 116,193,200,136,32,48,193,177, 90,72,177,92,32,56,193,145,92 IC •1770 DATA 104,145,90,204,115,193,208,234 ,236,118,193,208,221,238,118,193,232 AL ■1780 DATA 32,30,193,173,120.-193,201,0,24 •1790 DATA 193,145,92,185,122,193,145,90, 204,116,193,208,240,96,189,89,193 EP •1800 DATA 133,91,24,105,212,133,93,189,6 4,193,133,90,133,92,96,72,152 IA ■1810 DATA 24,105,40,168,104,96,72,152,56 ,233,40,168,104,96,0,40,80
LL
AHOYI
109
IMPORTANT I LeIIeis an wtlllG backgruurd ars Bug Repellent line codes Do not entei Ihoml Pages 93 and 94 explain these codes :ii ', I; lUn Inll I . and provide other Other ossential enterina dhov.'oroa rams. Refer !o essential information on entering Ahoy! programs. lo these nann« pages bi>lnm before nnmrinn entering anvnrnnrxin';! any programs!
•1820 DATA 120,160,200,240,24,64,104,144,
184,224,8,48,88,128,168,208,248 LK •1830 DATA 32,72,112,152,192,4,4,4,4,4,4, 4,5,5,5,5,5
JG
•1840 DATA 5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,7,7,7,7,7,2,0, 29,0,21,1,1
•1850 REM
SPRITE DATA
•1860 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,84,0,0,124,0,0,16,0,0,186,0
•2180 REM
IB
■2190 DATA 32,155,183,138,72,32,155,183,1 04,170,164,101,24,76,240,255 HG
128,3,255,128,3,57,128,3,17,128
BC
FRACTALS
FROM PACE 20 FRACTAL MAKER
EP
■1
JH
•2 REM
•1920 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,6,24,96,6,126,96,7,255,224 NK
•1930 DATA 6,126,96,6,24,96,0,60,0,248,12 6,31,248,231,31,248,195,31 10 •1940 DATA 255,195,255,255,195,255,248,25 5,31,248,126,31,248,24,31,248,0,31,0
JD
JK
■1890 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,16,0,0,186,0,0,255,0,0,146,0 GP •1900 DATA 0,56,0,0,124,0,3,108,128,3,41, •1910 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
GH
LD
■1870 DATA 0,255,0,0,146,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 KB ■1880 DATA 0,0
201,0,4,0,0,0,19,32,192,0,4,0,32,0,1
NC •2150 DATA 4,192,0,0,4,8,0,0,0 CP •2160 REM JOYSTICK DATA •2170 DATA 173,0,220,41,31,73,31,133,3,17 3,1,220,73,255,133,2,5,3,133,144,96 KJ
LJ
■3 •4 •5 •6
======= OM
REM ====
JD
REM
FRACTAL
REM
MAKER
BM
KC
C-128
REM
JD OH
RUPERT REPORT #40
REM
•7 REM ■8 REM ====
JD _=.BSS====.==SS===== OM
•1950 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,4,0,0,48,0,0,2 40,0,1,64,0,5,0,0,60,0,0,240,0,1,64,0 KM
•9 GRAPHIC 1,1
REM FIX BASIC BUG
■10 GOSUB 8000
REM DEFINE ALL VARIABLES FH
•1960 DATA 5,64,0,21,0,0,252,0,0,240,0,0,
■20 MEM=FRE(1)
REM FREE VARIABLE MEMORY MA
192,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 •1970 DATA 0,0,0,0
NG
REM BYTES PER POINT •30 BP=10 P2=2*PI : P0=PI/2 •40 PI-3.14159265 :REM ROUND OFF ■50 DEF FNR(X)=INT(X+.5)
JE
■90 REM ================— =============== 10
KN
•1980 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,15,0,0,21,0,0, 85,0,1,84,0,15,240,0,63,192,0,255,0
•1990 DATA 3,252,0,5,80,0,21,64,0,85,64,0 ,85,0,0,84,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 EH •2000 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0
PD EP
•2020 DATA 0,1,64,0,1,80,0,0,84,0,0,63,0, 0,15,0,0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 BD •2030 DATA 0,0,0,0,0 DH •2040 DATAO,0,0,192,0,0,240,0,0,84,0,0,85 ,0,0,21,64,0,15,240,0,3,252,0,0,255,0
BB GL
-2060 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0 PD •2070 DATA 0,0,0,192,0,0,16,0,0,12,0,0,12 ,0,0,1,64,0,0,192,0,0,192,0,0,192,0 BD
•2080 DATA 1,64,0,5,64,0,21,0,0,252,0,0,2 40,0,0,192,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
AH
■2090 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0 PD •2100 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,4,0,0,48,0,0,4 8,0,0,64,0,3,0,0,3,0,0,3,0,0,1,64
EJ
•2110 DATA 0,1,80,0,0,84,0,0,63,0,0,15,0, 0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 IH •2120 DATA 0,0,0,0 NG •2130 DATA 0,0,0,76,1,0,00,128,4,32,4,32, 0,48,0,8,0,0,0,32,48,80,0,130,3,12,0 KI •2140 DATA 0,0,4,32,0,128,0,36,0,0,0,192, 770
AHOY!
■500 GOSUB 5000 ■600 GOSUB 6000
:REM MENU :REM INITIALIZE
KH
MM KO FN
PG
:REM WINDOW SET-UP :REM GET GENERATOR :REM DRAW ALL LEVELS
NE HM GG
:REM SHOW MIN/MAX VALUES GH •700 PRINT"PRESS ANY KEY TOR MENU" PF •710 GETKEY K$ •800 RUN ■999 END
:REM BACK TO MENU
AM CM
:========================== IK
•2000 REM ======= INITIALIZATION ======= PA
•2050 DATA 0,63,192,0,5,80,0,1,84,0,1,85, 0,0,85,0,0,21,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
■100 GOSUB 9000 ■200 GOSUB 2000 ■300 GOSUB 3000 ■400 GOSUB 4000
•2010 DATA 0,0,0,192,0,0,16,0,0,12,0,0,15 ,0,0,1,64,0,0,80,0,0,60,0,0,15,0
GK
•2010 READ N,R :REM # LINE SEGMENTS, # HORIZONTAL DIVISIONS HN
•2020 ML=FNR(LOG(MEM/BP)/LOG(N)) LEVEL ■2030 NP=FNR(N[UPARROW]ML) 01NTS
:REM MAX :REM # P
AO PH
•2040 SS=NP/N :REM SAVE INCR. HB •2045 IF NP>6000 THEN ML=ML-1 : GOTO 2030 ON ■2050 DIM X(NP),Y(NP) ■2060 DIM DX(N),DY(N)
:REM POINTS :REM DELTAS
■2070 RETURN
KC JA
IM
•3000 REM ======= SET UP WINDOW ========= CH
■3010 GRAPHIC 2,1,23 :REM SPLIT SCREEN •3020 :REM VIEWPORT COORDINATES
EA JC
•3030 VL=O
CI
:
VR-320
:REM LEFT,RIGHT
•3040 VB=0 •3050 :REM
: VT=200 :REM BOTTOM,TOP WORLD COORDINATES
•3060 READ WL,WR,WB,WT
MK HG
:REM WORLD MIN,MAX CG
•3070 WL=WL/R : WR=WR/R •3080 WB=WB/R : WT=WT/R
CD FD
-3090 A=(VR-VL)/(WR-WL)
CM
•3100 B=VL-A*WL
OD
•3110 C=(VT-VB)/(WT-WB) •3120 •3130 •3140 •3150
D=VB-C*WB XN=1E38 : YN=XN XX=-1E38 : YX=XX RETURN
FK
:REM ACTUAL MIN :REM ACTUAL MAX
OD MO NM IM
•4000 REM ======= GET GENERATOR ======== PG •4010 REM — GENERATOR ENDPOINTS ~ HH •4020 X(0)=0 : Y(0)=0 •4030 X(NP)=1 : Y(NP)=O
LH NL
■4040 REM — GENERATOR MIDPOINTS — •4050 FOR J=SS TO NP-1 STEP SS
LI KG
-4060 READ X,Y
GJ
•4070 X(J)=X/R : Y(J)=Y/R
GI
•4080 NEXT J
MM
■4090 REM — CALCULATE DELTAS — •4100 FOR J=l TO N
MB JI
•4110 DX(J)=X(J*SS)-X((J-1)*SS) •4120 DY(J)=Y(J*SS)-Y((J-1)*SS)
DL CG
•4130 NEXT J •4140 RETURN
MM IM
•5000 REM ======= DRAW ALL LEVELS ======= JG
•5010 :FOR LEVEL=1 TO ML
■5020 IS=FNR(N[UPARROW](LEVEL-1)) M INIT # SEGS
•5030 FS=FNR(N[UPARROW]LEVEL) FINAL # SEGS
•5040 SR=NP/IS
:RE :REM
:REM READ INCREMENT
-5140 XR=X(SG) ■5150 DX=XR-XL
: :
■5190 ■5200 •5210 •5220 •5230 •5240 ■5250
•5360 X=XR :
Y=YR
HH HC DP MF
LI
•5370 GOSUB 7200
:REM CONVERT
GA
•5380 DRAW TO XP.YP :REM LAST SUBSEG PL •5390 XL=XR : YL=YR :REM NEXT SEG LEFT PT EK •5400 ::NEXT SG JC
•5410 IF LEVEL<ML THEN PRINT"PRESS ANY KE Y FOR -NEXT LEVEL-" BP •5420 IF LEVEL>=ML THEN PRINT"PRESS ANY K PJ EY FOR ACTUAL SCREEN SIZES" •5430 GETKEY K$ •5440 :NEXT LEVEL •5450 RETURN •6000 REM ======= DISPLAY MIN/MAX =======
AM EN IM MC
-6010 GRAPHIC 0,1
GK
•6020 PRINT "#" VS ": XMIN.XMAX.YMIN.YMAX
:" GA •6030 FM$-"[3"#ri].##[3" "] [3"#"] .##[3" "] [3"F'].##[3" "][3"#"].##" GH -6040 PRINT USING FM$;XN*R,XX*R,YN*R, YX*R FA -6050 RETURN
IM
-7010 REM — FIND SEGMENT ANGLE — ME •7020 IF DX=O THEN AN=PO-(DY<O)*PI : GOTO 7060 HD
DB
NJ
GA ML BD HK
SUBROUTINES
AC
•7030 AN=ATN(DY/DX)
CI
•7050 IF DY<0 THEN AN=AN+P2
LG
•7040 IF DX<0 THEN AN=AN+PI : GOTO 7060 ■7060 RETURN
JB IM
•7100 REM — FIND MIN/MAX VALUES —
BB
•7110 IF X<XN THEN XN=X
JH
-7120 IF X>XX THEN XX=X •7130 IF Y<YN THEN YN=Y
JN JF
•7140 IF Y>YX THEN YX=Y
JL
•7150 RETURN
IM
•7200 REM -CONVERT X,Y TO SCREEN COORDS - AN
10
:REM SEG LNTH. LP
01 DC
-7240 IF XP<VL THEN XP=VL
DA
:REM GET ANGLE El SN=SIN(P2-AN) DB
-7250 IF YP>VT THEN YP=VT
EK
•7260 IF YP<VB THEN YP=VB
CI
:REM RT. ENDPT OF :REM DELTAS JB
NDX=SG-SR :REM WRITE INDEX XO=XL : YO=YL :REM SEG. ORIGIN GET K$ : IF K$<>"" THEN GOSUB 7300 REM — STEP THRU EACH SUBSEGMENT ~ :::FOR SB=1 TO N-l V=XL+L*DX(SB) W=YL+L*DY(SB)
•5260 VO=V-XO : W0=W-Y0 •5270 X=V0*CS+WO*SN+X0
•5320 NDX=NDX+SS :REM INCR. WRITE INDEX •5330 X(NDX)=X : Y(NDX)=Y :REM SAVE PT •5340 XL=V : YL=W :REM NEXT LEFT PT •5350 :::NEXT SB
-7220 YP=200-C*Y-D •7230 IF XP>VR THEN XP=VR
•5160 L=SQR(DX*DX + DY*DY) :
:REM SAVE MIN/MAX BI
•7210 XP=A*X+B
YR=Y(SG) DY=YR-YL
•5170 GOSUB 7010 •5180 CS=C0S(P2-AN)
AL
•5310 GOSUB 7100
FP
:REM LEFT ENDPT. GC JE
GOSUB 7200 :REM CONVERT DRAW l.XP.YP :REM INITIAL PT. REM — STEP THRU EACH SEGMENT — ::FOR SG=SR TO NP STEP SR
•5300 DRAW TO XP.YP
•7000 REM
•5070 SCNCLR 2 : PRINT "#" VS ": LEVEL =" LEVEL "OF" ML "; # PTS. =" FS+1 LA
■5100 -5110 -5120 •5130
EJ PN
FM
•5050 SS=NP/FS :REM WRITE INCREMENT BK -5060 £$="" : GET K$ :IF K$<>"" THEN 5060 DJ
•5080 XL=X(O) : YUY(0) •5090 X=XL : Y=YL
•5280 Y=-VO*SN+WO*CS+YO :REM ...COORDS •5290 GOSUB 7200 :REM GET SCREEN PTS
CA GN AM FH IC OM OL
:REM TRANSLATE
JE
:REM ACTUAL ...
MG
•7270 RETURN
•7300 REM
IM
STOP OR CONTINUE
CH
■7310 PRINT "<O0NTINUE OR <M>ENU?" •7320 GETKEY K$
:
01
IF K$="M" THEN RUN
•7330 PRINT "#" VS ": LEVEL =" LEVEL "OF" ML "; # PTS. =" FS+1
■7340 RETURN
•8000 REM
NH
JC IM
DEFINE ALL VARIABLES — DK
•8010 X=0:Y=0:XL=0:YL=0:XR=0:YR=O;L=0:V=0 AHOYl
111
: W=0: VO-0: W0=0: CS=O: SN=O: N=0
NJ
■ 8020 X0=0:Y0=0:XP=0:YP=0:NDX=0;SS=0:SB=0 :XN=0:XX=0:YN=0:YX=0:A=0 CB •8030 B=0:C=0:D=0:VR=0:VL=0:VT=0:VB=0:DX=
0:DY=0:SG=0:AN=0:PI-0:VS=0
PP
•10400 REM - FRACTAL 4
AJ
•10420 DATA 7,3 •10440 DATA 0,3,-1.4,1.A
CC
•8040 WL=0:WR=0:WT=0:WB=0:J-0:IS=0:FS=0:S R=0:K$="":LEVEL=0: FM$=n" NB
•10520 DATA 7,3
•8050 RETURN
•10540 DATA -3,3.5,-1.5,4.9
IM
•9000 REM =====« MENU =============,== MB -9010 GRAPHIC 0,1
■9020 •9030 •9040 •9050
PRINTl. PRINT"2. PRINT"3. PRINTS.
EJ
•10560 •10580 •10600 ■10620
KG
■10640 DATA -.5,5,-.8,3
PN
CE
-10660 •10680 •10700 •10720
DO
•10740 DATA 0,5,-1.5,1.5
IM
•10760 DATA 1,0,
GK
TWIDDLES" ZIG-ZAG" PYRAMIDS" KITE TAIL"
AD
•9060 PRINT"5. BLUEPRINT"
AN
-9070 PRINT"6. ORTHOGONALITY"
CI
•9080 PRINT"7. DIADEM" •9090 PRINT"8. RORSCHACH" •9100 PRINT"9. LACE" -9110 NUMSEL=9 :REM # OF SELECTIONS
CM
•9120 PRINT
•9130 PRINT "SELECT AN ITEM # <Q> TO QUIT" •9WO GETKEY SS$
:
•9150 VS=VAL(SS$) -9160 IF VS<1 OR VS>NUMSEL THEN 9130
AJ
:REM SET READ PTR
CA IM
-9980 REM
ME IN
DATA STRUCTURE
•9990 REM -DO NOT CHANGE LINE NUMBERS•10000 REM
•10020 DATA N,R [% GENERATOR SEGMENTS, HORIZONTAL DIVISIONS] •10040 DATA XMIN, XMAX, YMIN, SIZE: XN, XX, YN, YX]
FH
REM - FRACTAL 1 DATA 8,4 DATA 0,4.2,-1.4,1 DATA 1.2,0, 1.2,.8, 2,-1, 3,-1
2
JD
AL CE KP
4,2,
2,0, 4,0
MH JD
AK BO NH
1,0,
2,-1 JD AN EP
2,1,
MF
2,0,
2.5,-1,
3 HF
•10880 REM -10900 REM - FRACTAL 9
JD AM
•10920 •10940 -10960 •10980
BI DO GO JD
DATA 5,3 DATA 0,3,-.5,2 DATA 1,0, 1,1, 2,1, REM
2,0
KC FI
•11020 GRAPHIC 1 -11040 BSAVE (FL$),P8192 TO P16191
#
YMAX [IMAGE
BB IF
•11060 GRAPHIC 0 AO -11070 PRINT "TO DISPLAY IMAGE, TYPE 'GOT
0 12[3"0"]' "
DA
•11080 END
IC
•12000 REM == DISPLAY IMAGE FROM DISK ==
DJ
LG
•12010 INPUT "DISPLAY WHAT FILE";FL$ •12020 GRAPHIC 1,1
DP GP
AE BO
1.8,.8,
1,0,
■11000 REM == SAVE IMAGE TO DISK == OC -11010 INPUT"SAVE IMAGE WITH WHAT FILENAM E";FL$ LG
JD
•10060 DATA XI,Yl, X2.Y2, ... [N-l GENER ATOR MIDPTS. OMIT 0,0 AND R,0 ENDPTS.] HC •10080 REM JD •10100 •10120 10140 •10160 1,0,
1,1,
CC IE CA
PL
DN
•9180 RESTORE DL
AI
3,-1, 4,0
•10860 DATA 1,0, 1,1, ,0, 3,1, 4,1, 4,0
FJ
2,0MB
1,-1,
JD
3,1, 4,0,
•10840 DATA 0,5,-1.4,1.4
:REM DATA LINE #
■9900 REM ==========«===========
2,1,
FA
•9170 DL=10000+VS*100 •9190 RETURN
DATA 1,1, 2,2, 3,2 REM REM - FRACTAL 7 DATA 9,5
KD
OR PRESS
IF SS$="Q" THEN END
,
1,0,
DATA 0,2, 2,2, 2,1, REM REM - FRACTAL 6 DATA 7,5
-10780 REM -10800 REM - FRACTAL 8 -10820 DATA 10,5
JJ
OH
•10460 DATA 1,0, 2,1, 2,0, •10480 REM •10500 REM - FRACTAL 5
1.8,0, OA
•12030 BLOAD (FL$)
AC
•10180 REM
JD
•10200 REM - FRACTAL 2 •10220 DATA 10,6
AH
•12040 GRAPHIC 0 •12050 END •13000 REM — HI-RES DUMP TO EPSON =====
AO IC MO
EO
•10240 DATA -.2,6.2,-3,2.2 10260 DATA 1,1, ,
2,-1,
•10280 10300 10320 10340
2,-2,
2,2,
3,1, 4,0,
3,-1,
DN
•13010 E$=CHR$(27)
CJ
■13020 OPEN 222,4 :PRINT#222,E$"A"CHR$(8) FB •13030 FOR COL=0 TO 39 HB
JD
•13040 FOR R0W=24 TO 0 STEP -1
MJ
•13050 M=8192+8*C0L+320*R0W
OD
•13060 FOR LNE=7 TO 0 STEP -1 •13070 A$=A$+CHR$(PEEK(M+LNE))
MH IB
•13080 NEXT LNE :
AJ
2,0
5,-1
REM REM - FRACTAL 3 DATA 8,4 DATA 0,4, -.5,1.5
AG BO
10
•10360 DATA 1,0, 2,0, 1,1, 2,1, 3,1, 2,0, 3,0 ■10380 REM
112
AHOY!
IN JD
: Nl=200 : N2=0 :A$=""JA
NEXT ROW
•13085 FOR DUP=1 TO 2 DG •13090 PRINT#222,E$"K"CHR$(N1)CHR$(N2)A$; DO
IMDHDTA MTI Letters on white background are Bug Repellent line codes. Do not enter them! Pages 93 and 94 explain these codes
IIVI r U It lt\n I ! and provide other essential information on entering Ahoy! programs. Refer to these pages before entering any programs!
•13095 PRINT#222,CHR$(141); PRINT#222
:
BC
•13100 A$="" : NEXT COL •13110 PRINT#222
:
CLOSE 222
■6400 DATA 32,201,128,144,4,201,160,144
NEXT DUP
:
END
BJ GL
FROM PACE 82
EM
■6408 DATA 24,72,173,67,25,240,17,16 •6416 DATA
IE
11,169,128,133,243,173,67,25
KN
■6424 DATA 41,1,240,4,104,9,128,72 •6432 DATA 104,76,121,239,17,24,41,24 •6440 DATA 83,24,69,88,84,79,70,198
MC JD BI
•6448 DATA 69,88,84,79,206,69,88,84 •6456 DATA 67,79,204,69,88,212,0,129
JH BC
•6464 DATA 0,1,128
NA
•10 BANK15:SUM=0:F0RI=6144T06466:READJ:P0
KEI, J :SUM=SUM+J: NEXT: IFSUMO32280THENPRI
NT"ERROR IN DATA":END
IK
LISf FORMATTER FROM PAGE 85
•20 SYS6144 •6144 DATA 160,5,185,36,25,153,12,3
HD 0G
■6152 DATA 136,16,247,169,0,141,67,25
DM
-6160 DATA 96,133,2,160,42,169,25,32
JI
•100 REM
-6168 •6176 -6184 •6192 •6200
HF PG HI FM FG
•110 S=5555:REM RELOCATABLE PROGRAM - 'S1 BK
DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA
226,67,144,7,105,166,162,0 24,144,3,56,165,2,76,33 67,201,43,144,4,56,76,205 81,56,233,39,170,160,255,202 48,8,200,185,42,25,16,250
-6208 DATA 48,245,200,185,42,25,48,6 •6216 DATA 32,12,86,76,66,24,41,127
KN GJ
•6224 •6232 -6240 •6248 •6256 ■6264 ■6272
KC OF BJ KG AP JG FK
DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA
76,46,81,201,43,176,16,201 39,240,44,201,40,240,12,201 41,240,62,201,42,240,121,56 76,169,75,169,255,133,216,169 0,141,0,255,169,91,141,17 208,169,253,141,38,3,169,24 141,39,3,32,128,3,96,169
LIST FORMATTER —SHAWN K.
SMITH ED
•120 PRINT:PRINT"[RVSON][CLEAR][D0WN]LIST
FORMATTER ";
■130 REM
CO
LIST FORMATTER ML CODE 64-BYTES AK
•140 DATA 173,007,003,201,028,144,006,169 FJ ■150 •160 •170 •180 •190 •200
DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA
203,162,021,208,004,169,081,162 081,141,006,003,142,007,003,096 008,201,058,208,026,036,017,048 022,169,013,032,012,086,162,000 189,000,001,240,008,169,032,032 012,086,232,208,243,169,058,201
EP LA Bf) MN LL CP
-210 DATA 143,208,002,133,243,040,234,076 PO •220 REM
POKE ML STARTING AT ADDR.
CHECK ML CODE FOR ERROR
'S'
01
•6280 DATA 0,133,216,141,0,255,169,27
EH
-230 FORD=STOS+63:READY:POKED,Y:T=T+Y:NEX T:T=T-6277:REMARKS ARE HIGHLIGHTED!!! AK
•6288 DATA 141,17,208,169,121,141,38,3
JC
•240 REM
•6296 DATA 169,239,141,39,3,32,128,3
•6304 DATA 96,32,128,3,240,84,160,0
LN
CO
•250 IF T THEN BEGIN: PRINT
•260 PRINT"[RVSON]? CHECKSUM ERROR IN DAT A ";
•6312 DATA 140,68,25,172,68,25,192,4
HI
•6320 DATA 176,72,32,244,135,72,169,0
JE
'270 PRINY'LINES 14O-21O":END:BEND
■6328 DATA 141,0,255,202,48,60,138,172
PA
■280 REM
•6336 DATA 68,25,153,33,208,200,140,68 -6344 DATA 25,104,201,0,240,14,201,58
CB DM
•6352 DATA 240,10,201,44,208,36,32,128 •6360 DATA 3,76,171,24,32,134,3,96 •6368 DATA 32,128,3,240,21,201,49,144
BB FC JD
■6376 DATA 17,201,53,176,13,41,3,168 •6384 DATA 185,63,25,141,67,25,32,128 •6392 DATA 3,96,76,108,121,201,32,144
KJ IE EJ
DL
FB CJ
OK
HANDLE PROGRAM RELOCATION
IM
■290 L=PEEK(774):POKED,L:POKES+14,L
LH
■300 ■310 ■320 ■ 330 '340
H=PEEK(775):POKED+1,H:POKES+16,H M=S+24:L%=M/256 POKES+1O,L%:POKES+8,M-256*L% SYS(S):PRINT"ENGAGED!":LIST230 PRINT"[RVSON]DIS/RE-ENGAGE: SYS"S
FM
GH DC
AC PC
■350 REM KEY5,"SYS"+STR$(S)+CHR$(13)
EK
■360 NEW : SAVE IT BEFORE U RUN IT!!!!!
GN
New number for program help:
212-239-6089
(If busy or no answer after three rings, call 212-239-0855) This new direct line to the Ahoy! technical department will provide readers typing in Ahoy! programs with the fastest possible assistance. AHOY!
113
NEWS R.M. Harris (see address list, page
Continued from page 14
14).
TAX UPDATI C-64 users can take advantage of the old tax laws one last time with the 1986 version of Swijhnx ($49.95). The program prompts you through
AMIGA MUSIC PROGRAMS Two music makers for the Amiga from Electronic Arts: Instant Music ($49.95) utilizes ar tificial intelligence by incorporating into the score a musical template that
every step of the process and checks
alternatives to calculate the lowest possible tax you can pay. Supported are the most common schedulesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;
key and tempo. The user can make
A,BÂŁ,D,G,SE,W, and Form 2441-
music in real time along with the
the totals from which can be integra ted into Forms 1040, 1040A, or 1040EZ. Information can be printed onto tax forms or blank paper. Timeworks, 312-948-9200 (see ad
computer, playing the fourth instru
dress list, page 14).
keeps the composer within his chosen
ment or voice while the computer Updated to prepare '86 tax return. READER SERVICE NO. 156
plays the other three. Deluxe Music Construction Set
($99.95) supplies input, editing, and Porter's Personal Financial Planner. Timeworks, 312-948-9200 (see ad dress list, page 14).
supports extended memory for longer
TEACHER'S AID Lesson Master ($59.95) allows teachers to develop courseware with
songs. The Main Sequencer and Song
out programming knowledge. The
notation tools for easy composing. As the music is played back, the notes of the score flash and an onscreen pi ano follows along. Instruments and styles can be changed within each staff as desired, and playback speed can be set at 1 to 240 beats per min ute. Files can be transferred to the
Mode sections now send and receive
Authoring module includes a char
program from Instant Music.
MIDI Song Position Pointer, an aid in writing film and TV scores or jin gles synced to videotape. Passport Designs, Inc., 415-7260280 (see address list, page 14).
acter shape editor, sprite shape ed
Electronic Arts, 415-571-7171 (see address list, page 14).
MIDI SEQUENCER The Master Tracks Pro MIDI se
quencer ($299.95), a C-128 update of Passport
Designs' Master Tracks,
WORD WRITER UPGRADE Vbrd miter 3 ($49.95) includes all
itor, sprite animator, sound and mu sic editor, and lesson screen editor. The Presenter module lets the student play back a lesson without the little cheat being able to modify it. The File Manager module includes the usual management functions, with the
the features of the original C-64 word
capability to generate lesson sum
processor and adds an 85,000 word
mary, student progress, and master
8 DIP switches (including an auto
spell checker, a thesaurus with over
file reports.
60,000 synonyms and antonyms, an outline processor, 80-column print
answer disable switch to prevent the modem from answering the phone
2891 (see address list, page 14).
Small Systems Software, 304-737-
preview mode, highlighting feature,
MODEM The TCM-1200H Hayes Compati ble Modem for the C-64 and 128 ($179.95) features auto-select 300/
1200 baud and
originate
answer
modes, 8 LED status indicators, and
when not in use). Besides supporting the full set of Hayes AT commands,
headers and footers, programmable "Swiftkeys," and GEOS compatibility.
PLUS/4 JOYSTICK CABLES
the modem is Bell 212 and CCITT
Interface cables that will connect
V.22 compatible. C-64 and C-128
The program can be used alone or
standard Commodore joysticks to the
software are included.
interfaced with Timeworks' Data Manager 2, Swiftcalc, and Sylvia
Plus/4 are available for $10 each, pos tage included, from R.M. Harris.
Trans Com, Inc., 312-543-9055 (see address list, page 14).
...COMING IN THI MAY ISSUE OF AHOY! (ON SALE MARCH 3D...
114
AHOY!
THE LEADING C64 WORD PROCESSOR JUST GOT BETTER! No Brag. Just Fact. WORD WRITER 3 has more features, more power, and is easier-to-use than any other C64 word processor.
And now the facts! We've added:
Word Writer 3
• An 85,000-Word Spell Checker - plus, unlimited
interfaces with Timeworks'
sub-dictionaries.
• An Integrated Thesaurus with over 60,000 synonyms and alternatives. • An Integrated Outline Processor that quickly organizes notes, facts, and ideas into a convenient outline format.
other C64 programs for a complete
Productivity System:
• An 80-Column Print Preview Mode
• Highlighting: Prints out your text incorporating
underlining, boldface, italics, superscript, subscript, and more.
• Headers and Footers
• Automatic Program Set-Up: Configures WORD WRITER 3 to your choice of printer codes, screen colors, and more.
• SwiftKeys' access commands quickly, using a minimum of keystrokes. • ... and much, much more!
You Get Free, Ongoing Technical Support Rest assured. When you show your support by
buying Timeworks soflware, we never stop show ing ours. That's why our twelve Customer Support Technicians have been giving our T.L.C. (Technical Loving Care) for over four years. And, all our programs have a Money Back Guarantee"
• DATA MANAGER 2 Report w,itcr A highly flexible filing and recordkeeping system that stores, retrieves, sorts, evaluates, and updates large amounts of information. Includes; Report Writing, Graphics, Statistics, and Label Making capabilities.
• SWIFTCALC sldcwnys
A powerful, surprisingly easy-to-use electronic spreadsheet for home and business use. Plus,
with Sideways, prints all your columns on one, continuous sheet - sideways!
• PARTNER 64 A cartridge-based product with eight instantly accessible desktop accessories. PARTNER oper ates "concurrently" with your other C64 software programs.
Available for Commodore 64/128' Computers (64K, 40 Column)
Suggested Retail List Prices:
More power for your dollar Timeworks, Inc. 444 Lake Cook Road Deerfield, Illinois 60015 312-948-9200 " Details on ovwy Timowoiks package ' RogislocflO Iradcrnarks of Commodore Eloclronics. Ltd . Timeworks. Inc.. Bnikeloy Soflwoihs. me E
1983 Timeworks. me All Rights Fosorvod
He«l«r Strvlci No. 139
WORD WRITER 3 DATA MANAGER 2
$49.95 $39.95
SWIFTCALC
$39.95
PARTNER 64
$59.95
Now at your favorite dealer, or contact Timeworks today. To Order Call 1-800-535-9497
WE EXECUTiVEQIS Two, new 18 hole couraos lo\
wlthl&EADER BOARD. Trees! sand traps, rough, 'water hail 519.95
CG4/126ONLY
IncreasQi the power ot your C64 and
1541 drive. Loads programs up to 500% taster. Adds easy-to-use DOS commands.
$34.95
CM
DISK HI Our new 18 hole courses tor
use with LEADER BOARD. $19.95 CS4/128, AMIGA ATARI ST. ATARI(48K)
All the power ot MACH 5
C128 and C64. Features 64 and 128
select switch, warp drive and more! $49.95
C64 and C128
LEADER BOARD Pro Golf Simulator
S39.95 CM/126, AMIGA, '
if\
.iWWtL:
Pro Bowling Simulator
ATARI ST. ATARIf48K)
h
"This game is simply amazing—there's n CO
lk and tool' ol ro.il bawlin_ ight players including
play.
"...the next best thing to a sunny day on the fairways.^"-
$39.95
AHOY MAGAZINE
CM/C120
(Coming toon tor ATARI ST
"...the sports simulation of the year, if not the decade!"
AMIGA)
ZZAPI 64 (U.K.)
BEACHHEAD, BEACHHEAD II RAID OVER MOSCOW
j
Three best selling, award winning classiest All for one incredible low price.
ROSO"
$19.95
CW/I2B, APPLE2+/E/C.
ATARI 48K
rrta ullirTTnnimiar riotv ess
projects and control mem w compolor
JJ49.S5 CM/12S (Coming lor Appl*At»rl.l8M)
If you < av\ \ Mnrl our produclft *t your UnM dejikr. you • Ail order rllrctt.
Attention Dealers!
lor (.1,-il ortltri. rn<lo«c chctk or money order, pluk \ 1.00 * hipping *nrl runf1tlng< And tpetlf y m^chlrw wtnlon dctlrrd. Oriter by phone on VISA. Metier Crutgt or C.O.O. by <«lllns <BOI) 19B-9077. ACCISS SOflWAH. INC. 1561 Soulhl560We><
II you wish id be included on our dealer lisi for new produci Information and special
promotional
call I-(800) 824-2549
material,
pluase p-i :— 'i'.'i -• No
; j!
Wood* Cidh, in B40S7