Cosmetic and Medicinal Applications of Hibiscus Rosa Sinesis for the Management of Various Diseases

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 6 Issue 5, July-August 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50103 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1813

Cosmetic and Medicinal Applications of Hibiscus Rosa Sinesis for the Management of Various Diseases: A Review

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

Figure No.1 Hibiscus rosa sinensis Plant

KEYWORDS: Hibiscus Rosa sinensis, Herbal plants, Traditional drug

Forthousandsof years,naturehasprovidedmedicinal agents,andan incredible number of modern medications have been isolated from natural sources, many of which are based on their use in traditional medicine. Over 50 % of all modern clinical drugs are of natural origin and play an important role in drug development programs in the pharmaceutical industry. The Hibiscus is easily available plant. This article focuses on the various applications of this plant for the treatment of various ailments.

ABSTRACT

Meenakshi Verma1, Pravin Kumar2, Mahendra Singh Ashawat3 1Research Scholar, 2Associate Professor, 3Director cum Principal, 1, 2, 3Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, kathog, Himachal Pradesh, India

1. INTRODUCTION [1].Herbal plants are useful in the prevention and treatment of human ailments. Plants have been used as a kind of traditional medicine for thousands of years.[2].Plants, on the other hand, are thought to be rich suppliers of phytochemical compounds, which enable them to have medical benefit.[3].The pharmacological effects of medicinal plants have culture.andTheIndianThemedicationsmedical[4].Forbeenplantscentury.forbeenidentifiedasaprospectivefuturedrug/medicinehealthcaremanagementinthetwenty-firstBecauseoftheabundanceofmedicinalthatnaturehasbestoweduponus,ourlandhasdubbedthe"MedicinalGardenoftheWorld."manyyears,theyhavehadasourceofcompounds,andanuntoldnumberofhavebeenisolatedfromnaturalsources.clinicalapplicationofplantsdescribedintheVedasforthetreatmentofvariousailments.traditionalmedicalsystemiswidelyrecognisedusedbypeopleallaroundtheworldintoday's[5]

Meenakshi

AttributiontermsdistributedOpenJournal.ScientificInternationalCopyrightwww.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50103.pdf1818,2022,Issue-5,6470,(ijtsrd),andScientificofInternationalDiseases:forApplicationsAshawatVerma|PravinKumar|MahendraSingh"CosmeticandMedicinalofHibiscusRosaSinesistheManagementofVariousAReview"PublishedinJournalTrendinResearchDevelopmentISSN:2456-Volume-6|Augustpp.1813-URL:©2022byauthor(s)andJournalofTrendinResearchandDevelopmentThisisanAccessarticleundertheoftheCreativeCommonsLicense(CCBY4.0)

How to cite this paper:

For many years, they have had a source of medical compounds, and an untold number of medications have been isolated from natural sources. Traditional medicines are recommended by the WHO as safe treatments for both microbial and non-microbial

IJTSRD50103

2.1. Collection of the plant material Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn leavesweretakenfroma backyard garden. It is harvested in India throughout the months of November and December.

B. Binder [15].ChittaSureshKumaret al.debatedtheeffectsof Hibiscus rosa sinensis mucilage as a binder in diclofenac sodium matrix tablets. Mucilage from hibiscus leaves was employed in this investigation. The mucilage of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves was found to offer important properties for the sustained release of diclofenac sodium. [16].Prakash Pawan et al, discuss about the Hibiscus rosa sinensis as a binder in a sustained release medicinedeliverysystem. Inthisstudy,themucilage was combined with diclofenac sodium matrix tablets to determine the formulation's release retardant releasetheeffects[17].Gaudaactivity.Harikrishnakasanietal.weredisputedtheofHibiscusrosasinensisleavesmucilageinformulationofpropranololhydochloridesustainedfloatingmatrixtabletsHibiscusrosasinensisisusedasthematrixformingmaterialinthisexperiment.

thiamineflavonoids,sinensis.[19].Vitamins,tannins,Alkaloids,sterculicalcohols,taraxerylacetate,andisolateddiglucoside,ofcyanidin-3,5-digluosideflower.Quercetin-3-diglucoside,thiamine[18].Flavonoids,ascorbicacid,niacin,riboflavin,andareallfoundintheHibiscus3,7-diglucoside,andwereisolatedfromtheovarywhiteflowers.Quercetin-3-diglucoside,3,7-andcyanidin-3,5-digluosidewerefromtheovaryofwhiteflowers.TheleavesstemofHibiscuscontain-Sitasterol,stigmasterol,fattyacids,fattyandhydrocarbons.Malvalicacidandacidaretwocyclicacidsdiscovered.glycosides,fattymaterials,resins,sterols,andSaponinsareallfoundinHibiscusrosacyanidin,diglucoside,ascorbicacid,niacin,riboflavin,andwerestudiedintheHibiscusflower.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

4. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50103 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1814 illnesses.[6].They also say that traditional health and folk medicine systems have been shown to be more effective in the treatment of health problems around the world, and that India is one of the best national blessed countries with a rich legacy and diverse variety of life.[7].Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha are three Indian medical systems that utilise herbs and natural resources in their formulations.

1.1. Origin and Distribution [8].Hibiscus rosa sinensis is a Malvaceae family attractive plant that was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus.The blossoms were originally used to clean shoes in Jamaica and certain African countries, earning them the nickname "Shoe-flower."[9].They are said to have originated in China, but are currently foundin IndiaandthePhilippines.ThisisaMalaysian natural flower. In Africa and other tropical regions, the Hibiscus has a long history of use. [10].Sachets and fragrances have been made with their blossoms. Northern Nigerians have used this shrub to treat constipation. Jams, jellies, cold and warm teas,anddrinksareall madewiththefleshyred cancer.consumedclassifiedtreatmentrosellecalyx.Torelievetheirthirst,peopleinThialanddrinkjuice.ItiscommonlyusedinEgyptfortheofheartandneurologicalproblemsandisasadiuretic.[11].InIran,sourteaisforthetreatmentofhypertensionaswellas

3. PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVITY OF HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS. A. Super disintegrant [14]. Swathi S et al. investigated the impact of Hibiscus Rosa sinensis mucilage as a super disintegrant infast-dissolvingtabletsemployingboth readily and poorly soluble drugs. They employed levofloxacin as poorly soluble medication and rapid dissolving tablets of freely soluble tramadol hydrochloride. They compared two superdisintegrants, in this study: one is a natural superdisintegrant like mucilage isolated from superdisintegrantHibiscusrosasinensis,andtheotheroneisasyntheticlikecroscarmellosesodium,usingvariedconcentrations.Weinformfromourresearchthatrapiddissolvingtabletsmadewithmucilagehavebetterdisintegratingpropertiesthansyntheticsuperdisintegrants.

2.2. Extraction [12].Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves were washed and dried. Mucilage is completely released in water after soaking crushed leaves in water for 5-6 hours and then boiling for 30 minutes. 8 fold muslin towels were used to extract the marc from the solution. To precipitate the mucilage, three times the volume of acetone was added. The dry powder was obtained by heating it to over 50 degrees Celsius and sieving it (number 80). Dried powder mucilage was characterizedforvariousphysicochemical properties like percentage yield, particle size, swelling index, angle of repose etc.[13]. After electrophoresis, the mucilage recovered from Hibiscus plant leaves was homogeneous. It contains an acidic polysaccharide and has anti-complementary properties.

• Prevents premature greying of the hair [20].It contains antioxidants and vitamins that are required for the formation of melanin, the pigment that gives hair its unique colour. Hibiscus is mentioned in both ancient Ayurveda and modern scienceasanatural haircolourformaskinggreyhair.

• Anticonvulsant properties [28]Birari RBandAnoopS,et al.present information on the anticonvulsant effect of ethanolic extracts of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower.Accordingtobioassay guided fractionation, the anticonvulsant activity was found in the acetone soluble component of the toethanolicethanolicextractofHibiscusrosasinensisflower.TheextractofHibiscusrosasinensiswasfoundhaveconsiderableanticonvulsantefficacy.

In our research, we discovered that hibiscus extracts can be used to cure baldness. Hibiscus is said to be a safe technique to regrow hair. The use of hibiscus is just asbeneficial asbaldnessmedications.Apartfrom beingsimilarlyeffective, Hibiscusdoesnotcauseany bad side effects that these medicines produce.

• Promotes the growth of new hair [21].Hibiscus flowers contain amino acids that aid to manageable.overallmakingbuildingacidsnourishhairandencouragehairgrowth.Theseaminomakekeratin,astructuralproteinthatistheblockofhair.Keratinbindsthehairtogether,itlesspronetobreakage.Italsoincreasesthethicknessofthestrands,makingthehairmore

Brightening of the skin [25].Purehibiscuspowderishighinantioxidantsandimprovesthecomplexionoftheskinbybreakingdowndeadskincells.Itcontainsallofthenecessary

FIGURE NO.2 PARTS OF A HIBISCUS PLANT

FOR SKIN • Toner for the skin Hibiscus powder helps to balance out skin tone while also reducing hyperpigmentation and ageing spots. plant.exfoliatingmoreHibiscushelpstospeedupcellturnover,resultinginaeven-lookingskintone,thankstotheslightimpactoftheorganicacidsfoundinthe •

• Colouring of the hair [23].It's a natural hair colour that, when combined with mehendi or methi dana, results in lustrous black hair. It may also be used as a hair dye for grey hair, and when mixed with coffee powder, it produces a rich brown colour that is quite attractive.

• Anti-aging

FOR EYE [24]It is also used to produce blacken the eye and eyebrows.

• Prevents the beginning of baldness

• Anticonvulsant properties [28]Birari RBandAnoopS,et al.presentinformation on the anticonvulsant effect of ethanolic extracts of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower.Accordingtobioassay guided fractionation, the anticonvulsant activity was found in the acetone soluble component of the ethanolicextractofHibiscusrosasinensisflower.The

UVtreatment[25].Hibiscusishighinantioxidants,whichaidintheofskindamagecausedbydust,pollutants,rays,anddiseases.

• Hydrated skin [26].Consumption of hibiscus tea aids in the hydration of the skin. This is great news for skin that skinisthirstyformoistureandhydration.''Moisturizeyourtohelpitretainhydrationandsuppleness'.

A. MEDICINAL APPLICATIONS

• Antibacterial properties [27]Al-Hashimi et.al discussed about the antimicrobial activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis from the leaf extract. The floral extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis was found to be effective against human infections in this investigation. They assessed antibacterial activityusingthediscandagardiffusion methods. The extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis was found to have a considerable antibacterial effect.

• Extensive conditioning [22].Hibiscus flower and leaves contain a lot of mucus, which functions as a natural conditioner, so wemayuseit insteadofshampootonourishyourhair and restore its natural moisture management.

antioxidants to fight ageing indications and helps a woman appear much younger than her actual age.

• Antioxidant properties [30].The crude extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis showed antioxidant potential, according to Rajesh mandate. Various antioxidants include butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated, and tocoferol. Radical chemicals that are used as a reference. Standard oxidants like BHA, BHT, and tocoferol, on the other hand, limit at a concentration of 60 µg/ml. The crude extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis was used to extract natural antioxidants,andthefindingswerepromising

• Anti- anxiety activity [36].Khan Mohammad Junaid et al. described the anxiety-inducing exploratory and locomotar activity of Hibiscus plant. It is a medicinal plant with a cooling and soothing effect. From the result the difference is obtained that the ethanolic extract showed better performance in comparison to chloroform extract.Both extractshadnoeffect onthe urinationanddefecationofanimals.Accordingtotheresultthisplantshowedanti-anxietyactivity

• Anxiolytic properties [32].Using a methanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower with anthocyanidins, P Shewale et al investigated the effect of anxiolytic action in mice. They determined that the methanolic extract and anthocyanidins had potential anxiolytic action andthroughinvolvingdopamine,nonadrenalin,serotonin,gammaaminobutyricacidprocedure.

• The wound-healing process [34].B.Shivnanda Nayak et al used hibiscus rosa sinensis, which has wound healing potential, in their investigation on Sprague dawley rats. Hibiscus rosa sinensis ethanolic extract was employed. When compared to control animals, those treated with ethanolic extract of Hibiscus plant had an 86 percent reduction in wound area.

ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis was found to have considerable anticonvulsant efficacy.]

• Antipyretic properties [33].Sawarkar. A.R et al investigated the impact of Hibiscus rosa sinensis as an antipyretic.n rats, Using the leaves of this plant and the wistar rat, the antipyretic activity was determined. To lower the elevated temperature, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of plant were employed and compared with the control group.

• Anti-diabetic properties [37]. Hibiscus tea may help persons with diabetes control their blood pressure. In addition, research suggests that hibiscus may aid in the reduction of insulin resistance.

6. CONCLUSION

According to the information gathered, the Hibiscus flower is still used as a popular herbal cure in many nations throughout the world. It may become more widely acknowledged as an effective treatment as a research country. The polysaccharides in the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis mucilage are abundant, and they have excellent physicochemical qualities such as a neutral pH, a

• Anti-inflammatory properties [31].Vivek tomar et al elucidates the anti inflamatory activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis. Hibiscus rosa sinensis is used to treat a variety of inflammatory disorders,includingblenorrhea, asthmaticbronchitis, and oral mucosa irritation. The methanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves was employed for antimedicationandinflammatoryemployedinflammatoryproperties.Variousanimalmodelswereinthisinvestigationtoassessforactivity.Dextrancausesinflammation,indomethacinwasusedasaconventionalagainstcarrageenan.

• Analgesic Effects [29]Alka Sawarkar et al investigated the analgesic effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were produced from the dried leavesofHibiscusrosasinensisinarecent study.The analgesic effect of this extract is dosage dependant. The extractability percentage in the leaves was discovered to be 20%.

• Fertility and contraception [38].Kholkute SD and Mudgal V, talked about using Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract for fertility and contraception, only the flower has anti-fertility activity. The antifertility effect changes with the season.Antifertilityactivitywashighest inthewinter and lowest in the summer. The plant had an effect on bothfemaleandmalefertility. Flowerextractshelpto boost endocrine function and sperm production. The flower extract causes various alterations in the rat, such as a reduction in the weight of the testis, Hibiscusmedicineofreproductiveorgans,andpituitaryglands.Theactivitytheaccessorysexorgansresumedoncethewasstopped,confirmingthefunctionofplantasanantifertility.

• Anabolic effect [35].Olagbende-Dada et al. elevated the anabolic action of Hibiscus leaf extract. Because they are involved in protein synthesis, aphrodisiac herbs have anabolic activity and hence boost male sexual capacity. Because its qualities are similar to those of androgen, a male hormone, it is also known as an androgenic plant. The aphrodisiac action of Hibiscus rosa sinensis cold aqueous extract has been documented.

[17] Gouda KH, Kishore VS, Balaji N, Kumar VV, Raghuram N. Development and Evaluation of Propranolol Hydrochloride Floating Matrix Tablets Using Combination of Natural and Synthetic Polymers. Magnesium. 2011; 286(206): 126.

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50103 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1817 higher swelling index, good flow properties, and a tiny particle size. Apart from their incredible health advantages, they're also employed in a variety of medicines and home remedies for skin and hair issues. They have a wide range of medicinal and pharmacological effects.

[7] Sen S, Chakraborty R. Revival, modernization and integration of Indian traditional herbal medicine in clinical practice: Importance, challenges and future. J Tradit Complement Med. 2017; 7(2): 234–44.

[19] Ferdous M. Preparation of a functional cosmetic containing natural herb for many dermatological application. Daffodil International University; 2018. [20] Kaur L,SinghAP,SinghAP,KaurT.Areview on herbal cosmetics. Int J Pharm Drug Anal. 2021; 196–201.

REFERENCES

[10] DasS,DasA,NirmalaV, VasanthR,BindhuJ. Molecular characterization of hibiscus rosa Man-MadesinensisanditsantibacterialactivityontextilesTextIndia.2021;49(1).

[11] Da-Costa-Rocha I, Bonnlaender B, Sievers H, Pischel I, Heinrich M. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. –A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Food Chem. 2014; 165: 424–43. [12] Bala R,MadaanR,Vibhu A,AroraS. Isolation and Evaluation of Hibiscusrosa-sinensis leaf mucilage as superdisintegrant. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2016; 3: 430–4.

[4] Kumar P, Kumar V, Lavania P, Gupta G, Tomar RS, Dobriyal M, et al. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE ACADEMY.

[24] Palaniswamy UR. Purslane-Hibiscus.

[6] Hassan A, Rahman S, Deeba F, Mahmud S. Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts having hepatoprotective effects. J Med Plants Res. 2009; 3(1): 20–3.

[5] Shakya AK. Medicinal plants: future source of new drugs. Int J Herb Med. 2016; 4(4): 59–64.

[9] Magdalita PM, San Pascual AO. Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis): Importance and Classification. Floric Ornam Plants. 2020; 1–44.

[2] Abuajah CI, Ogbonna AC, Osuji CM. Functional components and medicinal properties of food: a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2015; 52(5): 2522–9.

[18] Formulation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles In-vitro.ContainingHibiscusrosa-sinensis(L.)Extract.2021;88(115.92):21–99.

[13] SHIMIZU N, TOMoDA M, SUZUKI I, TAKADA K. Plant Mucilages. XLIIL1) A Representative Mucilage with Biological [14] Swathi S, Neeharika V, Lakshmi PK. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of freely and poorly soluble drug with natural and synthetic super disintegrants. Drug Invent today. 2011; 3(10).

Springer;Bioindustryplants.basedphytopharmacology:productvalidationprocessontraditionalknowledgeofmedicinalIn:Agricultural,ForestryandBiotechnologyandBiodiscovery.2020.p.331–53.

[15] Res.SinensisreleaseevaluationAhadHA,KumarCS,KumarK.DesigningandofDiclofenacsodiumsustainedmatrixtabletsusingHibiscusRosa-leavesmucilage.IntJPharmSciRev2010;1(2):29–31.

[21] Russel K. Yoga for Hair Growth. INNER LIGHT PUBLISHERS; 2012.

[1] Hosseinzadeh S, Jafarikukhdan A, Hosseini A, Armand R. The application of medicinal plants intraditional andmodernmedicine: areviewof Thymus vulgaris. Int J Clin Med. 2015; 6(09): 635.

[3] Mussin J, Giusiano G. Ethno–

[8] Riyaz T, Riat AK. Effects of Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Cymbopogon citratus against aphids: a review. Plant Arch. 2021; 21(1): 2317–22.

[16] Prakash P, Porwal M, Saxena A. Role of natural polymers in sustained release drug delivery system: application and recent approaches. Int Res J Pharm. 2011; 2(9): 6–11.

[23] Shahi Z, Mehrizi MK, Hadizadeh M. A review of the natural resources used to hair color and haircareproducts.J Pharm Sci Res.2017;9(7): 1026.

[22] Singh N, Pandey MK, Sharma A, Prakash J. Indian medicinal plants: For hair care and cosmetics. World J Pharm Sci. 2014; 1552–6.

[34] Shivananda Nayak B, Sivachandra Raju S, Orette FA, Chalapathi Rao A V. Effects of Wounds.SpraguehealingHibiscusrosasinensisL(Malvaceae)onwoundactivity:apreclinicalstudyinaDawleyrat.IntJLowExtrem2007;6(2):76–81.

[35] Olagbende-Dada SO, Ezeobika EN, Duru FI. Anabolic effect of Hibiscus rosasinensis Linn. leaf extracts in immature albino male rats. Nig Q J Hosp Med. 2007; 17(1): 5–7.

[36] Junaid KM, Amber V, Manju S, Deependra S. Acute and chronic effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower extract on anxiety induced exploratory and locomotor activity in mice. J Plant Sci. 2011; 6(2): 102.

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50103 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1818 [25] Sim YY, Nyam KL. Application of Hibiscus cannabinus L. (kenaf) leaves extract as skin whitening and anti-aging agents in natural cosmeticprototype. IndCropsProd.2021;167: 113491

[32] Shewale P, Langade P, Nirwane A, Patil R. Anxiolytic-Like Activity of Hibiscus RosaSinensis Flowers in Experimental Animals: Involvement of Neurotransmitters. Inven Impact Ethnopharmacol. 2011.

[37] Venkatesh S, Thilagavathi J. Anti-diabetic activity of flowers of Hibiscus rosasinensis. Fitoterapia. 2008; 79(2): 79–81.

[38] Kholkute SD, Mudgal V, Udupa KN. Studies on the antifertilitypotentialityof Hibiscus rosa sinensis. Planta Med. 1977; 31(01): 35–9

[26] Yang J-E, Ngo HTT, Hwang E, Seo SA, Park SW, Yi T-H. Dietary enzyme-treated Hibiscus syriacus L. protects skin against chronic UVBinduced photoaging via enhancement of skin hydration and collagen synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2019; 662: 190–200 [27] Al-Hashimi AG. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extracts. African J Food Sci. 2012; 6(21): 506–11. [28] Birari RB, Anoop S, Giri IC, Namrata S, Shaikh MI, Ajay S. Evaluation of anticonvulsant activityof Hibiscus rosa sinesis flower extracts. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2010; 1(5): 83–8. [29] Sawarkar A, Jangde CR, Thakre PD, Kadoo R, Shelu S. Analgesic Activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn in Rat. Vet world. 2009; 2(9). [30] Rajesh M, Sreenivas SA, Sakarkar DM, Choudhury A. Radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Hibiscus rosasinensis extract. African J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011; 5(17): 2027–34. [31] Tomar V, Kannojia P, Jain KN, Dubey KS. AyurvedaofAntinoceceptiveandanti-inflammatoryactivityleavesofHibiscus–rosasinensis.IntJResPharm.2010;1(1):201–5.

[33] Sawarkar AR, Jangade CR, Thakre PD, Sonkusale PM, Jumde P. Anti-pyretic activity of hibiscus rosa sinensis linn, in rats. Indian J F Vet. 2011; 6(4): 49–51.