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Petrea volubilis L.

Accepted
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
Petrea volubilis
🗒 Synonyms
synonymPetrea amazonica Moldenke
synonymPetrea arborea f. albiflora Standl.
synonymPetrea arborea f. broadwayi (Moldenke) Moldenke
synonymPetrea arborea Kunth
synonymPetrea arborescens Archer ex Moldenke, pro syn.
synonymPetrea aspera f. albiflora Moldenke
synonymPetrea aspera Turcz.
synonymPetrea atrocoerulea Moldenke
synonymPetrea colombiana Moldenke
synonymPetrea erecta G.Lodd., nom. nud.
synonymPetrea fragrantissima Rusby
synonymPetrea kohautiana C.Presl
synonymPetrea kohautiana f. alba (G.F.Freeman & W.G.Freeman) Moldenke
synonymPetrea kohautiana var. anomala Moldenke
synonymPetrea kohautiana var. pilosula Moldenke
synonymPetrea mexicana Willd. ex Cham.
synonymPetrea nitidula Moldenke
synonymPetrea ovata M.Martens & Galeotti
synonymPetrea racemosa f. alba (Kuhlm. ex Moldenke) Moldenke
synonymPetrea racemosa Nees
synonymPetrea retusa C.Presl
synonymPetrea riparia Moldenke
synonymPetrea rivularis Moldenke
synonymPetrea serrata C.Presl
synonymPetrea stapeliae Paxton
synonymPetrea subserrata Bárcena
synonymPetrea swallenii Moldenke
synonymPetrea vincentina Turcz.
synonymPetrea volubilis f. pubescens (Moldenke) Moldenke
synonymPetrea volubilis var. alba G.F.Freeman & W.G.Freeman
synonymPetrea volubilis var. albiflora (Standl.) Moldenke
synonymPetrea volubilis var. mexicana Cham.
🗒 Common Names
Bengali
  • নীলমনীলতা Nilmanilata
English
  • Purple-wreath
  • Purple Wreath
  • Queen’s wreath
  • Sandpaper vine
Hindi
  • नीलमणि लता Nilmani Lata
Other
  • Purple Wreath
  • Queen's Wreath
  • Sandpaper Vine
Tamil
  • Kudirai Valuppu
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Petrea species scandent or climbing shrubs. Leaves decussate-opposite or ternate, simple, petiolate, margin entire. Inflorescence raceme spike, usually axillary, pedunculate, bracts conspicuous. Flowers pedicillate. Calyx glabrous, membranous, truncate, Corolla hypocrateriform, 5 lobed, yellow, red, purple, white or blue. Stamens 4, didynamous, anthers ovoid. Ovary 2-loculed, 1 ovule in each locule, Style shorter than corolla tube, Stigma subcapitate. Fruit drupaceous with 2 seeded pyrenes.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors 
Kailash B R
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Habit: Climbing shrub
    G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
    Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      No Data
      📚 Nomenclature and Classification
      References
      Sp. Pl. 2: 626. 1753
      Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
      Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
      References 
        No Data
        📚 Natural History
        Reproduction
        Petrea species flowers are bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects. Flowering/Fruiting: March-May.
        Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
        Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
        References 
          Dispersal
          Seeds dispersed by anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
          Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
          Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
          References 
            Morphology
            Liana or scandent shrub about 20-30 ft in length. Young branches pubescent and hairy. Leaves decussate-opposite, simple, elliptic-ovate to oblong, 6-20 x 3-10 cm across, base acute to obtuse, margin wavy entire, apex acuminate to acute, chartaceous, lateral veins 6-20 on either side of the midrib, impressed, Petiole 1-2 cm long, stipulate. Inflorescence raceme spike, axillary, terminal, pedunculate, about 20-40 cm tall. Flowers 10-40 in a raceme, pedicel 5-9 mm long, zygomorphic, Calyx glabrous, membranous, Corolla hypocrateriform, purple, blue, violet and white, slaver shaped, 5 lobed, 10-20 mm long, and 4-6 mm wide, each lobe divided into two by a line, all lobes farthest at the truncate apex, pubescent above, Corolla tube about 2-3 mm long, Stamens 4, didynamous, anthers ovoid, Ovary 2-loculed, Style shorter than corolla tube, Stigma subcapitate. Fruit drupaceous, oblong, ovoid, enclosed by hard calyx. Seeds brown.
            Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
            Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
            References 
              Diseases
              Susceptible to insect pests and bug infestations.
              Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
              Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
              References 
                Miscellaneous Details
                Notes: Plains, Cultivated, Native of Tropical America
                G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  No Data
                  📚 Habitat and Distribution
                  General Habitat
                  Cultivated in gardens, Native of Central America.
                  Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                  Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
                  References 
                    Description
                    Maharashtra: Ahemdnagar, Pune Kerala: All districts Tamil Nadu: All districts
                    G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                    Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Local Distribution: Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh. Global Distribution: Asia: China, India, Pakistan; Europe; North America: Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago; South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.
                      Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                      Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
                      References 
                        No Data
                        📚 Occurrence
                        No Data
                        📚 Uses and Management
                        Uses
                        Cultivated as an ornamental in gardens.
                        Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                        Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
                        References 
                          No Data
                          📚 Information Listing
                          The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN)
                          Not evaluated (IUCN).
                          Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                          Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
                          References 
                            References
                            1. Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700330 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Petrea+volubilis&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-150919 ;Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=659700&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dPetrea%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 560. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 25. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 17 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
                            2. Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700330 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Petrea+volubilis&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-150919 ;Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=659700&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dPetrea%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 560. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 25. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 17 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
                            1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                            Information Listing > References
                            1. Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700330 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Petrea+volubilis&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-150919 ;Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=659700&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dPetrea%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 560. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 25. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 17 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
                            2. Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700330 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Petrea+volubilis&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-150919 ;Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=659700&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dPetrea%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 560. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 25. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 17 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
                            3. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                            No Data
                            📚 Meta data
                            No Data
                            🐾 Taxonomy
                            RootRoot
                            KingdomPlantae
                            PhylumTracheophyta
                            ClassMagnoliopsida
                            OrderLamiales
                            FamilyVerbenaceae
                            GenusPetrea
                            SpeciesPetrea volubilis L.
                            📊 Temporal Distribution
                            📷 Related Observations
                            👥 Groups
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