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The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs Jennifer Speake is a freelance writer. She is the editor of the Oxford Dictionary ofForeign Words and Phrases (1997) and of the Oxford Dictionary of Idioms (1999).

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The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs Edited byJENNIFER SPEAKE Previously co-edited withJOHN SIMPSON Fifth Edition

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DPOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers theUniversity’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishingworldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur MadridMelbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary ItalyJapan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain othercountries Published in the United Statesby Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press 1982, 1992, 1998, 2003, 2008 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press(maker) First published as The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs, edited by John Simpson,1982Second edition, edited by John Simpson and Jennifer Speake, 1992 Third edition, edited byJohn Simpson and Jennifer Speake, 1998 Fourth edition, edited by Jennifer Speake, 2003 Fifthedition, edited by Jennifer Speake, 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writingof Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with theappropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside thescope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at theaddress above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose thissame condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataData available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, IndiaPrinted in Great Britainon acid-free paper byClays Ltd., St Ives plc ISBN 978–0–19–953953–6 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2

Editor’s Preface The fifth edition of the Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs represents the latest stage in OxfordUniversity Press’s coverage of proverbs and reflects the changes that have taken place in thequarter-century since the Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs first appeared. The Conciseitself grew out of the monumental Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs, first published in1935 and substantially revised by F. P. Wilson in 1970. A massive work of historicalscholarship, the Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs cast its net over the corpus of Englishliterature and brought together a rich haul of metaphor, idiom, and proverb from all stages ofthe language. From the outset, however, the Concise was intended to fulfil a different needfrom the larger volume, in its focus on contemporary usage and on what the late twentieth-century English-speaker regarded as a proverb—as John Simpson explains in his Introduction.It is this conception that underlies the present dictionary. Research for the Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs has shown that the proverb in Britain andNorth America is as vital and varied as ever. The resources of the Internet play an increasingrole, not least in providing evidence for the continued currency of an appreciable number ofolder proverbs for which previous editions had offered no citations dating later than thenineteenth century. Over forty additional proverbs have been included in this edition, many ofthem from African, Middle Eastern, and Far Eastern traditions. Some of these are apparentlymodern coinages; others have venerable roots but have recently been revived. For this edition some citations of older proverbs have been deleted, but material showingdifferent forms of the proverb has been retained. Some proverbs settle quickly to a standardform; others seem to be more susceptible of variation, and by citing variants it is possible totrace their evolution. The notes on the individual proverbs draw attention to such points ofinterest. Proverb usage once again shows itself an index of linguistic and social change. Whereasmany older proverbs use ‘man’ for the human subject, modern users often attempt to avoidsuch non-inclusive language, preferring ‘someone’ or ‘a person’. While examples of up-to-date usage have been found for nearly four hundred of the proverbs in this book, it seems clearthat other proverbs are starting to undergo obsolescence by reason of social change.Expressions of the received wisdom of a patriarchal agrarian society that organized itselfaccording to the rhythms of the seasons and the Church’s calendar become antiquarianoddities in a modern environment. Thus a woman, a dog, and a walnut tree, the more you beatthem the better they be offends a slew of twenty-first-century sensibilities, while Candlemasday, put beans in the clay has little to say to an urban secular society.

On the other hand, recent pithy expressions of universal predicaments (when all you have isa hammer, everything looks like a nail) or general truths (justice delayed is justice denied)demonstrate a good proverb’s ability to circulate, thrive, and evolve in a variety of contexts.Cartoonists and humorists can assume the easy familiarity of their audience with proverbs, asis shown by recent examples of the opera isn’t over till the fat lady sings and two heads arebetter than one. Although proverbs may be used as clichés by the linguistically lazy, veryfrequently they are used in contexts that show the user’s often sophisticated awareness of theirresonance. Over the years many people have been kind enough to demonstrate their interest in thiswork by drawing my attention to proverbs or discussing them with me. Others, notablyWilliam F. Deeck, have provided invaluable citations. I thank them all for their involvementand encouragement. Jennifer Speake Oxford December 2007

Contents Abbreviations Introduction Dictionary Bibliography Thematic Index

Abbreviations used in the dictionarya ante (before)Apr. AprilAug. AugustAV Authorized Version (of the Bible), 1611BCP Book of Common Prayerc circa (about)cent. centurycf. confer (compare)COD Concise Oxford DictionaryDec. DecemberDict. dictionary (of)Du. Dutched. editionEETS Early English Text Societyesp. especiallyet al. et alii (and others)Feb. FebruaryFr. FrenchGer. GermanGr. GreekHist. history (of), historicalIbid. ibidem (in the same place)Ital. ItalianJan. JanuaryL. LatinMag. MagazineMar. Marchmod. modernMS(S) manuscript(s)Nov. NovemberNY New YorkOct. OctoberODEP Oxford Dictionary of English ProverbsOED Oxford English Dictionary

Pt. partquot. quotationrev. revisedSept. SeptemberSer. seriesSt. SaintSTS Scottish Text Societytr. translation (of)US United States (of America)vol. volume

Introduction Th e Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs provides a general history of proverbs incommon use in Britain in the last two hundred years. Some of the proverbs have been in usethroughout the English-speaking world for many years; others (especially Scottish proverbs)have spread from regional use to attain general currency in the nineteenth and twentiethcenturies. Proverbs which originated in the United States and in other countries outside theBritish Isles, such as If you don’t like the heat, get out of the kitchen or The apple never fallsfar from the tree, are included if they are now current in Britain, or if they are particularlyprevalent in their region of origin. A proverb is a traditional saying which offers advice or presents a moral in a short and pithymanner. Paradoxically, many phrases which are called ‘proverbial’ are not proverbs as we nowunderstand the term. We might for instance refer to ‘the proverbial fly on the wall’ or say thatsomething is ‘as dead as the proverbial dodo’, although neither of these phrases alludes to aproverb. The confusion dates from before the eighteenth century, when the term ‘proverb’ alsocovered metaphorical phrases, similes, and descriptive epithets, and was used far more looselythan it is today. Nowadays we would normally expect a proverb to be cast in the form of asentence. Proverbs fall readily into three main categories. Those of the first type take the form ofabstract statements expressing general truths, such as Absence makes the heart grow fonderand Nature abhors a vacuum. Proverbs of the second type, which include many of the morecolourful examples, use specific observations from everyday experience to make a pointwhich is general; for instance, You can take a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink andDon’t put all your eggs in one basket. The third type of proverb comprises sayings fromparticular areas of traditional wisdom and folklore. In this category are found, for example,the health proverbs After dinner rest a while, after supper walk a mile and Feed a cold andstarve a fever. These are frequently classical maxims rendered into the vernacular. In addition,there are traditional country proverbs which relate to husbandry, the seasons, and the weather,such as Red sky at night, shepherd’s delight; red sky in the morning, shepherd’s warning andWhen the wind is in the east, ‘tis neither good for man nor beast. Several of the more common metaphorical phrases are included in the dictionary if they arealso encountered in the form of a proverb. The phrases to cut off your nose to spite your faceand to throw the baby out with the bathwater, for example, would not ordinarily qualify forinclusion, but have been admitted because they are often found in proverb form—Don’t cut offyour nose to spite your face and Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater. Othermetaphorical phrases (to win one’s spurs, to throw in the towel, etc.), similes (as red as a rose,

as dull as ditchwater), and aphoristic quotations (Power grows out of the barrel of a gun) arenot included. Nevertheless, proverbs which originated in English as quotations, such as Hopesprings eternal or Fools rush in where angels fear to tread, are included when the origins ofthe quotations are no longer popularly remembered. It is sometimes said that the proverb is going out of fashion, or that it has degenerated intothe cliché. Such views overlook the fact that while the role of the proverb in English literaturehas changed, its popular currency has remained constant. In medieval times, and even as lateas the seventeenth century, proverbs often had the status of universal truths and were used toconfirm or refute an argument. Lengthy lists of proverbs were compiled to assist the scholar indebate; and many sayings from Latin, Greek, and the continental languages were drafted intoEnglish for this purpose. By the eighteenth century, however, the popularity of the proverb haddeclined in the work of educated writers, who began to ridicule it as a vehicle for trite,conventional wisdom. In Richardson’s Clarissa Harlowe (1748), the hero, Robert Lovelace, iscongratulated on his approaching marriage and advised to mend his foolish ways. His unclewrites: ‘It is a long lane that has no turning.—Do not despise me for my proverbs.’ Swift, inthe introduction to his Polite Conversation (1738), remarks: ‘The Reader must learn by allmeans to distinguish between Proverbs, and those polite Speeches which beautifyConversation: . . As to the former, I utterly reject them out of all ingenious Discourse.’ It iseasy to see how proverbs came into disrepute. Seemingly contradictory proverbs can bepaired—Too many cooks spoil the broth with Many hands make light work; Absence makes theheart grow fonder with its opposite Out of sight, out of mind. Proverbs could thus become aneasy butt for satire in learned circles, and are still sometimes frowned upon by the polishedstylist. The proverb has none the less retained its popularity as a homely commentary on lifeand as a reminder that the wisdom of our ancestors may still be useful to us today. This shift isreflected in the quotations which accompany the entries in the dictionary: recent quotationsare often taken from the works of minor writers, or from newspapers and magazines, whileearlier quotations are more frequently from the works of major writers. It is a reflection of the proverb’s vitality that new ones are continually being created asolder ones fall into disuse. Surprisingly, A trouble shared is a trouble halved is not recordedbefore the twentieth century, and A change is as good as a rest apparently dates only from thelast decade of the nineteenth; the popular saying A watched pot never boils first occurs as lateas 1848. The computer world has recently given us a potential classic, Garbage in, garbageout, and economics has supplied us with There’s no such thing as a free lunch. Proverbscontinue—as the early collectors never tired of stating—to provide the sauce to relish themeat of ordinary speech. * Proverb dictionaries differ in their manner of ordering material. There are a number of

choices open to the compiler. One method favoured in early dictionaries was a straightalphabetical sequence, starting with all proverbs beginning with the word a, such as A bird inthe hand is worth two in the bush and A stern chase is a long chase, and continuing in thisrigid style until z. The problems caused by this system are manifold, the most apparent beingthe grouping of large numbers of unrelated proverbs under a few words such as a, every, one,and the, forcing the user to engage on a long search for the proverb of his choice. Anotheroption is thematic presentation, whereby proverbs relating to cats, dogs, the Devil, Pride, etc.,are each placed together. Despite the many advantages of this method, confusion can occurwhen there is no clear subject, as when a proverb falls under two or more thematic headings. The manner of arrangement chosen here is that favoured by most major proverb collectionsof recent years, such as M. P. Tilley’s Dictionary of the Proverbs in England in the Sixteenthand Seventeenth Centuries (1950) and B. J. Whiting’s Early American Proverbs andProverbial Phrases (1977). This method combines the advantages of alphabetical andthematic presentation by listing proverbs by the first significant word; thus All cats are grey inthe dark may be found at cats, You cannot put an old head on young shoulders at old, whileEvery picture tells a story occurs at picture. Furthermore, a generous selection of cross-references is given in the text to assist the reader in cases of difficulty. The first of the threeexamples above, for example, is crossreferenced at grey and dark, the second at head, young,and shoulder, and the third at every, tell, and story. Variant forms are always noted at the mainform when they are important enough to merit inclusion. Illustrative quotations of proverbs are a major feature of the dictionary, as in ODEP.Accordingly, the earliest known example of each proverb’s occurrence in literature is alwaysgiven as the first quotation. Many of the proverbs were probably in common oral use beforebeing recorded in print, but this dictionary clearly must rely upon the evidence of the printedword. When a proverb is known to have existed in another language before its emergence inEnglish, this is indicated in the headnote preceding the quotations. For instance, althoughThere’s many a slip ‘twixt cup and lip is first recorded in English in 1539, its parent form isfound in both Greek and Latin, and this information is provided before the sixteenth-centuryEnglish citation. Similarly, Nothing succeeds like success, first noted in English in 1867, wascurrent in French some decades earlier. It is interesting to note that a high proportion oftraditional ‘English’ proverbs are of foreign origin. Like many of the words in our language,proverbs frequently passed into English from Latin or Greek, through the learned disciplinesof medicine or the law, or from a knowledge of the classical authors; or they came intoEnglish from French in the years following the Conquest. A number of modern proverbs, suchas The opera isn’t over till the fat lady sings or The family that prays together stays together,originated in the United States. Predictably, one classic proverb of English origin is the oldsaying It never rains but it pours. Each entry is provided with several illustrative quotations which show the contexts in whichthe proverb has been used, up to the present day. The standard form of a proverb often changes

during its development: the first recorded use of the current form is always cited. Shortheadnotes are added when there is some obscurity in the meaning or use of a proverb which isnot resolved in the quotations, or when there is some point of grammatical or syntacticalinterest which deserves mention. Thus, the legal implications of Possession is nine points ofthe law and Every dog is allowed one bite are explained, as are the historical origins ofCaesar’s wife must be above suspicion and One might as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb.The original meanings of words such as handsome in Handsome is as handsome does are alsodiscussed when necessary. Much of the work involved in the compilation of the dictionary has concerned theverification of quotations. In the past, quotations have often been carried forward from oneproverb dictionary to another without being checked; this is especially true of the olderquotations. All quotations have been rechecked for this dictionary, and are quoted from thefirst edition of the relevant work, unless otherwise stated in the citation or in the Bibliography.Many quotations in other collections were found to have been wrongly dated, principallybecause they were taken from later (often bowdlerized Victorian) editions of the work inquestion, and frequently the true first edition contains a lessfamiliar version of the proverb, orno proverb at all. Self-evident short titles are occasionally used in citations, but whenever possible the titleand author of each work are given in full. Titles have been modernized, quotations (with theexceptions of the Bible and Shakespeare) have not. Quotations are cited by reference tochapter; other styles are consistently employed when a work is not subdivided thus. Fullreferences are given for the Bible, Shakespeare, and several other major writers; plays arecited by act and scene (failing scene, then page). Biblical quotations are cited from theAuthorized Version of 1611 unless otherwise stated: similar quotations may often be found inearlier translations, sermons, and homilies, but the modern form of a proverb usually reflectsthis translation. Contractions, which occur frequently in medieval sources, have been silentlyexpanded. John Simpson Oxford March 1982

A A see who SAYS A must say B. abhors see NATURE abhors a vacuum. a-borrowing see he that GOES a-borrowing, goes a-sorrowing. abroad see GO abroad and you’ll hear news of home. ABSENCE makes the heart grow fonderCf. PROPERTIUS Elegies II. xxxiiib. I. 43 semper in absentes felicior aestus amantes, passion[is] always warmer towards absent lovers. c 1850 in T. H. Bayly Isle of Beauty (rev. ed.) iii. Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 1923 Observer 11 Feb. 9 These saws are constantly cutting one another’s throats. How can you reconcile the statement that ‘Absence makes the heart grow fonder’ with ‘Out of sight, out of mind’? 1992 A. LAMBERT Rather English Marriage (1993) xi. 178 Absence may have made his heart grow fonder, but it hasn’t done wonders for mine. 2002 Spectator 9 Feb. 63 In this way you can keep her at bay indefinitely, or at least until such time as her absence has made your heart grow fonder. absence; love He who is ABSENT is always in the wrongCf. Fr. les absents ont toujours tort; c 1440 J. LYDGATE Fall of Princes (EETS) III. 1. 3927For princis ofte.. Wil cachche a qu[a]rel.. Ageyn folk absent. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 318 The absent partie is still faultie. 1710 S. PALMER Proverbs xxi. The absent party is always to blame. 1736 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (July) The absent are never without fault, nor the present without excuse. 1912 ‘SAKI’ Unbearable Bassington iv. The absent may be always wrong, but they are seldom in a position to be inconsiderate. 1981 A. PRICE Soldier no More 57 I will quote first that fine old French saying—which covers any claim Charlie may or may not have on that cake—’he who is absent is always in the wrong.’ absence; error absolute see POWER corrupts.

abundance see out of the FULLNESS of the heart the mouth speaks. ACCIDENTS will happen (in the best-regulated families) 1700 VANBRUGH Pilgrim IV Such Accidents will happen sometimes, take what care we can. 1819 ‘P. ATALL ’ Hermit in America i. Accidents will happen in the best regulated families. 1850 DICKENS David Copperfield xxviii. ‘Copperfield,’ said Mr. Micawber, ‘accidents will occur in the best-regulated families; and in families not regulated by.. the influence of Woman, in the lofty character of Wife, they must be expected with confidence, and must be borne with philosophy.’ 1939 W. S. MAUGHAM Christmas Holiday x. Accidents will happen in the best regulated families, and.. if you find you’ve got anything the matter with you,.. go and see a doctor right away. 2002 Country Life 14 Feb. 51 No-one should underestimate the pain and suffering caused. However, the CPS [Crown Prosecution Service] has to recognise that, even in this determinedly scapegoat society, accidents do happen. misfortune There is no ACCOUNTING for tastes It is impossible to explain why different people like different things (especially things thatdo not appeal to the speaker). Also now in the form there is no accounting for taste. Thesaying is a version of the Latin tag de gustibus non est disputandum, there is no disputingabout tastes. Cf. 1599 J. MINSHEU Dialogues in Spanish 6 Against ones liking there is nodisputing. 1794 A. RADCLIFFE Mysteries of Udolpho I. xi. I have often thought the people he disapproved were much more agreeable than those he admired;—but there is no accounting for tastes. 1889 GISSING Nether World II. viii. There is no accounting for tastes. Sidney..not once..congratulated himself on his good fortune. 1985 R. REEVES Doubting Thomas iv. ‘You’re usually in here with a little guy, wears a rug. Looks like he gets his suits from Sears. Paisley ties. .. There’s no accounting for taste.’ idiosyncrasy; taste accumulate see if you don’t SPECULATE, you can’t accumulate. accuse see he who EXCUSES, accuses himself.

accuser see a GUILTY conscience needs no accuser. acorn see GREAT oaks from little acorns grow. act see THINK global, act local. ACTIONS speak louder than wordsFirst recorded in its current form in the United States. 1628 J. PYM Speech 4 Apr. in Hansard Parliamentary Hist. England (1807) II. 274 ‘A word spoken in season is like an Apple of Gold set in Pictures of Silver,’ and actions are more precious than words. 1736 Melancholy State of Province in A. M. Davis Colonial Currency (1911) III. 137 Actions speak louder than Words, and are more to be regarded. 1856 A. LINCOLN Works (1953) II. 352 ‘Actions speak louder than words’ is the maxim; and, if true, the South now distinctly says to the North, ‘Give us the measures, and you take the men.’ 1939 M. STUART Dead Men sing no Songs xii. Deeds speak louder than words. First she tells you the most damning things she can.., and then she begs you to believe he’s innocent in spite of them? 2008 Times 21 July 13 If he flares up at you.. lock yourself in the bathroom and have a nice bath with a good book. Sometimes actions speak louder than words. words and deeds When ADAM delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman?The rhyme is particularly associated with the itinerant preacher John Ball, a leader of the 1381‘Peasants’ Revolt’, who used it to incite the people against their feudal lords. c 1340 R. ROLLE in G. G. Perry Religious Pieces (EETS) 88 When Adam dalfe [dug] and Eue spane.. Whare was than the pride of man? 1381 in Brown & Robbins Index Middle English Verse (1943) 628 Whan adam delffid and eve span, Who was than a gentilman? 1562 J. PILKINGTON Aggeus & Abdias I. ii. When Adam dalve, and Eve span, Who was than a gentle man? Up start the carle, and gathered good, And thereof came the gentle blood. 1979 C. E. SCHORSKE Fin-de-Siède Vienna vi. When Adam delved and Eve span Who was then the gentleman? The question had ironic relevance for the arrivé. equality; gentry As good be an ADDLED egg as an idle bird 1578 LYLY Euphues I. 325 If I had not bene gathered from the tree in the budde, I should beeing blowne haue proued a blast, and as good it is to bee an addle egge as an

idle bird. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 681 As good be an addled Egg, as an idle Bird. 1974 D. CARTER Ghost Writer iii. The chickens are feeling the heat, poor creatures. I’m afraid I gave them a bit of a ticking off. As good be an addled egg, I told them, as an idle bird. action and inaction; idleness ADVENTURES are to the adventurous 1844 DISRAELI Coningsby III. 1. 244 ‘I fear that the age of adventures is past.’.. ‘Adventures are to the adventurous,’ said the stranger. 1952 ‘T. HINDE’ Mr Nicholas iv. He told himself that adventure was to the adventurous. .. If he could not make the effort for the small he would miss the big adventure. boldness; opportunity, taken; risk ADVERSITY makes strange bedfellows While the underlying idea remains the same, there has always been some variation in thefirst word of the proverb: see also POLITICS makes strange bedfellows. 1611 SHAKESPEARE Tempest II. ii. 37 My best way is to creep under his gaberdine; there is no other shelter hereabout. Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows. 1837 DICKENS Pickwick Papers xli. (heading) Illustrative.. of the old proverb, that adversity brings a man acquainted with strange bedfellows. 1927 Times 27 Aug. 12 The.. alliance of 1923–5 was an illustration of the adage that adversity makes strange bedfellows. 1982 Times 15 Mar. 9 (heading) Poverty makes strange bedfellows. adversity; misfortune afraid see he who RIDES a tiger is afraid to dismount. Africa see there is always something NEW out of Africa. AFTER a storm comes a calmCf. a 1250 Ancrene Riwle (1962) 191 Iblescet ibeo thu laverd the makest stille efter storm[blessed are you, Lord, who makes a calm after the storm]; 1377 LANGLAND Piers PlowmanB. XVIII. 409 After sharpe shoures.. moste shene [bright] is the sonne. 1576 C. HOLYBAND French Littleton E1V After a storme commeth a calme. 1655 T. FULLER Church Hist. Britain IX. viii. After a storm comes a calm. Wearied with a former blustering they began now to repose themselves in a sad silence. 1979 ‘J. LE

CARRÉ’ Smiley’s People i. For the next two weeks nothing happened. . . After the storm had come the calm. peace; trouble AFTER dinner rest a while, after supper walk a mile The sense turns on the fact that dinner is a heavy meal, while supper is a light one. Theprecept was current in medieval Latin: post prandium stabis, post coenam ambulabis, afterluncheon you will stand still, after supper you will walk about. 1582 G. WHETSTONE Heptameron of Civil Discourses E3 After dynner, talke a while, After supper, walke a mile. 1584 T. COGAN Haven of Health ccxi. That olde English saying: After dinner sit a whyle, and after supper walke a myle. 1979 Daily Telegraph 24 Dec. 3 ‘The physiological reaction to a heavy indigestible meal.. seems to be to sleep it off.’ What it all seems to boil down to is the old adage: After dinner rest a while, after supper walk a mile. health AFTER the feast comes the reckoning Mainly in late 20th-cent. North American use. 1620 F. QUARLES Feast for Wormes VI. vi. But Young-man, know, there is a Day of doome, The Feast is good, untill the reck’ning come. 1996 Random House Dict. Popular Proverbs & Sayings 3 After the feast comes the reckoning. 1999 Time 29 July (electronic ed., heading) After the Monica feast comes the reckoning. action and consequence after see also it is easy to be WISE after the event. Agamemnon see BRAVE men lived before Agamemnon. age see the age of MIRACLES is past; if YOUTH knew, if age could. agree see BIRDS in their little nests agree; TWO of a trade never agree. alive see if you want to LIVE and thrive, let the spider run alive.

ALL good things must come to an endThe addition of ‘good’ is a recent development. The earlier forms may be compared withEVERYTHING has an end. c 1440 Partonope of Blois (EETS) 1. 11144 Ye wote [know] wele of all thing moste be an ende. 1562 G. LEGH Accidence of Armoury 182 All worldly thinges haue an ende (excepte the housholde wordes, betwene man and wife). 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 85 All Things have an End, and a Pudden [a kind of sausage] has two. 1857 H. H. RILEY Puddleford Papers xxiii. All things must have an end, and the grand caravan, in time, came to its end. 1924 ‘D. VANE ’ Scar xxv. All good things come to an end. The feast was over. 2002 Washington Times 17 Mar. C12 For more than a decade, Roy Kramer reigned as the most powerful figure in college athletics—not just in the Southeastern Conference but arguably the entire nation. But all good things must come to an end, and that end is now. finality; good things It takes ALL sorts to make a world 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote II. vi. In the world there must bee of all sorts. 1767 S. JOHNSON Letter 17 Nov. (1952) I. 194 Some Lady surely might be found.. in whose fidelity you might repose. The World, says Locke, has people of all sorts. 1844 D. W. JERROLD Story of Feather xxviii. Click can’t get off this time?.. Well, it takes all sorts to make a world. 1975 J. I. M. STEWART Young Pattullo iii. ‘My father’s a banker during the week and a country gent at week-ends. Takes all sorts, you know.’ ‘Takes all sorts?’ ‘To make a world.’ 1993 BILL RICHARDSON Bachelor Brothers’ Bed & Breakfast (1997) 74 There is no nightlife. .. I suppose that what we have here is the working out of the adage that it takes all kinds to make a world. idiosyncrasy; tolerance; variety ALL things are possible with GodWith allusion to MATTHEW xix. 26 (AV).. with God all things are possible; cf. HOMEROdyssey x. 306 θεoí δέ τε πάυτα δύáνανται, with the gods all things can be done. 1694 P. A. MOTTEUX tr. Rabelais’ Pantagruel V. xliii. Drink.. and you shall find its taste and flavor to be exactly that on which you shall have pitched. Then never presume to say that anything is impossible to God. 1712 C. MATHER Letter 22 Nov. (1971) 117 However, take it again; all things are possible with God. 1826 L. BEECHER Letter 11 June in Autobiography (1865) II. viii. Sometimes it seems as if persons had too much.. intellect to be converted easily. But all things are possible with God. 1965 M. SPARK Mandelbaum Gate vi. It would be interesting, for a change, to prepare and be ready for possibilities of, I don’t know what, since all things are possible with God and

nothing is inevitable. 1971 ‘S. CHANCE’ Septimus and Danedyke Mystery (1973) iii. 31 ‘All things are possible—but some are not very likely. As the Apostle should have said, but didn’t.’ possibility and impossibility ALL things come to those who waitCf. Fr. tout vient à celui qui sait attendre, all comes to him who knows how to wait. 1530 A. BARCLAY Eclogues (EETS) II. 843 Somewhat shall come who can his time abide. 1642 G. TORRIANO Select Italian Proverbs 26 He who can wait, hath what he desireth. 1847 DISRAELI Tancred II. IV. viii. I have got it at last, everything comes if a man will only wait. 1872 V. FANE Tout vient à qui sait Attendre in From Dawn to Noon II. 85 Ah! ‘All things come to those who wait.’.. They come, but often come too late. 1980 M. SELLERS Leonardo & Others viii. Everything comes to those who wait. The theory fitted well into my lazy way of thinking. 2002 Times 2 14 Feb. 7 Until last week I considered the proverb ‘All things come to those who wait’ to be up there with ‘Every cloud has a silver lining’ on the list of fatuous remarks to make when your best friend has failed a vital job interview, been dumped by the love of his life, dropped his dentures down a drain or been trapped for hours on the Tube. patience and impatience all see also all’s for the BEST in the best of all possible worlds; all CATS are grey in thedark; DEATH pays all debts; why should the DEVIL have all the best tunes?; don’t put allyour EGGS in one basket; all’s FAIR in love and war; all is FISH that comes to the net; allthat GLITTERS is not gold; all is GRIST that comes to the mill; when all you have is aHAMMER, everything looks like a nail; HEAR all, see all, say nowt; to KNOW all is toforgive all; there is MEASURE in all things; MODERATION in all things; ONE size does notfit all; to the PURE all things are pure; a RISING tide lifts all boats; all ROADS lead to Rome;the THIRD time pays for all; all’s WELL that ends well; you can’t WIN them all; all WORKand no play makes Jack a dull boy. alone see he TRAVELS fastest who travels alone. alter see CIRCUMSTANCES alter cases. always see he who is ABSENT is always in the wrong; there is always a FIRST time;ONCE a—, always a —; there is always ROOM at the top; the UNEXPECTED alwayshappens. Good AMERICANS when they die go to ParisThe person alluded to in quot. 1858 was Thomas Gold Appleton (1812–84). Quot. 2002 alters

the sense from the implied equivalence of Paris with Heaven. 1858 O. W. HOLMES Autocrat of Breakfast-Table vi. To these must certainly be added that other saying of one of the wittiest of men: ‘Good Americans, when they die, go to Paris.’ 1894 O. WILDE Woman of no Importance 1.1.16 They say.. that when good Americans die they go to Paris. 1932 T. SMITH Topper takes Trip xxi. We are those good Americans who come to Paris when they die. 2002 Times Literary Supplement 22 Mar. 23 ‘Like any other city.. Big, noisy, crowded.’ You don’t have to believe that Paris is worth a Mass or the place where good Americans go to die to disagree. death; just deserts and see if IFS and ands were pots and pans, there’d be no work for tinkers’ hands. angel see FOOLS rush in where angels fear to tread. anger see never let the SUN go down on your anger. angry see a HUNGRY man is an angry man. ANOTHER day, another dollarQuot. 1897 links the form more days, more dollars to sailors being paid by the day: the longerthe voyage the greater the financial reward. Later uses suggest that another day, anotherdollar occurs as world-weary comment on routine toil to earn a living. It has also generated aquantity of by-forms. 1897 J. CONRAD Nigger of ‘Narcissus’ (1955) v. 114. The common saying, ‘More days, more dollars,’ did not give the usual comfort because the stores were running short. 1957 D. ERSKINE & P. DENNIS Pink Hotel (1958) 8 “Nother sleepless night,’ Mr. Baldwin said. ‘Heard the clock strike four again.’ ‘That’s a shame, Mr. Baldwin,’ Mary said. She yawned and stretched, knowing that her landlord was about to say Another Day, Another Dollar. 1992 J. E. DOMINGUEZ& V. ROBIN Your Money or Your Life v. 157 For those opting for Financial Independence it reinforces the awareness that work is no longer about ‘another day, another dollar.’ 1993 Time International 18 Jan. 4 Another day, another deadline. And another backdown by Saddam Hussein, for what seems like the zillionth time. 2002 Times 2 10 Jan. 7 And I haven’t even mentioned.. Bobby Fischer, stripped of his title by Fide in 1975 (another decade, another squabble), but never defeated, and still only 58. action and consequence; work answer see ASK a silly question and you get a silly answer; a CIVIL question deserves a

civil answer; a SOFT answer turneth away wrath. anvil see the CHURCH is an anvil which has worn out many hammers. ANY port in a storm 1749 J. CLELAND Memoirs of Woman of Pleasure II. 133 It was going by the right door, and knocking desperately at the wrong one. .. I told him of it: ‘Pooh,’ says he ‘my dear, any port in a storm.’ 1821 SCOTT Pirate I. iv. As the Scotsman’s howf [refuge] lies right under your lee, why, take any port in a storm. 1965 J. PORTER Dover Three ii. It was not quite the sort of company with which Dover would mix from choice but, as the jolly sailors say, any port in a storm. 1983 M. BOND Monsieur Pamplemousse iv. On the principle of any port in a storm he made a dive for the nearest cubicle. necessity; trouble If ANYTHING can go wrong, it will Commonly known as Murphy’s Law, this saying has numerous variations, and the conceptwas certainly known much earlier in engineering or scientific circles: e.g., 1878 MinutesProceedings of Institute of Civil Engineers li. 8 (13 Nov. 1877 session) It is found thatanything that can go wrong at sea generally does go wrong sooner or later. The formulation asa ‘law’ is said to have been made in 1949 by George Nichols, then a project manager workingin California for the American firm of Northrop, developing a remark made by a colleague,Captain E. Murphy, of the Wright Field Aircraft Laboratory. The contexts of some earlyquotations appear to support this origin: e.g., 1955 Aviation Mechanics Bulletin May-June 11Murphy’s Law: If an aircraft part can be installed incorrectly, someone will install it that way. 1953 A. ROE Making of Scientist 46 There is.. the physicist who introduced me to one of my favorite ‘laws’, which he described as ‘Murphy’s law or the fourth law of thermodynamics’ (actually there were only three the last I heard) which states: ‘If anything can go wrong it will.’ 1956 Scientific American Apr. 166 Dr. Schaefer’s observation confirms this department’s sad experience that editors as well as laboratory workers are subject to Murphy’s Laws, to wit: 1. If something can go wrong it will, [etc.]. 1980 A. E. FISHER Midnight Men vii. Of course, the up train was delayed. There was some vast universal principle. If anything can go wrong it will. 2000 Washington Post 28 Dec. E1 Tune out the pundits. .. I subscribe to a corollary of Murphy’s Law (‘Anything that can go wrong, will’), which is Pundit’s Law: Anything experts predict will happen, will not. error

An APE’s an ape, a varlet’s a varlet, though they be clad in silk or scarletA varlet was formerly a menial servant, but the word also took on the sense of ‘scoundrel’or ‘rogue’. Scarlet was the colour of the official or ceremonial dress of various dignitaries,including judges. Cf. LUCIAN Adversus Indoctum 4 anape is an ape.. even if it has gold insignia; ERASMUS Adages I. vii. simia simia est, etiamsiaurea gestet insignia. 1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’Adages 21 An ape is an ape although she wearebadges of golde. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (English) I An Ape’s an Ape, A Varlett’s aVarlett, Though they be cladd in silk, or scarlett. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 6391An Ape’s an Ape: a Varlet’s a Varlet, Tho’ they be clad in Silk or Scarlet. 1967 D.MORRIS Naked Ape i. The naked ape is in danger of..forgetting that beneath the surfacegloss he is still very much a primate. (‘An ape’s an ape, a varlet’s a varlet, though they beclad in silk or scarlet.’) Even a space ape must urinate. appearance, deceptive; natureand nurtureape see also the HIGHER the monkey climbs the more he shows his tail.appear see TALK of the Devil, and he is bound to appear. APPEARANCES are deceptiveA common US form is appearances are deceiving. 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 12 Appearance oft deceives. 1784 inCollections of Massachusetts Hist. Society (1877) III. 186 The appearances in thosemountainous regions are extremely deceptive. 1846 H. MELVILLE Typee xxiv.Appearances.. are deceptive. Little men are sometimes very potent, and rags sometimescover very extensive pretensions. 1927 E. F. BENSON Lucia in London v. Mr. Merriall..watched the three figures at Georgie’s door. ‘Appearances are deceptive,’ he said. ‘Butisn’t that Olga Shuttleworth and Princess Isabel?’ 2002 A. VANNEMAN SherlockHolmes and Giant Rat of Sumatra xviii. 128 ‘Why, Mr. Holmes, you are the most wide-awake man here.’ ‘Appearances are deceiving,’ returned Holmes. appearance,deceptive; deceptionAPPETITE comes with eatingDesire or facility increases as an activity proceeds. Cf. 1534 RABELAIS Gargantua I.V.

l’appétit vient en mangeant, appetite comes with eating; 1600–1 SHAKESPEARE Hamlet I. ii.143 Why, she would hang on him As if increase of appetite had grown By what it fed on. 1653 URQUHART & MOTTEUX tr. Rabelais’ Gargantua i. v. Appetite comes with eating. a 1721 M. PRIOR Dialogues of Dead (1907) 227 But as we say in France, the Appetite comes in Eating; so in Writing You stil found more to write. 1906 W. MAXWELL From Yalu to Port Arthur i. Appetite comes with eating. Having absorbed Port Arthur and begun on Manchuria, Russia saw no reason why she should not have Korea also. 1943 S. CLOETE Congo Song xxiv. The appetite came with eating. The more he had of her, the more he wanted. wanting and having appetite see also HUNGER is the best sauce. An APPLE a day keeps the doctor away 1866 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. IX. 153 A Pembrokeshire Proverb.—‘Eat an apple on going to bed, And you’ll keep the doctor from earning his bread.’ 1913 E. M. WRIGHT Rustic Speech xiv. Ait a happle avore gwain to bed, An’ you’ll make the doctor beg his bread (Dev.); or as the more popular version runs: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 2001 Times 12 Dec. 2 Have you resolved to be a well person?.. Do you eat an apple a day to keep the doctor away? doctors; health The APPLE never falls far from the tree Apparently of Eastern origin, it is frequently used to assert the continuity of familycharacteristics. Quot. 1839 implies return to one’s original home. Cf. 16th-cent. Ger. der Apfelfellt nicht gerne weit vom Baume, the apple does not usually fall far from the tree. 1839 EMERSON Letter 22 Dec. (1939) II. 243 As men say the apple never falls far from the stem, I shall hope that another year will draw your eyes and steps to this old dear odious haunt of the race. 1939 H. W. THOMPSON Body, Boots & Britches xix. As a.. farmer remarked, ‘If you breed a pa’tridge, you’ll git a pa’tridge.’ Another way of setting that truth forth is,.. ‘An apple never falls far from the tree.’ 1981 Women’s Journal Apr. 179 He’s a fool, Muffie, as his father was. The apple never falls far from the tree. 2001 Washington Post 28 June C10 The social worker had summed up the child’s future: ‘Don’t expect to do miracles. An apple can’t fall too far from the tree.’ family; nature and nurture; origins

apple see also the ROTTEN apple injures its neighbours; SMALL choice in rotten apples;STOLEN fruit is sweet. An APPLE-PIE without some cheese is like a kiss without a squeeze 1929 C. BROOKS Seven Hells v. 63 Let me advise you to take a bit of cheese with it. They have a good proverb, these folks: ‘Apple pie without the cheese, is like the kiss without a squeeze.’ 1989 Courier-Journal (Louisville, KY) 2 July 4M There was an old English rhyme popular about 1750 that went: An apple-pie without some cheese Is like a kiss without a squeeze. 2002 Spectator 21 Sept. 61 ‘Apple cake without cheese,’ they used to say in Yorkshire, ‘is like a kiss without a squeeze.’ food and drink APRIL showers bring forth May flowers c 1560 in T. Wright Songs & Ballads (1860) 213 Aprell sylver showers so sweet Can make May flowers to sprynge. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 41 April showers bring forth May flowers. 1846 M. A. DENHAM Proverbs relating to Seasons, &c. 36 March winds and April showers bring forth May flowers. 1921 Sphere 14 May 152 If there was anybody left to believe in the saying that ‘April showers bring forth May flowers’ their simple faith must have been rudely shattered by May’s behaviour this year. 2001 Washington Post 1 July F1 If April showers bring May flowers, what do June brides bring? weather lore architect see EVERY man is the architect of his own fortune. arm see KINGS have long arms; STRETCH your arm no further than your sleeve willreach; YORKSHIRE born and Yorkshire bred, strong in the arm and weak in the head. An ARMY marches on its stomach The proverb has been attributed to both Napoleon and Frederick the Great; this figurativeuse of (on one’s) stomach is unusual in English. 1904 Windsor Magazine Jan. 268 ‘An army marches on its stomach.’ ‘C’est la soupe qui fait le soldat.’ These Napoleonic aphorisms.. have been increasingly appreciated by our War Office. 1977 J. B. HILTON Dead-Nettie x. ‘They say an army marches on its stomach,’ Gilbert Slack began to say. ‘You mean that Frank was a cook?’ 1992 W.

DONALDSON Root into Europe ii.16 ‘Didn’t see service as such. Supply and demandmyself. Pay and personnel. Laundry and so forth. An army marches on its stomach.’ 2002Washington Times 30 Jan. E4 (Hazel comic strip) ‘An army marches on its stomach.’‘And retreats on its..’ food and drink; soldiersaround see what GOES around comes around.arrive see it is BETTER to travel hopefully than to arrive.ART is long and life is shortHippocrates (Aphorisms I. I. life is short, but art is long)compared the difficulties encountered in learning the art of medicine or healing with theshortness of human life. Hippocrates’ saying was alluded to by Seneca in his dialogue ‘On theBrevity of Life’ (De brevitate vitae I: vitam brevem esse, longam artem) and from this versionthe usual Latin form of the tag is derived: ars longa, vita brevis, art is long, life is short. Art isnow commonly understood in the proverb in a less specific sense. In quot. 1958, it refers to(the durability of) a work of art. c 1380 CHAUCER Parliament of Fowls 1. 1 The lyf so short, the craft so long tolerne. 1558 W. BULLEIN Government of Health 5V And although oure life be shorte, yetthe arte of phisicke is long. 1581 G. PETTIE tr. S. Guazzo’s Civil Conversation I. 16 Anart is long and life is short. 1710 S. PALMER Proverbs 380 Art is Long, Life Short. OurPhilosophical Meditations on Time are very Obscure and Confus’d. 1869 M. ARNOLDCulture & Anarchy vi. If..we take some other criterion of man’s well-being than the citieshe has built.. our Liberal friends.. take us up very sharply. ‘Art is long’, says the Times,‘and life is short.’ 1958 L. DURRELL Balthazar IV. xiii. The shapely hand on hisshoulder still wore the great ring taken from the tomb of a Byzantine youth. Life is short,art long. 1987 ‘C. AIRD’ Dead Liberty viii. ‘The art is long,’ Sloan heard himself sayingaloud. .. ‘And life is short. I know that.’ Dr. Bressingham completed the quotationbrusquely. life; mortality ash see when the OAK is before the ash, then you will only get a splash; beware of anOAK it draws the stroke.ASK a silly question and you get a silly answerWith allusion to PROVERBS xxvi. 5 (AV) Answer a fool according to his folly, lest he be

wise in his own conceit. c 1300 South-English Legendary (EETS) 494 Ffor-sothe thou axest as a fol, and swich ansuere me schul the yive. 1484 CAXTON Aesop (1967) V. xiii. 158 And thus they wente withoute ony sentence For to a folysshe demaunde behoueth a folysshe ansuere. 1551 R. ROBYNSON tr. T. More’s Utopia I E4 For Salomon the wise sayeth: Answer a foole according to his folishnes, like as I do now. c 1600 Tarlton’s Jests (1638) E2V The fellow seeing a foolish question had a foolish answere, laid his legges on his neck, and got him gone. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 35 A thraward [perverse] Question should a thraward Answer. 1934 C. RYLAND Murder on Cliff vi. If you ask me damned silly questions, I’m going to give you damned silly answers. 1969 ‘A. GILBERT’ Missing from her Home v. No, don’t bother to answer that. Ask a silly question and you get a silly answer. 1985 M. WESLEY Harnessing Peacocks (1990) v. 46 ‘Are you happy at school?’ Ask a silly question. ‘It’s all right.’ ‘What sort of answer is that?’ she cried in distress. action and consequence; stupidity ASK no questions and hear no lies 1773 GOLDSMITH She stoops to Conquer III. 51 Ask me no questions and I’ll tell you no fibs. 1818 SCOTT Heart of Midlothian I. ix. If ye’ll ask nae questions, I’ll tell ye nae lees. 1900 H. LAWSON Over Sliprails 135 ‘Where did you buy the steer, father?’ she asked. ‘Ask no questions and hear no lies.’ 1906 R. KIPLING Puck of Pook’s Hill 252 Them that asks no questions isn’t told a lie—Watch the wall, my darling, while the Gentlemen go by! 1997 R. BOWEN Evans Above vi. 65 Charlie put his finger to his nose. ‘Them that asks no questions, don’t get told no lies, that’s what my old mother used to say,’ he said. curiosity; lying ask see also if you WANT something done, ask a busy person. a-sorrowing see he that GOES a-borrowing, goes a-sorrowing. ATTACK is the best form of defence The idea of the pre-emptive strike expressed in a form approaching this appears to beAmerican in origin; cf. 1775 W. H. DRAYTON in R. W. Gibbes Documentary Hist. AmericanRevolution (1855) I.174 It is a maxim, that it is better to attack than to receive one; 1799 G.WASHINGTON Writings (1940) XXXVII. 250 Make them believe, that offensive operations,often times, is the surest, if not the only..means of defence. Recent usage shows a clearBritish-US divergence, however, with the best DEFENSE is a good offense as the US form.

1930 C. F. GREGG Murder on Bus xxxvii. Inspector Higgins fired his revolver at the sound, deeming attack the better part of defence, whilst someone from the other side of the room had a similar notion. 1965 N. S. GRAY Apple-Stone xi. ‘Attack’, she said, ‘is the best means of defence.’ She sounded so smug that I told her the thought was not original. 1980 F. OLBRICH Desouza in Stardust iv. Attack is the best form of defence, they say, and when politicians lose their principles they play a dirty game. 2002 Times 19 June 24 Clearly, the big banks have stuck to their policy of attack being the best form of defence on this issue [of price controls]. boldness; warfareaway see when the CAT’S away, the mice will play.

B B see who SAYS A must say B. babe see out of the MOUTHS of babes—. baby see don’t THROW the baby out with the bathwater. back see GOD makes the back to the burden; what is GOT over the Devil’s back is spentunder his belly; it is the LAST straw that breaks the camel’s back; you SCRATCH my back,I’ll scratch yours. A BAD excuse is better than none 1551 T. WILSON Rule of Reason S6 This is as thei saie in English, better a badde excuse, then none at all. 1579 S. GOSSON School of Abuse 24 A bad excuse is better, they say, then none at all. 1821 W. WIRT Letter 29 Aug. in J. P. Kennedy Memoirs (1849) II. vii. The old fellow’s look had a glimpse of passing cunning as much as to say, ‘A bad excuse is better than none.’ 1981 P. VAN GREENAWAY ‘Cassandra’ Bill xiii. What excuse is better than none? excuses BAD money drives out good Commonly known as Gresham’s Law, after Sir Thomas Gresham (c 1519–79), founder ofthe Royal Exchange. Gresham saw the economic need to restore the purity of the coinage,though there is no evidence that he actually used this expression. Quot. 1902 states that theprinciple, not the proverb, is mentioned in Gresham’s letter to the Queen. (1858 H. D.MACLEOD Elements of Political Economy 477 He [Gresham] was the first to perceive that abad and debased currency is the cause of the disappearance of the good money.) 1902 New English Dictionary VI. 116 Gresham’s law, the principle, involved in Sir Thomas Gresham’s letter to Q. Elizabeth in 1558, that ‘bad money drives out good’. 1933 A. HUXLEY Letter 18 Nov. (1969) 438 Gresham’s Law holds good in every field.. and bad politics tends to drive out good politics just as bad money drives out good money. 1982 R. NISBET Prejudices 178 Genuine scholars receive grants too, but this misses the crucial point, which is that bad money drives out good, and that only a few years of such

handouts to putterers will be enough to convince the American people that Everyman is a humanist. 2002 Times 212 June 5 In potatoes as in currency, Gresham’s law applies: bad drives out good. The new new, in potatoes, is old. money BAD news travels fast Cf . 1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages II. A4 Sad and heuy tydynges be easlyblowen abroade be they neuer so vaine and false and they be also sone beleued. In quots. 1592and 1694 news is construed as a plural noun, as was usual at this period. 1592 KYD Spanish Tragedy i. B2V Euill newes flie faster still than good. 1694 Terence’s Comedies made English 46 Bad News always fly faster than good. 1792 T. HOLCROFT Road to Ruin II. i. All these bills.. brought.. this morning. Ill news travels fast. 1935 W. IRWIN Julius Caesar Murder Case xxv. ‘Where’d you get it [a knife]?’ ‘On the Plains of Philippi.’ ‘Bad news travels fast,’ said Hercules. 1991 L. SANDERS McNally’s Secret (1992) iv. 38 ‘I’ve already had a dozen phony sympathy calls— including one from a cousin in Sarasota. Bad news certainly travels fast.’ 2002 Times 1 Feb. 22 Media processes are not forensic but sensational. Their light shines uncertainly. It often distorts and can be unfair. ‘Ill news hath wings.’ misfortune; news A BAD penny always turns up The proverb, also used allusively in simile and metaphor (see quot. 1766), refers to thepredictable, and usually unwelcome, return of a disreputable or prodigal person after someabsence. 1766 A. ADAMS in L. H. Butterfield et al. Adams Family Correspondence (1963) I. 55Like a bad penny it returnd, to me again. 1824 SCOTT Redgauntlet II. ii. Bring back Darsie?little doubt of that—the bad shilling is sure enough to come back again. 1884 R. H. THORPEFenton Family iii. Just like as not he’ll be coming back one of these days, when he’s leastwanted. A bad penny is sure to return. 1922 JOYCE Ulysses 149 Who’s dead, when and whatdid he die of? Turn up like a bad penny. 1941 A. UPDEGRAFF Hills look Down vi. ‘I missBart.’ ‘Oh, a bad penny always turns up again.’ 1979 G. MITCHELL Mudflats of Dead iii.‘Stop worrying. The bad pennies always turn up.’ ‘Oh, Adrian, I don’t think she’s a bad penny,not really.’ wrong-doers BAD things come in threes

Bad things may be specified as accidents, deaths, or other mishaps; cf. MISFORTUNESnever come singly. This is a well-attested folk superstition on both sides of the Atlantic: 1891Notes & Queries 7th Ser. XII. 489 One of my servants having accidentally broken a glassshade, asked for two other articles of little value, a wine bottle and jam crock, that she mightbreak them, and so prevent the two other accidents. .. which would otherwise follow. Cf.THIRD time lucky. 1997 D. HANSEN Sole Survivor xvi. 82 He was a superstitious man and believed that bad joss always struck in threes. 2002 Times 20 Mar. 22 They say bad things come in threes. I don’t know who the they are that say this, mind, or how they found out that that was how bad things came,.. but.. last weekend, they were spot on. misfortune; superstition There is no such thing as BAD weather, only the wrong clothes 1980 Washington Post 15 Feb. D1 ‘There’s no such thing as bad weather, only bad clothes,’ said Peterson. ‘You want to wear the least you can, and still not get frost-bitten.’ 1992 Daily Telegraph 23 Sept. 13 As someone once said, there is no such thing as bad weather, only the wrong clothes. 2006 Times 4 Nov 23 Autumn bares its fangs at last. Well, no such thing as bad weather: only bad clothing. weather A BAD workman blames his tools Cf. late 13th-cent. Fr. mauvés ovriers ne trovera ja bon hostill, a bad workman will neverfind a good tool. 1611 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English s.v. Outil, A bungler cannot find (or fit himselfe with) good tooles. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 67 Never had ill workeman good tooles. 1859 S. SMILES Self-Help iv. It is proverbial that the bad workman never yet had a good tool. 1940 J. G. COZZENS Ask Me Tomorrow vii. I’ve read somewhere that a poor workman quarrels with his tools. 1979 A. FOX Threat Signal Red XV. Damn! Dropped the screwdriver... Bad workmen blame their tools. 2001 Washington Times 19 Aug. B8 ‘Virtuous War’ starts off with a bad idea, proceeds to a pair of disasters, then gets worse. As for the fundamental reason for its failure—for now let’s just say, it’s a poor workman who blames his lousy tools. efficiency and inefficiency; work bad see also give a DOG a bad name and hang him; FIRE is a good servant but a badmaster; a GOOD horse cannot be of a bad colour; HARD cases make bad law; HOPE is a good

breakfast but a bad supper; NOTHING so bad but it might have been worse; THREE removalsare as bad as a fire. bag see EMPTY sacks will never stand upright; there’s many a GOOD cock come out of atattered bag. bairn see FOOLS and bairns should never see half-done work; the SHOEMAKER’S sonalways goes barefoot. As you BAKE, so shall you brew As you begin, so shall you proceed. Complementary to as you BREW, so shall you bake. c 1577 Misogonus III. i. As thou bakst, so shat brewe. 1775 D. GARRICK May-Day ii. To keep.. My bones whole and tight, To speak, nor look, would I dare; As they bake they shall brew. 1909 W. DE MORGAN It never can happen Again I. V. Each one [i.e. young person].. was.. the centre of an incubation of memories that were to last a lifetime. ‘As they bake, so they will brew,’ philosophized Mr. Challis to himself. action and consequence bake see also as you BREW, so shall you bake. bandit see the more LAWS, the more thieves and bandits. bare see there goes more to MARRIAGE than four bare legs in a bed. barefoot see the SHOEMAKER’S son always goes barefoot. bargain see it takes TWO to make a bargain. bark see DOGS bark, but the caravan goes on; why KEEP a dog and bark yourself? A BARKING dog never bites

Cf. Q. CURTIUS De Rebus Gestis Alexandri Magni VII. iv. 13 canem timidum vehementiuslatrere quam mordere, a timid cur barks more furiously than he bites [said there to be aBactrian saying]; 13th-cent. Fr. chascuns chiens qui abaie ne mort pas, the dog that barks doesnot bite. c 1550 Thersytes E1 Great barking dogges, do not most byte And oft it is sene that the best men in the hoost Be not suche, that vse to bragge moste. 1595 Locrine (1908) IV. i. Soft words good sir... A barking dog doth sildome strangers bite. 1629 Book of Merry Riddles 22 A barking dog seldome bites. 1837 F. CHAMIER Arethusa III. X. Our dogs which bark, Abdallah, seldom bite. 1980 Daily Telegraph 1 May 18 A canvassing candidate came to a house where there was an Alsatian who barked ferociously. His agent said: ‘Just go in. Don’t you know the proverb “A barking dog never bites”?’ ‘Yes,’ said the candidate, ‘I know the proverb, you know the proverb, but does the dog know the proverb?’ words and deeds BARNABY bright, Barnaby bright, the longest day and the shortest night St. Barnabas’ Day, 11 June, was reckoned the longest day of the year under the Old Stylecalendar. Cf. 1595 SPENSER Epithalamion 1. 266 This day the sunne is in his chiefest hight,With Barnaby the bright. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (English) 20 Barnaby bright, the longest day and shortest night. 1858 Notes & Queries 2nd Ser. VI. 522 In some parts of the country the children call the lady-bird Barnaby Bright, and address it thus:—‘Barnaby Bright, Barnaby Bright, The longest day and the shortest night.’ 1906 E. HOLDEN Country Diary of Edwardian Lady (1977) 72 Barnaby bright All day and no night. 1978 R. WHITLOCK Calendar of Country Customs vii. Barnaby bright, Barnaby bright, The longest day and the shortest night, is a reminder that, before the change in the calendar in 1752, 11 June was the longest day of the year. calendar lore basket see don’t put all your EGGS in one basket. bathwater see don’t THROW the baby out with the bathwater. battalion see PROVIDENCE is always on the side of the big battalions. battle see the RACE is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong.

BE what you would seem to be C f . AESCHYLUS Seven against Thebes 1. 592 for he wishes not to appear but to be the best;SALLUST Catilina liv. Esse, quam videri, bonus malebat, he [sc. Cato] preferred to be good,rather than to seem good. c 1377 LANGLAND Piers Plowman B. X. 253 Suche as thow semest in syghte, be inassay [trial] y-founde. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 724 Be what thouwouldst seeme to be. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 68 Be what you seem, and seemwhat you are. The best way! for Hypocrisy is soon discovered. 1865 ‘L. CARROLL‘Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland ix. It’s a vegetable. It doesn’t look like one, but it is... the moral of that is—‘Be what you would seem to be.’ 1980 G. SIMS in H. WatsonWinter Crimes 12 158 The Benningworth family motto Esse quam videri, ‘To be ratherthan to seem to be’. appearancebean see CANDLEMAS day, put beans in the clay, put candles and candle-sticks away.BEAR and forbear C f . EPICTETUS Fragments X. be patient and endure; ERASMUSAdages II. vii. 13 sustine et abstine. 1573 T. TUSSER Husbandry (rev. ed.) II. 12V Both beare and forbeare, now and thenas ye may, then wench God a mercy [reward you], thy husband will say. 1688 BUNYANDiscourse of Building, &c. House of God 53 To bear and forbear here, will tend to rest.1871 S. SMILES Character xi. The golden rule of married life is, ‘Bear and forbear’.1940 H. W. THOMPSON Body, Boots & Britches xix. You must take two bears two livewith you—Bear and Forbear. patience and impatience; tolerancebear (noun) see don’t SELL the skin till you have caught the bear.beard see it is MERRY in hall when beards wag all.beast see when the WIND is in the east, ‘tis neither good for man nor beast.

If you can’t BEAT them, join themLick is more usual in the US. 1941 Q. REYNOLDS Wounded don’t Cry i. There is an old political adage whichsays ‘If you can’t lick’em, jine ‘em’. 1953 P. GALLICO Foolish Immortals xvii. It wasvital to him to get the reins back into his own hands again. He remembered an old adage:‘If you can’t lick ’em, join ‘em.’ 1979 D. LESSING Shikasta 2661 said, Running things,what’s the point? He said, If you can’t beat them, join them! 1996 Washington Times 2July B8 Having taken it on the chin so convincingly, brokers have decided that, if youcan’t beat ’em, join ’em. 2002 Washington Times 26 Feb. A20 In fact, he began anattempt to win over the Catholic party to his side; the Teutonic version of ‘can’t lick ’em,join ’em.’ enemies; self-preservation beat see also one ENGLISHMAN can beat three Frenchmen; it is easy to find a STICK tobeat a dog; a WOMAN, a dog, and a walnut tree, the more you beat them the better they be.beautiful see SMALL is beautiful.BEAUTY draws with a single hair 1591 J. FLORIO Second Fruits 183 Ten teemes of oxen draw much lesse, Than dothone haire of Helens tresse. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 685 Beautydrawes more then oxen. 1666 G. TORRIANO Piazza Universale 199 One hair of a womandraws more than a hundred yoke of oxen. 1712 POPE Rape of Lock II. 28 And beautydraws us with a single hair. 1941 ‘M. COLES’ They tell no Tales xxii. Beauty draws mewith a single hair if it’s blonde enough. 1945 R. L. HINE Confessions (ed. 2) 91 The oldadage.. that ‘beauty draws more than oxen.’ beautyBEAUTY is in the eye of the beholderBeauty is not judged objectively, but according to the beholder’s estimation. The idea is avery old one: THEOCRITUS Idyll vi. 18 for inthe eyes of love that which is not beautiful often seems beautiful. Cf. 1742 HUME EssaysMoral & Political II. 151 Beauty, properly speaking, lyes.. in the Sentiment or Taste of theReader. 1769 F. BROOKE Hist. Emily Montague IV. 205 You should remember, my dear,

1769 F. BROOKE Hist. Emily Montague IV. 205 You should remember, my dear, that beauty is in the lover’s eye. 1788 R. CUMBERLAND in Observer IV. cxviii. Beauty, gentlemen, is in the eye, I aver it to be in the eye of the beholder and not in the object itself. 1878 M. W. HUNGERFORD Molly Bawn I. xii. ‘I have heard she is beautiful—is she?’ ‘Beauty is in the eye of the beholder,’ quotes Marcia. 2001 Spectator 8 Dec. 58 This at once confirmed the conclusion that I had just reached after studying the photographs of the child Wladyslaw.. : beauty is not merely in the eye but also in the imagination of the beholder. beauty; love; taste BEAUTY is only skin-deep Physical beauty is no guarantee of good character, temperament, etc. Cf. a 1613 T.OVERBURY Wife (1614) B8V All the carnall beautie of my wife, Is but skinne-deep. 1616 J. DAVIES Select Second Husband B3 Beauty’s but skin-deepe. 1829 COBBETT Advice to Young Men III. cxxix. The less favoured part of the sex say, that ‘beauty is but skin deep’.. but it is very agreeable though, for all that. 1882 E. M. INGRAHAM Bond & Free xiii. Mother used to say that beauty was only skin deep, but I never before realized that bones could be so fearfully repulsive. 1978 A. PRICE ‘44 Vintage xix. Beauty is only skin-deep, but it’s only the skin you see. beauty bed see EARLY to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise; as youMAKE your bed, so you must lie upon it; there goes more to MARRIAGE than four bare legsin a bed. bedfellow see ADVERSITY makes strange bedfellows; POLITICS makes strangebedfellows. beer see he that DRINKS beer, thinks beer; LIFE isn’t all beer and skittles; TURKEY,heresy, hops, and beer came into England all in one year. Where BEES are, there is honey Cf. L. ubi mel, ibi apes, where there is honey, there are bees. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 77 Where Bees are, there is honie. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 60 Where Bees are, there is honey. Where there are industrious persons, there is wealth, for the hand of the diligent maketh rich. 1748 M. FREEMAN Word in Season 6

Take away the Bees, and.. you shall have no Honey in the Hive,.. but there always will be Honey where there are Bees. 1931 P. A. TAYLOR Cape Cod Mystery ix. It’d look.. like they was something afoot, bein’ as how there’s bees where’s honey. associates; diligence beforehand see PAY beforehand was never well served. beget see LENGTH begets loathing; LOVE begets love. Set a BEGGAR on horseback, and he’ll ride to the Devil A proverb (now frequently used elliptically) with many variations, meaning that oneunaccustomed to power or luxury will abuse it or be corrupted by it. 1576 G. PETTIE Petit Palace 76 Set a Beggar on horsebacke, and he wyl neuer alight. 1592 NASHE Pierce Penniless 1.174 These whelpes.. drawne vp to the heauen of honor from the dunghill of abiect fortune, haue long been on horseback to come riding to your Diuelship. 1616 T. ADAMS Sacrifice of Thankfulness 6 He that serues the Flesh serues his fellow: And a Beggar mounted on the backe of Honour, rides post to the Diuell. 1669 W. WINSTANLEY New Help to Discourse 151 Set a Beggar on Horse-back, and he will ride to the Devil. 1855 GASKELL North & South I. X. You know the proverb.. ‘Set a beggar on horseback, and he’ll ride to the devil,’—well, some of these early manufacturers did ride to the devil in a magnificent style. 1923 C. WELLS Affair at Flower Acres ii. I should think your early days of forced economy would have taught you not to be quite so extravagant. But there’s an old proverb—’Set a beggar on horse-back —’ and so forth, that jolly well fits you. 1961 W. H. LEWIS Scandalous Regent X. He had a good deal of the vulgarity and insolence of the beggar on horseback. good fortune; pride beggar see also SUE a beggar and catch a louse; if WISHES were horses, beggars wouldride. BEGGARS can’t be choosers The substitution of can’t for must not is a recent development. Cf. mid 15th-cent. Fr. quiempruncte ne peult choisir, he who borrows cannot choose. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. X. D1 Folke say alwaie, beggers shulde

1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. X. D1 Folke say alwaie, beggers shulde be no choosers. 1728 VANBRUGH Journey to London III. i. My Lords, says I, Beggars must not be Chusers; but some Place about a thousand a Year.. might do pretty weel. 1888 N. J. CLODFELTER Snatched from Poor House iv. Crawl out O’ that bed! I’spose you do feel a little bad, but ‘beggars can’t be choosers!’ 1939 J. SHEARING Blanche Fury 72 ‘I suppose.. you would marry any man with a good character and a fine estate.’..‘Beggars can’t be choosers, you mean!’ 2000 J. ALTMAN Gathering of Spies ix. 150 It would ruin the dress, no doubt about that. But beggars couldn’t be choosers. She drew a breath and then jumped, tucking and rolling as she came out of the train. necessity; poverty begin see CHARITY begins at home; LIFE begins at forty; the LONGEST journey beginswith a single step; when THINGS are at the worst they begin to mend; also BEGUN. beginning see a GOOD beginning makes a good ending. begun see the SOONER begun, the sooner done; WELL begun is half done. beholder see BEAUTY is in the eye of the beholder. BELIEVE nothing of what you hear, and only half of what you see Cf. a 1300 Proverbs of Alfred (1907) 35 Gin thu neuere leuen alle monnis spechen, Ne allethe thinge that thu herest singen; 1770 C. CARROLL Letter 4 Sept. in Maryland Hist. Mag.(1918) XIII. 58 You must not take Everything to be true that is told to you. 1845 E. A. POE in Graham’s Mag. Nov. 194 You are young yet.. but the time will arrive when you will learn to judge for yourself. .. Believe nothing you hear, and only one half that you see. 1933 ‘R. ESSEX’ Slade of Yard xix. It’s a good plan to believe half you see and nothing you hear. 1979 D. KYLE Green River High ii. I listened with the old magician’s warning lively in my mind; believe nothing of what you hear—and only half of what you see! 2002 Washington Times 16 Aug. A19 The Democratic candidates are lined up, and they are making hot and heavy pitches for our votes. But, as the old saying goes, believe half of what you see and none of what you hear. rumour; trust and scepticism believing see SEEING is believing.

A BELLOWING cow soon forgets her calf An excessive show of grief (at a bereavement) quickly passes. Cf. 1553 T. WILSON Art ofRhetoric 42 The Cowe lackyng her Caulfe, leaueth Loweyng within three or foure daies at thefarthest. 1895 S. O. ADDY Household Tales 142 In the East Riding they say, ‘A bletherin’ coo soon forgets her calf,’ meaning that excessive grief does not last long. 1928 London Mercury Feb. 439 Common proverb in the West Country is ‘A belving cow soon forgets her calf. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise xxxiv. When a woman, newly widowed, had tried to throw herself into her husband’s grave at his funeral.. some one.. said drily.. ‘Ah, you wait. The bellowing cow’s always the first to forget its calf.’ forgetfulness; words and deeds belly see what is GOT over the Devil’s back is spent under his belly. bent see as the TWIG is bent, so is the tree inclined. All’s for the BEST in the best of all possible worlds This saying translates Voltaire’s Tout est pour le mieux dans le meilleur des mondespossibles, the observation which the philosophical optimist Dr Pangloss in Candide (1759)persists in making, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. 1911 G. B. SHAW Shewing-up of Blanco Posnet 299 The administrative departments were consuming miles of red tape in the correctest forms of activity, and everything was for the best in the best of all possible worlds. 1943 A. CHRISTIE Moving Finger XV. I agreed with happy Miss Emily that everything was for the best in the best of possible worlds. 1961 WODEHOUSE Ice in Bedroom ii. Fate had handed him the most stupendous bit of goose [luck] and.. all was for the best in this best of all possible worlds. content and discontent; optimism The BEST is the enemy of the good A l s o the GOOD is the enemy of the best. Cf. 1770 VOLTAIRE Questions surL’Encyclopédie II. 250 c’est bien ici qu’on peut dire Il meglio e l’inimico del bene, and 1772La Béguele in Œuvres Complétes (1877) X. 50 le mieux est l’ennemi du bien.

1861 R. C. TRENCH Commentary on Epistles to Seven Churches in Asia p. v. ‘The best is oftentimes the enemy of the good’; and.. many a good book has remained unwritten .. because there floated before the mind’s eye.. the ideal of a better or a best. 1925 Times 1 Dec. 16 This is not the first time in the history of the world when the best has been the enemy of the good;.. one single step on.. solid ground may be more profitable than a more ambitious flight. 1960 D. JONES Letter 1 June in R. Hague Dai Greatcoat (1980) III. 182 Tom told me a very good Spanish proverb: ‘The best is the enemy of the good.’ 1981 Times 2 Mar. 13 To maintain that all that a school provides must be provided free makes the best the enemy of the good. good things The BEST-laid schemes of mice and men gang aft agley Often used allusively in shortened form (see quot. 1911). Gang aft agley means ‘often goawry’. 1786 BURNS Poems 140 The best laid schemes o’ Mice an’ Men, Gang aft agley. 1911 D. H. LAWRENCE Letter 21 Sept. (1979) I. 305 I am sorry the bookbinding has gone pop. But there ‘The best laid schemes’ etc. etc. 1996 H. P. JEFFERS Reader’s Guide to Murder xxvii. 179 But, like the man said, ‘The best laid plans of mice and men often go awry.’ intentions; wanting and having The BEST of friends must part Cf. c 1385 CHAUCER Troilus & Criseyde v. 343 Alwey frendes may nat ben yfeere [maynot be together]. 1611 G. CHAPMAN May-Day IV. 70 Friends must part, we came not all together, and we must not goe all together. 1685 J. DUNTON in Publications of Prince Society (1867) 10 But the dearest friends must part. 1784 J. F. D. SMYTH Tour in USA I. xxxvii. Sooner or later, all, even the dearest of friends, must part. 1821 SCOTT Kenilworth I. xi. ‘You are going to leave me, then?’.. ‘The best of friends must part, Flibbertigibbet.’ 1979 W. GOLDING Darkness Visible ii. ‘Aren’t there going to be any more lessons?’.. ‘The best of friends must part.’ absence; friends The BEST of men are but men at best

The General Lambert referred to in quot. 1680 was the Parliamentarian commander JohnLambert (1619–83), who played an important role in Cromwell’s military victories over theRoyalists in the English Civil War. 1680 J. AUBREY Letter 15 June in Brief Lives (1898) I. 12 I remember one sayeing of generall Lambert’s, that ‘the best of men are but men at best’. 1885 T. HARLEY Moon Lore 191 We can but repeat to ourselves the saying, ‘The best of men are but men at best’. 2006 Africa News 16 April (online) The suave and customer-friendly postal officers exercised the required social graces, ensuring that their customer understood, even sympathised with, these seemingly able and efficient Kenyans, toiling under an imperfect international postal system. After all, ‘the best of men are men at best.’ human nature; pragmatism; virtue The BEST things come in small packages Parcels sometimes replaces packages. Cf. 13th-cent. Fr. menue[s] parceles ensemble suntbeles, small packages considered together are beautiful; 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (French)10 The best ointments are put in little boxes. 1877 B. FARJEON Letter 22 Jan. in E. Farjeon Nursery in Nineties (1935) V. As the best things are (said to be) wrapped in small parcels (proverb), I select the smallest sheet of paper I can find.. to make you acquainted with the.. state of affairs. 1979 R. THOMAS Eighth Dwarf xviii. ‘The little gentleman.’.. ‘The best things sometimes come in small packages,’ Jackson said, wincing at his own banality. 2002 Country Life 15 Aug. 61 Back at the lodge, the scales turn at 18 pounds, four ounces—my personal best, and an über- trout by any standards. .. Sometimes good things come in big packages. great and small The BEST things in life are free 1927 B. G. DE SILVA et al. Best Things in Life are Free (song) 3 The moon belongs to ev’ryone, The best things in life are free, The stars belong to ev’ryone, They gleam there for you and me. 1955 W. GADDIS Recognitions II. ii. Someone once told them the best things in life are free, and so they’ve got in the habit of not paying. 2002 Washington Post 12 Jan. C12 The best things in life are free—friendships and sunshine still cost nothing—but some of the worst things are also free. good things; money It is BEST to be on the safe side 1668 DRYDEN & NEWCASTLE Sir Martin Mar-all V. i. I’m resolv’d to be on the

1668 DRYDEN & NEWCASTLE Sir Martin Mar-all V. i. I’m resolv’d to be on the sure side. 1811 J. AUSTEN Sense & Sensibility III. iv. Determining to be on the safe side, he made his apology in form as soon as he could say any thing. 1847 MARRYAT Children of New Forest I. xi. Be on the safe side, and do not trust him too far. 1935 L. I. WILDER Little House on Prairie iii. Best to be on the safe side, it saves trouble in the end. 1981 Economist 28 Nov. 100 The Rowland-Molina hypothesis about the damaging effects of CFCs has not been disproved, so it is best to be on the safe side. prudence; security best see also ACCIDENTS will happen (in the best-regulated families); ATTACK is thebest form of defence; the best DEFENSE is a good offense; why should the DEVIL have allthe best tunes?; the best DOCTORS are Dr Diet, Dr Quiet, and Dr Merryman; EAST, west,home’s best; EXPERIENCE is the best teacher; FIRST thoughts are best; FIRST up, bestdressed; the GOOD is the enemy of the best; HONESTY is the best policy; HOPE for the bestand prepare for the worst; HUNGER is the best sauce; he LAUGHS best who laughs last;LAUGHTER is the best medicine; if you have to LIVE in the river, it is best to be friends withthe crocodile; it is best to be OFF with the old love before you are on with the new; an oldPOACHER makes the best gamekeeper; SECOND thoughts are best; SILENCE is a woman’sbest garment. BETTER a century of tyranny than one day of chaos Ibn Taymiyyah (or Taimiya) was a fourteenth-century scholar of Damascus; this sayingseems to have originated in his Kitāb al-Siyasa al-Shar’iya (Book of Divinely Ordered[literally, ‘Sharia’] Politics) written c 1311–15 (see quot. 1966). 1966 F. RAHMAN Islam 239 Ibn Tamiya immediately follows up the.. alleged Hadith with the quotation, ‘sixty days of an unjust ruler are much better than one night of lawlessness’. 1994 H. MUTALIB Islam in Malaysia 64 Ibn Taymiyyah maintained that it is better to suffer a corrupt leadership for sixty days rather than face one day of chaos and anarchy. 2004 ‘Taking Hostages’ on www.pbs.org 30 Sept. You know there’s a very famous Arab saying that says.. something like 40 years of tyranny, not one day of chaos. And this chaos.. that has engulfed Iraq for the last year and a half is just devastating for the prospects of any future American backed government in Iraq. 2007 posting in Arizona Republic on www.azcentral.com 22 Jan. I wonder if, before waging war against Iraq, President Bush had ever heard the famous Arab saying: ‘Better a century of tyranny than one day of chaos.’ rulers and ruled BETTER a dinner of herbs than a stalled ox where hate is

Herbs here is used in the archaic sense of’plants of which the leaves are used as food’, anda stalled ox is one that is fattened in a stall for slaughter. With allusion to PROVERBS xv. 17(Geneva (1560) translation, which is closely followed by AV) Better is a dinner of green herbswhere love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith. 1817 S. SMITH Letter 13 Mar. in S. Holland Memoir (1855) II. 138 When you think of that amorous and herbivorous parish of Covent Garden, and compare it with my agricultural benefice, you will say, ‘Better is the dinner of herbs where love is, than the stalled ox,’ etc. etc. 1914 ‘SAKI’ Beasts & Super-Beasts 227 The ox had finished the vase-flowers.. and appeared to be thinking of leaving its rather restricted quarters. .. I forget how the proverb runs. .. Something about ‘better a dinner of herbs than a stalled ox where hate is’. 1979 J. DRUMMOND I saw Him Die viii. Lunch was a silent affair. .. I said, ‘“Better a dinner of herbs than a stalled ox where hate is.” ‘ content and discontent; food and drink; malice BETTER a good cow than a cow of a good kind A good character is better than a distinguished family. 1922 J. BUCHAN Huntingtower X. I’m no weel acquaint wi’ his forbears, but I’m weel eneuch acquaint wi’ Sir Erchie, and ‘better a guid coo than a coo o’ a guid kind’, as my mither used to say. family; human nature BETTER are small fish than an empty dish 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs 204 Better are small fish then an empty dish. 1862 A. HISLOP Proverbs of Scotland 171 Sma’ fish are better than nane. 1874 painted on cornice at Ascott House, Wing, Bucks., UK. Better are small fish than an empty dish. 1971 J. GLUSKI Proverbs 133 Better are small fish than an empty dish. 2000 Pravda (English version, online ed.) 17 Oct. Why should the great ones of this world settle such particular questions? However, the answer is simple: better a small fish than an empty dish. content and discontent BETTER be an old man’s darling, than a young man’s slave 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. vii. 13V Many yeres sens, my mother seyd to me, Hyr elders wold saie, it ys better to be An olde mans derlyng, then a yong mans werlyng [object of scorn]. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 74 Better an old Man’s

Darling, than a young Man’s Wonderling, say the Scots, Warling, say the English. 1859 J.R. PLANCHÉ Love & Fortune 8 Let defeated rivals snarling, Talk of one foot in thegrave. Better be an old man’s darling, Than become a young man’s slave. 1980 J.MARCUS Marsh Blood ix. Find yourself an older man. Much better to be an old man’sdarling, than a young man’s slave. 1992 ‘C. AIRD’ ‘Man Who Rowed for Shore’ in InjuryTime (1995) 14 [S]he had been brought up by her mother on the well-attested aphorismthat it was better to be an old man’s darling than a young’s [sic] man’s slave .. love;wives and husbandsBETTER be envied than pitiedCf. PINDAR Pythian Odes I. 163 envy is stronger than pity;HERODOTUS Hist. iii. 52 , it is better to be envied thanto be pitied; mid 15th-cent. Fr. trop plus vaut estre envié que plaint, it is much better to beenvied than pitied; ERASMUS Adages IV. iv. 87 praestat invidiosum esse quam miserabilem. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs i. xi. D2V Sonne, better be envied thenpitied, folke sey. a 1631 DONNE Poems (1633) 94 Men say, and truly, that they better beWhich be envyed then pittied. 1902 G. W. E. RUSSELL Onlooker’s Note-Book xxxiii.Her friend responded sympathetically, ‘My dear, I’d much rather be envied than pitied.’malice; pityBETTER be out of the world than out of the fashion 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 171 As good out of th’ world as out o’th’ fashion. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation ii. 117 ‘Why, Tom, you are high in theMode.’ .. ‘It is better to be out of the World, than out of the Fashion.’ 1903 E. F.MAITLAND From Window in Chelsea IV. Women seem seldom hindered by lack ofmoney when it is a case of follow-my-leader. ‘Better be out of the world than out of thefashion.’ 1935 J. MAXTON If I were Dictator i. Dictatorships are fashionable just now.There was an old-time song which said ‘If you are out of the fashion you had better leavethe world.’ noveltyBETTER be safe than sorryNow very often in the form better safe than sorry.1837 S. LOVER Rory O’More II. xxi. ‘Jist countin’ them,—is there any harm in

that?’ said the tinker: ‘it’s betther be sure than sorry’. 1933 Radio Times 14 Apr. 125 Cheap distempers very soon crack or fade. Better be safe than sorry. Ask for Hall’s. 1972 J. WILSON Hide & Seek vii. It’s not that I want to shut you in.. but—well, it’s better to be safe than sorry. 2002 Washington Post 12 Jan. C10 (Garfield comic strip) ‘You’re breaking up with me? But we’ve never dated. You don’t want to take any chances?’ ‘Better safe than sorry.’ prudence; security BETTER late than never Cf . DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS Roman Antiquities ix. 9 it is better to start doing what one has to late than not atall; LIVY Hist. IV. ii. potius sero quam nunquam. c 1330 in C. Keller Die Mittelenglische Gregoriuslegende (1941) 146 A. Better is lat than neuer blinne [cease] Our soules to maken fre. c 1450 LYDGATE Assembly of Gods (EETS) 1.1204 Vyce to forsake ys bettyr late then neuer. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs i. x. C4 Things done, can not be vndoone,.. But better late then neuer to repent this. 1708 S. OCKLEY Conquest of Syria I. 276 Whilst he was murdering the unhappy Aleppians, Caled (better late than never) came to their Relief. 1954 A. HUXLEY Letter 16 Sept. (1969) 711 I am sorry your holiday will have to be postponed so long; but better late than never. 2002 Washington Post 17 Feb. SC4 (Sally Forth comic strip) ‘Consider these a “late Valentine’s Day” bouquet.’ ‘It was three days ago.’ ‘I know, but better late than never, I always say.’ ‘Better never late, I always say.’ lateness BETTER one house spoiled than two Said of two foolish or wicked people joined in marriage and troubling only themselves.Spoiled (or spilled [destroyed]) is sometimes contrasted with filled (see quots. 1670 and1805). 1586 T. B. tr. de la Primaudaye’s French Academy xlvi. The wicked and reprobate, of whom that common proverbe is spoken, that it is better one house be troubled with them than twaine. 1587 R. GREENE Penelope’s Web V. 162 The old prouerb is fulfild, better one house troubled than two. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 51 Better one house fill’d then two spill’d. This we use when we hear of a bad Jack who hath married as bad a Jyll. 1805 W. BENTLEY Diary 28 May (1911) III. 161 One of the company discovering a disposition to speak much of his own wife.. the Gen. observed.. One house filled was better than two spoiled. 1924 Folk-Lore XXXV. 358 Better one house spoilt than two (said when a witless a man marries a foolish woman). marriage

The BETTER the day, the better the deed Frequently used to justify working on a Sunday or religious festival. Cf. early 14th-cent.Fr. a bon jour bone euvre, for a good day, a good deed. 1607 MIDDLETON Michaelmas Term III. i. Why, do you work a’ Sundays, tailor? The better day the better deed, we think. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 328 The better Day, the better Deed. I never heard this used but when People say that they did such an ill thing on Sunday. 1896 J. C. HUTCHESON Crown & Anchor xiii. The better the day, the better the deed.. It was only the Pharisees who objected to any necessary work being done on the Sabbath. 1995 D. WILLIAMS Death of Prodigal ‘And he was coming back here with us after, for Sunday lunch. I’ve just cleaned the car in his honour, too. The better the day, the better the deed, like.’ action and inaction BETTER the devil you know than the devil you don’t know Cf. 1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages 48 Nota res mala, optima. An euyl thyngeknowen is best. It is good kepyng of a shrew [a scolding or ill-tempered woman] that a manknoweth; 1576 G. PETTIE Petit Palace 84 You had rather keepe those whom you know,though with some faultes, then take those whom you knowe not, perchaunce with moe faultes;1586 D. ROWLAND tr. Lazarillo de Tormes H6V The olde prouerbe: Better is the euillknowne, than the good which is yet to knowe. 1857 TROLLOPE Barchester Towers II. vii. ‘Better the d—you know than the d— you don’t know,’ is an old saying.. but the bishop had not yet realised the truth of it. 1937 W. H. SAUMAREZ SMITH Letter 16 May in Young Man’s Country (1977) ii. Habit has practically made me resigned to Madaripur—’Better the devil you know than the devil you don’t.’ 1987 S. STEWART Lifting the Latch 166 I knowed he’d never change, it ‘ud always be ‘Don’t-be-so-daft’ and no appreciation; but better the Black ‘un thee knows than the devil thee don’t. 2007 Times 14 Sept. 28 More than half (54 per cent) think that it is time for a change, while about two fifths (43 per cent) say that it is ‘better to stick with the devil you know’. familiarity It is BETTER to be born lucky than rich 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 49 Better to have good fortune then be a rich mans child. 1784 New Foundling Hospital for Wit (new ed.) IV. 128 Estate and

honours!—mere caprich! Better be fortunate than rich: Since oft me find..Is verify’d what proverbs prate. 1846 M. A. DENHAM Denham Tracts (1892) I. 224 Better to be born lucky than rich. 1926 D. H. LAWRENCE in Harper’s Bazaar July 97 ‘Then what is luck, mother?’ ‘It’s what causes you to have money. If you are lucky you have money. That’s why it’s better to be born lucky than rich. If you’re rich you may lose your money. But if you’re lucky, you will always get more money.’ 1980 T. MORGAN Somerset Maugham XV. This was Maugham at his most lighthearted, exposing the fallacy of the moralist position. ‘I’m glad to be able to tell you that it has a moral,’ he said, ‘and that is: it’s better to be born lucky than to be born rich.’ luck; riches BETTER to die on your feet than live on your knees Cf. 1936 D. IBARRURI speech 3 Sept Il vaut mieux mourir debout que de vivre à genoux!The saying is also attributed to the Mexican revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata (1879–1919). 1941 Charleston Gazette 25 June 6/2 The president puts it in another way at Cambridge when he says: ‘We would rather die on our feet that live on our knees’. 1955 Evening Standard (Uniontown, Pennsylvania) 18 Aug. 4/1 We face the fact that it demoralizes concepts that have perennially ruled the minds of free men. ‘It is better to die on one’s feet that live on one’s knees’ is no longer bravely proclaimed. In an atomic war people neither die on their feet nor live on their knees. 1993 Washington Post 7 March (online) Better to die on your feet than live on your knees. Yeah. But what about sitting around in a Designated Smoking Area? Is that living? 2007 Times Magazine 1 Sept. 90 Few sights induce such ambivalence in me as a bird in a cage. [They] may live up to 15 years in captivity, as opposed to three or four in the wild, a classic quality versus quantity dilemma.. Better to die on your feet, surely, or, er, talons, or wings, I suppose, than live on your knees.. If owls have knees. courage It is BETTER to give than to receive The AV form is also used (see quot. 2001): ACTS xx. 35 It is more blessed to give, than toreceive. c 1390 GOWER Confessio Amantis v. 7725 Betre is to yive than to take. c 1527 T. BERTHELET tr. Erasmus’ Sayings of Wise Men B2 It is better to gyue than to take, for he that takethe a gyfte of another is bonde to quyte [repay] it, so that his lyberte is gone. 1710 S. PALMER Proverbs 351 ‘Tis better to Give than to Receive, but yet ‘tis Madness to give so much Charity to Others, as to become the Subject of it our Selves. 1980 Times (Christmas Supplement) 15 Nov. p. i. There is no harm in reminding your relatives and

friends that it is better to give than to receive. 2001 Washington Times 2 July B9 (Herb & Jamaal comic strip)’Herb, you know the old saying: “It is more blessed to give than to receive.” ‘ ‘What, presents?’ ‘No, advice.’ giving and receiving BETTER to have loved and lost, than never to have loved at all 1700 CONGREVE Way of World II. i. Say what you will, ‘tis better to be left, than never to have lov’d. 1812 G. CRABBE Tales xiv. Better to love amiss than nothing to have lov’d. 1850 TENNYSON In Memoriam xxvii. 44 ‘Tis better to have loved and lost Than never to have loved at all. 1953 B. PYM Jane & Prudence i. One wondered if it was really better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all, when poor Prudence seemed to have lost so many times. 2002 Times 2 15 Oct. 9 That cliché, it is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all, applies to me. love, blighted BETTER to light one candle than to curse the darkness The motto of the American Christopher Society (founded 1945), said by the society toderive from ‘an ancient Chinese proverb’. 1962 Adlai Stevenson in New York Times 8 Nov. 34 She [Eleanor Roosevelt] would rather light a candle than curse the darkness, and her glow has warmed the world. 2000 Straits Times (online ed.) 26 Aug. He is certainly one who believes it is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness. 2002 Spectator 12 Jan. 26 A fortnight ago, protesters.. wound their way on a candlelit walk through deep snow from the forest up into the citadel. ‘There is an English saying,’ one of them.. told me. ‘It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.’ action and inaction BETTER to live one day as a tiger than a thousand years as a sheep Recorded as the view of Tipu Sahib c 1750–99, sultan of Mysore in India; see quot. 1800. 1800 A. BEATSON View of Origin and Conduct of War with Tippoo Sultaun x. 153 ‘In this world I would rather live two days like a tiger, than two hundred years like a sheep.’ 1997 Daily Telegraph (online ed.) 8 Mar. The title of Anne Haverty’s novel [ One Day as a Tiger] derives from an old Tibetan proverb: ‘It is better to have lived one day as a tiger than a thousand years as a sheep. action and inaction; boldness

BETTER to marry than to burn With allusion to I CORINTHIANS vii. 8–9 (AV) I say therefore to the unmarried andwidows, It is good for them if they abide even as I. But if they cannot contain, let them marry:for it is better to marry than to burn. 1911 G. B. SHAW Getting Married 116 St Paul’s reluctant sanction of marriage; .. his contemptuous ‘better to marry than to burn’ is only out of date in respect of his belief that the end of the world was at hand and that there was therefore no longer any population question. 1973 J. PORTER Murder with Dover 58 ‘You didn’t approve?’ Miss Marsh pursed her lips. ‘We are told it is better to marry than to burn,’ she said. ‘And he could have done worse, I suppose.’ 2000 Washington Times 15 Nov. E12 (Herb & Jamaal comic strip) [T]hey say,.. ‘It is better to marry than to burn’.. But I’ll tell ya, among the things they say, what I’m most curious about is.. who are ‘they’? marriage It is BETTER to travel hopefully than to arrive 1881 R. L. STEVENSON Virginibus Puerisque IV. 190 To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive, and the true success is to labour. 1918 D. H. LAWRENCE in English Review Jan. 29 Love is strictly a travelling. ‘It is better to travel than to arrive,’ somebody has said. 1959 ‘J. DUNCAN’ My Friend Muriel II. 83 Remember,.. it is better to travel hopefully than to arrive. The satisfaction lies mainly in the travelling. 2002 Rough News Spring 2 (comic strip)‘They say it’s better to travel than to arrive.’ ‘“They” have obviously never been on this bus!’ expectation; optimism; travel BETTER to wear out than to rust out It is better to remain active than to succumb to idleness: used particularly with reference toelderly people. Frequently attributed in its current form to Bishop Richard Cumberland (d.1718). Cf. 1557 R. EDGEWORTH Sermons A1V Better it is to shine with laboure, then torouste for idlenes; 1598 SHAKESPEARE Henry IV, Pt. 2 I. ii. 206 I were better to be eaten todeath with a rust than to be scoured to nothing with perpetual motion. 1820 in Southey Life of Wesley II. xxv. I had rather wear out than rust out. 1834 M. EDGEWORTH Helen II. xiii. Helen.. trembled for her health.. but she repeated her favourite maxim—’Better to wear out, than to rust out.’ 1947 S. BELLOW Victim xvii. It was better to wear out than to rust out, as was often quoted. He was a hard worker himself. 1972 Times 24 May 16 ‘A man will rust out sooner’n he’ll wear out’ is one of his oft-repeated maxims. action and inaction; old age

BETTER wed over the mixen than over the moor It is better to marry a neighbour than a stranger. For mixen, see quot. 1661. a 1628 in M. L. Anderson Proverbs in Scots (1957) no. 320 Better to wow [woo] over middin, nor [than] over mure. a 1661 T. FULLER Worthies (Cheshire) 174 Better Wed over the Mixon [midden] then over the Moor.. that is, hard by or at home, Mixon being that heap of Compost which lyeth in the yards of good husbands. 1818 SCOTT Heart of Midlothian III. vi. He might hae dune waur [worse] than married me. .. Better wed over the mixen as over the moor, as they say in Yorkshire. 1874 T. HARDY Far from Madding Crowd I. xxii. ‘That means matrimony.’ .. ‘Well, better wed over the mixen than over the moor,’ said Laban Tall. familiarity; marriage better see also DISCRETION is the better part of valour; the GREY mare is the betterhorse; a LIVE dog is better than a dead lion. BETWEEN two stools one falls to the ground Inability to choose between, or accommodate oneself to, alternative viewpoints or coursesof action is likely to end in disaster. Now more common in the metaphorical phrase to fallbetween two stools. Cf. medieval L. labitur enitens sellis herere duabus, he falls trying to siton two seats; also current in early 16th-cent. German (woodcut in Thomas Murner’sSchelmenzunft, 1516). c 1390 GOWER Confessio Amantis IV. 626 Thou farst [farest] as he betwen tuo stoles That wolde sitte and goth to grounde. c 1530 R. HILL Commonplace Book (EETS) 129 Betwen two stolis, the ars goth to grwnd. 1841 DICKENS Old Curiosity Shop I. xxxiii. She was.. still in daily occupation of her old stool opposite to that of her brother Sampson. And equally certain it is, by the way, that between these two stools a great many people had come to the ground. 1907 W. DE MORGAN Alice-for-Short xvi. Your mother wants to put it off on me. .. But I won’t be let into saying anything. .. Charles saw that between the two stools the young couple wouldn’t fall to the ground, but would go to the altar. 1979 A. CHISHOLM Nancy Cunard xxi. Politically, Nancy had fallen between stools. decision and indecision beware see let the BUYER beware; beware of an OAK it draws the stroke.

bicycle see a WOMAN without a man is like a fish without a bicycle. Never BID the Devil good morrow until you meet him 1873 J. MORRIS Wanderings of Vagabond ii. 19 The firm of Giles & Morris never looked ahead to meet trouble, but were firm believers in an old Irish adage, which affirms that, ‘It’s time enough to bid the devil good morning when you meet him.’ 1905 A. CARNEGIE James Watt iv. 77 Roebuck, on the contrary, continued hopeful and energetic, and often rallied his pessimistic partner on his propensity to look upon the dark side. He was one of those who adhered to the axiom, ‘Never bid the devil good-morning till you meet him.’ 1923 Seanad Eireann 14 June (electronic ed.) MR. LINEHAN: Have you any indication as to whether the National Health Insurance Bill will be certified as a Money Bill? It looks very like the Unemployment Insurance Bill. AN CATHAOIRLEACH: It may be, but never bid the devil good morrow until you meet him. MR. LINEHAN: It may be too late then. 1929 F. D. GRIERSON Green Diamond Mystery vi. 66 By the time they reached Calais Kit had wisely resolved, in the classic phrase, not to bid the Devil good-morrow till he met him; in other words, to wait until he saw June, and then be guided by her reception of him. 1998 Beloit Daily News 19 Mar. (electronic ed.) Over the weekend, Ryan responded to hypothetical questions about having Fitzgerald on the ticket by saying ‘We should never bid the devil good morning until we meet him.’ good and evil BIG fish eat little fish a 1200 Old English Homilies (EETS) 2nd Ser. 179 The more [bigger] fishes in the se eten the lasse [smaller]. c 1300 in J. Small English Metrical Homilies (1862) 136 Al this werld es bot a se,.. And gret fisches etes the smale. For riche men of this werd [world] etes, That pouer [the poor] wit thair travail getes. 1608 SHAKESPEARE Pericles II. i. 27 Master, I marvel how the fishes live in the sea.—Why, as men do a-land—the great ones eat up the little ones. 1979 New Society 6 Dec. 557 The state today.. seems like nothing so much [as] a huge aquarium. .. Big fish eat little fish, and the great fish eat the big. great and small BIG fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite them, and little fleas have lesserfleas, and so ad infinitum 1733 SWIFT Poems II. 651 The Vermin only teaze and pinch Their Foes superior by an Inch. So Nat’ralists observe, a Flea Hath smaller Fleas that on him prey, And these have smaller Fleas to bite ’em, And so proceed ad infinitum. 1872 A. DE MORGAN Budget of Paradoxes 377 Great fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite ’em, And

little fleas have lesser fleas, and so ad infinitum. And the great fleas themselves, in turn, have greater fleas to go on; While these again have greater still, and greater still, and so on. 1979 R. BARNARD Posthumous Papers ii. There will be a long article in the Sunday Chronicle. . and I’m afraid the Sunday Grub has got onto the story as well. Big fleas and little fleas, you know—. 2001 Times 22 Dec. 19 They [CERN scientists] would identify another lacuna in our knowledge which would require even bigger and better facilities to decide whether it could or could not be explained. ‘Great fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite ’em, and little fleas have lesser fleas and so ad infinitum.’ associates; great and small big see also PROVIDENCE is always on the side of the big battalions; SPEAK softly andcarry a big stick. The BIGGER they are, the harder they fall Commonly attributed to the boxer Robert Fitzsimmons, prior to a fight c 1900 (see quot.1902). (Come is sometimes used instead of are; see quot. 1971.) A similar form is howeverfound in earlier related proverbs, such as: 1493 H. PARKER Dives & Pauper R7V It is moresynne in the man For the higher degre [position] the harder is the fal; 1670 J. RAY EnglishProverbs 102 The higher standing the lower fall. The idea can be traced back at least as far asthe 4th-cent. AD Latin poet Claudian (In Rufinum I. 22 Tolluntur in altum Ut lapsu gravioreruant, men are raised on high in order that they may fall more heavily). 1902 National Police Gazette 27 Sept. 6 ‘If I can get close enough,’ he [Fitzsimmons] once said, ‘I’ll guarantee to stop almost anybody. The bigger the man, the heavier the fall.’ 1927 ‘C. BOYER’ Mosaic Earring i. ‘I haven’t seen.. even an imitation of the blossom I would have to find before I surrender my sweet freedom.’ ‘The bigger they are, the harder they fall.’ 1971 J. CLIFF (song-title) The bigger they come the harder they fall. 1981 H. & B. BRETT Promises to Keep ix. ‘I thought a big, beautiful place like this would be an exception to the general decline.’ ‘Sometimes,’ Mrs. Benjamin said sagely, ‘the bigger they are, the harder they fall.’ 2002 New Scientist 30 Mar. 14 (headline) The bigger you are, the harder you fall. great and small; misfortune bill see DEATH pays all debts. billet see every BULLET has its billet. bind see SAFE bind, safe find.

binding see you can’t tell a BOOK by its cover. A BIRD in the hand is worth two in the bush It is better to accept or be content with what one has than to try to get more and risk losingeverything. Cf. 13th-cent. L. plus valet in manibus avis unica quam dupla silvis, one bird inthe hands is worth more than two in the woods. Parodied by the American actress Mae West(1892–1980) in the 1934 movie Belle of the Nineties: ‘A man in the house is worth two in thestreet.’ c 1450 J. CAPGRAVE Life of St. Katharine (EETS) II. iii. It is more sekyr [certain] a byrd in your fest, Than to haue three in the sky a-boue. c 1470 Harley MS 3362 f.4 Betyr ys a byrd in the hond than tweye in the wode. 1581 N. WOODES Conflict of Conscience IV. i. You haue spoken reasonably, but yet as they say, One Birde in the hande, is worth two in the bush. 1678 BUNYAN Pilgrim’s Progress I. 42 That Proverb, A Bird in the hand is worth two in the Bush, is of more Authority with them, then are all.. testimonies of the good of the world to come. 1973 G. GREENE Honorary Consul II. iii. We have an expression in English—A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. I don’t know anything about that ‘afterwards’. I only know I would like to live another ten years. 2002 Oxford Times 18 Jan. 15 The firm could realise a very good price now. .. The situation may not be as good as this in three or four years. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. prudence; risk A BIRD never flew on one wing Mainly Scottish and Irish. Now frequently used to justify a further gift, esp. another drink. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 308 The Bird must flighter [flutter] that flies with one Wing. Spoken by them who have Interest only in one side of the House. 1824 S. FERRIER Inheritance III. xxxii. ‘The bird maun flichter that flees wi’ ae wing’—but ye’s haud up your head yet in spite o’ them a’. 1914 K. F. PURDON Folk of Furry Farm ii. He held out a shilling to Hughie. ‘A bird never yet flew upon the one wing, Mr. Heffernan!’ said Hughie, that was looking to get another shilling. 1925 S. O’CASEY Juno & Paycock III. 89 Fourpence, given to make up the price of a pint, on th’ principle that no bird ever flew on wan wing. 1980 J. O’FAOLAIN No Country for Young Men iii. I’ll just have another quick one. A bird never flew on wan wing. food and drink bird see also as good be an ADDLED egg as an idle bird; you cannot CATCH old birdswith chaff; the EARLY bird catches the worm; FINE feathers make fine birds; it’s an ILL bird

that fouls its own nest; in vain the NET is spread in the sight of the bird. There are no BIRDS in last year’s nest Circumstances have altered. 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote II. lxxiv. I pray you go not on so fast, since that in the nests of the last yeere, there are no birds of this yeere. Whilom [formerly] I was a foole, but now I am wise. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 4863 There are no Birds this Year, in last year’s Nest. 1845 LONGFELLOW Poems 62 All things are new..even the nest beneath the eaves;—There are no birds in last year’s nest. 1946 H. MCELROY Unkindly Cup I. ii. 23 ‘I am not as bad, or as unfeeling as I sound. It was my memory that was groaning—not the other part of my anatomy.’ ‘“There are no birds in last year’s nests”,’ Bland quoted sententiously. change; circumstances BIRDS in their little nests agree A nursery proverb, also used as a direction, which states that young children should notargue among themselves. 1715 I. WATTS Divine Songs 25 Birds in their little Nests agree; And ‘tis a shameful Sight, When Children of one Family Fall out, and chide, and fight. 1868 L. M. ALCOTT Little Women i. ‘Birds in their little nests agree,’ sang Beth, the peacemaker. 1961 J. STEINBECK Winter of our Discontent I. i. ‘Birds in their little nests agree,’ he said. ‘So why can’t we?.. You kids can’t get along even on a pretty morning.’ 1980 A. T. ELLIS Birds of Air (1983) 52 Her mother used to say to her and Mary: ‘Birds in their little nests agree.’ harmony and disharmony BIRDS of a feather flock together People of the same (usually, unscrupulous) character associate with one another, as dobirds of the same species. Cf. APOCRYPHA Ecclesiasticus xxvii. 9 (AV) The birds will resortunto their like, so will truth return unto them that practise in her. 1545 W. TURNER Rescuing of Romish Fox B8 Byrdes of on kynde and color flok and flye allwayes together. 1599 J. MINSHEU Spanish Grammar 83 Birdes of a feather will flocke together. 1660 W. SECKER Nonsuch Professor 81 Our English Proverb.. That

birds of a feather will flock together. To be too intimate with sinners, is to intimate that you are sinners. 1828 BULWER-LYTTON Pelham III. xv. It is literally true in the systematised roguery of London, that ‘birds of a feather flock together.’ 2001 Washington Times 15 July D7 Birds of a feather flock together, so the second thing you should do is find another friend who’s less troubled than the first. associates; human nature; similarity and dissimilarity Little BIRDS that can sing and won’t sing must be made to sing 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 343 The bird that can sing and will not sing must be made to sing. 1846 DICKENS Cricket on Hearth ii. ‘The bird that can sing and won’t sing, must be made to sing, they say,’ grumbled Tackleton. ‘What about the owl that can’t sing, and oughtn’t to sing, and will sing?’ 1888 A. QUILLER-COUCH Troy Town i. ‘A little music might perhaps leave a pleasant taste.’.. ‘Come, Sophy! Remember the proverb about little birds that can sing and won’t sing?’ 1904 G. K. CHESTERTON Napoleon of Notting Hill II. i. When the disdainful oligarchs declined to join in the songs of the men of the Broadway .., the great Republican leader, with his rough humour, said the words which are written in gold upon his monument, ‘Little birds that can sing and won’t sing, must be made to sing.’ 1952 J. KNOX Little Benders 18 Heaven wasn’t so far away when you could do your own singing about it. Mama believed that and many a time she said, ‘A body who can sing and won’t sing ought to be made to sing.’ obstinacy; speech and silence bite see (noun) a BLEATING sheep loses a bite; every DOG is allowed one bite; (verb) aBARKING dog never bites; BIG fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite them; DEADmen don’t bite. The man who has once been BITTEN by the snake fears every piece of rope Chinese proverb, also found in Japan. 1937 H. H. HART 700 Chinese Proverbs (1960) no. 527 One year bitten by a snake, for three years afraid of a grass rope. 1981 DALAI LAMA quoted in Observer 5 Apr. (online) Frankly speaking, it is difficult to trust the Chinese. Once bitten by a snake you feel suspicious even when you see a piece of rope. 1995 E. C. SYMMES Netsuke 94 The snake appears in many Japanese proverbs—the man who has once been bitten by the snake fears every piece of rope, or ‘once bitten, twice shy.’ 2004 New York Times 25 June 9 (online) China’s chief trade negotiator, Vice Premier Wu Yi, cited a Chinese proverb, ‘Once bitten by a snake, one is terrified of the mere sight of a piece of rope.’ experience

bitten see also ONCE bitten, twice shy. black see it doesn’t matter if a CAT is black or white.. ; the DEVIL is not so black as he ispainted; FEBRUARY fill dyke, be it black or be it white; TWO blacks don’t make a white. blame see a BAD workman blames his tools; COMMON fame is seldom to blame. The BLEATING of the kid excites the tiger The victim’s cries of distress stir up the predator; Kipling took the idea, in a story aboutschoolboys giving bullies a taste of their own medicine, from Francis Galton’s The Art ofTravel (1855; ‘one of the forms had been studying that pleasant work’). 1899 KIPLING ‘Moral Reformers’ in Stalky & Co Ruffle his hair, Turkey. Now you get down, too. ‘The bleatin’ of the kid excites the tiger.’ 1921 F. HAMILTON Here, There and Everywhere 13 I have a strong suspicion that the unhappy goats played a part.. and that they were tethered in different parts of the jungle, for, as we all know, ‘the bleating of the kid excites the tiger.’ 2006 Jewish Russian Telegraph 21 Feb. (online) Serial apologies too numerous to count, $50 million thrown to his tormentors in an attempt to make the issue go away.. —none of this worked. It never works. On the contrary, once again the bleat of the lamb excited the tiger. misfortune A BLEATING sheep loses a bite Opportunities are missed through too much chatter. 1599 J. MINSHEU Dialogues in Spanish 20 That sheepe that bleateth looseth a bit [mouthful]. 1659 G. TORRIANO English & Italian Dict. 37 A bleating sheep loseth her pasture. 1861 T. HUGHES Tom Brown at Oxford II. vii. He said something about a bleating sheep losing a bite; but I should think this young man is not much of a talker. 1978 R. v. JONES Most Secret War xlv. I thought of reminding him [Churchill] of an adage that I had learnt from my grandfather: ‘Every time a sheep bleats it loses a nibble.’ opportunity, missed; speech and silence BLESSED is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed 1727 POPE Letter 6 Oct. (1956) II. 453 I have.. repeated to you, a ninth Beatitude..

‘Blessed is he who expect nothing, for he shall never be disappointed.’ 1739 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (May) Blessed is he that expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed. 1931 A. R. & R. K. WEEKES Emerald Necklace xix. ‘When I get back.. I shall expect to find all our luggage in the hall.’ ‘Blessed is he that expecteth nothing,’ said Louis, ‘for he shall not be disappointed.’ 1997 Washington Times 28 Feb. C16 My dear grandmother.. gave me a plaque many years ago that contains a motto to live by: ‘Blessed are those who expect nothing, for they will not be disappointed.’ blessings; disappointment blessed see also it is BETTER to give than to receive; blessed are the DEAD that the rainrains on. BLESSINGS brighten as they take their flight Cf. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 989 Blessings are not valued, till they are gone. 1742 YOUNG Night Thoughts II. 37 How blessings brighten as they take their flight. 1873 ‘S. COOLIDGE’ What Katy Did xi. Blessings brighten as they take their flight. Katy began to appreciate for the first time how much she had learned to rely on her aunt. 1929 G. M. WHITE Square Mark i. It has been said that one never knows one’s blessings until one has lost them. blessings; gains and losses There’s none so BLIND as those who will not see Parallel to there’s none so DEAF as those who will not hear. In both proverbs, will not hasthe force of’does not wish to’ or ‘refuses to’. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. ix. K4 Who is so deafe, or so blynde, as is hee, That wilfully will nother here nor see. 1551 CRANMER Answer to Gardiner 58 There is no manne so.. blynd as he that will not see, nor so dull as he that wyll not vnderstande. 1659 P. HEYLYN Examen Historicum 145 Which makes me wonder.. that having access to those Records. . he should declare himself unable to decide the doubt. .. But none so blind as he that will not see. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation iii. 191 You know, there’s none so blind as they that won’t see. 1852 E. FITZGERALD Polonius 58 ‘None so blind as those that won’t see.’.. A single effort of the will was sufficient to exclude from his view whatever he judged hostile to his immediate purpose. 2000 P. LOVESEY Reaper xv. 185 Owen shook his head and picked up his drink. ‘There’s none so blind as those that will not see.’ ignorance; obstinacy

When the BLIND lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch Now more common in the metaphorical phrase, the blind leading the blind. With allusionto MATTHEW xv. 14 (AV) Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blindlead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. c 897 ALFRED Gregory’s Pastoral Care (EETS) i. Gif se blinda thone blindan lœt, he feallath begen [both] on œnne pytt. c 1300 Body & Soul (1889) 49 Ac hwanne the blinde lat the blinde, In dike he fallen bothe two. 1583 B. MELBANCKE Philotimus 165 In the ditch falls the blind that is led by the blind. 1836 CARLYLE Sartor Resartus II. iii. It is written, When the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. .. May it not sometimes be safer, if both leader and led simply—sit still? 1908 H. M. SYLVESTER Olde Pemaquid 12 If the blind lead the blind, the ditch is but a little way on. 1947 L. P. HARTLEY Eustace & Hilda xvi. To get Hilda out of the house was a step forward, even in a Bath chair.. even if they could see nothing beyond their noses, the blind leading the blind. ignorance; rulers and ruled A BLIND man’s wife needs no paint 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (Spanish) 4 The blind mans wife needs no painting. 1736 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (June) God helps them that help themselves. Why does the blind man’s wife paint her self? 1892 C. M. YONGE Old Woman’s Outlook in Hampshire Village 166 His [the schoolmaster’s] copies too were remarkable. One was ‘A blind man’s wife needs no paint.’ ‘Proverbs, sir, Proverbs,’ he answered, when asked where it came from. appearance; wives and husbands blind see also in the COUNTRY of the blind, the one-eyed man is king; a DEAF husbandand a blind wife are always a happy couple; LOVE is blind; a NOD’S as good as a wink to ablind horse; NOTHING so bold as a blind mare. bliss see where IGNORANCE is bliss, ‘tis folly to be wise. You cannot get BLOOD from a stone Frequently used, as a resigned admission, to mean that it is hopeless to try extortingmoney, etc., from those who have none. Other unyielding or unlikely substances aresometimes substituted for stone; the turnip version is frequent in North America.

c 1435 J. LYDGATE Minor Poems (EETS) 666 Harde to likke hony out of a marbil stoon, For ther is nouthir licour nor moisture. 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 161 There’s no getting of bloud out of that wall. 1836 MARRYAT Japhet iv. There’s no getting blood out of a turnip. 1850 DICKENS David Copperfield xi. Blood cannot be obtained from a stone, neither can anything on account be obtained.. from Mr. Micawber. 1925 J. S. FLETCHER False Scent ix. ‘You’ll never get it. .. ‘ ‘He’ll have to pay me when he loses!’ ‘You can’t get blood out of a stone.’ 2001 K. HALL PAGE Body in Moonlight vii. 120 ‘“You can’t get blood from a stone,” Nick was saying. They were both really ripping. You could tell.’ 2002 London Review of Books 3 Jan. 5 In Dr Eckener’s time you couldn’t get blood from a turnip, and you couldn’t get helium from any place but the United States of America. meanness; possibility and impossibility BLOOD is thicker than water Predominantly used to mean that a family connection will outweigh other relationships.Cf. 12th-cent. Ger. ouch hoer ich sagen, daz sippebluot von wassere niht verdirbet, also I hearit said that kin-blood is not spoiled by water; 1412 LYDGATE Troy Book (EETS) III. 2071 Fornaturely blod will ay of kynde Draw vn-to blod, wher he may it fynde. 1813 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 5) 281 Blood’s thicker than water. 1815 SCOTT Guy Mannering II. xvii. Weel—blood’s thicker than water—she’s welcome to the cheeses. 1914 WODEHOUSE Man upstairs & Other Stories 115 But though blood, as he was wont to remark while negotiating his periodical loans, is thicker than water, a brother-in-law’s affection has its limits. 2000 G. FARRELLY Duped by Derivatives i. 1 They say blood is thicker than water. That was all Theresa Clancy could think about that Wednesday morning when she opened the office door. family The BLOOD of the martyrs is the seed of the Church The Church has thrived on persecution. Cf. TERTULLIAN Apologeticus I. semen estsanguis Christianorum, the blood of Christians is seed. 1560 J. PILKINGTON Aggeus the Prophet U4V Cipriane wrytes that the bloud of Martirs is the seede of the Church. 1655 T. FULLER Church Hist. Britain I. iv. Of all Shires in England, Stafford-shire was.. the largest sown with the Seed of the Church, I mean, the bloud of primitive Martyrs. 1889 J. LUBBOCK Pleasures of Life II. xi. The Inquisition has even from its own point of view proved generally a failure. The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church. 1979 Church Times 15 June 10 It is not merely that ‘the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church’; it is that a little persecution is good for you. adversity; Christianity

BLOOD will have blood Violence begets violence. Cf. GENESIS ix. 6 (AV) Who so sheddeth man’s blood, by manshall his blood be shed. a 1449 J. LYDGATE Minor Poems (EETS) 512 Blood will have wreche [vengeance], that wrongfully is spent. 1559 Mirror for Magistrates (1938) 99 Blood wyll haue blood, eyther fyrst or last. 1605–6 SHAKESPEARE Macbeth III. iv. 122 It will have blood; they say blood will have blood. 1805 SOUTHEY Madoc I. vii. Blood will have blood, revenge beget revenge. 1974 A. FOREST Cricket Term i. ‘Blood will have blood,’ quoted Lawrie smugly. revenge; violence BLOOD will tell Family characteristics or heredity cannot be concealed. 1850 G. H. BOKER World a Mask IV. in S. Bradley Glaucus (1940) 38 He looked like the tiger in the Zoological, when I punch him with my stick. .. Game to the backbone —blood will tell. 1914 WODEHOUSE Man upstairs & Other Stories 253 Blood will tell. Once a Pittsburgh millionaire, always a Pittsburgh millionaire. 2002 Oldie June 63 By the end, she herself has turned out to be the cousin of‘darling Clare’, and the daughter of long-lost Sir David Beaumont,.. which is a bit of a cheat really because blood will out, won’t it, and it’s not surprising that Daisy is such a marvel. family bloom see when the FURZE is in bloom, my love’s in tune; when the GORSE is out ofbloom, kissing’s out of fashion. blow see it’s an ILL wind that blows nobody any good; NORTH wind doth blow, we shallhave snow; SEPTEMBER blow soft, till the fruit’s in the loft; STRAWS tell which way thewind blows. BLUE are the hills that are far away A northern proverb comparable to DISTANCE lends enchantment to the view. Green issometimes found instead of blue. Cf. the GRASS is always greener on the other side of thefence.

C CAESAR’s wife must be above suspicion Julius Caesar replied thus (according to Plutarch) when asked why he had divorced hiswife Pompeia. He considered his honour and position compromised, since she was indirectlyassociated with Publius Clodius’ trial for sacrilege. Cf. 1580 LYLY Euphues & his England II.101 Al women shal be as Caesar would haue his wife, not onelye free from sinne, but fromsuspition. 1779 A. ADAMS Letter 4 Jan. in L. H. Butterfield et al. Adams Family Correspondence (1973) III. 148 It is a very great misfortune that persons imployed in the most important Departments should.. have seperate interests from the publick whom they profess to serve. Caesars wife ought not to be suspected. 1847 J. C. & A. W. HARE Guesses at Truth (ed. 3) 1st Ser. 263 Caesar’s wife ought to be above suspicion...Caesar himself ought to be so too. 1965 O. MILLS Dusty Death xxi. Policemen.. are like. ..candidates for the Church of England ministry. .. and Caesar’s wife. .. Not only they, but all their relations, must be above suspicion. 1990 Washington Times 9 July D2 He [i.e. Governor D. Wilder] ought to bear in mind the maxim of one of Caligula’s more lucid predecessors: Caesar’s wife must be above suspicion. And so should Caesar. associates; conduct cake see you cannot HAVE your cake and eat it. calf see a BELLOWING cow soon forgets her calf. call see call no man HAPPY till he dies; he who PAYS the piper calls the tune. called see MANY are called but few are chosen. calm see AFTER a storm comes a calm. camel see it is the LAST straw that breaks the camel’s back; TRUST in God but tie yourcamel.

He who CAN, does; he who cannot, teaches There are many (frequently humorous) variations on this proverb. 1903 G. B. SHAW Maxims for Revolutionists in Man & Superman 230 He who can, does. He who cannot, teaches. 1979 Daily Telegraph 6 Aug. 8 A version of an old adage came to me—those who can, do, those who can’t, attend conferences. 1981 P. SOMERVILLE-LARGE Living Dog i. He who can, does sang the train wheels, he who cannot, teaches. 1999 ‘H. CRANE’ Miss Seeton’s Finest Hour iii. 19 ‘A teacher of art,’ she corrected him politely with a sigh. ‘Those who can,’ she explained as he seemed about to protest her modesty, ‘do—as Mr. Shaw has so pithily expressed it. Those who cannot..’ She sighed. ‘Teach,’ she concluded sadly. 2002 Washington Times 11 July D8 (Herb & Jamaal comic strip) ‘Rev. Croom, as a man of the cloth, do you consider yourself an example of perfection?’ ‘No. .. I may wear this collar, but I struggle with being a human as much as the next guy. I guess that’s what’s meant when they say..’ He who can, does; he who cannot, preaches.’ efficiency and inefficiency; work candle see BETTER to light one candle.. ; CANDLEMAS day, put beans in the clay, putcandles and candle-sticks away. candlelight see never CHOOSE your women or your linen by candlelight. If CANDLEMAS day be sunny and bright, winter will have another flight; ifCandlemas day be cloudy with rain, winter is gone, and won’t come again In the Church calendar, the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary and thePresentation of Christ in the Temple falls on 2 February, which is known as Candlemas Daybecause candles are blessed at church services on that festival. In North America, 2 Februaryis popularly known as Groundhog Day; the very similar weather prediction associated with itarises through the notion that if the groundhog emerges from its burrow on that day into brightsunlight and is frightened by its own shadow it will go back for a further six weeks’hibernation. The superstition was known from at least as early as the early sixteenth century:cf. 1523 SKELTON Works I. 418 Men were wonte for to discerne By candlemas day whatwedder shulde holde. Quot. 1584’s version of the rhyme is close to the Latin lines in quot.1678. 1584 R. SCOT Discovery of Witchcraft XI. XV. If Maries purifieng daie, Be cleare and bright with sunnie raie, The frost and cold shalbe much more, After the feast than was before. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 51 If Candlemas day be fair and bright

Winter will have another flight: If on Candlemas day it be showre and rain, Winter is gone and will not come again. This is a translation.. of that old Latin Distich; Si Sol splendescat Maria purificante, Major erit glacies post festum quam fuit ante. 1980 Times 2 Feb. 11 Today is Candlemas Day. So let us see if the old legend holds good again as it did last year. ‘If Candlemas day be sunny and bright, winter will have another flight; if Candlemas day be cloudy with rain; winter is gone and won’t come again.’ weather lore CANDLEMAS day, put beans in the clay; put candles and candle-sticks away For Candlemas Day see preceding proverb. The two halves of the proverb appear to havecome together comparatively recently, with the instruction about sowing beans possibly beingdisplaced from St Valentine’s day (14 Feb.) in response to the shift from the Old Style to theNew Style calendar; cf. the rhyme attested from c 1640 On Saint Valentine’s Day cast beans inclay But on Saint Chad (2 Mar.) sow good or bad (John Smyth, Berkeley MSS 33. no. 89). 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 344 On Candlemas day throw candle and candlestick away. 1876 T. F. THISELTON-DYER British Popular Customs 55 From Candlemas the use of tapers at vespers and litanies, which had continued through the whole year, ceased until the ensuing All Hallow Mass.. On Candlemas Day, throw candle and candlestick away. 1948 F. THOMPSON Still glides Stream ii. Broad beans were planted.. on Candlemas Day. Candlemas Day, stick beans in the clay, Throw candle and candlestick right away, they would quote. 1974 K. BRIGGS Folklore of Cotswolds ii. Candlemas Day was the time.. when lights were extinguished. .. An old rhyme said: Candlemas Day, put beans in the clay: Put candles and candle-sticks away. calendar lore; garden lore If the CAP fits, wear it Used with reference to the suitability of names or descriptions as demonstrated by thebehaviour of the person concerned. Cf. if the SHOE fits, wear it. The cap in question wasoriginally a dunce’s cap, as is shown by the following: 1600 N. BRETON Pasquil’s Fools-CapA3 Where you finde a head fit for this Cappe, either bestowe it vpon him in charity, or sendhim where he may haue them for his money. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 2670 If any Fool finds the Cap fit him, let him wear it. 1750 RICHARDSON Clarissa (ed. 3) VII. ii. If indeed thou findest.. that the cap fits thy own head, why then.. clap it on. 1854 DICKENS Hard Times II. vii. ‘Mercenary. .. Who is not mercenary?’.. ‘You know whether the cap fits you. .. If it does, you can wear it.’ 1985 ‘J. GASH’ Pearlhanger xi. Little crooks get chased. Big crooks.. get knighted and freedom. I don’t mean bankers and insurance syndicates, incidentally, though if the

cap fits.. conduct; reputation capacity see GENIUS is an infinite capacity for taking pains. caravan see DOGS bark, butthe caravan goes on. Where the CARCASE is, there shall the eagles be gathered together With allusion to MATTHEW xxiv. 28 (AV) Wheresoever the carcase is, there will theEagles be gathered together. Modern translations read ‘vultures’ for ‘eagles’. c 1566 W. P. tr. Curio’s Pasquin in Trance 33 Where the caraine [carrion] is, thither do the Eagles resort. 1734 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Jan.) Where carcasses are, eagles will gather, And where good laws are, much people flock thither. 1929 C. BUSH Perfect Murder Case x. On the way he explained his appearance at the inquest on the twin lines of busman’s holiday and that where the carcass is there will the vultures be gathered together. 1979 ‘S. WOODS’ Proceed to Judgement 190 [He] was surprised to find Sir Nicholas and Vera, as well as Roger and Meg, having tea with Jenny. ‘Where the carcase is, there shall the eagles be gathered together,’ he commented, not very politely. associates card see LUCKY at cards, unlucky in love. CARE killed the cat Cf. CURIOSITY killed the cat. There is some shift in meaning between care = worry, griefand care = carefulness, caution, and in quot. 1962 the meaning is ‘care lavished on the cat’,rather than care exercised by it. 1598–9 SHAKESPEARE Much Ado about Nothing v. i. 133 Though care kill’d a cat, thou hast mettle enough in thee to kill care. 1726 SWIFT Poems II. 761 Then, who says care will kill a cat? Rebecca shews they’re out in that. 1890 ‘R. BOLDREWOOD’ Miner’s Right II. xxiii. He was always ready to enjoy himself. .. ‘Care killed a cat.’ 1949 S. SMITH Holiday xii. We must be careful of that. Care killed the cat, said Caz. 1962 A. CHRISTIE Mirror Crack’d xxii. Care killed the cat, they say. .. You don’t want kindness rubbed into your skin,.. do you? 1979 F. SELWYN Sergeant Verity & Blood Royal xx. ‘Pretty sure, Mr. Crowe? I was bloody near ten feet short of it, that’s all!’.. ‘Come on now, Verity. Care might kill a cat! Look to the future!’ stress

Don’t CARE was made to care Quot. 1959 gives the version of the traditional children’s rhyme found at Hackney,London. 1959 I. & P. OPIE Lore and Language of Schoolchildren iii. 50 To ‘don’t-cares’ the traditional saying is: Don’t care was made to care, Don’t care was hung, Don’t care was put in a pot And boiled till he was done. 1992 D. LESSING African Laughter 223 Look at the maize. How do we know what bugs the Portuguese brought in with maize? We don’t know! We don’t care! Well, don’t care was made to care.. you ought to be able to stick a finger easily into real soil. 2001 Spectator 19 May 13 And as the crime spawned by permissiveness reaches even into the most secluded cul-de-sac, they will find that an egalitarian government is neutral between victim and offender, so that while they cannot defend themselves, there is nobody out there to protect them. Don’t care will be made to care then. trouble care see also CHILDREN are certain cares, but uncertain comforts; take care of thePENCE and the pounds will take care of themselves. Be CAREFUL what you pray for, you might get it 1933 Oakland Tribune 24 Feb B7 At 11a.m., the Rev. Tob Watt, pastor, will preach on ‘Be Careful What You Pray For—You Might Get It.’ 1985 Washington Post 22 Apr. A2 Be careful what you pray for, it is said, for your prayer might be granted. Reagan now is being Reagan, and the true believers are learning more than they ever wanted to know about the perils of unleashing him. 1995 CNN, 2 Mar. Public opinion polls show well over 70 percent of Americans are in favor. But it reminds me of a little prayer you hear— or adage you hear from time to time—’Be careful what you pray for, you just might get it.’ Is it your sense that the majority of Americans who do want a balanced budget really know what they’re in for? 2002 Times 4 Mar. 4 Howard had been thoroughly upbeat about the future. ‘These last few weeks I’ve had to say: Be careful what you pray for, because it might happen!’ caution; hope careful see if you can’t be GOOD, be careful. The CARIBOU feeds the wolf, but it is the wolf who keeps the caribou strong Inuit proverb, stressing the interrelationship between predator and prey.

1963 F. MOWAT Never Cry Wolf (1979) 90 This is why the caribou and the wolf are one: for the caribou feeds the wolf but it is the wolf who keeps the caribou strong. 2006 World Wildlife Fund website 31 Oct. ‘Arctic Wolf’ In most Native American mythologies, the wolf is revered as a powerful spirit and its place in the web of life is seen as vital. An old Inuit saying from the Kivalliq Region in northern Canada, says: ‘The caribou feeds the wolf, but it is the wolf who keeps the caribou strong.’ 2007 ‘Without a Park to Range’ weblog 30 Jan. If you don’t believe biologists, heed an Inuit proverb based on thousands of years of observation: ‘The caribou feeds the wolf, but it is the wolf who keeps the caribou strong.’ strength and weakness A CARPENTER is known by his chips a 1533 LD. BERNERS Hist. Arthur (1582) 162b I know well my lorde Arthur hath been here. .. He is a good carpenter, for he hath made here a faire sight of chips. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. vii. 14 Muste she not (quoth he) be welcome to vs all, Amonge vs all, lettyng suche a farewell fall? But such carpenters, such chips. Quoth she folke tell. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation ii. 153 ‘You have eaten nothing.’.. ‘See all the Bones on my Plate: They say, a carpenter’s known by his Chips.’ 1962 Washington Daily News 24 July 14 In the idiom of the Middle West, you can tell a wood chopper by his chips. President Kennedy’s economic report.. was based on the scientific estimates of his Council of Economic Advisers. appearance; human nature carry see a DOG that will fetch a bone will carry a bone; SPEAK softly and carry a bigstick; everyone SPEAKS well of the bridge which carries him over. cart see don’t PUT the cart before the horse. case see CIRCUMSTANCES alter cases; HARD cases make bad law; no one should beJUDGE in his own cause. Ne’er CAST a clout till May be out A warning not to leave off old or warm clothes until the end of May. The proverb does notrefer to May blossom, as is sometimes assumed. 1706 J. STEVENS Spanish & English Dict. s.v. Mayo, Hasta passado Mayo no te

quites el sayo, Do not leave off your Coat till May be past. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 6193 Leave not off a Clout [item of clothing], Till May be out. 1832 A. HENDERSON Scottish Proverbs 154 Cast ne’er a clout till May be out. 1948 R. GRAVES White Goddess x. In ancient Greece, as in Britain, this [May] was the month in which people went about in old clothes—a custom referred to in the proverb ‘Ne’er cast a clout ere May be out,’ meaning ‘do not put on new clothes until the unlucky month is over.’ 1970 N. STREATFEILD Thursday’s Child xxv. I still wear four petticoats.. Ne’er cast a clout till May be out. 1996 C. DUNN Murder on Flying Scotsman i. 7 Brought up on ‘Ne’er cast a clout till May be out’ (May month or may blossom? she had always wondered), Daisy was wearing her green tweed winter coat. calendar lore; dress cast see also COMING events cast their shadows before; OLD sins cast long shadows; donot throw PEARLS to swine. castle see an ENGLISHMAN’S house is his castle. casualty see TRUTH is the first casualty of war. It doesn’t matter if a CAT is black or white, as long as it catches mice Chinese saying advocating pragmatism, possibly coined by Deng Xiaoping (1904–97). 1997 Daily Telegraph 20 Feb. (obituary of Deng Xiaoping, quoting from early 1960s) It doesn’t matter if a cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice. 2001 I. CASES and v. DE LORENZO ‘The black cat/white cat principle of signal integration in bacterial promoters’ in Embo Journal xx ‘Black cat, white cat: whatever catches the mouse is a good cat’ (Chinese proverb). 2006 South China Morning Post 9 May (online) Director of Broadcasting Chu Pui-hing.. said RTHK.. also had to abide by the rules. ‘There is a saying: “It doesn’t matter whether it’s a black cat or white cat. It’s a good cat as long as it catches mice.” .. [W]e are well aware that catching mice alone doesn’t make us a good cat. We need to be a cat that catches mice according to the rules.’ efficiency and inefficiency; pragmatism A CAT in gloves catches no mice Restraint and caution (or ‘pussyfooting’) achieve nothing. Cf. 14th-cent. Fr. chat engaunténe surrizera ja bien, a gloved cat will never mouse well.

1573 J. SANFORDE Garden of Pleasure 105 A gloued catte can catche no myse. 1592 G. DELAMOTHE French Alphabet II. 1 A mufled Cat is no good mouse hunter. 1758 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Preface) Handle your Tools without Mittens; remember that the Cat in Gloves catches no Mice. 1857 DICKENS Little Dorrit II. xiv. Mrs. General, if I may reverse the common proverb.. is a cat in gloves who will catch mice. That woman.. will be our mother-in-law. 1922 E. PHILLPOTTS Red Redmaynes ix. As we say in Italy, ‘if you put a cat into gloves, she will not catch mice.’ You have been in gloves ever since you knew Madonna was a widow. 1979 Country Life 21 June 2047 There is hardly one [cat] but flings back the lie in the face of the old saying that a cat in gloves catches no mice. Why dirty your paws when your servants will do it for you? efficiency and inefficiency A CAT may look at a king 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. v. H3 What, a cat maie looke on a king, ye know. 1590 R. GREENE Never too Late VIII. 181 A Cat may look at a King, and a swaynes eye hath as high a reach as a Lords looke. 1721 N. BAILEY English Dictionary s.v. Cat, A Cat may look upon a King. This is a saucy Proverb, generally made use of by pragmatical Persons. 1935 I. COMPTON-BURNETT House & its Head xi. There is no harm in that, dear. A cat may look at a king; and it is only in that spirit that my poor brother looks at Alison. 2001 Times 23 Nov. 20 Our trivia quiz shows are intended to show that taxi drivers are as clever as philosophers and poets. A cat may look at a king. equality; society When the CAT’s away, the mice will play Cf. early 14th-cent. Fr. ou chat na rat regne, where there is no cat the rat is king; c 1470Harley MS 3362 in Retrospective Review (1854) May 309 The mows lordchy-pythe [rules]ther a cat ys nawt; 1599 SHAKESPEARE Henry V I. ii. 172 To her unguarded nest the weaselScot Comes sneaking, and so sucks her princely eggs, Playing the mouse in absence of the cat. 1607 T. HEYWOOD Woman killed with Kindness II. 135 Mum; there’s an old prouerbe, when the cats away, the mouse may play. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 68 When the cat is away, the mice play. 1876 I. BANKS Manchester Man III. xiv. Mrs. Ashton, saying ‘that when the cat’s away the mice will play’, had decided on remaining at home. 1925 S. O’CASEY Juno&Paycock I. 13 It’s a good job she has to be so often away, for when the cat’s away, the mice can play! 2001 R. HILL Dialogues of Dead xxx. 258 ‘When I’m having the time of my life, you’d not deprive me of the pleasure of thinking about all those poor sods back here working their fingers to the bone.’ ‘You don’t really believe that, do you? When the cat’s away..’ discipline; opportunity, taken

The CAT, the rat, and Lovell the dog, rule all England under the hog The allusion is explained in quot. 1586. 1516 R. FABYAN New Chronicles of England & France VIII. 219V The Catte the Ratte And Louell our dogge Rulyth all Englande under a hogge. The whiche was ment that Catisby Ratclyffe And the Lord Louell Ruled the lande under the kynge. 1586 R. HOLINSHED Chronicles III. 746 [Richard III executed] a poore gentleman called Collingborne [in 1484], for making a small rime of three of his.. councellors,.. lord Louell, sir Richard Ratcliffe.. and sir William Catesbie. .. The Cat, the Rat, and Louell our dog, Rule all England vnder an hog. Meaning by the hog, the.. wild boare, which was the Kings cognisance [coat of arms]. 1816 SCOTT Antiquary ii. ‘His name.. was Lovel.’ ‘What! the cat, the rat, and Lovel our dog? Was he descended from King Richard’s favourite?’ 1973 A. CHRISTIE Postern of Fate I. ii. The cat, the rat and Lovell, the dog, Rule all England under the hog. .. The hog was Richard the Third. rulers and ruled The CAT would eat fish, but would not wet her feet Cf. medieval L. catus amat piscem, sed non vult tingere plantas, the cat loves a fish, butdoes not wish to wet its feet. c 1225 in Englische Studien (1902) XXXI. 7 Cat lufat visch, ac he nele his feth wete. c 1380 CHAUCER House of Fame III. 1783 For ye be lyke the sweynte [tired] cat That wolde have fissh; but wostow [do you know] what? He wolde nothing wete his clowes. c 1549 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs i. xi. B8V But you lust not to do, that longeth therto. The cat would eate fyshe, and wold not wet her feete. 1605–6 SHAKESPEARE Macbeth I. vii. 44 Letting ‘I dare not’ wait upon ‘I would’, Like the poor cat i’ th’ adage. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 6130 Fain would the Cat Fish eat, but she’s loth her Feet to wet. 1928 Sphere 7 Jan. 36 ‘The cat would fain eat fish, but would not wet his feet.’.. In modern days one might paraphrase it into ‘bad sailors would fain enjoy the sun, but would not cross the channel’. decision and indecision; wanting and having cat see also CARE killed the cat; CURIOSITY killed the cat; feed a DOG for three daysand he will remember your kindness for three years.. ; DOGS look up to you, cats look downon you, pigs is equal; KEEP no more cats than will catch mice; WANTON kittens make sobercats; there is more than one WAY to skin a cat; there are more WAYS of killing a cat thanchoking it with cream; also CATS.

You cannot CATCH old birds with chaff The wise and experienced are not easily fooled. 1481 CAXTON Reynard the Fox (1880) xl. Wenest [do you think] thou thus to deceyue. .. I am no byrde to be locked ne take by chaf. I know wel ynowh good corn. c 1590 Timon (1842) IV. ii. Tis well.—An olde birde is not caught with chaffe. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 126 You can’t catch old birds with chaff. 1853 THACKERAY Newcomes II. xv. They ogled him as they sang.. with which chaff our noble bird was by no means to be caught. 1961 ‘L. BRUCE’ Die All, Die Merrily (1986) xx. 188 ‘But why, headmaster? On what do you base that?’ ‘Aha,’ said Mr. Gorringer, ‘old birds are not to be caught with chaff. I sensed it as soon as you failed to name him among your “possibles.”’ experience; wisdom catch see also it doesn’t matter if a CAT is black or white, as long as it catches mice; aCAT in gloves catches no mice; a DROWNING man will clutch at a straw; EAGLES don’tcatch flies; the EARLY bird catches the worm; FIRST catch your hare; HONEY catches moreflies than vinegar; KEEP no more cats than will catch mice; if you RUN after two hares youwill catch neither; a SHUT mouth catches no flies; if the SKY falls we shall catch larks; SUE abeggar and catch a louse; set a THIEF to catch a thief; see also caught. CATCHING’s before hanging 1818 A. N. ROYALL Letters from Alabama (1830) xxxvi. Yes, says Marchant, but catching’s before hanging—the villain’s cleared out. 1876 W. G. NASH New England Life vii. Catchin’ before spankin’ is the rule. 1961 E. SEEMAN In Arms of Mountain 60 Ketchin’ comes before hangin’, I always say. action and consequence All CATS are grey in the dark The proverb, which turns on the concept that the night obscures all distinguishing features,is used in a variety of contexts. c 1549 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs i. v. A6 V When all candels be out, all cats be grey. All thyngs are then of one colour. 1596 T. LODGE Margarite of America H2V All cattes are grey in the darke.. and therefore (good madam) you doe well to preferre the eie. 1745 B. FRANKLIN Letter 25 June in Papers (1961) III. 31 And as in the dark all Cats are grey, the Pleasure of corporal Enjoyment with an old Woman is at least

equal, and frequently superior. 1886 H. JAMES Princess Casamassima I. xiv. ‘If she isn’t, what becomes of your explanation?’.. ‘Oh, it doesn’t matter; at night all cats are grey.’ 1990 R. RICHARDSON Dying of Light xi. 130 He braked as a cat scuttled in front of him. .. ‘Was that black?’ ‘All cats are grey in the dark,’ Tess quoted. ‘But it could have been. That’s lucky.’ 2007 New Scientist 30 June 45 There is a French expression which in English becomes ‘at night all cats are grey’, but the Hungarian version of this translates as ‘at night all cows are black’. similarity and dissimilarity cattle see HURRY no man’s cattle. caught see don’t SELL the skin till you have caught the bear. cause see no one should be JUDGE in his own cause. cease see WONDERS will never cease. century see BETTER a century of tyranny than one day of chaos. certain see CHILDREN are certain cares, but uncertain comforts; NOTHING is certain butdeath and taxes; NOTHING is certain but the unforeseen. chaff see you cannot CATCH old birds with chaff; a KING’S chaff is worth more thanother men’s corn. A CHAIN is no stronger than its weakest link 1856 C. KINGSLEY Letter 1 Dec. (1877) II. 499 The devil is very busy, and no one knows better than he, that ‘nothing is stronger than its weakest part’. 1868 L. STEPHEN in Cornhill Mag. XVII. 295 A chain is no stronger than its weakest link; but if you show how admirably the last few are united.. half the world will forget to test the security of the.. parts which are kept out of sight. 1986 L. J. PETER Peter Pyramid ii. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link; and the longer the chain, the more weak links. strength and weakness Don’t CHANGE horses in mid-stream

The proverb is also used in the phrase to change horses in mid-stream. 1864 A. LINCOLN Collected Works (1953) VII. 384 I am reminded.. of a story of an old Dutch farmer, who remarked to a companion once that ‘it was best not to swap horses when crossing streams’. 1929 R. GRAVES Good-bye to All That xxiii. ‘If ours is the true religion why do you not become a Catholic?’.. ‘Reverend father, we have a proverb in England never to swap horses while crossing a stream’. 1967 RIDOUT & WITTING English Proverbs Explained 41 Don’t change horses in midstream. .. If we think it necessary to make changes, we must choose the right moment to make them. 1979 D. MAY Revenger’s Comedy ix. Changing horses, love? I should look before you leap. decision and indecision A CHANGE is as good as a rest 1890 A. CONAN DOYLE in Lippincott’s Monthly Mag. Feb. x. 198 Well, I gave my mind a thorough rest by plunging into a chemical analysis. One of our greatest statesmen has said that a change of work is the best rest. So it is. 1895 J. THOMAS Randigal Rhymes 59 Change of work is as good as touchpipe [a short interval of rest]. 1903 V. S. LEAN Collectanea III. 439 Change of work is rest. (Manx.) 1951 M. COLES Now or Never ii. On the principle that a change of work is a rest, we redecorated the bathroom. .. We came to the conclusion that the saying is a fallacy. 1967 O. MILLS Death enters Lists viii. There would be no fish-bits for Whiskers.. but she could buy him some fish-pieces; and a change was as good as a rest, she remembered. 1984 D. CANNELL Thin Woman xiii. Me old grandpa used to say ‘a change is as good as a rest’, and at my time of life variety don’t often come aknocking. 1994 S. SHAW Villain of Earth (1995) iv. 33 ‘No disrespect to John Quennell, but my career’s not really advancing as it ought to, and perhaps our relationship’s a little on the stale side. A change is as good as a rest, as they say.’ change; recreation CHANGE the name and not the letter, change for the worse and not the better Explained in William Henderson’s Notes on the Folk Lore of the Northern Counties ofEngland and the Borders (1866): ‘It is unlucky for a woman to marry a man whose surnamebegins with the same letter as her own’ (p. 26). 1853 Notes & Queries 1st ser. VIII. 150 Is the following distich known in any part of England? ‘To change the name but not the letter, Is to marry for worse, and not for better.’ I met with it in an American book, but it was probably an importation. 1936 T. C. H. JACOBS Appointment with Hangman ii. 18 ‘Change the name and not the letter, change for the worse and not the better. She ought to be warned about that.’ 1950 woman

from Forfar, Angus, quoted in I. OPIE & M. TATEM Oxford Dictionary of Superstitions (1996) 238 A change of name and not of letter Is a change for the worse and not the better. marriage; superstition change see also (verb) if you are not the LEAD dog, the view never changes; theLEOPARD does not change his spots; TIMES change and we with time. chaos see BETTER a century of tyranny than one day of chaos. chapel see where GOD builds a church, the Devil will build a chapel. CHARITY begins at home c 1383 in Wyclif English Works (EETS) 78 Charite schuld bigyne at hem-self. a 1625 BEAUMONT & FLETCHER Wit without Money V. ii. Charity and beating begins at home. 1659 T. FULLER Appeal of Injured Innocence I. 25 Charity begins, but doth not end, at home. .. My Church-History.. began with our own Domestick affairs. .. I intended.. to have proceeded to forrain Churches. 1748 SMOLLETT Roderick Random I. vi. The world would do nothing for her if she should come to want—charity begins at home. 1910 ‘SAKI’ Reginald in Russia 2 With her, as with a great many of her sex, charity began at homeliness and did not generally progress much farther. 1985 C. MACLEOD Plain Old Man xiv. ‘You know Aunt Emma never gives anybody a complimentary ticket. If she did,.. there’d be no money raised for charity.’ ‘I thought charity began at home.’ 1996 Washington Post 30 July C16 True, charity begins at home, but it shouldn’t end there. charity; home CHARITY covers a multitude of sins Cf. ERASMUS Responsio ad Albertum Pium (1529) 35Vquid est charitas? Est palliummonachi. Qui sic? Quia operit multitudinem peccatorum, What is Charity? A monk’s cloak.Why? Because it covers a multitude of sins. With allusion to I PETER iv. 8 (AV) For charityshall cover the multitude of sins. a 1633 G. HERBERT Priest to Temple (1652) xii. Many and wonderfull things are spoken of thee. .. To Charity is given the covering of sins. 1794 J. Q. ADAMS Letter 26 May in Writings (1913) I. 191 Faction covers at least as great a multitude of sins as charity. 1836 E. HOWARD Rattlin the Reefer I. xxx. The blue coat, like charity, cover- eth a multitude of sins. 1908 ‘O. HENRY’ Gentle Grafter 47 According to the old

proverb, ‘Charity covers a multitude of skins’. 1982 G. HAMMOND Game xvi. Charity, after all, can cover up a multitude of sins. charity; forgiveness chase see a STERN chase is a long chase. It is as CHEAP sitting as standing Commonly applied literally. 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 277 The English say, It is as cheap sitting as standing, my Masters. 1858 SURTEES Ask Mamma xlix. Let’s get chairs, and be snug; it’s as cheap sitting as standing. 1932 ‘J. J. CONNINGTON’ Sweepstake Murders ix. He returned to Tommie Redhill’s car. ‘Jump in, Inspector,’ Tommie suggested, opening the door at his side. ‘It’s as cheap sitting as standing.’ 1946 ‘R. T. CAMPBELL’ Bodies in Bookshop xix. The old man.. grunted angrily and lowered himself into a chair. I had already taken a seat. It was as cheap to sit as to stand. idleness cheap see also why buy a cow when milk is so cheap; TALK is cheap. cheapest see BUY in the cheapest market and sell in the dearest. CHEATS never prosper Also cheaters, esp. in US. Cf. a 1612 J. HARINGTON Epigrams (1618) IV. 5 Treason dothneuer prosper, what’s the reason? For if it prosper, none dare call it Treason. 1805 R. PARKINSON Tour in America II. xxix. It is a common saying in England, that ‘Cheating never thrives’: but, in America, with honest trading you cannot succeed. 1903 V. S. LEAN Collectanea II. 38 ‘Cheating never prospers.’ A proverb frequently thrown at each other by young people when playing cards. 1935 R. CROMPTON William —the Detective vi. They avenged themselves upon the newcomer .. by shouting the time- honoured taunt ‘Cheats never prosper.’ 1971 R. L. FISH Green Hell Treasure ii. ‘So you figured.. that someone in the classroom had been helping him with his homework, and that was cheating. Which you frown on.’ ‘With reason,’ Da Silva said virtuously. ‘Cheaters never prosper.’ 2001 Washington Times 30 Aug. B8 Cheaters never prosper. They only receive the keys to the city from Mayor Rudolph Giuliani. wrong-doers

cheek see there is always one who KISSES, and one who turns the cheek. cheeping see MAY chickens come cheeping. cheese see an APPLE-PIE without some cheese is like a kiss without a squeeze. A CHERRY year, a merry year; a plum year, a dumb year 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 52 A cherry year a merry year: A plum year a dumb year. This is a puerile and senceless rythme.. as far as I can see. 1869 R. INWARDS Weather Lore 14 The progress of the seasons may be watched by observing the punctuality of the vegetable world. .. A cherry year, a merry year. A plum year, a dumb year. 1979 V. CANNING Satan Sampler ix. Warboys was studying an arrangement of cherry blossom. .. The blossom was good this year. A cherry year, a merry year. garden lore chicken see don’t COUNT your chickens before they are hatched; CURSES, like chickens,come home to roost; MAY chickens come cheeping. Monday’s CHILD is fair of face Each line of the verse (quot. 1838) may be used separately. Examples relating to differentdays of the week are illustrated here for convenience. In quot. 1838 ‘Christmas’ is an unusualvariant, ‘Sabbath’ being far more common. 1838 A. E. BRAY Traditions of Devon II. 287 Monday’s child is fair of face, Tuesday’s child is full of grace, Wednesday’s child is full of woe, Thursday’s child has far to go, Friday’s child is loving and giving, Saturday’s child works hard for its living, And a child that’s born on the Christmas day Is fair and wise and good and gay. 1915 J. BUCHAN Salute to Adventurers i. I was a Thursday’s bairn, and so, according to the old rhyme, ‘had far to go’. 1935 D. JONES Journal 12 Nov. in R. Hague Dai Greatcoat (1980) II. 81 Which day’s child is ‘loving and giving’ in the rhyme?.. Is it Wednesday’s? 1957 V. BRITTAIN Testament of Experience I. ii. From the outset Shirley sustained the nursery adage which commends ‘Sunday’s child’, for she put on weight steadily and was the easiest of infants to rear. 1980 A. WILSON Setting World on Fire II. iii. She showed her contrition by stroking his hair. ‘Saturday’s child works hard for his living,’ she murmured. 1997 Washington Post 18 Dec. C27 Monday’s child is fair of face. | Tuesday’s child is full of grace. | Wednesday’s child is full of woe. | Thursday’s child has far to go. |

Friday’s child is loving and giving. | Saturday’s child works hard for a living. | And the child born on the Sabbath day | Is bonny and blithe, and good and gay. children The CHILD is the father of the man An assertion of the unity of character from youth to manhood. Cf. 1671 MILTON ParadiseRegained IV. 220 The childhood shews the man, As morning shews the day. 1807 WORDSWORTH Poems (1952) I. 226 My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky: So was it when my life began.. The Child is father of the Man. 1871 S. SMILES Character ii. The influences which contribute to form the character of the child.. endure through life. .. ‘The child is father of the man.’ 1907 E. GOSSE Father & Son xii. We are the victims of hallowed proverbs, and one of the most classic of these tells us that ‘the child is the father of the man’. 2002 Washington Post 31 May C7 ‘The child is father of the man’ is an idea that’s been around for a while, but Gail Tsukiyama takes this notion and tweaks it, ever so gently. children; human nature child see also a BURNT child dreads the fire; PRAISE the child, and you make love to themother; SPARE the rod and spoil the child; it takes a whole VILLAGE to bring up a child; it isa WISE child that knows its own father. CHILDREN and fools tell the truth Cf. late 14th-cent. Fr. pour savoir vrai de chose toute, yvre, enffant, sot et femme escoute,to know the truth about everything, listen to drunkards, children, idiots, and women; c 1425 inAnglia (1885) VIII. 154 Atte laste treuthe was tryed oute of a childe and dronken man. 1537 in Letters & Papers of Reign of Henry VIII (1929) Addenda I. I. 437 It is ‘an old saying that a child, a fool and a drunken man will ever show.. the truth’. 1591 LYLY Endymion IV. ii. Children must not see Endimion, because children and fooles speake true. 1652 J. TATHAM Scots Figgaries III. 23 I am a fool ‘tis confest, but children and fooles tell truth sometimes; you know. 1805 SCOTT Letter Jan. (1932) I. 233 It is a proverb, that children and fools talk truth and I am mistaken if even the same valuable quality may not sometimes be extracted out of the tales made to entertain both. 1921 Evening Standard 21 Oct. 9 Solicitor.. ‘Are you telling the truth in this case?’ Witness.— Only children and fools tell the truth. 1972 ‘D. SHANNON’ Murder with Love ii. All he said was that children and fools speak the truth. children; fools; truth

CHILDREN are certain cares, but uncertain comforts The sense is reversed in the last quotation. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 240 Children are uncertaine comforts, but certaine cares. 1641 R. BRATHWAIT English Gentleman (ed. 3) 27 Children reflect constant cares, but uncertaine comforts. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 1095 Children are certain Cares, but uncertain comforts. 1885 E. J. HARDY How to be Happy though Married xvi. Children are not ‘certain sorrows and uncertain pleasures’ when properly managed. 1915 J. WEBSTER Dear Enemy 203 My new little family has driven everything out of my mind. Bairns are certain joy, but nae sma’ care. children and parents CHILDREN should be seen and not heard Originally applied specifically to (young) women. c 1400 J. MIRK Festial (EETS) I. 230 Hyt ys an old Englysch sawe [saying]: ‘A mayde schuld be seen, but not herd.’ 1560 T. BECON Works I. Bbb2 This also must honest maids provide, that they be not full of tongue. .. A maid should be seen, and not heard. 1773 R. GRAVES Spiritual Quixote I. III. xviii. It is a vulgar maxim, ‘that a pretty woman should rather be seen than heard’. 1820 J. Q. ADAMS Memoirs (1875) V. xii. My dear mother’s constant lesson in childhood, that children in company should be seen and not heard. 1959 M. BRADBURY Eating People is Wrong ii. ‘You think that children should be seen and not heard then?’ asked the novelist. 2002 Times 2 2 May 8 But although mothers may not want to draw attention to themselves,.. there is never any guarantee that their baby.. has yet learnt the old maxim that children should be seen and not heard. children; manners children see also the DEVIL’S children have the Devil’s luck; FOOLS and bairns shouldnever see half-done work; HEAVEN protects children, sailors, and drunken men. chip see a CARPENTER is known by his chips. choice see you PAYS your money and you takes your choice; SMALL choice in rottenapples.

choke see it is idle to SWALLOW the cow and choke on the tail. choking see there are more WAYS of killing a cat than choking it with cream; there aremore WAYS of killing a dog than choking it with butter. Never CHOOSE your women or your linen by candlelight 1573 J. SANFORDE Garden of Pleasure 51 Choose not a woman, nor linnen clothe by the candle. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 64 Neither women nor linnen by candle-light. 1737 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (May) Fine linnen, girls and gold so bright. Chuse not to take by candlelight. 1980 Woman’s Journal Dec. 105 ‘Never choose your women or your linen by candlelight,’ they used to say: a testimony to the soft, flattering glow that candles always give. appearance, deceptive; women choose see also of two EVILS choose the less. chooser see BEGGARS can’t be choosers. chosen see MANY are called but few are chosen. Christmas see the DEVIL makes his Christmas pies of lawyers’ tongues and clerks’fingers; a DOG is for life, not just for Christmas; a GREEN Yule makes a fat churchyard. The CHURCH is an anvil which has worn out many hammers The saying originated in the reply of the Calvinist theologian Theodore Beza (1519–1605)to the King of Navarre after the massacre of the Huguenots at Vassy in March 1562. The kinghad attempted to excuse the massacre on the grounds of the Protestants’ having provoked theDuke of Guise and his followers by throwing stones at them. 1853 G. DE FELICE Hist. Protestants of France I. II. v. 156 (tr. Beza to King of Navarre, 1562) It is the peculiarity of the Church of God.. to endure blows, not to give them; but yet you will be pleased to remember, that it is an anvil on which many a hammer has been broken. 1908 A. MACLAREN Acts of Apostles I. 136 The Church is an anvil which has worn out many hammers and the story of the first collision is, in essentials, the story of all. 1920 J. BUCHAN Path of King vii. ‘From this day I am an exile from France so long as it pleases God to make His Church an anvil for the blows of

His enemies.’.. ‘God’s church is now an anvil, but remember.. it is an anvil which has worn out many hammers. Christianity church see also the BLOOD of the martyrs is the seed of the Church; where GOD builds achurch, the Devil will build a chapel; he is a GOOD dog who goes to church; the NEARER thechurch, the farther from God. churchyard see a GREEN Yule makes a fat churchyard. CIRCUMSTANCES alter cases 1678 T. RYMER Tragedies of Lost Age 177 There may be circumstances that alter the case, as when there is a sufficient ground of partiality. 1776 W. HEATH Memoirs (1798) 92 Our General reflected for a moment, that as circumstances alter cases, Gen. Washington.. might possibly wish for some aid. 1895 J. PAYN In Market Overt xxxix. Circumstances alter cases even with the best of us, as was shown in a day or two in the conduct of the Lord Bishop. 1938 A. CHRISTIE Appointment with Death xiii. It is undoubtedly true that circumstances alter cases. I do feel.. that in the present circumstances decisions may have to be reconsidered. 1998 ‘C. AIRD’ Stiff News (2000) v. 56 ‘I didn’t say anything before,’ the Matron murmured awkwardly, ‘because I couldn’t imagine that it could be important.’ ‘Circumstances alter cases,’ said Crosby prosaically. circumstances circus see if you can’t RIDE two horses at once, you shouldn’t be in the circus. cite see the DEVIL can quote Scripture for his own ends. city see if every man would SWEEP his own doorstep the city would soon be clean. A CIVIL question deserves a civil answer 1853 T. C. HALIBURTON Sam Slick’s Wise Saws II. ii. Give a civil answer to a civil question. 1858 S. A. HAMMETT Piney Woods Tavern xxvii. The Squire there asked me a civil question, and that desarves a civil answer,—at least that’s manners where I come from. 1935 E. GREENWOOD Pins & Needles xi. ‘Thank you for those few words,’ Aunt said effusively. ‘I’ve got what I wanted—a civil answer to a civil question.’

CIVILITY costs nothing Politeness now often replaces civility. Cf. late 15th-cent. Fr. de bouche honnesteté.. petitcouste et vault plenté, courteous words.. cost little and are worth much. 1706 J. STEVENS Spanish & English Dict. S.V. Cortesía, Mouth civility is worth much and costs little. 1765 LADY M. W. MONTAGU Letter 30 May (1967) III. 107 Remember Civility costs nothing, and buys every thing. 1765 H. TIMBERLAKE Memoirs 73 Politeness .. costs but little. 1873 W. ALLINGHAM Rambles xiv. Civility costs nothing, it is said—Nothing, that is, to him that shows it; but it often costs the world very dear. 1980 E. HARRIS Medium for Murder x. ‘It made me hopping mad to hear you kow- towing to him.’.. ‘Politeness costs nothing,’ said Brooker. 1992 C. GRAHAM Death in Disguise v. 95 There was no call, Jill’s boss had agreed whilst comforting his employee with an iced Malibu, to take that tone. Politeness cost nothing. manners; politeness claws see a CLEVER hawk hides its claws. clay see CANDLEMAS day, put beans in the clay, put candles and candle-sticks away. clean see a clean CONSCIENCE is a good pillow; NEW brooms sweep clean; if every manwould SWEEP his own doorstep the city would soon be clean. CLEANLINESS is next to godliness Next in this proverb means ‘immediately following’, as in serial order. Cf. 1605 BACONAdvancement of Learning II. 44 Cleannesse of bodie was euer esteemed to proceed from a duereuerence to God. a 1791 WESLEY Works (1872) VII. 16 Slovenliness is no part of religion. .. ‘Cleanliness is indeed next to godliness.’ 1876 F. G. BURNABY Ride to Khiva x. ‘Cleanliness is next to Godliness.’ The latter quality, as displayed in a Russian devotee, is more allied with dirt than anything else. 1979 C. EGLETON Backfire i. The hospital staff had a thing about personal cleanliness, next to godliness, you might say. 2002 Washington Post 14 Aug. C2 But a $6,000 shower curtain? Even if cleanliness is next to godliness, isn’t that kinda steep? cleanliness CLERGYMEN’S sons always turn out badly

1885 E. J. HARDY How to be Happy though Married xix. The Proverb says that ‘Clergymen’s sons always turn out badly’. . because the children are surfeited with severe religion, not with the true religion of Christ. 1922 W. R. INGE Outspoken Essays 2nd Ser. vii. An Eton boy.. when asked why the sons of Eli turned out badly, replied ‘The sons of clergymen always turn out badly’. 1982 B. PYM Unsuitable Attachment iii. Yes, sons of the clergy often go to the bad, and daughters, too. children and parents clerk see the DEVIL makes his Christmas pies of lawyers’ tongues and clerks’ fingers. A CLEVER hawk hides its claws Japanese proverb. 1994 S. NISON Beyond Candlesticks i. There is a Japanese saying, ‘A clever hawk hides its claws.’ For over a century, the claws of Japanese technical analysis, that is candlestick charts, were a secret hidden from the western world. 1999 Medical Education XXXIII. ii. 150 No-one appears eager to reduce medical costs, and people are inclined to devote their efforts to other fields. This is encapsulated in a famous Japanese proverb: A wise hawk feigns incapacity by hiding his sharp claws. 2007 J. HUIZENGA ‘Ten Tips for Teaching English as a Foreign Language’ on www.transitionsabroad.com In classrooms outside the U.S., however, showing solidarity with classmates.. is often more important than looking good for the teacher.. This holds true in Japan and China.. where proverbs express the cultural idea in a nutshell:.. ‘The clever hawk hides its claws’. guile client see a man who is his own LAWYER has a fool for his client. climb see he that would EAT the fruit must climb the tree; the HIGHER the monkeyclimbs the more he shows his tail. Hasty CLIMBERS have sudden falls a 1439 J. LYDGATE Fall of Princes (EETS) III. 953 The wheel of Fortune tourneth as a ball; Sodeyn clymbyng axeth a sodeyn fall. c 1511 S. HAWES Comfort of Lovers (1975) A4 Clymbe not to fast, lest sodenlye ye slyde. 1592 R. GREENE Repentance in Works XII. 158 For a yong man led on by selfe will. .. Hee forseath not that such as clime hastely fall sodainely. 1605 Capt. Thomas Stukeley D1 But there are many daungers by

the way, and hastie climers quicklie catch a fall. 1616 N. BRETON Crossing of ProverbsII. A4 Hasty climbers haue sodaine falls...Not if they sit fast. 1869 C. H. SPURGEONJohn Ploughman’s Talk xix. Hints as to thriving. .. Hasty climbers have sudden falls.1987 Daily Telegraph 27 Apr. 12 The ambition to send spaceships to the red planetreminds me of the old saying: ‘Hasty climbers quickly catch a fall.’ ambitionFrom CLOGS to clogs is only three generations Said to be a Lancashire proverb. Similar to from SHIRTSLEEVES to shirtsleeves in threegenerations. The clog, a shoe with a thick wooden sole, was commonly used by factory andother manual workers in the north of England. Cf. 1700 DRYDEN Wife of Bath in FablesAncient & Modern 493 Seldom three descents continue good. 1721 J. KELLY ScottishProverbs 312 The Father buys, the Son biggs [builds], The Grandchild sells, and his Son thiggs[begs]. 1871 Notes & Queries 4th Ser. VII. 472 ‘From clogs to clogs is only threegenerations.’ A Lancashire proverb, implying that, however rich a poor man mayeventually become, his great-grandson will certainly fall back to poverty and ‘clogs’.1938 R. G. COLLINGWOOD Principles of Art v. But the poor, who are always the lastguardians of a tradition, knew that the curse of God rested on idleness, and spoke of threegenerations from clogs to clogs. 1993 ‘C. AIRD’ Going Concern (1994) vii. 51 ClaudeMiller, Chairman and Managing Director of Chern-woods’ Dyestuffs, was a livingexemplification of the old saw about it being ‘only three generations from clogs to clogs.’His father hadn’t been the man his father was and, worse still, Claude Miller wasn’t eventhe man his father had been. family; proverty close see when ONE door shuts, another opens. cloth see CUT your coat according to yourcloth.CLOTHES make the man Cf. Gk. the man is his clothing; ERASMUS Adages ‘Divitiae’ vestis virumfacit. a 1400 Prov. Wisdom 1. 59 in Archiv (1893) XC. 245 Euer maner and clothyngmakyth man. c 1445 Peter Idley’s Instructions to his Son (1935) I. 82 Ffor clothyng oftmaketh man. 1591 J. FLORIO Second Fruits 115 Though manners makes, yet apparellshapes. 1617 R. GREENE Alcida B3 The Hood makes not the Monke, nor the apparrellthe man. 1836 CARLYLE Sartor I. V. Clothes gave us individuality, distinctions, social

polity. Clothes have made men of us. 1933 J. HILTON Lost Horizon 3 Still, it did happen —and it goes some way to show that clothes make the man, doesn’t it? 2001 Washington Post 17 Dec. C12 Gem of the day (credit Mark Twain): Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society. appearance, significant; dress clothes see there is no such thing as BAD weather, only the wrong clothes. Every CLOUD has a silver lining A poetic sentiment that even the gloomiest outlook contains some hopeful or consolingaspect. Cf. 1634 MILTON Comus I. 93 Was I deceiv’d, or did a sable cloud Turn forth hersilver lining on the night? 1863 D. R. LOCKE Struggles of P. V. Nasby (1872) xxiii. Ther is a silver linin to evry cloud. 1869 P. T. BARNUM Struggles & Triumphs 406 ‘Every cloud’, says the proverb, ‘has a silver lining.’ 1991 T. MO Redundancy of Courage xxii. 283 This misfortune of hers had done wonders for our up and down relationship—all clouds have a silver lining, don’t they say. 2002 Spectator 13 Apr. 74 Still, every cloud has a silver lining, and he was quiet for the rest of the meal, which is something of a delightful first. optimism clout see ne’er CAST a clout till May be out. clutch see a DROWNING man will clutch at a straw. coat see CUT your coat according to your cloth. Let the COBBLER stick to his last Attributed to the Greek painter Apelles (4th cent. BC): see quot. 1721. The ‘shoemaker’variant is a long-standing one in British proverb lore, but is now mainly North American. Alast is a wooden or metal model on which a shoemaker fashions shoes or boots. Cf. PLINYNatural History xxxv. 85 ne supra crepidam sutor iudicaret, the cobbler should not judgebeyond his shoe; ERASMUS Adages I. vi. 16 ne sutor ultra crepidam. 1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages 17 Let not the shoemaker go beyond hys shoe. 1616 J. WITHALS Dict. (rev. ed.) 567 Cobler keepe your last. 1639 J. CLARKE

Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 21 Cobler keepe to your last. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 242 Let not the Cobler go beyond his last. .. Taken from the famous Story of Apelles, who could not bear that the Cobler should correct any part of his Picture beyond the Slipper. 1868 W. CLIFT Tim Bunker Papers lix. I understood the use of a plow.. better than the use of a pen.. remembering the old saw ‘Let the cobbler stick to his last.’ 1930 C. F. GREGG Murder on Bus xxx. Yet even then, Mapell had been mixed up with a gang of blackmailers. The shoemaker sticks to his last! 1984 A. MACLEAN San Andreas viii. Point taken, Mr. McKinnon. You see before you a rueful cobbler who will stick to his last from now on. work The COBBLER to his last and the gunner to his linstock A fanciful variant of the preceding proverb. A linstock is a staff with a forked head to holda lighted match. 1748 SMOLLETT Roderick Random II. xlii. I meddle with no body’s affairs but my own; The gunner to his linstock, and the steersman to the helm, as the saying is. 1893 H. MAXWELL Life of W. H. Smith II. v. He.. never showed any disposition to trespass on the province of science or literature. .. There is sound sense in the adage, ‘The cobbler to his last and the gunner to his linstock.’ work cobbler see also the SHOEMAKER’S son always goes barefoot. Every COCK will crow upon his own dunghill Everyone is confident or at ease when on home ground. Cf. SENECA Apocolocyn-tosis vii.gallum in suo sterquilinio plurimum posse, the cock is most powerful on his own dunghill; thework is a satire on Claudius’ deification at death, and Seneca is punning on Claudius’provincial origin and interests, as gallus means both a cock and a Gaul. a 1250 Ancrene Wisse (1952) 62 Coc is kene [bold] on his owune mixerne [midden]. 1387 J. TREVISA tr. Higden’s Polychronicon (1879) VIII. 5 As Seneca seith, a cok is most myghty on his dongehille. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. xi. D2 He was at home there, he myght speake his will. Euery cocke is proude on his owne dunghill. 1771 SMOLLETT Humphry Clinker II. 178 Insolence.. akin to the arrogance of the village cock, who never crows but upon his own dunghill. 1935 D. L. SAYERS Gaudy Night xix. ‘I believe you’re showing off.’.. ‘Every cock will crow upon his own dunghill.’ 1980 M. GILBERT Death of Favourite Girl vii. Mariner seemed to be easy enough. A cock on his own dunghill. home

cock see also there’s many a GOOD cock come out of a tattered bag; the ROBIN and thewren are God’s cock and hen. COLD hands, warm heart 1903 V. S. LEAN Collectanea III. 380 A cold hand and a warm heart. 1910 W. G. COLLINGWOOD Dutch Agnes 206 I did take her hand. .. Cold hand, warm heart! 1927 J. M. BARRIE Shall We join Ladies in Plays (1928) 840 I knew you would be on my side. .. Cold hand—warm heart. That is the saying, isn’t it? 1962 E. LININGTON Knave of Hearts xv. A hot, humid night, but her hands cold. Cold hands, warm heart. 1985 D. & S. ROSEN Death & Blintzes xxvi. ‘Belle, your hands are cold,’ he said. ‘Cold hands, that’s funny?’ ‘You know the old saying, “cold hands, warm heart”.’ love cold see also (noun) as the DAY lengthens, so the cold strengthens; FEED a cold andstarve a fever; (adjective) REVENGE is a dish that can be eaten cold. colour see a GOOD horse cannot be of a bad colour. come see ALL things come to those who wait; the BIGGER they are, the harder they fall;don’t CROSS the bridge till you come to it; EASY come, easy go; never do EVIL that goodmay come of it; FIRST come, first served; what GOES around comes around; all is GRISTthat comes to the mill; LIGHT come, light go; come LIVE with me and you’ll know me;MARCH comes in like a lion, and goes out like a lamb; if the MOUNTAIN will not come toMahomet, Mahomet must go to the mountain; when POVERTY comes in at the door, loveflies out of the window; QUICKLY come, quickly go; when THIEVES fall out, honest mencome by their own; TOMORROW never comes. comfort see CHILDREN are certain cares, but uncertain comforts. COMING events cast their shadows before 1803 T. CAMPBELL Poetical Works (1907) 159 ‘Tis the sunset of life gives me mystical love, And coming events cast their shadows before. 1857 TROLLOPE Barchester Towers II. v. The coming event of Mr. Quiverful’s transference to Barchester produced a delicious shadow in the shape of a new outfit for Mrs. Quiverful. 1979 D. LESSING Shikasta 231 ‘Coming events cast their shadows before.’ This Shikastan

[Earthly] observation was of particular appropriateness during an epoch when the tempo of events was so speeded up. future command see he that cannot OBEY cannot command. COMMON fame is seldom to blame Cf. 1597 H. LOK Sundry Christian Passions 149 Though prouerbe truely say, by famesaffect, Gods iudgement lightly doth a truth detect. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 227 Common fame’s seldome to blame. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 80 Common Fame sindle [seldom] to blame. A man will seldom be under an universal ill Report, unless he has given some occasion for it. 1853 R. C. TRENCH Lessons in Proverbs 13 Common fame is seldom to blame. 1936 R. A. J. WALLING Corpse in Crimson Slippers i. But though, as the proverb says, common fame is seldom to blame, don’t believe everything you hear about me. public opinion communication see EVIL communications corrupt good manners. A man is known by the COMPANY he keeps Originally used as a moral maxim or exhortation in the context of (preparation for)marriage. 1541 M. COVERDALE tr. H. Bullinger’s Christian State of Matrimony F6 So maye much be spyed also, by the company and pastyme that a body vseth. For a man is for the moost parte condicioned euen lyke vnto them that he kepeth company wythe all. 1591 H. SMITH Preparative to Marriage 42 If a man can be known by nothing els, then he maye bee known by his companions. 1672 W. WYCHERLEY Love in Wood I. i. There is a Proverb, Mrs. Joyner, You may know him by his Company. 1912 ‘SAKI’ Chronicles of Clovis 286 (heading) A man is known by the company he keeps. 1976 L. ALTHER Kinflicks ii. People knew a man by the company he kept, but they generally knew a woman by the man who kept her. 2002 Washington Times 5 Feb. A19 Planned Parenthood denies that [Margaret] Sanger was a racist or an eugenicist, but there’s truth to the adage that we are known by the company we keep. associates

The COMPANY makes the feast 1653 I. WALTON Compleat Angler iii. Take this for a rule, you may pick out such times and such companies, that you may make yourselves merrier,.. for ‘tis the company and not the charge [expense] that makes the feast. 1911 F. W. HACK-WOOD Good Cheer xxxii. Epicurus maintained that you should rather have regard to the company with whom you eat.. than to what you eat. .. This has been crystallised into the terse English proverb, ‘The company makes the feast.’ 1981 ‘J. STURROCK’ Suicide most Foul vi. It is the company which makes the occasion, not the surroundings. friends; hospitalitycompany see also MISERY loves company; TWO is company, but three is none.COMPARISONS are odiousCf. early 14th-cent. Fr. comparaisons sont haÿneuses, comparisons are hateful. c 1440 J. LYDGATE Minor Poems (EETS) 561 Odious of old been all comparisouns. 1456 Gilbert of Hay’s Prose MS (STS) 282 I will nocht here mak questioun.. quhy [why] that alwayis comparisoun is odious. c 1573 G. HARVEY Letter-Book (1884) 7 But thai wil sai, Comparisons ar odius: in deed, as it fals out, thai ar too odious. 1724 SWIFT Drapier’s Letters X. 82 A Judge.. checked the Prisoner.. taxing him with ‘reflecting on the court by such a Comparison, because Comparisons were odious’. 1939 G. MITCHELL Printer’s Error ii. ‘I will study the psychology of pigs instead of that of.. refugees.’ ‘Comparisons are odious,’ observed Carey. 2001 P. J. O’ROURKE CEO of Sofa v. 82 And poets? Comparisons being odious, only a comparison will do to illustrate the odium of modern poesy. similarity and dissimilarityHe that COMPLIES against his will is of his own opinion still 1678 S. BUTLER Hudibras III. iii. He that complies against his Will, Is of his own Opinion still; Which he may adhere to, yet disown, For Reasons to himself best known. 1965 M. SPARK Mandelbaum Gate V. No one should submit their mind to another mind: He that complies against his will Is of his own opinion still—that’s my motto. I won’t be brainwashed. 1985 G. V. HIGGINS Penance for Jerry Kennedy xiii. But Ed Maguire did what he did against his own convictions. And what they say is true.. ‘A man convinced against his will is of the same opinion still.’ free will and compulsionCONFESS and be hanged

1589 ‘MISOPHONUS’ De Caede Gallorum Regis A2V Confesse and be hangede man In English some saie. 1604 SHAKESPEARE Othello IV. i. 37 Handkerchief— confessions—handkerchief! To confess, and be hanged for his labour. 1672 MARVELL Rehearsal Transprosed 74 After so ample a Confession as he hath made, must he now be hang’d too to make good the Proverb? 1821 SCOTT Pirate III. xii. At the gallows!.. Confess and be hanged is a most reverend proverb. 1951 M. C. BARNES With all my Heart vii. ‘People who commit high treason get hanged.’.. ‘Very well, confess and be hanged!’ confession confessed see a FAULT confessed is half redressed. CONFESSION is good for the soul c 1641 in E. Beveridge D. Fergusson’s Scottish Proverbs (1924) no. 159 Ane open confessione is good for the soul. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 270 Open Confession is good for the Soul. Spoken ironically, to them that boast of their ill Deeds. 1881 J. PAYN Grape from Thorn III. xxxix. Confession maybe good for the soul; but it is doubtful whether the avowal of incapacity to the parties desirous of securing our services is quite judicious. 1942 R. A. J. WALLING Corpse with Eerie Eye v. That’s open confession, but I don’t know that it does my soul any good. 1983 R. HILL Deadheads IV. iv. Confession may be good for the soul but it’s pretty lousy for marriages. 2002 Washington Times 1 Sept. D7 Confession may be good for the soul but not if it’s being broadcast. confession A clean CONSCIENCE is a good pillow There are a number of traditional ways of expressing the notion that a clear conscienceenables its possessor to sleep soundly, even, as a well-attested variant claims, through athunderstorm—as in c 1605 SHAKESPEARE Macbeth IV. i. 85 I may tell pale-hearted fear itlies, And sleep in spite of thunder. Cf. Ger. Gut Gewissen ist ein sanftes Ruhekissen; Fr. Uneconscience pure est un bon oreiller. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 14 A safe Conscience makes a sound Sleep. 1747 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (July) A quiet conscience sleeps in thunder. 1902 F. E. HULME Proverb Lore 216 A good conscience makes an easy couch. 1929 ‘P. OLDFELD’ Alchemy Murder ii. 18 [The bed] was hard and cold, and he found poor comfort in a copybook maxim which came back vaguely to him—something about a good conscience providing the softest pillow for a weary head. 1992 MIEDER Dict. American

Proverbs 112 A clean conscience is a good pillow. conscienceCONSCIENCE makes cowards of us all Quot. 1912 is a humorous perversion of the proverb. Cf. 1594 SHAKESPEARE Richard IIII. iv. 133 Where’s thy conscience now?—I’ll not meddle with it—it makes a man a coward. 1600–1 SHAKESPEARE Hamlet III. i. 83 Conscience does make cowards of us all.1697 VANBRUGH Provoked Wife v. 75 It mayn’t be amiss to deferr the Marriage till youare sure they [mortgages] are paid off. .. Guilty Consciences make Men Cowards. 1912‘SAKI’ Chronicles of Clovis 134 The English have a proverb, ‘Conscience makescowboys of us all.’ 1941 H. G. WELLS You can’t be too Careful viii. ‘Why doesn’t heface it out?’.. ‘Conscience makes cowards of us all, Whittaker.’ 1976 J. S. SCOTT PoorOld Lady’s Dead iv. There was something funny here. Bloody funny. So the inspector,who lived, like any other policeman, with the sure knowledge that conscience doth makecowards of us all, began to lean. conscience; cowardiceconscience see also a GUILTY conscience needs no accuser.consent see SILENCE means consent.CONSTANT dropping wears away a stone Primarily used to mean that persistence will achieve a difficult or unlikely objective (butsee also quots. 1874 and 1912). Continual frequently occurs instead of constant in the US. Cf.CHOERILUS OF SAMOS Fragments x. (Kinkel) withpersistence a drop of water hollows out the stone; TIBULLUS Elegies I. iv. 18 longa dies mollisaxa peredit aqua, length of time eats away stones with soft water. a 1250 Ancrene Wisse (1962) 114 Lutle dropen thurleth (pierce) the flint the (that)ofte falleth theron. c 1477 CAXTON Jason (EETS) 26 The stone is myned and holowedby contynuell droppyng of water. 1591 SHAKESPEARE Henry VI, Pt. 3 III. ii. 50 Heplies her hard; and much rain wears the marble. 1793 T. COKE Extracts from JournalsIII. ii. The Negroes of Barbadoes.. are much less prepared for the reception of genuinereligion. But constant dropping, ‘tis said, will wear out a stone. 1841 DICKENS OldCuriosity Shop I. vii. As to Nell, constant dropping will wear away a stone, you know youmay trust me as far as she is concerned. 1874 G. J. WHYTE-MELVILLE Uncle John I. vi.Constant dropping wears away a stone; constant flirtation saps the character. 1912 D. H.

LAWRENCE Letter 19 Dec. (1962) I. 169 She says a woman can only have one husband. .. Constant dropping will wear away a stone, as my mother used to say. 1963 E. S. GARDNER Case of Mischievous Doll vii. The constant dripping water.. can wear away the toughest stone. persistence contempt see FAMILIARITY breeds contempt. continual see CONSTANT dropping wears away a stone. contrary see DREAMS go by contraries. cook see GOD sends meat, but the Devil sends cooks; TOO many cooks spoil the broth. corn see a KING’S chaff is worth more than other men’s corn. CORPORATIONS have neither bodies to be punished nor souls to be damned A large organization, unlike a private individual, can act unjustly or highhandedly withoutfear of being brought to account. 1658 E. BULSTRODE Reports II. 233 The opinion of Manwood, chief Baron [c 1580], was this, as touching Corporations, that they were invisible, immortall, and that they had no soule; and therefore no Subpœna lieth against them, because they have no Conscience nor soule. c 1820 J. POYNDER Literary Extracts (1844) 1.268 Lord Chancellor Thurlow said [c 1775] that the corporations have neither bodies to be punished nor souls to be damned. a 1845 S. SMITH in S. Holland Memoir (1855) I. xi. Why, you never expected justice from a company, did you? They have neither a soul to lose, nor a body to kick. 1932 ERNST & LINDEY Hold your Tongue xii. A corporation is just like any natural person, except that it has no pants to kick or soul to damn, and, by God, it ought to have both. business; conscience corrupt see EVIL communications corrupt good manners; POWER corrupts. cost see CIVILITY costs nothing. cough see LOVE and a cough cannot be hid.

COUNCILS of war never fight People discussing matters in a group never reach the decision to take action, which anindividual would make. 1863 H. W. HALLECK Telegram 13 July (1877) III. 148 Act upon your own judgment and make your Generals execute your orders. Call no counsel [sic] of war. It is proverbial that counsels of war never fight. 1891 A. FORBES Barracks, Bivouacs & Battles 191 Solomon’s adage that in the multitude of counsellors there is wisdom does not apply to war. ‘Councils of war never fight’ has passed into a proverb. 1998 Washington Times 28 Sept. A21 A council of war never fights, and in a crisis the duty of a leader is to lead and not to take refuge behind the generally timid wisdom of a multitude of councilors. action and inaction; decision and indecision; warfare counsel see a FOOL may give a wise man counsel; NIGHT brings counsel. Don’t COUNT your chickens before they are hatched An instruction not to make, or act upon, an assumption (usually favourable) which mightturn out to be wrong. The metaphorical phrase to count one’s chickens is also used. c 1570 T. HOWELL New Sonnets C2 Counte not thy Chickens that vnhatched be. 1579 S. GOSSON Ephemerides of Phialo 19 I woulde not haue him to counte his Chickens so soone before they be hatcht, nor tryumphe so long before the victorie. 1664 S. BUTLER Hudibras II. iii. To swallow Gudgeons ere th’are catch’d, And count their Chickens ere th’are hatch’d. 1829 SCOTT Journal 20 May (1946) 69 I see a fund.. capable of extinguishing the debt.. in ten years or earlier. .. But we must not reckon our chickens before they are hatchd. 1906 in Lady D. Nevill Reminiscences xxii. A victory may be snatched, But never count your little chicks, Before they’re safely hatched. 1935 ‘R. HULL’ Keep it Quiet xxiv. To Cardonnel, he wrote his congratulations, adding that as to convicting the thief, he feared that they were far from proof, and ought not to count their chickens. 1964 RIDOUT & WITTING English Proverbs Explained 42 Mr. Smith hoped to be made manager before the end of the year. .. ‘Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched,’ warned his wife. 2002 New Scientist 5 Jan. 17 Ultimately it’s a question of how much oil is down there, and how quickly it can be extracted. No one really knows, but the geological evidence suggests that the US might be counting its chickens before they’re hatched. optimism

In the COUNTRY of the blind, the one-eyed man is king ‘A little wit, among foolish people, will pass a man for a great genius’ (T. FieldingProverbs of all Nations (1824) 23); also used of ability as well as wit. Cf. ERASMUS AdagesIII. iv. in regione caecorum rex est luscus, in the kingdom of the blind the one-eyed man isking. 1522 J. SKELTON Works (1843) II. 43 An one eyed man is Well syghted when He is amonge blynde men. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 469 In the kingdome of blind men the one ey’d is king. 1830 J. L. BURCKHARDT Arabic Proverbs 34 The one- eyed person is a beauty in the country of the blind. 1904 H. G. WELLS in Strand Apr. 405 Through his thoughts ran this old proverb.. ‘In the Country of the Blind, the One-Eyed Man is king.’ 1937 W. H. SAUMAREZ SMITH Letter 7 Mar. in Young Man’s Country (1977) ii. You exaggerate the alleged compliment paid to me by the Bengal Govt. in wanting to retain my services. ‘In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king.’ 2002 B. MONAHAN Sceptred Isle Club i. 9 His success with crime-solving suggested an extraordinary intelligence, but he could never know from his limited vantage point in provincial Brunswick whether he was merely the one-eyed man in the land of the blind and the Jekyl Island Club solution a fluke. ignorance; rulers and ruled Happy is the COUNTRY which has no history Carlyle (see quot. 1864) attributed this observation to the French political philosopherMontesquieu (1689–1755). Cf. 1740 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Feb.) Happythat Nation,—fortunate that age, whose history is not diverting. 1807 T. JEFFERSON Letter 29 Mar. in Writings (1904) XI. 182 Blest is that nation whose silent course of happiness furnishes nothing for history to say. 1860 G. ELIOT Mill on Floss VI. iii. The happiest women, like the happiest nations, have no history. 1864 CARLYLE Frederick the Great IV. XVI. i. Happy the people whose annals are blank in history. 1957 V. BRITTAIN Testament of Experience I. iv. Quoting the familiar dictum: ‘Happy is the country which has no history,’ I remarked that I belonged, like Edward VIII, to a generation which was still on the early side of middle age but had already seen almost more history than any generation could bear. 1981 Nature 23 Apr. 698 An old proverb.. tells us that ‘happy is the nation that has no history.’.. DNA.. is the unhappiest of molecules, for it is the subject of innumerable biographies. blessings; history country see also you can take the BOY out of the country but you can’t take the countryout of the boy; GOD made the country, and man made the town; a NATION without a

language is a nation without a heart; OTHER times, other manners; a PROPHET is not withouthonour save in his own country. couple see a DEAF husband and a blind wife are always a happy couple. The COURSE of true love never did run smooth 1595 SHAKESPEARE Midsummer Night’s Dream I. i. 134 For aught that I could ever read.. The course of true love never did run smooth. 1836 M. SCOTT Cruise of Midge I. xi. ‘The course of true love never did run smooth.’ And the loves of Saunders Skelp and Jessy Miller were no exception to the rule. 1980 Tablet 26 Jan. 89 The course of true love could never run smooth with Sybylla’s temperament. love, blighted course see also HORSES for courses. court see HOME is home, as the Devil said when he found himself in the Court of Session. cover see (noun) you can’t tell a BOOK by its cover; (verb) CHARITY covers a multitudeof sins. coverlet see everyone STRETCHES his legs according to the length of his coverlet. Why buy a COW when milk is so cheap? An argument for choosing the least troublesome alternative; frequently used as anargument against marriage. One of the few proverbs in the form of a rhetorical question; cf.why KEEP a dog, and bark yourself? 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs p. ii. It is better to buy a quart of Milk by the penny then keep a Cow. 1680 BUNYAN Mr. Badman 293 Who would keep a Cow of their own, that can have a quart of milk for a penny? Meaning, Who would be at the charge to have a Wife, that can have a Whore when he listeth (wishes)? 1895 S. BUTLER Note-Books (1926) xvii. It was cheaper to buy the milk than to keep a cow. 1942 S. ACRE Yellow Overcoat v. ‘He ain’t marryin’.. any more!.. ‘Why buy a cow when milk is so cheap, eh?’ 1984 W. TEVIS Color of Money vi. ‘I don’t have a wife.’ ‘That’s the best way. Why buy a cow when you can get milk free?’ 2000 E. GUNN Five Card Stud iii. 36 She said she thought people who wanted to live together ‘ought to get married and be done with it.’ ‘I

don’t want to be done with it,’ Trudy said. ‘I want it to go on and on.’ ‘Fat chance of that. Men don’t buy the cow if they can get the milk for—’ marriage cow see also a BELLOWING cow soon forgets her calf; BETTER a good cow than a cowof a good kind; it is idle to SWALLOW the cow and choke on the tail; THREE things are notto be trusted. coward see a BULLY is always a coward; CONSCIENCE makes cowards of us all. COWARDS die many times before their death The popular form is a misquotation of Shakespeare (see quot. 1599) Cf. 1596 DRAYTONMortimeriados S1 Every houre he dyes, which ever feares. 1599 SHAKESPEARE Julius Caesar II. ii. 32 Cowards die many times before their deaths: The valiant never taste of death but once. 1800 M. EDGEWORTH Castle Rackrent p. xliv. In Ireland, not only cowards, but the brave ‘die many times before their death.’ 1927 Sphere 3 Dec. 414 It is true that cowards die many times before their death, and Noel Coward will come back again and again, and.. win his niche among the great dramatists. cowardice The COWL does not make the monk Appearance is no reliable guide to a person’s true character. Cf. medieval L. cucullus nonfacit monachum, the cowl does not make the monk; a 1250 Ancrene Wisse (1962) 10 Her in isreligiun, nawt i the wide hod ne i the blake cape. 1387 T. USK Testament of Love in Chaucer Complete Works (1897) II. xi. For habit maketh no monk; ne weringe of gilte spurres maketh no knight. 1588 R. GREENE Pandosto IV. 289 Trueth quoth Fawnia, but all that weare Cooles [cowls] are not Monkes. 1613 SHAKESPEARE Henry VIII III. i. 23 They should be good men, their affairs as righteous; But all hoods make not monks. 1820 SCOTT Abbot II. xi. ‘Call me not doctor.. since I have laid aside my furred gown and bonnet.’.. ‘O, sir.. the cowl makes not the monk.’ 1891 G. B. SHAW Music in London (1932) I. 217 Such impostures are sure of support from the sort of people.. who think that it is the cowl that makes the monk. 1940 ‘S. ASHE’ I Am Saxon Ashe 58 ‘Darling—there is a Latin tag that runs: A cowl does not necessarily hide a monk. Let me vary it for you: the clown is not necessarily a fool.’ appearance, deceptive

cradle see the HAND that rocks the cradle rules the world. A CREAKING door hangs longest Usually said consolingly about, by, or to the infirm, though sometimes implying that aweak or faulty thing continues to be a nuisance the longest. Gate sometimes replaces door. 1776 T. COGAN John Buncle, Junior I. vi. They say a creaking gate goes the longest upon its hinges; that’s my comfort. 1888 F. HUME Madame Midas II. ii. It is said that ‘creaking doors hang the longest’. Mrs. Pulchop.. was an excellent illustration of the truth of this saying. 1944 A. CHRISTIE Towards Zero 62 But it seems I am one of these creaking gates—these perpetual invalids who never die. 1970 L. DEIGHTON Bomber vi. The Flight Engineer said, ‘A creaking door hangs longest.’ Digby christened her [an aeroplane] ‘Creaking Door’. 1985 J. MORTIMER Paradise Postponed viii. I’ll probably last like this another thirty years. I’ll be a creaking gate.. and they goes on swinging forever. mortality; old age cream see there are more WAYS of killing a cat than choking it with cream. Give CREDIT where credit is due The older form with honour (principally in the sense ‘obeisance, homage’) is now rare. Cf.ROMANS xiii. 7 (Reims) Render therefore to all men their due:..to whom honour, honour. 1777 S. ADAMS Letter 29 Oct. in Collections of Massachusetts Hist. Society (1917) LXXII. 375 May Honor be given to whom Honor may be due. 1834 M. FLOY Diary 17 Jan. (1941) 50 Loudon must be a man of taste.. and disposed to give all credit where any credit is due. 1894 Girl’s Own Paper 6 Jan. 228 The justice and magnanimity which would show ‘honour to whom honour is due’.. is not always found equal to the occasion when it involves the granting of a degree. 1968 M. WOODHOUSE Rock Baby xxii. You aren’t half as daft as I thought. .. Credit where credit’s due. 1976 T. SHARPE Wilt viii. ‘Some maniac. .. ‘ ‘Come now, give credit where credit is due,’ interrupted Dr. Board. 2002 Washington Post 1 Jan. C14 Express your gratitude. Give credit when it’s due—and even when it isn’t. fair dealing; just deserts CRIME doesn’t pay

A US slogan particularly associated with the radio crime series The Shadow, in which itwas spoken by The Shadow at the end of each broadcast (see quot. 1937), and with the cartoondetective Dick Tracy (see quot. 1954). 1892 Catholic World Dec. 364 Until our laws are so made and executed as to prove that crime doesn’t pay.. then only will religion and common-sense.. work out the great plan of creation. 1905 Harper’s Weekly 18 Feb. 231/2 If only Christopher had stuck to Sherlock Holmes it would have been impressed upon him that crime doesn’t pay, and that the cleverest criminal gets caught. 1937 E. H. BIERSTADT Shadow: Death House Rescue 26 Sept. (script of radio broadcast) 18 The weed of crime bears bitter fruit. .. Crime does not pay. .. The Shadow knows. .. (Laugh). 1954 S. BECKER Comic Art in America 5 Dick Tracy is the daddy of all cops-and-robbers strips, and Chester Gould.. has been announcing to the world since 1931 that crime does not pay. 1959 Times Literary Supplement 12 June 356 War, like crime, may not pay, but that does not make the problem of preventing it any easier. 2001 Country Life 20/27 Dec 85 We hear of.. David Steele’s meanness (he was known as ‘Crime’ because he never bought a drink - ‘Crime doesn’t pay’). action and consequence crime see also POVERTY is not a crime. crocodile see if you have to LIVE in the river, it is best to be friends with the crocodile; nomatter how long a LOG stays in the water.. . crop see good SEED makes a good crop. Don’t CROSS the bridge till you come to it Do not concern yourself with difficulties until they arise. Now also common as themetaphorical phrase to cross one’s bridges when one comes to them. 1850 LONGFELLOW Journal 29 Apr. in Life (1886) II. 165 Remember the proverb, ‘Do not cross the bridge till you come to it.’ 1895 S. O. ADDY Household Tales xiv. One who anticipates difficulty is told not to cross the bridge till he gets to it. 1927 ‘J. TAINE’ Quayle’s Invention XV. Why cross our bridges before we come to them? 1967 T. STOPPARD Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are Dead II. 43 We cross our bridges when we come to them and burn our bridges behind us, with nothing to show for our progress except a memory of the smell of smoke, and a presumption that once our eyes watered.

trouble cross (noun) see NO cross, no crown. CROSSES are ladders that lead to heaven There are two strands to the proverb, punning on two meanings of cross: in one, crosssignifies the crucifix; in the other, it means ‘trouble, misfortune’. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 36 The Crosse is the ladder of heauen. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 6 Crosses are ladders that do lead to heaven. 1859 S. SMILES Self-Help xi. If there be real worth in the character.. it will give forth its finest fragrance when pressed. ‘Crosses’ says the old proverb, ‘are ladders that lead to heaven.’ 1975 J. O’FAOLAIN Women in Wall iv. The cross, they say, is the ladder to heaven and so I have sent your lordship.. two. misfortune crow see (noun) on the FIRST of March, the crows begin to search; HAWKS will not pickout hawks’ eyes; ONE for the mouse, one for the crow; (verb) every COCK will crow upon hisown dunghill; also CROWING. crowd see TWO is company, but three is none. crowing see a WHISTLING woman and a crowing hen are neither fit for God nor men. crown see (verb) the END crowns the work; (noun) NO cross, no crown. Don’t CRY before you’re hurt Cf. early 14th-cent. Fr. follie fait plorer deuant que on soit batu. 1548 Reliquiœ Antiquœ (1843) II. 16 Ye may the better understand that I cry not before I am pricked. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 237 You cry before you’re hurt. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 204 It is time enough to cry, Oh, when you are hurt. Spoken to dissuade People from groundless Fears. 1930 N. B. MAVITY Other Bullet xxviii. Don’t cry out before you’re hurt. 1981 J. WRIGHT Devil’s Parole xvi. You mean.. that one shouldn’t cry before one is hurt. cowardice; expectation

cry see also MUCH cry and little wool; SING before breakfast, cry before night. It is no use CRYING over spilt milk It is pointless to repine when it is too late to remedy the misfortune. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (British) 40 No weeping for shed milk. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 27 ‘I would cry my Eyes out.’.. “Tis a Folly to cry for spilt Milk.’ 1884 J. PAYN Canon’s Ward I. xv. There would be a row.. but he would say, like a wise man, ‘There’s no use in crying over spilt milk.’ 1936 M. DE LA ROCHE Whiteoak Harvest xxv. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. The money’s gone.. and that’s that. 1995 R. ORMEROD And Hope to Die ix. 115 I said this dismissively. No good crying over spilt milk. misfortune; past cup see FULL cup, steady hand; the LAST drop makes the cup run over; there’s MANY aslip between cup and lip. He that will to CUPAR maun to Cupar Cupar is a town in Fife, Scotland. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 141 He that will to Cowper [Cupar], will to Cow- per. A Reflection upon obstinate Persons, that will not be reclaim’d. 1817 SCOTT Rob Roy III. i. The Hecate.. ejaculated, ‘A wilfu’ man will hae his way—them that will to Cupar maun [must] to Cupar!’ 1893 R. L. STEVENSON Catriona xiii. He stood part of a second.., hesitating. ‘He that will to Cupar, maun to Cupar,’ said he, and.. was hauled into the skiff. 1958 J. CANNAN And be Villain v. ‘I shall take the first plane to Paris.’.. ‘Well, he who will to Cupar maun to Cupar, but I think it’s very silly of you.’ obstinacy cure see NO cure, no pay; PREVENTION is better than cure. What can’t be CURED must be endured Cf . 1377 LANGLAND Piers Plowman B. x. 439 When must comes forward, there isnothing for it but to suffer; c 1408 LYDGATE Reason & Sensuality (EETS) 1. 4757 For thyng

that may nat be eschiwed But of force mot be sywed [followed]. 1579 SPENSER Shepherd’s Calendar (Sept.) 88 And cleanly couer, that cannot be cured. Such il, as is forced, mought nedes be endured. 1763 C. CHURCHILL Prophecy of Famine 18 Patience is sorrow’s salve; what can’t be cur’d, so Donald right areeds [counsels], must be endur’d. 1870 C. KINGSLEY Madam How i. That stupid resignation which some folks preach.. is merely saying—what can’t be cured, must be endured. 1936 W. HOLTBY South Riding VI. i. We all have our bad turns. What can’t be cured must be endured, you know. 1997 Washington Post 18 Dec. C1 ‘What cannot be cured must be endured,’ the chained man says, trying to smile. But it comes out as a grimace. patience and impatience CURIOSITY killed the cat 1921 E. O’ NEILL Diff’rent II. 252 ‘What’d you ask ’em, for instance?’.. ‘Curiosity killed a cat! Ask me no questions and I’ll tell you no lies.’ 1973 A. CHRISTIE Postern of Fate I. iv. ‘A curiosity death,’ said Tommy. ‘Curiosity killed the cat.’ 1984 J. R. RIGGS Last Laugh iii. ‘I’m curious, that’s all.’ ‘Curiosity killed old tom.’ 2002 Times 2 17 May 9 ‘Well, you’ve probably heard the saying, “curiosity killed the cat”. Well that’s what I’m doing here.’ For one horrible minute, I thought that he was about to.. reveal that he was Ben Vol-au-Vent from Curiosity Killed the Cat, killing a cat. curiosity curried (combed): see a SHORT horse is soon curried. curse (verb) see BETTER to light one candle than to curse the darkness. CURSES, like chickens, come home to roost Also without specific reference to curses, as in quot. 2001. c 1390 CHAUCER Parson’s Tale 1. 620 And ofte tyme swich cursynge wrongfully retorneth agayn to hym that curseth, as a bryd that retorneth agayn to his owene nest. 1592 Arden of Feversham G4 For curses are like arrowes shot upright, Which falling down light on the suters [shooter’s] head. 1810 SOUTHEY Kehama (title-page) Curses are like young chicken; they always come home to roost. 1880 S. SMILES Duty iv. Their injustice will return upon them. Curses, like chickens, come home to roost. 1932 S. GIBBONS Cold Comfort Farm vii. Curses, like rookses, flies home to nest in bosomses and barnses. 1986 Washington Post 10 July A23 The proverb teaches us that ‘curses, like

chickens, come home to roost.’ The Supreme Court taught that lesson one more time last week in an opinion that combined bad law with rough justice. 2001 Spectator 8 Dec. 71 The Brits used diplomatic language which is as useless as the Draft Dodger’s oath in a court of law. As they say down on the farm, the chickens have come home to roost. malice; retribution The CUSTOMER is always right 1917 B. PAIN Confessions of Alphonse iii. The great success of a restaurant is built up on this principle—le patron n’a jamais tort—the customer is always in the right! 1928 C. SANDBURG Good Morning, America 17 Behold the proverbs of a nation. .. Let one hand wash the other. The customer is always right. 1941 D. LODGE Death & Taxes ii. ‘I’m drunk.’ . . ‘You shouldn’t do it, George.’ ‘Business,’ he said solemnly. ‘The customer is always right.’ 1980 Times 30 Sept. 9 That the customer is always right is a theory attributed to John Wanamaker, the American retail prince who founded the stores which bear his name. 2001 Washington Times 3 Sept. A12 The old man wasn’t much on theory, but he understood value received, good will, repeat business, that the customer is always right and above all the importance of a trusted brand. buying and selling Don’t CUT off your nose to spite your face A warning against spiteful revenge which results in one’s own hurt or loss. Themetaphorical phrase to cut off one’s nose to spite one’s face is very frequently found. Cf.medieval L. male ulciscitur dedecus sibi illatum, qui amputat nasum suum, he who cuts off hisnose takes poor revenge for a shame inflicted on him; mid 14th-cent. Fr. qui cope son nès, saface est despechie, the man who cuts off his nose spites his face. c 1560 Deceit of Women I1 He that byteth hys nose of, shameth hys face. 1788 F. GROSE Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 2) U3V He cut off his nose to be revenged of his face, said of one who, to be revenged of his neighbour, has materially injured himself. 1889 R. L. STEVENSON Master of Ballantrae x. He was in that humour when a man—in the words of the old adage—will cut off his nose to spite his face. 1964 RIDOUT & WITTING English Proverbs Explained 43 Don’t cut off your nose to spite your face. 1980 A. CRAIG Pint of Murder vi. So the next thing anybody knew she’d run off an’ married that no-good Bob Bascom an’ if that ain’t cuttin’ off your nose to spite your face, I’d like to know what is. malice; revenge CUT your coat according to your cloth

Actions should suit circumstances or resources. Also common as the metaphorical phraseto cut one’s coat according to one’s cloth. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. viii. C1 I shall Cut my cote after my cloth. 1580 LYLY Euphues & his England II. 188 Be neither prodigall to spende all, nor couetous to keepe all, cut thy coat according to thy cloth. 1778 G. WASHINGTON Writings (1936) XIII. 79 General McIntoch.. must.. yield to necessity; that is, to use a vulgar phraze, ‘shape his Coat according to his Cloth’. 1951 ‘P. WENTWORTH ’ Miss Silver comes to Stay xxxvii. ‘You must cut your coat according to your cloth.’ .. ‘My trouble is that I do like the most expensive cloth.’ 1974 T. SHARPE Porterhouse Blue iii. I’m afraid the.. exigencies of our financial position do impose certain restraints. .. A case of cutting our coats to suit our cloth. circumstances; poverty; thrift cut see also (participial adjective) a SLICE off a cut loaf isn’t missed; (verb) DIAMONDcuts diamond; MEASURE seven times, cut once; MEASURE twice, cut once; THINK twice,cut once.

D daisy see it is not SPRING until you can plant your foot upon twelve daisies. damned see CORPORATIONS have neither bodies to be punished nor souls to be damned. They that DANCE must pay the fiddler Cf. he who PAYS the piper calls the tune, where the emphasis is reversed. To pay the piper(fiddler, etc.) means ‘to bear the cost (of an enterprise)’. The proverb is now predominantlyfound in US use. 1638 J. TAYLOR Taylor’s Feast in Works (1876) 94 One of the Fidlers said, Gentlemen, I pray you to remember the Musicke [musicians], you have given us nothing yet. .. Alwayes those that dance must pay the Musicke. 1837 A. LINCOLN Speech 11 Jan. in Works (1953) I. 64 I am decidedly opposed to the people’s money being used to pay the fiddler. It is an old maxim and a very sound one, that he that dances should always pay the fiddler. a 1957 L. I. WILDER First Four Years (1971) i. Laura was going to have a baby. .. She remembered a saying of her mother’s: ‘They that dance must pay the fiddler.’ action and consequence dance see also he that LIVES in hope dances to an ill tune; if you can WALK you candance... danger see the post of HONOUR is the post of danger; OUT of debt, out of danger. dangerous see DELAYS are dangerous; a LITTLE knowledge is a dangerous thing. darksee all CATS are grey in the dark. The DARKEST hour is just before the dawn 1650 T. FULLER Pisgah Sight II. xi. It is always darkest just before the Day dawneth. 1760 in J. Wesley Journal (1913) IV. 498 It is usually darkest before day break. You shall shortly find pardon. 1897 1897 J. MCCARTHY Hist. our Own Times V. iii. Ayoob Khan now laid siege to Candahar. .. As so often happens in the story of England’s

struggles in India, the darkest hour proved to be that just before the dawn. 2002 Washington Times 4 Feb. B5 It is always darkest before the dawn, the old saying goes, and often a declarer reaches a dark point during the early play that precedes his ultimate step toward victory. hope and despair darkness see BETTER to light one candle than to curse the darkness. darling see BETTER be an old man’s darling, than a young man’s slave. daughter see like FATHER, like son; like MOTHER, like daughter; my SON is my son tillhe gets him a wife, but my daughter’s my daughter all the days of her life. dawn see the DARKEST hour is just before the dawn. As the DAY lengthens, so the cold strengthens 1631 E. PELLHAM God’s Power 27 The New Year now begun, as the Days began to lengthen, so the Cold began to strengthen. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 18 As the day lengthens so the cold strengthens. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 52 As the Day lengthens the Cold strengthens. It is often found that February and March are much more cold and piercing than December or January. 1899 A. WEST Recollections II. xxi. The weather at this time was bearing out the old adage and the cold strengthened as the days lengthened. 1978 R. WHITLOCK Calendar of Country Customs iii. As the day lengthens, So the cold strengthens, is still a well-known country proverb, applicable to January and early February. weather lore Be the DAY weary or be the day long, at last it ringeth to evensong 1509 S. HAWES Pastime of Pleasure xlii. R8V For thoughe the day, be neuer so longe, At last the belles ryngeth to euensonge. 1612 T. ADAMS Gallant’s Burden 20 If you could indent with the Sunne to stand still.. yet it shall sette: Be the day never so long, at length comes evensong. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 6132 Be the day never so long, At length cometh Even-song. 1935 ‘J. J. CONNINGTON’ In whose Dim Shadow xv. ‘“Be the day weary or be the day long, At last it ringeth to evensong”,’ quoted the Chief Constable. 1969 N. HALE Life in Studio 120 Be the day short or be the day long, At length it cometh to evensong. perseverance

One DAY honey, one day onionArab saying. 1979 A. DUNCAN Money Rush 129 You get all sorts of figures in this country.. oneday honey, another onion. 2000 D. CARMI Samir and Yonatan 90 It’s like the saying,‘One day honey, one day onion.’ 2003 A. HARTLEY Zanzibar Chest 136 He lived longenough to be philosophical about the ups and downs and said, ‘One day honey, one day anonion.’ 2006 M. K. NYDELL Understanding Arabs 102 The world is changeable, one dayhoney and the next day onions. (This rhymes in Arabic.) fate and fatalism day see also ANOTHER day, another dollar; an APPLE a day keeps the doctor away;BARNABY bright, Barnaby bright, the longest day and the shortest night; BETTER a centuryof tyranny than one day of chaos; the BETTER the day, the better the deed; BETTER to liveone day as a tiger.. ; every DOG has his day; feed a DOG for three days and he will rememberyour kindness for three years.. ; FAIR and softly goes far in a day; FISH and guests smell afterthree days; OTHER times, other manners; ROME was not built in a day; my SON is my sontill he gets him a wife, but my daughter’s my daughter all the days of her life; SUFFICIENTunto the day is the evil thereof; TOMORROW is another day.Let the DEAD bury the dead With allusion to MATTHEW viii. 22 (AV) Jesus said unto him, Follow me; and let thedead bury their dead. 1815 L. DOW Hist. Cosmopolite (1859) 340 A religious bigot made a motion to mobme; but none would second it. A worldling replied to him, ‘Let the dead bury their dead.’1931 J. S. HUXLEY What dare I Think? vi. Let, then, the dead bury the dead. The task forus is to rejuvenate ourselves and our subject. 1997 Spectator 8 Nov. 28 There issomething repellent, as well as profoundly unhistorical, about judging the past by thestandards or prejudices of another age. Let the dead bury the dead. deathDEAD men don’t biteThe words put by Plutarch into the mouth of Theodotus, a teacher of rhetoric, advising theEgyptians to murder Pompey when he came seeking refuge in Egypt after his defeat atPharsalia in 48 BC: PLUTARCH Pompeius lxxvii. a dead man does not bite.Cf. ERASMUS Adages III. vi. mortui non mordent, the dead do not bite.

a 1547 E. HALL Chronicle (1548) Hen. VI 92V A prouerbe.. saith, a dead man doth no harme: Sir John Mortimer.. was attainted [convicted] of treason and put to execucion. 1655 T. FULLER Church Hist. Britain IX. iv. The dead did not bite; and, being dispatch’d out of the way, are forgotten. 1883 R. L. STEVENSON Treasure Island xi. ‘What are we to do with ’em anyway?.. Cut ’em down like that much pork?’.. ‘Dead men don’t bite,’ says he. 1902 A. LANG Hist. Scotland II. xii. The story that Gray ‘whispered in Elizabeth’s ear, The dead don’t bite’, is found in Camden. 1957 L. REVELL See Rome & Die xvi. A dead man cannot bite, as it says somewhere in Plutarch. Pompey’s murderers, I think. Anyhow, that was the way their minds worked then. revenge DEAD men tell no tales Cf. 1560 T. BECON Works II. 97 He that hath his body loden with meat and drinke is nomore mete to prai vnto god then a dead man is to tel a tale. 1664 J. WILSON Andronicus Comnenius I. iv. ‘Twere best To knock ‘um i’ th’ head. .. The dead can tell no tales. 1702 G. FARQUHAR Inconstant v. 76 Ay, ay, Dead Men tell no Tales. 1850 C. KINGSLEY Alton Locke I. iv. Where are the stories of those who have.. ended in desperation?.. Dead men tell no tales. 2001 S. KENDRICK Night Watch iv. 159 Dead men tell no tales. But their bodies sometimes do. revenge; speech and silence Blessed are the DEAD that the rain rains on A similar belief is happy is the BRIDE that the sun shines on. 1607 Puritan I. i. If, Blessed bee the coarse [corpse] the raine raynes vpon, he had it, powring downe. 1787 F. GROSE Provincial Glossary (Superstitions) 61 It is.. esteemed a good sign if it rains whilst a corpse is burying:.. Happy is the corpse that the rain rains on. 1925 F. S. FITZGERALD Great Gatsby 210 I could only remember, without resentment, that Daisy hadn’t sent a message or a flower. Dimly I heard someone murmur, ‘Blessed are the dead that the rain falls on.’ blessings; death dead see also the only GOOD Indian is a dead Indian; it’s ILL waiting for dead men’sshoes; a LIVE dog is better than a dead lion; never SPEAK ill of the dead; STONE-dead hathno fellow; THREE may keep a secret, if two of them are dead.

deadly see the FEMALE of the species is more deadly than the male. There’s none so DEAF as those who will not hear Similar to there’s none so BLIND as those who will not see. Cf. mid 14th-cent. Fr. il n’estsi mavais sours que chuis ch’oër ne voeilt, there is no person so deaf as the one who does notwish to hear. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. ix. K4 Who is so deafe, or so blynde, as is hee, That wilfully will nother here nor see? c 1570 T. INGELEND Disobedient Child C2V I perceyve by thys geare, That none is so deaf, as who wyll not heare. 1766 in B. Franklin Papers (1969) XIII. 18 I have not interfered in this Trial one word, only in my Applications to you and Mr. Foxcraft, both of which turn a deaf Ear: for none so deaf as those who will not hear. 1993 F. SECOMBE ‘Hello, Vicar!’ in Chronicles of a Vicar (1999) i. 8 ‘Don’t worry, Vicar. Of course you’ve got to be up at the parish church more than here. He ought to know that but there you are, there’s none so deaf as him who won’t listen.’ obstinacy A DEAF husband and a blind wife are always a happy couple 1578 J. FLORIO First Fruits 26 There neuer shal be chiding in that house, where the man is blynd, and the wife deafe. 1637 T. HEYWOOD Pleasant Dialogues VI. 334 Then marriage may be said to be past in all quietnesse, When the wife is blind, and the husband deafe. 1940 H. W. THOMPSON Body, Boots & Britches xix. When the wooing is o’er and the maid wed.. the neighbours will observe.. ‘A deaf husband and a blind wife are always a happy couple.’ 1988 Washington Times 8 July E2 Nothing brings out advice mongers like a summer wedding. .. ‘A deaf husband and a blind wife are always a happy couple.’ harmony and disharmony; marriage dear see EXPERIENCE keeps a dear school; GOLD may be bought too dear. dear-bought see FAR-FETCHED and dear-bought is good for ladies. dearest see BUY in the cheapest market and sell in the dearest. DEATH is the great leveller

Cf. CLAUDIAN De Raptu Proserpinae II. 302 omnia mors aequat, death levels all things. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 1250 Death is the grand leveller. 1755 E. YOUNG Centaur ii. Is diversion grown a leveller, like death? 1961 M. DICKENS Heart of London I. 101 ‘All this is going to be a great leveller.’.. ‘It is death which is the great leveller.’ 1973 ‘C. AIRD’ His Burial Too vi. Dr. Dabbe took a last look. .. ‘A classic case, you might say, Sloan, of Death, the Great Leveller.’ death DEATH pays all debts Cf. 1597–8 SHAKESPEARE Henry IV, Pt. 1 III. ii. 157 The end of life cancels all bands[bonds]. 1611 SHAKESPEARE Tempest III. ii. 126 He that dies pays all debts. 1827 SCOTT Two Drovers in Chronicles of Canongate I. xiv. ‘It must be sorely answered.’.. ‘Never you mind that—Death pays all debts; it will pay that too.’ 1979 K. BONFIGLIONI After You xvi. I have no particular objection to death as such; it pays all bills. 1991 G. KEILLOR WLT: Radio Romance xli. I am not responsible anymore. Death pays all debts. Fix the damn furnace yourself. death death see also COWARDS die many times before their death; NOTHING is certain butdeath and taxes; there is a REMEDY for everything except death. debt see DEATH pays all debts; OUT of debt, out of danger; SPEAK not of my debtsunless you mean to pay them. deceive see FOOL me once, shame on you.. deceptive see APPEARANCES are deceptive. deed see the BETTER the day, the better the deed; no GOOD deed goes unpunished. deep see STILL waters run deep. defence see ATTACK is the best form of defence.

The best DEFENSE is a good offense The usual US version of ATTACK is the best form of defence. Also as a good offense is thebest defense. 1989 Washington Times 13 Sept. C9 The reigning corporate strategy these days is that the best defense is a good offense. 1992 MIEDER Dict. of American Proverbs 436 A good offense is the best defense. 2002 Washington Times 6 Apr. B2 There is a saying, ‘The best defense is a good offense.’ Your sister-in-law’s behavior was an example of that. boldness; warfare deferred see HOPE deferred makes the heart sick. defiled see he that TOUCHES pitch shall be defiled. delayed see JUSTICE delayed is justice denied. DELAYS are dangerous Cf. c 1300 Havelok (1915) 1.1352 Dwelling haueth ofte scathe [harm] wrouht. 1578 LYLY Euphues I. 212 Delayes breed daungers, nothing so perillous as procrastination. 1655 J. SHIRLEY Gentlemen of Venice v. 62 Shall we go presently [immediately], delaies are dangerous. 1824 J. FAIRFIELD Letters (1922) p. xxxi. I have always found on all subjects that ‘delays are dangerous’. .. It is expedient that we marry young. 1930 B. FLYNN Murder en Route xxxiii. What a pity Master Hector left it too late. .. Delays are proverbially dangerous. action and inaction; procrastination delved see when ADAM delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman? denied see JUSTICE delayed is justice denied. Derbyshire see YORKSHIRE born and Yorkshire bred, strong in the arm and weak in thehead.

deserve see none but the BRAVE deserve the fair; a CIVIL question deserves a civilanswer; one GOOD turn deserves another. DESPERATE diseases must have desperate remedies The proverb is found in many variant forms. Cf. L. extremis malis extrema remedia,extreme remedies for extreme ills. 1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages 4 A stronge disease requyreth a stronge medicine. 1600–1 SHAKESPEARE Hamlet IV. iii. 9 Diseases desperate grown By desperate appliance are reliev’d, Or not at all. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo- Latina 200 Desperate cuts must have desperate cures. 1659 J. RUSHWORTH Hist. Collections 1.120 According to the usual Proverb, A desperate disease must have a desperate remedy. 1748 RICHARDSON Clarissa VI. 292 I must.. have an interview with the charmer of my Soul: For desperate diseases must have desperate remedies. 1935 ‘A. WYNNE’ Toll House Murder ix. These circumstances are wholly exceptional. Desperate diseases, they say, call for desperate remedies. 1961 ‘A. GILBERT’ She shall Die xi. She’d have sold the roof over her head sooner than have you know. Desperate situations require desperate remedies. 2001 W. NORTHCUTT Darwin Awards II 2 Desperate times call for desperate measures, which are often sensible when you consider the bleak alternative. necessity destiny see HANGING and wiving go by destiny. destroy see whom the GODS would destroy, they first make mad. details see the DEVIL is in the details. The DEVIL can quote Scripture for his own ends The proverb alludes to the temptation of Christ by the Devil (MATTHEW iv) when thelatter quotes a passage from Psalm xci. 1596 SHAKESPEARE Merchant of Venice I. iii. 93 The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. An evil soul producing holy witness Is like a villain with a smiling cheek. 1761 C. CHURCHILL Apology 15 Thus Candour’s maxims flow from Rancour’s throat, As devils, to serve their purpose, Scripture quote. 1843 DICKENS Martin Chuzzlewit xi.

Is any one surprised at Mr. Jonas making such a reference to such a book for such a purpose? Does any one doubt the old saw that the Devil (being a layman) quotes Scripture for his own ends. 1937 ‘C. DICKSON’ Ten Teacups xiii. The versatile personage in our popular proverbs, who.. quotes Scripture for his own ends. 1997 Washington Times 25 July A4 The devil can quote Scripture, as we all know, so why not a politician? good and evil; hypocrisy The DEVIL finds work for idle hands to do Idleness and mischief are linked in ST. JEROME Letters CXXV. xi. fac et aliquid operis,ut semper te diabolus inveniat occupatum, do something, so that the devil may always find youbusy; cf. c 1386 CHAUCER Tale of Melibee 1. 1594 Therfore seith Seint Jerome: ‘Doothsomme goode dedes that the devel, which is oure enemy, ne fynde yow nat unocupied.’ 1715 I. WATTS Divine Songs 29 In Works of Labour or of Skill I would be busy too: For Satan finds some mischief still for idle Hands to do. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 221 If the Devil find a Man idle, he’ll set him on Work. 1792 M. WOLLSTONECRAFT Vindication of Rights of Woman ix. There is a homely proverb, which speaks a shrewd truth, that whoever the devil finds idle he will employ. .. What but habitual idleness can hereditary wealth and titles produce? 1941 A. UPDEGRAFF Hills look Down iv. Better keep busy, and the devil won’t find so much for your idle hands to do. 1997 Spectator 1 Nov. 25 There is potential for such a large new intake to become bored. We all know who makes work for idle hands. 2002 Washington Times 14 Mar. D6 (Crock comic strip) ‘I’ve slaved in your salt mines for twenty years without a day off.’ ‘You can have thirty minutes off.’ ‘Why didn’t you give the poor soul more time off?’ ‘Idle hands work for the devil, Poulet.’ idleness Why should the DEVIL have all the best tunes? Many hymns are sung to popular secular melodies, a practice that was especially favouredby the Methodists. This saying is commonly attributed to the English evangelist Rowland Hill(1744–1833). 1859 W. CHAPPELL Popular Music II. 748 The Primitive Methodists.. acting upon the principle of ‘Why should the devil have all the pretty tunes?’ collect the airs which are sung at pot and public houses, and write their hymns to them. 1879 J. E. HOPKINS Work amongst Working Men vi. If Wesley could not see why the devil should have all the good tunes, still less should we be able to see why he should have all the good amusements. 1933 G. B. SHAW Letter 29 June in In Great Tradition III. 261 Why should the devil have all the fun as well as all the good tunes? 1996 National Review 23 Dec. 6

Not even the rule that the Devil should not have all the best tunes could save ‘Happy Days Are Here Again.’ 2002 Times 23 July 17 The Devil may have all the good tunes, but he was also, it appears, on the receiving end of one of humankind’s greatest puzzles. good and evil The DEVIL is in the details 1978 Washington Post 8 July C7 There is an old German saying.. that the devil is in the details. 1990 Automotive News 5 Mar. 1 Many issues remain unresolved. As one.. official put it, ‘the devil is in the details, and we don’t know what those details are yet.’ 2007 Times 24 Sept. 6 I can’t decide if the hall is modelled on Hell or a bordello.. Red floor, red walls, red everything. The devil may be in the detail but this year he’s also done the decor. great and small The DEVIL is not so black as he is painted Cf. late 15th-cent. Fr. toutesfois n’est il pas sy deable qu’il est noir, a man is not always asdevilish as he is black. 1534 MORE Dialogue of Comfort (1553) III. xxii. Some saye in sporte, and thinke in earnest: The devill is not so blacke as he is painted. 1642 J. HOWELL Instructions for Foreign Travel xiv. The Devill is not so black as he is painted, no more are these Noble Nations and Townes as they are tainted. 1834 MARRYAT Peter Simple II. x. Fear kills more people than the yellow fever. .. The devil’s not half so black as he’s painted. 1953 A. CHRISTIE Pocket full of Rye xxiii. Lance patted her on the arm. ‘You didn’t believe the devil was as black as he was painted? Well, perhaps he wasn’t.’ good and evil; reputation The DEVIL looks after his own Cf. 1606 J. DAY Isle of Gulls D4V You were worse then the devil els, for they say heehelps his Servants. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 310 The Dee’ls ay good to his own. .. Spoken when they whom we affect not, thrive and prosper in the World; as if they had their Prosperity from the Devil. 1837 F. CHAMIER Arethusa II. i. Weazel was the only midshipman saved besides myself: the devil always takes care of his own. 1940 R. A. J. WALLING Why did Trethewy Die? vii. ‘The devil looks after his own,’ said Pierce. ‘Yes,

doesn’t he? But even he’s not so clever, either.’ 1985 B. KNOX Wavecrest vii. 140 He saw Andy Grey’s worried face and winked at him. ‘Cheer up. The devil looks after his own.’ associates; good fortune The DEVIL makes his Christmas pies of lawyers’ tongues and clerks’ fingers 1591 J. FLORIO Second Fruits 179 Of three things the Deuill makes his messe, Of Lawyers tongues, of Scriveners fingers, you the third may gesse [i.e. women]. 1629 T. ADAMS Workes 1059 Corrupt and consciencelesse lawyers you will confesse to be sharp and wounding brambles. .. The Italians haue a shrewd prouerbe against them. The Deuill makes his Christmas-pyes of lawyers tongues, and clerkes fingers. a 1697 J. AUBREY Brief Lives (1898) I. 422 Sir Robert Pye, attorney of the court of wardes,.. happened to dye on Christmas day: the newes being brought to the serjeant, said he ‘The devill haz a Christmas pye.’ 1952 ‘E. QUEEN’ Calendar of Crime 248 Well, well, it couldn’t have happened at a more appropriate season; there’s an old English proverb that says the Devil makes his Christmas pies of lawyers’ tongues. 1980 Times 24 Dec. 8 The Devil makes his Christmas-pies of television personalities’ tongues and journalists’ typing fingers: old English proverb, adapted. honesty and dishonesty; law and lawyers The DEVIL’s children have the Devil’s luck Cf. the DEVIL looks after his own. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 126 The Devils child the Devils luck. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 333 The Dee’ls Bairns have Dee’ls luck. Spoken enviously when ill People prosper. 1798 LD. NELSON Letter 20 July (1845) III. 42 It is an old saying, ‘the Devil’s children have the Devil’s luck.’ I cannot find.. where the French Fleet are gone to. 1938 R. A. J. WALLING Corpse with Grimy Glove vii. They must have had her hidden up somewhere.. and waited till after sundown to get away. The devil’s own luck—but the devil looks after his children. 1980 G. RICHARDS Red Kill viii. The Devil’s son has the Devil’s luck. We’re going to need that kind of luck. luck DEVIL take the hindmost A shortened version of EVERY man for himself, and devil take the hindmost. A Latinversion of this sentiment is HORACE Ars Poetica 417 occupet extremum scabies, may the itchtake the one who is last. 1620 BEAUMONT & FLETCHER Philaster V. i. What if.. they run all away, and

1620 BEAUMONT & FLETCHER Philaster V. i. What if.. they run all away, and cry the Devil take the hindmost. 1725 DEFOE Everybody’s Business 29 In a few years the navigation.. will be entirely obstructed. .. Every one of these gentlemen-watermen hopes it will last his time, and so they all cry, the Devil take the hindmost. 1824 Tales of American Landlord I. ix. The troops.. hurried away.. with a precipitation which seemed to say ‘De’il tak the hindmost.’ 1953 P. GALLICO Foolish Immortals vii. Hannah grew up in.. a land of unlimited resources and opportunity for acquiring them and let the devil take the hindmost. 2002 Times 22 Feb. 24 And Devil take the hindmost. In a better world than the infernal Circle Line, women and children first is still a noble sentiment. self- preservation The DEVIL was sick, the Devil a saint would be; the Devil was well, the devil a saintwas he! Promises made in adversity may not be kept in prosperity. Cf. medieval L. aegrotavitdaemon, monachus tunc esse volebat; daemon convaluit, daemon ut ante fuit, when the Devilwas ill, he wished to be a monk; when the Devil recovered, he was the Devil just as before;1586 J. WITHALS Dict. (rev. ed.) K8 The diuell was sicke and crasie; Good woulde the monkebee that was lasie. 1629 T. ADAMS Works 634 God had need to take what deuotion he can get at our hands in our misery; for when prosperity returnes, wee forget our vowes. .. The Deuill was sicke, the deuill a Monke would be, The Deuill was well, the deuill of [sic] Monke was he [i.e. no sort of monk at all]. 1881 D. C. MURRAY Joseph’s Coat II. xvii. A prisoner’s penitence is a thing the quality of which it is very difficult to judge until you see it.. tried outside. ‘The devil was sick.’ 1913 H. JAMES Small Boy xxviii. The old, the irrepressible adage.. was to live again between them: ‘When the devil was sick the devil a saint would be; when the devil was well the devil a saint was he!’ 1959 E. CADELL Alice, where art Thou? xii. 185 Laurie.. offers to do penance for his past, to make amends in the future. .. My father’s comment is that the devil a monk was he. adversity; hypocrisy Devil see also set a BEGGAR on horseback, and he’ll ride to the Devil; BETTER the devilyou know than the devil you don’t know; never BID the Devil good morrow until you meethim; EVERY man for himself, and devil take the hindmost; GIVE a thing, and take a thing, towear the Devil’s gold ring; GIVE the Devil his due; where GOD builds a church, the Devil willbuild a chapel; GOD sends meat, but the Devil sends cooks; what is GOT over the Devil’sback is spent under his belly; HASTE is from the Devil; HOME is home, as the Devil saidwhen he found himself in the Court of Session; an IDLE brain is the Devil’s workshop;NEEDS must when the Devil drives; PARSLEY seed goes nine times to the Devil; it is easierto RAISE the Devil than to lay him; he who SUPS with the Devil should have a long spoon;TALK of the Devil, and he is bound to appear; TELL the truth and shame the Devil; TRUTH

makes the Devil blush; YOUNG saint, old devil. DIAMOND cuts diamond Used of persons evenly matched in wit or cunning. Also frequently found as a descriptivephrase diamond cut diamond. Cf. 1593 NASHE Christ’s Tears II. 9 An easie matter is it foranie man to cutte me (like a Diamond) with mine own dust. 1604 MARSTON Malcontent IV. i. None cuttes a diamond but a diamond. 1629 J. FORD Lover’s Melancholy I. 18. We’re caught in our own toyles. Diamonds cut Diamonds. 1863 C. READE Hard Cash II. xi. You might say I robbed you. .. It is diamond cut diamond. 1958 M. STEWART Nine Coaches Waiting xi. I’ll always have prospects. Diamond cuts diamond. 1979 Guardian 19 Apr. 26 When the boat comes in: Diamond cut diamond. James Bolam as the rough one turned smoothie. similarity and dissimilarity You can only DIE once c 1435 Torrent of Portugal (EETS) 1. 993 A man schall But onnys Dyee. 1597–8 SHAKESPEARE Henry IV, Pt. 2 III. ii. 228 A man can die but once. a 1721 M. PRIOR in Literary Works (1971) I. 533 With great Submission I pronounce That People dye no more than once. 1818 F. HALL Travels in Canada & United States xxxvii. He replied.. that he was too ill to come out, and should die if she forced him; ‘You can die but once,’ said the beldame. 1840 MARRYAT Olla Podrida I. xii. ‘A man cannot die more than once,’.. but.. a man can die.. once professionally or legally, and once naturally. 1980 M. GILBERT Death of Favourite Girl ii. ‘Why not,’ said Sally. ‘You can only die once.’ death; fate and fatalism die see also good AMERICANS when they die go to Paris; BETTER to die on your feetthan live on your knees; COWARDS die many times before their death; we must EAT a peckof dirt before we die; EAT, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die; whom the GODS lovedie young; the GOOD die young; call no man HAPPY till he dies; he who LIVES by the sworddies by the sword; OLD habits die hard; OLD soldiers never die; YOUNG men may die, butold men must die; also DYING. diet see the best DOCTORS are Dr Diet, Dr Quiet, and Dr Merryman. differ see TASTES differ.

DIFFERENT strokes for different folks Of US origin: strokes = comforting gestures of approval or congratulation. Quickly pickedup and used in a variety of parodic forms, as in a 1974 Volkswagen advertisement: DifferentVolks for different folks. 1973 Houston (Texas) Chronicle Magazine 14 Oct. 4 The popular saying around P [almer] D[rug] A[buse] P[rogram] is ‘different strokes for different folks’, and that’s the basis of the program. 1990 A. STODDARD Gift of Letter iii. Peter sends and receives letters. He dictates everything he writes. I send and receive handwritten letters. I write out everything. Different strokes for different folks. 2002 Washington Post 25 Feb. C2 There are many people who box for the sheer joy of it, there are even more who love to watch them do so; it’s not my own cuppa—though for many years it was—but what it says here is different strokes for different folks, so let the games begin. tact; ways and means The DIFFICULT is done at once; the impossible takes a little longer A version of this is well known as the slogan of the US Armed Forces: the difficult we doimmediately; the impossible takes a little longer. The ‘French Minister’ to whom this saying isattributed in quot. 1873 is Charles Alexandre de Calonne (1734–1802), appointed financeminister by Louis XVI in 1783: si c’est possible, c’est fait; impossible? cela se fera, if a thingis possible, consider it done; the impossible? that will be done (quoted in J. Michelet Histoirede la Revolution Française (1847) I. ii. 8). 1873 TROLLOPE Phineas Redux II. xxix. What was it the French Minister said. If it is simply difficult it is done. If it is impossible, it shall be done. 1967 H. HARRISON Technicolor Time Machine iv. The impossible may take a while, but we do it, you know the routine. 1981 P. MCCUTCHAN Shard calls Tune iv. A well-worn precept of the British Navy was that the difficult was done at once; the impossible took a little longer. 1997 National Review 29 Sept. 66 That’s good, utilitarian, achievement-oriented American lingo. We do the difficult immediately, the impossible takes a little longer. possibility and impossibility difficult see also it is the FIRST step that is difficult. difficulty see ENGLAND’S difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity.

digging see when you are in a HOLE, stop digging. DILIGENCE is the mother of good luck 1591 W. STEPNEY Spanish Schoolmaster L2V Diligence is the mother of good fortune. La diligencia es madre de la buena ventura. 1736 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Feb.) Diligence is the mother of good Luck. 1875 S. SMILES Thrift ix. Diligence is the mother of good luck. .. A man’s success in life will be proportionate to his efforts. 1972 B. EMECHETA In Ditch vi. Where do people get a system that allows a man to be better off when out of work?.. People.. used to say that diligence was the mother of fortune. diligence; luck dinner see AFTER dinner rest a while, after supper walk a mile; BETTER a dinner ofherbs than a stalled ox where hate is. Throw DIRT enough, and some will stick Persistent slander will eventually pass for truth. Cf. L. calumniare fortiter, et aliquidadhaerebit, slander strongly and some will stick. 1656 Trepan 34 She will say before company, Have you never had the French Pox? speak as in the sight of God: let them Reply what they will, some dirt will stick. 1678 B. R. Letter to Popish Friends 7 ‘Tis a blessed Line in Matchiavel—If durt enough be thrown, some will stick. 1705 E. WARD Hudibras Redivivus II. 11 Scurrility’s a useful Trick, Approv’d by the most Politic; Fling Dirt enough, And some will stick. 1857 T. HUGHES Tom Brown’s Schooldays I. viii. Whatever harm a.. venomous tongue could do them, he took care should be done. Only throw dirt enough and some of it is sure to stick. 2000 P. LOVESEY Reaper xvi. 201 ‘We both know Owen is full of wind and piss.’ ‘The trouble is not everyone knows that. Throw enough mud, and some will stick.’ malice; slander dirt see also we must EAT a peck of dirt before we die. DIRTY water will quench fire Mainly used to mean that a man’s lust can be satisfied by any woman, however loose or

ugly. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. V. B2 As this prouerbe saieth, forquench-yng hot desire, Foul water as soone as fayre, wyl quenche hot fire. 1796COBBETT Political Censor Sept. 62 That I have made use.. of the British Corporal for agood purpose, I have little doubt—Dirty water will quench fire. 1945 O. ONIONS RaggedRobin vi. It’s flocks and straw for us. .. Well, dirty water’s good enough to quench a firewith. 1995 A. G. TAYLOR Simeon’s Bride xxvi. 173 She had the thick ugly feet of astreetwalker. .. How could anyone go with her?’ Dewi shrugged. ‘They do say dirty waterputs out fire just as well.’ necessity; ways and means dirty see also it’s an ILL bird that fouls its own nest; don’t THROW out your dirty wateruntil you get in fresh; one does not WASH one’s dirty linen in public.disappointed see BLESSED is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed.DISCRETION is the better part of valourCf. EURIPIDES Suppliants 1. 510 and bravery consists inforesight; c 1477 CAXTON Jason (EETS) 23 Than as wyse and discrete he withdrewe himsayng that more is worth a good retrayte than a folisshe abydinge. 1597–8 SHAKESPEARE Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. iv. 121 The better part of valour isdiscretion; in the which better part, I have saved my life. 1885 C. LOWE Prince BismarckI. v. Napoleon.. had vowed that he would free Italy ‘from the Alps to the Adriatic’, but..he acted on the maxim that discretion is the better part of valour. 2002 Washington Times12 Jan. F10 (Fox Trot comic strip) ‘Who knew you weren’t supposed to club him or kickhim or lob fireballs, just because he’s huge and fierce and can squash you at will!’‘You’ve heard the saying, “Discretion is the better part of valor”? Think of this as avaluable life lesson.’ discretion; prudencedisease see DESPERATE diseases must have desperate remedies.disgrace see POVERTY is no disgrace, but it is a great inconvenience. dish see BETTER are small fish than an empty dish; REVENGE is a dish that can be eatencold.

dismount see he who RIDES a tiger is afraid to dismount. dispose see MAN proposes, God disposes. DISTANCE lends enchantment to the view 1799 T. CAMPBELL Pleasure of Hope I. 3 Why do those cliffs of shadowy tint appear More sweet than all the landscape smiling near?—‘Tis distance lends enchantment to the view, And robes the mountain in its azure hue. 1827 T. HOOD Poems (1906) 78 What black Mont Blancs arose, Crested with soot and not with snows. ..I fear the distance did not ‘lend enchantment to the view’. 1901 C. FITCH Captain Jinks II. 118 ‘I wish you’d taike me hout of the second row and put me in the front.’.. ‘You forget the old adage,.. “Distance lends enchantment.” ‘1974 T. SHARPE Porterhouse Blue xviii. As ever with Lady Mary’s affections, distance lent enchantment to the view, and.. she was herself the intimate patroness of this idol of the media. absence ditch see when the BLIND lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. DIVIDE and rule Government is more easily maintained if factions are set against each other, and notallowed to unite against the ruler. A common maxim (in Latin divide et impera, in Germanentzwei und gebiete), it should not (pace quot. 1732) be laid at the door of the Italian politicalphilosopher Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527), who in fact denounced this principle. Cf. 1588tr. M. Hurault’s Discourse upon Present State of France 44 It hath been alwaies her [Catherinede Medici’s] cus-tome, to set in France, one against an other, that in the meane while sheemight rule in these diuisions. 1605 J. HALL Meditations I. 109 For a Prince.. is a sure axiome, Diuide and rule. 1732 SWIFT Poems III. 805 As Machiavel taught ’em, divide and ye govern. 1907 Spectator 20 Apr. 605 The cynical maxim of ‘Divide and rule’ has never clouded our relations with the daughter-States. 1979 D. WILLIAMS Genesis & Exodus ii. Matters concerning the estate were put in the hands of a secretary and a steward who were responsible not to Benson but to the Governors. But ‘divide and rule’ was not in his nature. power; rulers and ruled

divided see a HOUSE divided cannot stand; UNITED we stand, divided we fall. divine see to ERR is human (to forgive divine); on SAINT Thomas the Divine kill allturkeys, geese, and swine. DO as I say, not as I do Cf. MATTHEW xxiii. 3 (AV) Do not ye after their works: for they say, and do not. a 1100 in N. R. Ker Anglo-Saxons (1959) 277 Ac theah ic wyrs do thonne ic the lœre ne do thu na swa swa ic do, ac do swa ic the lœre gyf ic the wel lœre [Although I do worse than I teach you, do not do as I do, but do as I teach you if I teach you well]. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. V. H4 V It is as folke dooe, and not as folke say. 1689 J. SELDON Table-Talk 45 Preachers say, Do as I say, not as I do. 1911 Spectator 24 June 957 It has always been considered allowable to say.. to children, ‘Do as I say, rather than as I do.’ 1979 D. CLARK Heberden’s Seat v. I saw you spooning sugar into coffee. .. Do as I say, not as I do. 2001 Spectator 4 Aug. 28 Do as I say, not as I do. The government’s White Paper on competition is a bad example in itself, for why should there only be one of it? hypocrisy; words and deeds DO as you would be done by A pithier form of DO unto others as you would they should do unto you. The forms aresometimes mixed, e.g. quot. 1991. c 1596 A. MUNDAY et al. Sir Thomas More 9 A [he] saies trewe: letts do as we may be doon by. 1747 CHESTERFIELD Letter 16 Oct. (1932) III. 1035 ‘Do as you would be done by,’ is the surest method that I know of pleasing. 1863 C. KINGSLEY Water Babies v. I shall grow as handsome as my sister.. the loveliest fairy in the world;.. her name is Mrs. Doasyouwouldbedoneby. 1928 ‘J. J. CONNINGTON’ Mystery at Lynden Sands viii. ‘Do unto others as you’d be done by’ is my motto. 1965 M. FRAYN Tin Men i. ‘Always treat a man as you would wish to be treated yourself. .. ‘’Do as you would be done by.’ ‘It’s good human relations. .. ‘ Mr. Vulgurian paused and stroked his hair, doing to it as he would be done by. 1991 T. MO Redundancy of Courage xxix. 394 ‘Do unto others as you would be done by’ was a more positive social prescription of societies like Toronto. reciprocity; society DO right and fear no man

SHAKESPEARE Troilus & Cressida IV. v. 223 The end crowns all; And that old common arbitrator, Time, Will one day end it. 1820 SCOTT Abbot I. xiii. As the end crowns the work, it also forms the rule by which it must be ultimately judged. 1870 DICKENS Edwin Drood xviii. Proof, sir, proof, must be built up stone by stone. .. As I say, the end crowns the work. 1961 J. WEBB One for my Dame iii. That the end should crown the work, that I had given no more lies than I had been told made no difference. You either played it straight or you didn’t. finality The END justifies the means Cf. OVID Heroides ii. 85 exitus acta probat, the outcome justifies the deeds. The negativeof this is also often asserted. 1583 G. BABINGTON Exposition of Commandments 260 The ende good, doeth not by and by make the meanes good. 1718 M. PRIOR Literary Works (1971) I. 186 The End must justify the Means: He only Sins who Ill intends. 1941 ‘H. BAILEY’ Smiling Corpse 238 ‘The police don’t like to have their bodies moved.’.. ‘In this case the end justifies the means.’ 2001 Washington Times 2 Aug. A16 The conservatives’ war on drugs is an example of good intentions that have had unfortunate consequences. As often happens with noble causes, the end justifies the means, and the means of the drug war are inconsistent with the U.S. Constitution and our civil liberties. action and consequence end see also (noun) ALL good things must come to an end; the DEVIL can quote Scripturefor his own ends; EVERYTHING has an end; he who WILLS the end, wills the means; (verb)all’s WELL that ends well. ending see a GOOD beginning makes a good ending endured see what can’t be CURED must be endured. The ENEMY of my enemy is my friend 1985 M. KORDA Queenie III. xiii. 347 In California, I’m an outsider. So is Wolff, so we’re natural allies. “The enemy of my enemy is my friend,” as I believe the Arabs say. 1992 MIEDER Dict. American Proverbs 181 The enemies of my enemies are my friends. 2000 New Yorker 25 Sept. 56/1 The enemy-of-my-enemy-is-my-friend logic.. dominates central-African politics. 2001 Spectator 24 Nov. 36 The hack right-wing answer.. is to quote what the quoters claim to be ‘the old Arab proverb’: ‘The enemy of

my enemy is my friend.’ 2002 National Review 3 May (online ed.) Or was she [Barbie]— as conservatives insisted, taking the view that ‘the enemy of my feminist enemy is my friend’—simply good childhood fun? enemies; friends enemy see also the BEST is the enemy of the good; it is good to make a BRIDGE of goldto a flying enemy; the GOOD is the enemy of the best; there is no LITTLE enemy; SAVE usfrom our friends; if you SIT by the river for long enough, you will see the body of your enemyfloat by. ENGLAND is the paradise of women, the hell of horses, and the purgatory of servants C f . 1558 BONAVENTURE DES PERIERS Nouvelles Recreations N1VParis ..c’est leparadis des femmes, l’enfer des mules, et le purgatorie des soliciteurs; 1583 R. D. Mirrour ofMirth K1VParis is a paradise for women, a hel for mens horses, and a Purgatorye for thosethat followe suits of Law. 1591 J. FLORIO Second Fruits 205 She takes her ease, and followes her busines at home. .. England is the paradise of women, the purgatory of men, and the hell of horses. 1617 F. MORYSON Itinerary III. I. iii. England.. is said to be the Hell of Horses, the Purgatory of Seruants, and the Paradice of Weomen. 1787 F. GROSE Provincial Glossary s.v. England, England is the paradise of women, hell of horses, and purgatory of servants. 1962 E. S. TURNER What Butler Saw i. An ancient proverb said that England was ‘the hell of horses, the purgatory of servants and the paradise of women’. When the eighteenth century came in, England was still the hell of horses, but there were loud complaints that it had become the paradise of servants and the purgatory of women. national characteristics ENGLAND’S difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity 1856 Tribune 19 Jan. 188 Some few years ago, we followed O’Connell, and when he declared that ‘England’s difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity’, we threw our hats in the air. 1916 G. B. SHAW in New York Times (Mag.) 9 Apr. 2 The cry that ‘England’s Difficulty Is Ireland’s Opportunity’ is raised in the old senseless, spiteful way as a recommendation to stab England in the back when she is fighting some one else. 1969 T. PAKENHAM Year of Liberty i. Successive plantations—of Scottish Presbyterians in Ulster.. did not secure Ireland. The Catholics’ watchword remained: ‘England’s difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity.’ 1997 Times 15 Oct. 8 Britain’s difficulty became Ireland’s opportunity last night when.. Sir Denis Mahon presented three Baroque paintings originally destined for Liverpool to the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin. opportunity; politics

England see also the CAT, the rat, and Lovell the dog, rule all England under the hog;what MANCHESTER says today, the rest of England says tomorrow; TURKEY, heresy, hops,and beer came into England all in one year. The ENGLISH are a nation of shopkeepers Attributed to Napoleon in B. E. O’Meara Napoleon in Exile (1822) I. 103 L’Angleterre estune nation de boutiquiers. The concept of the shopkeeping nation is however earlier: 1766 J.TUCKER Letter from Merchant 46 A Shop-keeper will never get the more Custom by beatinghis Customers; and what is true of a Shop-keeper, is true of a Shop-keeping Nation; 1776 A.SMITH Wealth of Nations II. IV. vii. To found a great empire for the sole purpose of raisingup a people of customers, may at first sight appear a project fit only for a nation ofshopkeepers. 1831 DISRAELI Young Duke I. xi. Hast thou brought this, too, about that ladies’ hearts should be won.. over a counter. .. We are indeed a nation of shopkeepers. 1911 Times Weekly 17 Feb. 132 Napoleon.. described the English as a nation of shopkeepers. Uttered in a sneering spirit, it embodied.. the profound truth that our prosperity is based upon our trade. 1981 R. RENDELL Put on by Cunning xiv. Americans.. are a nation of salesmen just as the English are a nation of small shopkeepers. 2002 Times 5 Jan. 25 England is indeed a nation of shopkeepers, but it has always preferred to draw these shopkeepers from among the newly Anglicised. national characteristics One ENGLISHMAN can beat three Frenchmen Now also used of other nationalities, and in different proportions. 1599 SHAKESPEARE Henry V III. vi. 144 When they were in health. .. I thought upon one pair of English legs Did march three Frenchmen. 1745 H. WALPOLE Letter 13 July (1941) IX. 17 We, who formerly.. could any one of us beat three Frenchmen, are now so degenerated that three Frenchmen can evidently beat one Englishman. 1834 MARRYAT Peter Simple III. viii. My men.. there are three privateers. .. It’s just a fair match for you—one Englishman can always beat three Frenchmen. 1851 G. BORROW Lavengro I. xxvi. In the days of pugilism it was no vain boast to say, that one Englishman was a match for two of t’other race [the French]. 1913 A. LUNN Harrovians i. Peter knew that an Englishman can tackle three foreigners, and forgot that the inventor of this theory took care to oppose three Englishmen to one foreigner as often as possible. 1981 London Review of Books 16 July-5 Aug. 5 Spain’s conquest of Mexico ‘gave Europeans a new and

potent myth’, the conviction of one European as equal to twenty others. boasting; national characteristicsAn ENGLISHMAN’s house is his castle 1581 R. MULCASTER Positions xl. He is the appointer of his owne circumstance, and his house is his castle. 1642 T. FULLER Fast Sermon 28 It was wont to be said A mans house is his Castle but if this Castle of late hath proved unable to secure any, let them make their conscience their castle. 1791 BOSWELL Life of Johnson II. 284 In London.. a man’s own house is truly his castle, in which he can be in perfect safety from intrusion. 1837 DICKENS Pickwick Papers xxiv. Some people maintains that an Englishman’s house is his castle. That’s gammon [nonsense]. 1998 Garden (Royal Horticultural Society) May 313 An Englishman’s house may be his castle, but does it follow that his garden is his forest? 2002 Washington Times 1 Aug. A14 An Englishman’s home is no longer his castle. Thanks to gun control zealots, England has become the land of choice for criminals. home; national characteristicsAn ENGLISHMAN’s word is his bond c 1500 Lancelot of Lake (STS) 1.1671 O kingis word shuld be o kingis bonde. a 1606 Nobody & Somebody C2V Nobodies worde is as good as his bond. 1642 T. FULLER Holy State V. XIII . He hath this property of an honest man, that his word is as good as his band. 1754 RICHARDSON Grandison I. Letter ix. I am no flincher. ..The word of Sir Rowland Meredith is as good as his bond. 1841 DICKENS Old Curiosity Shop lviii. ‘Marchioness,’ said Mr. Swiveller, rising, ‘the word of a gentleman is as good as his bond —sometimes better, as in the present case.’ 1916 F. VANE Letter 14 Sept. in M. Gibbon Inglorious Soldier iii. [List of fictions underlying national conceit:] 3. That English justice is something much more superfine than any other sort of justice (owing to Public School training!) and that an Englishman’s word is his bond. 1981 A. GRAHAM-YOOLL Forgotten Colony xvi. If a verbal promise is made the native, to seal the contract, usually says palabra de inglés,.. meaning that he will act as an Englishman, whose word is his bond. honour; national characteristicsENOUGH is as good as a feast c. 1375 J. BARBOUR Bruce (EETS) XIV. 363 He maid thame na gud fest, perfay [truly], And nocht-for-thi [nevertheless] yneuch had thai. c 1470 MALORY Morte d’Arthur (1967) I. 246 Inowghe is as good as a feste. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. xi. M1 Here is enough, I am satisfied (sayde he).. For folke say, enough is as good as a feast. 1833 LAMB Elia’s Last Essays vi. That enough is as good as a feast. Not

a man, woman, or child in ten miles round Guildhall, who really believes this saying. 1928 D. H. LAWRENCE Woman who rode Away 165 I’ll live with another woman but I’ll never marry another. Enough is as good as a feast. 2000 T. & R. MAGLIOZZI In Our Humble Opinion 208 And now we know from our Happiness equation that the problem is high Expectations. And who comes to the rescue? Rooster Cogburn, who else? Enough is as good as a feast. content and discontent; food and drink ENOUGH is enough From its older use as an expression of content or satisfaction (cf. ENOUGH is as good as afeast), this is now frequently used as a reprimand, warning someone off from persisting in aninappropriate or excessive course of action. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. xi. M1 Sens enough is enough (sayd I) here maie we With that one word take end good. 1832 W. IRVING Alhambra II. 40 ‘I will descend for no more,’ said the Moor, doggedly; ‘enough is enough for a reasonable man —more is superfluous.’ 1915 T. DREISER Titan (ed. 3) xlvii. 404 I realize all its merits just as well as you do. But enough is enough. 2007 New Scientist 20 Oct 59 Also then I’d get talking about people that I still see, and I didn’t think much would be gained by it.. Enough is enough. content and discontent; moderation enough see also throw DIRT enough, and some will stick; give a man ROPE enough andhe will hang himself; a WORD to the wise is enough. envied see BETTER be envied than pitied. equal see DOGS look up to you, cats look down on you, pigs is equal. To ERR is human (to forgive divine) Although known in Latin (humanum est errare, it is human to err) and in earlier Englishversions, this saying is generally quoted in Pope’s words (quot. 1711). Cf. c 1386 CHAUCERTale of Melibee 1.1264 The proverbe seith that ‘for to do synne is mannyssh, but certes for topersevere longe in synne is werk of the devel’; 1539 R. MORISON tr. J. L. Vives’ Introductionto Wisdom D7 It is naturally gyuen to al men, to erre, but to no man to perseuer.. therein. 1578 H. WOTTON tr. J. Yver’s Courtly Controversy E3 To offend is humaine, to

repent diuine, and to perseuere diuelish. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (French) 12 To erre is humane, to repent is divine, to persevere is Diabolicall. 1711 POPE Essay on Criticism 1. 525 Good-Nature and Good-Sense must ever join; To Err is Humane; to Forgive, Divine. 1908 Times Literary Supplement 27 Mar. 1 The modern moralist pardons everything, because he is not certain of anything, except that to err is human. 2000 T. DALRYMPLE Life at Bottom (2001) 222 To err is human, to forgive divine: and the police have now taken up the role of divinities, making allowances for wrongdoers instead of apprehending them. forgiveness; wrong-doers escape see LITTLE thieves are hanged, but great ones escape. eternal see HOPE springs eternal. Eve see when ADAM delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman? even see (adjective) don’t get MAD, get even; never give a SUCKER an even break;(adverb) even a WORM will turn. evensong see be the DAY weary or be the day long, at last it ringeth to evensong. event see COMING events cast their shadows before; it is easy to be WISE after the event. ever see NOTHING is for ever. EVERY little helps Cf. 1590 G. MEURIER Deviz Familiers A6 peu ayde, disçoit le formy, pissant en mer enplein midy, every little helps, said the ant, pissing into the sea at midday. 1602 P. GAWDY Letters (1906) 118 The wrenn sayde all helpte when she—in the sea. 1623 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain (ed. 3) 268 Euery thing helpes, quoth the Wren when she pist i’ the sea. 1787 E. HAZARD in Collections of Massachusetts Hist. Society (1877) 5th Ser. II. 477 A guinea is a guinea, and every little helps. 1840 MARRYAT Poor Jack xiii. It’s a very old saying, that every little helps. .. Almost all the men were on the larboard side. 1988 J. MORTIMER Rumpole and Age of Miracles (1989) 48 ‘I’ll get him to make a few inquiries relative to the bird in question. Every little helps.’ assistance; great and small

EVERY man for himself See also the later expanded forms in the next two proverbs. c 1386 CHAUCER Knight’s Tale 1.1182 At the kynges court, my brother, Ech man for hymself, ther is noon oother. 1478 J. WHETLEY Letter 20 May in Paston Letters (1976) II. 427 Your moder.. hath made her wyll, the wyche ye shall understond more when I com, for ther is every man for hym selff. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) (Scottish) 366 Every man for himself (quoth the Merteine). 1795 D. YANCEY Letter 6 June in Virginia Magazine of Hist. & Biography (1922) XXX. 224 The old adage might well be applied in many cases. Every man for himself. 1974 A. PRICE Other Paths to Glory II. vi. It was pretty much every man for himself. But I was hit quite early on. self- preservation EVERY man for himself, and devil take the hindmost The two earliest examples are more closely aligned in form to the following proverb. Seealso DEVIL take the hindmost. 1530 A. BARCLAY Eclogues (EETS) I. 1009 Eche man for him selfe, and the fiende for all. 1573 J. SANFORDE 108V Euery man for him selfe; and the Deuill for all. 1858 D. M. MULOCK Women’s Thoughts about Women ii. The world is hard enough, for two- thirds of it are struggling for the dear life—’each for himself, and de’il tak the hindmost.’ 1939 L. I. WILDER By Shores of Silver Lake xxv. There wasn’t any standing in line. .. It was each fellow for himself and devil take the hindmost. 2001 Spectator 24 Nov. 29 One senses that..Tories are hostile to that extra refinement of civilisation: it’s every man for himself, and devil take the hindmost. Remember what Mrs Thatcher said about not helping ‘lame ducks’.. ? self-preservation EVERY man for himself, and God for us all 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. ix. L2 Praie and shifte eche one for hym selfe, as he can. Every man for hym selfe, and god for us all. 1615 T. ADAMS White Devil (ed. 2) 83 That by-word, Euery man for himselfe, and God for vs all, is vncharitable, vngodly. 1830 MARRYAT King’s Own III. xiii. The captain.. ordered the sailor to leave the boat. ‘Every man for himself, and God for us all!’ was the cool answer of the refractory sea-man. 1979 Times 29 Dec. 12 Each for himself, and God for us all, as

the elephant said when he danced among the chickens. self-preservation EVERY man has his price 1734 W. WYNDHAM in Bee VIII. 97 ‘It is an old Maxim, that every Man has his Price,’ if you can but come up to it. 1798 W. COXE Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole I. lxiv. The political axiom generally attributed to him [Walpole].. was perverted by leaving out the word those... He ascribed to the interested views of themselves.. the declaration of pretended patriots, of whom he said, ‘All those men have their price.’ 1845 G. P. R. JAMES Smuggler I. x. ‘You can do nothing with Mowle. He never took a penny in his life.’ ‘Oh, every man has his price.’ 1949 N. MAILER Naked & Dead II. xi. It was the sort of deal his father might have pulled. ‘Every man has his price.’ 2000 ‘C. AIRD’ Little Knell xiv. 162 ‘Howard Air’s accountants, sir, assure us that all their clients are men and women of unimpeachable integrity.’ ‘No such thing,’ came back Leeyes smartly. ‘Everyone’s got their price.’ bribery and corruption EVERY man is the architect of his own fortune Although attributed to Bacon in quot. 1991, this was a saying of the Roman censor AppiusClaudius Caecus (4th-3rd cent. BC) : PSEUDO-SALLUST Ad Caesarem Senem i. sed resdocuit id verum esse, quod in carminibus Appius ait, fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae, butexperience has shown what Appius said in his verses to be true, that each man is the architectof his own fortune. 1533 N. UDALL Flowers for Latin Speaking (1560) 24 A prouerbiall spekyng. .. Euery man.. is causer of his own fortune. 1649 MILTON Eikonoklastes III. 542 They in whomsoeuer these vertues dwell.. are the architects of thir own happiness. 1707 J. DUNTON Athenian Sport 454 We are.. architects of our own fortune. 1818 S. FERRIER Marriage III. vi. As every man is said to be the artificer of his own fortune, so every one.. had best be the artificer of their own friendship. 1873 Notes & Queries 4th Ser. XII. 514 We have not a commoner saying among us than ‘Every man is the architect of his own fortune,’ and we have very few much older. 1991 Times 5 June 18 Educationists complain of the limitations on their resources; but quantifying this in league tables proves the long- term truth of Bacon’s dictum quisque faber suae fortunae, each the maker of his own fate. self-help EVERY man to his taste Cf. STATIUS Silvae II. ii. 73 sua cuique voluptas, everyone has his own pleasures; Fr.

chacun à son goût, each to his taste. 1580 LYLY Euphues & his England II. 161 Betweene them it was not determined, but euery one as he lyketh. a 1640 MIDDLETON et al. Old Law II. ii. Every one to their liking. But I say An honest man’s worth all. 1760 STERNE Tristram Shandy I. vii. I own I never could envy Didius in these kinds of fancies of his:—But every man to his own taste. 1849 BULWER-LYTTON Caxtons III. XVII. i. ‘Sheep are dull things to look at after a bull-hunt.’.. ‘Every man to his taste in the Bush.’ 1929 E. LINKLATER Poet’s Pub xxvi. ‘I like fairy tales,’ said the professor. .. ‘Every man to his taste,’ agreed the landlord. 1986 J. SMITH Tourist Trap xviii. Tried to get me to try one, and our son and daughter-in-law too. But we wouldn’t do it. I said, ‘“Everybody to their own taste,” said the old lady as she kissed the cow.’ idiosyncrasy; taste EVERY man to his trade With allusion to I CORINTHIANS vii. 20 (AV) Let every man abide in the same callingwherein he was called. Cf. 1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages E1 Let euerye manexercise hym selfe in the facultie that he knoweth. 1590–1 SHAKESPEARE Henry VI, Pt. 2IV. ii. 15 And yet it is said ‘Labour in thy vocation’; which is as much to say as ‘Let themagistrates be labouring men’; and therefore should we be magistrates. 1597–8 SHAKESPEARE Henry IV, Pt. 1 II. ii. 75 Every man to his business. 1605 MARSTON Dutch Courtesan I. i. Every man must follow his trade, and every woman her occupation. a 1721 M. PRIOR Dialogues of Dead (1907) 221 Every man to his trade, Charles, you should have challenged me at long pike or broad sword. 1930 C. BUSH Murder at Fenwold viii. ‘I dabble in Mathematics but.. I’d rather have your Latinity.’ ‘Every man to his trade.’ 1990 ‘C. AIRD’ Body Politic (1991) x. 110 ‘Too early at the crem [crematorium], of course,’ said Tod, surprised. ‘That’s always bad.’ ‘Yes, I can see that,’ agreed Sloan. Every man to his own trade. business; trades and skills; work every see also every CLOUD has a silver lining; every COCK will crow upon his owndunghill; every DOG has his day; every DOG is allowed one bite; every ELM has its man;there is an EXCEPTION to every rule; every HERRING must hang by its own gill; everyJACK has his Jill; every LAND has its own law; every PICTURE tells a story; if every manwould SWEEP his own doorstep the city would soon be clean; every TUB must stand on itsown bottom; there are TWO sides to every question. EVERYBODY loves a lord 1869 F. J. FURNIVALL in Queen Elizabeth’s Academy (EETS) p. xii. The second

1869 F. J. FURNIVALL in Queen Elizabeth’s Academy (EETS) p. xii. The second tract.. is printed, not mainly because ‘John Bull loves a Lord’.. but because the question of Precedence was so important a one in old social arrangements. 1908 Spectator 3 July 9 It is always said that an Englishman loves a lord. It would be more exact to say that he is in love with lordliness. 1980 M. NICHOLLS Importance of being Oscar (1981) 58 If pressed, he would probably have admitted that he was no exception to the adage that ‘Everybody Loves a Lord’. societyWhat EVERYBODY says must be true a 1400 Legends of Saints (STS) III. 105 For I fynd suthfastnes [truth], that al men sais, is nocht les [lies]. c 1475 in Modern Philology (1940) XXXVIII. 118 Hit ys cominly truye that all men sayth. c 1518 A. BARCLAY tr. Mancinus’ Mirror of Good Manners F1V It nedes muste be trewe which euery man doth say. 1748 RICHARDSON Clarissa IV. 74 The most accomplished of women, as every one says; and what every one says must be true. 1905 A. MACLAREN Gospel according to St. Matthew II. 246 ‘What everybody says must be true’ is a cowardly proverb. .. What most people say is usually false. public opinion; truthEVERYBODY’s business is nobody’s business Cf . ARISTOTLE Politics II. i. a mattercommon to most men receives least attention. 1611 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English s.v. Ouvrage, Euerie bodies worke isno bodies worke. 1655 I. WALTON Compleat Angler (ed. 2) I. ii. A wise friend of minedid usually say, That which is every bodies businesse, is no bodies businesse. 1725DEFOE (title) Every-Body’s Business, is No-Body’s Business;.. exemplified in the prideof our Woman-Servants. 1914 G. B. SHAW Misalliance 10 ‘The danger of publicbusiness is that it never ends’ . . ‘What I say is that everybody’s business is nobody’sbusiness.’ 1981 D. CLARK Longest Pleasure v. It’s unfair to try to make points bymisquoting. What you should have said is ‘everybody’s business is nobody’s business’,and that doesn’t fit our present case at all. busybodies everyone see you can’t PLEASE everyone; everyone SPEAKS well of the bridge whichcarries him over; everyone STRETCHES his legs according to the length of his coverlet.EVERYTHING has an end

Cf. mid 14th-cent. Fr. mais il n’est chose qui ne fine, ne qui ne viengne à son termine, butthere is nothing which doesn’t end, which doesn’t come to its conclusion. c 1385 CHAUCER Troilus & Criseyde III. 615 At the laste, as every thyng hath ende, She took hire leve. 1616 N. BRETON Crossing of Proverbs A6 ‘Euery thing hath an end’.. ‘Not so, a Ring hath none.’ 1841 DICKENS Barnaby Rudge xx. Everything has an end. Even young ladies in love cannot read their letters for ever. 1980 D. FRANCIS Reflex viii. Can’t go on for ever, more’s the pity. Everything ends, doesn’t it. finality everything see also ALL things come to those who wait; when all you have is aHAMMER, everything looks like a nail; MONEY isn’t everything; a PLACE for everything,and everything in its place; there is a REMEDY for everything except death; there is a TIMEand place for everything; there is a TIME for everything. evidence see what the SOLDIER said isn’t evidence. EVIL communications corrupt good manners Proper conduct is harmfully influenced by false information or knowledge; also used toassert the deleterious effect of bad example. With allusion to I CORINTHIANS xv. 33 (AV)Be not deceived: evil communications corrupt good manners. c 1425 J. ARDERNE Treatises of Fistula (EETS) 5 Shrewed speche corrumpith gode maners. 1533 MORE Debellation [subjugation] of Salem xiv. (As saynt Poule speketh of such heresyes) euyl communication corrupteth good maners. 1749 FIELDING Tom Jones I V. XII. iii. I heartily wish you would.. not think of going among them.—Evil Communication corrupts good Manners. 1874 TROLLOPE Phineas Redux I. xvi. [The horse] would have taken the fence.. but Dandolo had baulked.. and evil communications will corrupt good manners. 1939 W. S. MAUGHAM Christmas Holiday ii. A disposition of such sweetness that no evil communication could corrupt his good manners. 1973 ‘M. INNES’ Appleby’s Answer ii. One can’t be too careful in choosing a well-bred cat’s company. .. Evil communications corrupt good manners. conduct; example, good and bad EVIL doers are evil dreaders a 1568 R. ASCHAM Schoolmaster (1570) I. 27 Ill doinges, breed ill thinkinges. And corrupted manners, spryng perverted iudgements. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 176

Ill doers, ill deemers. 1737 A. RAMSAY Scots Proverbs xix. Ill doers are ay ill dreaders. 1828 SCOTT Fair Maid of Perth II. v. Put me not to quote the old saw, that evil doers are evil dreaders.—It is your suspicion, not your knowledge, which speaks. 1886 R. L. STEVENSON Kidnapped xxvii. If you were more trustful, it would better befit your time of life. .. We have a proverb.. that evil doers are aye evil-dreaders. conscience; wrong- doers EVIL to him who evil thinks Medieval Fr. honi soit qui mal y pense is the motto of the Order of the Garter, originated in1348 or 1349 by King Edward III of England; the saying is well known in its French form aswell as being current in a variety of English versions. Quots. 1589 and 1650 offer suggestionson the translation. c 1460 SIR R. ROS La Belle Dame in Skeat (ed.) Chaucer VIII. 397 Who thinketh il, no good may him befal. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. ix. C2 And shame take him that shame thinkth. 1589 G. PUTTENHAM Arte of English Poesie (Arber) 116 Commonly thus Englished, Ill be to him that thinks ill, but in mine opinion better thus, Dishonoured is he that meanes dishonorably. 1650 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English (Howell’s Epistle Dedicatory) We English it, Ill be to him who thinks ill; though the true sense be, let him be beray’d who thinks any ill, being a metaphor taken from a child that hath berayed [fouled] his clouts [clothes], and in France ther’s not one in a hundred who understands this word nowadayes. 1668 DENHAM in Dryden Miscellany v. 76 Who evil thinks, may evil him confound. 1954 B. FLYNN Doll’s Done Dancing xvii. 158 ‘The..er.. hoi polloi.. can always be found ready to point the finger or shrug the shoulder or.. er.. nod the head. Whereas the understanding..erudite person..with the right instincts, makes no comment. Evil to him who evil thinks.’ good and evil Never do EVIL that good may come of it With allusion to ROMANS iii. 8 (AV) And not.. Let us do evil, that good may come. 1583 P. STUBBES Anatomie of Abuses K5 We must not doo euil, that good may come of it: yet the lawes in permitting certain reasonable gain to be received for the loane of money lent.. haue not doone much amisse. 1689 G. BULKELEY Letter in Coll. Connecticut Hist. Society (1860) I. 59 If I knew any thing whereby to justify the present proceeding, I should not conceal it; but we must not do evil that good may come of it. 1882 C. M. YONGE Unknown to History II. ix. Walsingham’s agents.. did evil that good might come, thinking Mary’s death alone would ensure them from Pope and Spaniard. 1950 J. CANNAN Murder Included 127 What.. were the ethics? A promise made to a

silly child, was it binding? You mustn’t do evil that good may come of it.. but the boy was only fourteen and practically half-witted, and Lisa was an absurd little Quixote. good and evil; ways and means evil see also a GREAT book is a great evil; IDLENESS is the root of all evil; MONEY isthe root of all evil; SEE no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil; SUFFICIENT unto the day is theevil thereof. Of two EVILS choose the less C f . ARISTOTLE Nicomachean Ethics II. ix. 1109a we must as a second-best course, it is said, take the leastof the evils; CICERO De Officiis III. xxix. minima de malis, of evils choose the least. c 1385 CHAUCER Troilus & Criseyde II. 470 Of harmes two, the lesse is for to chese. c 1440 Gesta Romanorum (EETS) 10 Of too Evelis the lasse Evill is to be chosyn. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. v. B2 Of two yls, chose the least while choyse lyth in lot. 1785 J. BOSWELL Journal of Tour to Hebrides 464 ‘O ho! Sir, (said I), you are flying to me for refuge!’.. ‘It is of two evils choosing the least.’ 1891 A. FORBES Barracks, Bivouacs & Battles 187 Either the Turks would make a prisoner of me.. or I must.. take my chance of the Russian fire. .. ‘Of two evils choose the less,’ says the wise proverb. 1975 J. PORTER Package Included Murder xiv. She didn’t want to wake dear Constance, who really needed all the sleep she could get, but if she didn’t.. Miss Jones chose the lesser of two evils. choices EXAMPLE is better than precept Cf. SENECA Letters vi. 5 longum iter est per precepta, breve et efficax per exempla, longis the way by means of precepts, short and effective by examples. 1400 J. MIRK Festial (EETS) 216 Then saythe Seynt Austeyn [Augustine] that an ensampull yn doyng ys mor commendabull then ys techyng other [or] prechyng. a 1568 R. ASCHAM Schoolmaster (1570) I. 20 One example, is more valiable.. than xx. preceptes written in bookes. 1708 M. PRIOR Literary Works (1971) I. 535 Example draws where Precept fails, And Sermons are less read than Tales. 1828 D. M. MOIR Mansie Wauch xix. Example is better than precept, as James Batter observes. 1981 P. O’DONNELL Xanadu Talisman ii. Example is always better than precept, remember. example, good and bad; words and deeds

The EXCEPTION proves the rule ‘The very fact of an exception proves there must be a rule’ (Brewer); now frequentlymisunderstood and used to justify inconsistency. Cf. L. exceptio probat regulam in casibusnon exceptis, the exception confirms the rule in cases not excepted. 1640 G. WATTS Bacon’s Advancement of Learning VIII. iii. Exception strengthens the force of a Law in Cases not excepted. 1664 J. WILSON Cheats A2V I think I have sufficiently justifi’d the Brave man, even by this Reason, That the Exception proves the Rule. 1765 S. JOHNSON Shakespeare Preface C2V There are a few passages which may pass for imitations, but so few that the exception only confirms the rule. 1863 W. S. GILBERT in Cornhill Mag. Dec. VIII. 727 As for the dictum about Temple Bar, why, the case of Poddle and Shaddery might be one of those very exceptions whose existence is necessary to the proof of every general rule. 1907 H. W. FOWLER Si Mihi 80 It is one of those cryptic sayings, like ‘The exception proves the rule’, which always puzzle me. 1994 ‘C. AIRD’ ‘Fair Cop’ in Injury Time (1995) 27 [H]ome was where most victims of murder met their end. This instance, he was prepared to concede, might just be the exception that proved the rule. rules, general There is an EXCEPTION to every rule See also the preceding entry and RULES are made to be broken. 1579 T. F. News from North D1V There is no rule so generall, that it admitteth not exception, albeit i dout not.. that honors chaunge maners. 1608 T. HEYWOOD Rape of Lucrece V. 169 A general concourse of wise men. ..Tarquin, if the general rule have no exceptions, thou wilt have an empty consistory [council chamber]. 1773 R. GRAVES Spiritual Quixote III. IX. xviii. The rules of Grammar cannot, in any language, be reduced to a strict analogy; but all general rules have some exceptions. 1836 MARRYAT Midshipman Easy I. xii. I have little reason to speak in its favour.. but there must be exceptions in every rule. 1981 Listener 21 May 683 ‘There is still something awe- inspiring about a duke,’ we are informed. Only those who share such values will want to read Heirs and Graces. Even they should remember that there is an exception to every rule. rules, general A fair EXCHANGE is no robbery 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. iv. G4 Chaunge be no robbry for the changed case. c 1590 John of Bordeaux (1936) 1. 213 Exchaung is no roberie. a 1628 in

M. L. Anderson Proverbs in Scots (1957) no. 540 Fair shifts [exchange] na robberie. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 105 Fair Exchange is no Rob’ry. Spoken when we take up one Thing, and lay down another. 1748 SMOLLETT Roderick Random II. xli. Casting an eye at my hat and wig.. he took them off, and clapping his own on my head, declared, that a fair exchange was no robbery. 1960 N. MITFORD Don’t tell Alfred xx. ‘So it was you who took away the Harar frescoes?’ ‘Took away? We exchanged them. .. A good exchange is no robbery, I believe?’ 1999 J. CUTLER Dying to Score i. 5 ‘Superintendent Groom, sir, I have to report that I was just considering my spring-cleaning,’ I said. ‘And, since fair exchange is no robbery, what about your thoughts?’ fair dealing excites see the BLEATING of the kid excites the tiger. excuse see a BAD excuse is better than none; IGNORANCE of the law is no excuse forbreaking it. He who EXCUSES, accuses himself Cf. L. dum excusare credis, accusas, while you believe you excuse, you accuse; Fr. quis’excuse, s’accuse. 1611 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English s.v. Excuser, Some when they mean to excuse, accuse, themselues. 1884 J. PAYN Canon’s Ward II. xxxi. It is very difficult for a person in my position to excuse without accusing himself, but I should like you to feel that Miss Gilbert’s fortune has formed no part of her attraction for me. 1936 J. STAGGE Murder gone to Earth vi. She spoke with such venom that I remembered the good old French proverb of ‘he who excuses, accuses himself.’ 1968 G. WAGNER Elegy for Corsica xi. The tests would be underground, every precaution taken, impossible to contaminate anything. One had heard these pleas before .. Who excuses himself accuses himself. conscience; excuses expand see WORK expands so as to fill the time available. What can you EXPECT from a pig but a grunt? Used rhetorically with reference to coarse or boorish behaviour. 1731 Poor Robin’s Almanack C6 If we petition a Hog, what can we expect but a

grunt. 1827 SCOTT Journal 10 Apr. (1941) 41 They refuse a draught of £20, because, inmistake, it was £8 overdrawn. But what can be expected of a sow but a grumph? 1910 P.W. JOYCE English as We speak it in Ireland x. Of a coarse, ill-mannered man, who usesunmannerly language: ‘What could you expect from a pig but a grunt.’ 1997 Spectator 22Nov. 37/2 References in Mr Cole’s letter to the ‘bottle’ were, to say the least, distasteful.But then, as they say, ‘What can you expect from a pig but a grunt?’ conduct; humannatureexpect see also BLESSED is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed.EXPERIENCE is the best teacher The Latin tag experientia docet, experience teaches, gave rise to a large number ofproverbs. There is no standard form, and the sayings given below illustrate the themes that‘one learns (also, fools learn) by experience’ and that ‘experience is a hard teacher’. See alsoEXPERIENCE keeps a dear school. a 1568 R. ASCHAM Schoolmaster (1570) I. 19 Erasmus.. saide wiselie thatexperience is the common scholehouse of foles. 1618 N. BRETON Court & Country B4Let ignorance be an enemy to wit, and experience be the Mistris of fools. 1670 J. RAYEnglish Proverbs 86 Experience is the mistress of fools. Experientia stultorum magistra.Wise men learn by others harms, fools by their own. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no.1484 Experience teacheth Fools; and he is a great one, that will not learn by it. 1856 F. M.WHITCHER Widow Bedott Papers xxix. I.. dident know how to do anything as well as Ido now. .. Experience is the best teacher, after all. 1874 G. J. WHYTE-MELVILLE UncleJohn I. x. Experience does not make fools wise. .. Most proverbs are fallacious. Nonegreater than that which says it does. 1962 Infantry Nov.-Dec. 26 Experience is a hardteacher, and we cannot afford to learn on the battlefield what should be taught duringnormal training. 2002 Washington Post 11 Jan. C10 Whoever said ‘experience is the bestteacher’ got it right—as you can certainly testify. experienceEXPERIENCE is the father of wisdom Cf. ALCMAN Fragments cxxv. (Page) experience is the beginningof knowledge. 1539 R. TAVERNER Garden of Wisdom II. 24V This be commonly true, forexperience is mother of prudence, yet suche prudence & wysedom cost the comon wealemoch. a 1547 E. HALL Chronicle (1548) Rich. III 31 He by the longe and often alternate

proof.. had gotten by greate experience the very mother and mastres of wisedome. 1581 G. PETTIE tr. S. Guazzo’s Civil Conversation I. 11 Experience is the father of wisedom, and memorie the mother. 1788 American Museum III. 183 If it be true, that experience is the mother of wisdom, history must be an improving teacher. 1981 P. O‘DONNELL Xanadu Talisman ii. Experience is the father of wisdom, remember. experience; wisdom EXPERIENCE keeps a dear school 1743 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Dec.) Experience keeps a dear school, but Fools will learn in no other. 1897 C. C. KING Story of British Army vii. But the British leaders were to learn the fact, they might have foreseen, in the ‘only school fools learn in, that of experience’. 1938 E. O. LORIMER tr. W. Frischauer’s Twilight in Vienna vii. The various Governments had.. to learn their lesson in blood and tears, for ‘experience keeps a dear school’. 2000 Washington Post 17 July C2 You are never going to be any of these people—for which it says here you should be eternally grateful—but that isn’t going to stop you from trying, is it? In the immortal words of (talk about success gurus) Benny Franklin: ‘Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other.’ experience EXTREMES meet Opposite extremes have much in common. Cf. a 1662 PASCAL Pensées (new ed., 1835) I.iv. 109 les extremes se touchent, extremes meet. 1762 J. WATTS in Collections of New York Hist. Society (1928) LXII. 48 But as extremes meet we may possibly the sooner have a peace for it. 1822 SCOTT Nigel III. iii. This Olifaunt is a Puritan?—not the less like to be a Papist.. for extremities meet. 1836 E. HOWARD Rattlin the Reefer I. xiv. Let us place at least one ‘barring out’ [i.e. action of schoolboys barricading themselves in a room] upon record, in order to let the radicals see, and seeing hope, when they find how nearly extremes meet, what a slight step there is from absolute despotism to absolute disorganization. 1905 J. B. CABELL Line of Love vi. It is a venerable saying that extremes meet. 1978 Economist 16 Dec. 22 Groups of the extreme left and extreme right are each other’s total opposites and avowed enemies. But in some respects these extremes meet. human nature; opposites extremity see MAN’S extremity is God’s opportunity. What the EYE doesn’t see, the heart doesn’t grieve over

Cf. ST. BERNARD Sermon v. All Saints, vulgo dicitur: Quod non videt oculus cor nondolet, it is commonly said: what the eye sees not, the heart does not grieve at; early 14th-cent.Fr. car on dit que ce que on ne voit au cueur ne deult, for it is said that what one does not seedoes not harm the heart. 1545 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages (ed. 2) 13 That the eye seeth not, the hart rueth not. 1576 G. PETTIE Petit Palace 145 As the sence of seeinge is most sharp, so is that paine most pinching, to see the thing one seeketh, and can not possesse it. .. And as the common saying is, that which the eye seeth, the hart greeueth. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 341 What the Eye sees not, the Heart rues not. Men may have Losses, but if they be unknown to them they give them no Trouble. 1830 J. L. BURCKHARDT Arabic Proverbs 109 When the eye does not see, the heart does not grieve. 1883 C. S. BURNE Shropshire Folklore xxxvi. These.. seem to be popular legal maxims. .. What the eye doesn’t see, the heart doesn’t grieve. 1939 G. HEYER No Wind of Blame iii. Anyone knows what men are, and what the eye doesn’t see the heart won’t grieve over. 1986 ‘J. GREENWOOD’ Mists Over Mosley (1987) xix. 122 ‘But they have a saying in these parts. “What the eye don’t see, the heart don’t grieve,” and I’ve always said to myself, that’s not a bad motto for a man.’ ignorance; trouble The EYE of a master does more work than both his hands 1744 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Oct.) The eye of a Master, will do more Work than his Hand. 1876 I. BANKS Manchester Man I. xiv. She was wont to say, ‘The eye of a master does more work than both his hands,’ accordingly in house or warehouse her active supervision kept other hands from idling. 1907 Washington Post 9 Jan. 8/4 (advertisement) The Eye of a Master Does Better Work Than Both His Hands. 1993 Buffalo News (New York) 11 June 4 It was Benjamin Franklin, for whom the Cattaraugus County community of Franklinville is named, who observed: ‘The eye of the master will do more work than both his hands.’ employers and employees eye see also BEAUTY is in the eye of the beholder; the BUYER has need of a hundredeyes, the seller of but one; FIELDS have eyes, and woods have ears; FOUR eyes see more thantwo; HAWKS will not pick out hawks’ eyes; PLEASE your eye and plague your heart. The EYES are the window of the soul Occurs in a number of variant forms: the face is the index of the mind is among thoseexemplified below. Cf. CICERO Orator lx. ut imago est animi voltus sic indices oculi, the face

is a picture of the mind as the eyes are its interpreter; L. vultus est index animi (also oculusanimi index), the face (also, eye) is the index of the mind. 1545 T. PHAER Regiment of Life 14 The eyes.. are the wyndowes of the mynde, for both ioye & anger..are seene..through them. a1575 J. PILKINGTON Nehemiah (1585) i. The affections of the minde declare them selues openlie in the face. 1601 JONSON Cynthia’s Revels D3VI can refell [refute] that Paradox.. of those, which hold the face to be the Index of the minde. 1781 A. ADAMS in L. H. Butterfield et al. Adams Family Correspondence (1973) IV. 2151 did not study the Eye that best Index to the mind. 1864 MRS. H. WOOD Trevlyn Hold I. i. You have not to learn that the face is the outward index of the mind within. 1940 G. SEAVER Scott of Antarctic II. 48 The eye, which is the reflector of the external world, is also the mirror of the soul within. 1979 J. GERSON Omega Factor iii. If the old saying, the eyes are the window of the soul, were true then this young girl had misplaced her soul. 1997 Windows Magazine Feb. 205 If the eyes are the windows to the soul, then the monitor is the window to your system. 2000 J. W. HALL Rough Draft (2001) i. 23 He’d never believed in reading things into people’s eyes. All that windows-of-the-soul bullshit. appearance, significant

F face see don’t CUT off your nose to spite your face; the EYES are the window of the soul. FACT is stranger than fiction An alliterative version of TRUTH is stranger than fiction. 1853 T. C. HALIBURTON Sam Slick’s Wise Saws 5 Facts are stranger than fiction, for things happen sometimes that never entered into the mind of man to imagine or invent. 1881 A. JESSOPP Arcady for Better or Worse iii. I have no desire to convince the world that..in this..case fact is stranger than fiction. But the following instance of Mr. Chowne’s ‘cunning’ may be verified. 1929 E. J. MILLWARD Copper Bottle 64 Facts may be stranger than fiction,.. but fiction is generally truer than facts. 1980 Christian Science Monitor 30 May B3 Some of the research seems almost eerie to the outsider, covering some genuine fact-is-stranger-than-fiction ground. reality and illusion FACTS are stubborn things 1732 E. BUDGELL Liberty & Progress ii. Plain matters of fact are terrible stubborn things. 1749 J. ELIOT Continuation of Essay on Field Husbandry 20 Facts are stubborn things. 1866 BLACKMORE Cradock Nowell III. vi. Facts, however, are stubborn things, and will not even make a bow to the sweetest of young ladies. 1942 L. THAYER Murder is Out xxvii. You’re.. too intelligent to think that suggestion would have any weight with a jury. .. Facts are stubborn things. reality and illusion fail see when all FRUIT fails welcome haws. failure see SUCCESS has many fathers, while failure is an orphan. FAINT heart never won fair lady Cf. c 1390 GOWER Confessio Amantis v. 6573 Bot as men sein, wher herte is failed, Therschal no castell ben assailed.

1545 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages (ed. 2) 10 A coward verely neuer obteyned the loue of a faire lady. 1580 LYLY Euphues & his England II. 131 Faint hart Philautus neither winneth Castell nor Lady: therfore endure all thinges that shall happen with patience. 1614 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain (ed. 2) 306 Faint heart neuer wonne faire Lady. 1754 RICHARDSON Grandison I. xvi. Then, madam, we will not take your denial. .. Have I not heard it said, that faint heart never won fair lady. 1899 G. GISSING Crown of Life xiii. Could he leave England, this time, without confessing himself to her? Faint heart—he mused over the proverb. 2002 New Scientist 11 May 37 Those who risk all might die in the attempt, but this is no worse genetically speaking than sitting around and dying childless; they might, by risking all, do very well indeed. Faint heart never won fair lady. boldness; love FAIR and softly goes far in a day c 1350 Douce MS 52 no. 50 Fayre and softe me [one] ferre gose. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 87 Fair and softly goes far in a day. ..He that spurs on too fast at first setting out, tires before he comes to his journeys end. Festina lente. 1818 SCOTT Heart of Midlothian IV. viii. Reuben Butler isna the man I take him to be, if he disna learn the Captain to fuff [puff] his pipe some other gate [place] than in God’s house, or [before] the quarter be ower. ‘Fair and softly gangs far,’ said Meiklehose. 1914 K. F. PURDON Folk of Furry Farm ii. Maybe I’m like the singed cat, better than I look! I’m slow, but fair and easy goes far in a day. gentleness; tact All’s FAIR in love and war Cf. 1578 LYLY Euphues I. 236 Anye impietie may lawfully be committed in loue, whichis lawlesse. 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote II. xxi. Love and warre are all one. .. It is lawfull to use sleights and stratagems to.. attaine the wished end. 1845 G. P. R. JAMES Smuggler II. iv. In love and war, every stratagem is fair, they say. 1986 S. BRETT Nice Class of Corpse xl. Then Eulalie’s eyes narrowed and she looked hard at her companion. ‘Do you believe that all is fair in love and war?’ 2002 Spectator 15 June 63 All is fair in love and war, and it is important that you sustain your marriage. You must therefore take the following, deceitful steps. fair dealing; love; warfare FAIR play’s a jewel 1809 W. IRVING Hist. New York II. VI. vii. The furious Risingh, in despight of that

1809 W. IRVING Hist. New York II. VI. vii. The furious Risingh, in despight of that noble maxim.. that ‘fair play is a jewel’, hastened to take advantage of the hero’s fall. 1823 J. F. COOPER Pioneers II. v. Well, fair play’s a jewel. But I’ve got the lead of you, old fellow. 1935 E. F. BENSON Lucia’s Progress viii. There’s been a lil’ mistake. .. I want my lil’ rubber of Bridge. Fair play’s a jewel. 1948 L. A. G. STRONG Trevannion iv. ‘It ain’t good to win crooked.’ ‘Good for you, Stan. I agree. Fair play’s a jewel.’ fair dealing fair see also none but the BRAVE deserve the fair; a fair EXCHANGE is no robbery;FAINT heart never won fair lady; GIVE and take is fair play; if SAINT Paul’s day be fair andclear, it will betide a happy year; SAINT Swithun’s day if thou be fair for forty days it willremain; TURN about is fair play. FAITH will move mountains With allusion to MATTHEW xvii. 20 (AV) If ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed, yeshall say unto this mountain; Remove hence to yonder place; and it shall remove. Cf. ICORINTHIANS xiii. 2 (AV) though I have all faith; so that I could remove mountains; andhave not charity, I am nothing. 1897 ‘S. GRAND’ Beth Book xvi. If mountains can be moved by faith, you can surely move your own legs! 1933 J. BETJEMAN Ghastly Good Taste iii. As faith can move mountains, so nothing was impossible to Holy Church. 1948 B. STEVENSON Home Book of Proverbs (rev. ed.) 745 Faith will move mountains. 1980 C. FREMLIN With no Crying xix. Faith moves mountains, they say: and Hope lights up our darkness. faith FALL down seven times, get up eight Japanese proverb 1997 New York Times 24 Aug. (online) ‘I always told him, “Fall down seven times, get up eight,”’ said John Kim, the bridegroom’s father. ‘That’s a martial arts motto.’ 2006 R. PAGE on www.russpage.net 10 Apr. I saw a Dwayne Wade commercial this morning that showed him falling down on the basketball court numerous times. Seven times to be exact. Toward the end of the commercial, it shows him lying face down on the court as he lifts up his head and smiles before standing up. The final line says something like ‘Fall down seven times. Get up eight.’ It seems very motivational. perseverance

fall see (noun) hasty CLIMBERS have sudden falls; PRIDE goes before a fall; (verb) theAPPLE never falls far from the tree; BETWEEN two stools one falls to the ground; theBIGGER they are, the harder they fall; when the BLIND lead the blind, both shall fall into theditch; the BREAD never falls but on its buttered side; a REED before the wind lives on, whilemighty oaks do fall; if the SKY falls we shall catch larks; when THIEVES fall out, honest mencome by their own; as a TREE falls, so shall it lie; UNITED we stand, divided we fall. fame see COMMON fame is seldom to blame. FAMILIARITY breeds contempt Cf. ST. AUGUSTINE Scala Paradisi 8 (Migne 40, col. 1001) vulgare proverbium est, quodnimia familiaritas parit contemptum, it is a common proverb, that too much familiarity breedscontempt. c 1386 CHAUCER Tale of Melibee 1. 1685 Men seyn that ‘over-greet hoomlynesse [familiarity] engendreth dispreisynge’. 1539 R. TAVERNER Garden of WisdomII. 4vHys specyall frendes counsailled him to beware, least his ouermuche familiaritie myght breade him contempte. 1654 T. FULLER Comment on Ruth 176 With base and sordid natures familiarity breeds contempt. 1869 TROLLOPE He knew He was Right II. lvi. Perhaps, if I heard Tennyson talking every day, I shouldn’t read Tennyson. Familiarity does breed contempt. 1928 D. H. LAWRENCE Phoenix II (1968) 598 We say.. Familiarity breeds contempt. .. That is only partly true. It has taken some races of men thousands of years to become contemptuous of the moon. 2002 Washington Times 12 Jan. All What’s that saying about familiarity breeding contempt? By now, [Daniel] Snyder doesn’t seem to think much of any of them. familiarity The FAMILY that prays together stays together The saying was invented by Al Scalpone, a professional commercial-writer, and was usedas the slogan of the Roman Catholic Family Rosary Crusade by Father Patrick Peyton (P.Peyton, All for Her, 1967). The crusade began in 1942 and the slogan was apparently firstbroadcast on 6 Mar. 1947 during the radio programme Family Theater of the Air. The Crusadein Britain started in 1952, and the expression now has many (often humorous) variant forms. 1948 St. Joseph Mag. (Oregon) Apr. 3 ‘More things are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of’, and ‘The family that prays together stays together.’ Such religious themes are hardly what one would expect to hear propounded over the air waves of our modern radio. 1954 Parents’ Magazine Feb. 119 The family that plays together stays

together. 1980 R. HILL Spy’s Wife xxi. The family that spies together, sties together. Old Cockney Russian proverb. 1996 Washington Post 15 Mar. B3 First, Mother Teresa opined on the divorce of Princess Di and Prince Charles. .. ‘The family that prays together stays together; and if you stay together, you will love one another with the same love with which God loves each one of us.’ 2001 Times 22 Dec. 19 History has forgotten Catherine Hogarth, as her husband [Charles Dickens] eventually did. Those who cook together stay together. Maybe because they cannot decide who should get the blender. family family see also ACCIDENTS will happen (in the best-regulated families). far see BLUE are the hills that are far away; FAIR and softly goes far in a day; GOD ishigh above, and the tsar is far away; the MOUNTAINS are high, and the emperor is far away. fare see GO further and fare worse. FAR-FETCHED and dear-bought is good for ladies Expensive or exotic articles are suitable for women. c 1350 Douce MS 52 no. 7 Ferre ifet and dere i-bowght is goode for ladys. 1583 B. MELBANCKE Philotimus 18 Pallas.. is.. hard to be found, but easy to be intreated, to be farre fetchte & deare boughte, but that we say is good for Ladies. 1616 JONSON Epicœne V. 163 When his cates [delicacies] are all in brought, Though there be none far fet, there will dear-bought, Be fit for ladies. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 60 But you know, far-fetch’d and dear-bought is fit for Ladies. I warrant, this cost your Father Two pence half-penny. 1876 I. BANKS Manchester Man III. x. ‘Where did these beautiful things come from?’.. ‘India.. They are “far-fetched and dear-bought”, and so must be good for you, my lady.’ novelty; taste fashion see BETTER be out of the world than out of the fashion; when the GORSE is outof bloom, kissing’s out of fashion. fast see BAD news travels fast; a MONEYLESS man goes fast through the market. fastest see he TRAVELS fastest who travels alone. fasting see it’s ill speaking between a FULL man and a fasting.

The FAT man knoweth not what the lean thinketh 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 605 The fatt man knoweth not, what the leane thinketh. 1952 C. R. SHORT Devil’s Power 111 Tony Gowar grunted. He was thinking of an old proverb he had read in a seventeenth-century book of proverbs in his father’s library: ‘The fat man knoweth not what the lean thinketh!’ ignorance fat see also a GREEN Yule makes a fat churchyard; the OPERA isn’t over till the fat ladysings. Like FATHER, like son The variant form like father, like daughter also occurs. Like MOTHER, like daughterevolved separately, although both it and this proverb were fixed in this form in the seventeenthcentury. Cf. L. qualis pater talis filius, as is the father, so is the son. c 1340 R. ROLLE Psalter (1884) 342 Ill sunnys folous ill fadirs. 1509 A. BARCLAY Ship of Fools 98 An olde prouerbe hath longe agone be sayde That oft the sone in maners lyke wyll be Vnto the Father. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 149 Like father like sonne. 1709 O. DYKES English Proverbs 30 Like Father, like Son. .. How many Sons inherit their Fathers Failings, as well as Estates? 1936 W. HOLTBY South Riding v. i. Perhaps Lydia might do it once too often. ..Like father, like daughter. 1983 ‘M. INNES’ Appleby & Honeybath xii. And like son, like father, if one may so vary the old expression. Neither of them reading men. children and parents; similarity and dissimilarity father see also the CHILD is father of the man; EXPERIENCE is the father of wisdom;SUCCESS has many fathers, while failure is an orphan; it is a WISE child that knows its ownfather; the WISH is father to the thought. A FAULT confessed is half redressed 1558 Interlude of Wealth & Health D2V Yf thou haue doone amisse, and be sory therfore, Then helfe a mendes is made. 1592 Arden of Feversham H1V A fault confessed is more than half amends, but men of such ill spirite as your selfe Worke crosses [arguments] and debates twixt man and wife. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 1140 Confession of a Fault makes half amends. 1822 SCOTT Nigel III. v. Come, my Lord,

remember your promise to confess; and indeed, to confess is, in this case, in some slight sort to redress. 1855 H. G. BOHN Handbook of Proverbs 285 A fault confessed is half redressed. 1981 P. O’DONNELL Xanadu Talisman X. A fault confessed is half redressed, so I hope he will forgive us. confession; error favour see (noun) KISSING goes by favour; (verb) FORTUNE favours fools; FORTUNEfavours the brave. FEAR the Greeks bearing gifts The saying is often used allusively. The original Latin version is also quoted: VIRGILAeneid II. 49 timeo Danaos, et dona ferentes, I fear the Greeks, even when bringing gifts (saidby Laocoön as a warning to the Trojans not to admit the wooden horse); thus 1777 S.JOHNSON Letter 3 May (1952) II. 515 Tell Mrs. Boswell that I shall taste her marmaladecautiously at first. Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes. Beware, says the Italian proverb, of areconciled enemy. 1873 TROLLOPE Phineas Redux I. xxxiii. The right honourable gentleman had prided himself on his generosity as a Greek. He would remind the right honourable gentleman that presents from Greeks had ever been considered dangerous. 1929 Times 26 Oct. 13 Mr. Moses.. must now be reflecting on the wisdom of the advice to ‘fear the Greeks even when they bring gifts’. 1943 E. S. GARDNER Case of Drowsy Mosquito vi. ‘It wasn’t a trap, I tell you.’ Nell Sims said.. ‘Fear the Greeks when they bear olive branches.’ 1980 J. GERSON Assassination Run iv. Fear the Greeks bearing gifts was the maxim to be drummed into every novice in the department. deception; giving and receiving fear see also the man who has once been BITTEN by the snake fears every piece of rope;DO right and fear no man; FOOLS rush in where angels fear to tread; man fears TIME, buttime fears the pyramids. feast see AFTER the feast comes the reckoning; the COMPANY makes the feast;ENOUGH is as good as a feast. feather see BIRDS of a feather flock together; FINE feathers make fine birds. FEBRUARY fill dyke, be it black or be it white

February is traditionally a month of heavy rain (black) or snow (white), but see quot. 1978. 1557 T. TUSSER Husbandry D1 Feuerell fill dyke, doth good with his snowe. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 40 February fill dike Be it black or be it white; But if it be white, It’s the better to like. 1906 E. HOLDEN Country Diary of Edwardian Lady (1977) 13 February fill dyke Be it black or be it white. 1978 R. WHITLOCK Calendar of Country Customs iii. Though February is notoriously associated with floods, as in the appellation ‘February fill-dyke’, it is statistically one of the driest months of the year. calendar lore If in FEBRUARY there be no rain, ‘tis neither good for hay nor grain An earlier expression of this idea is: 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 40 All the moneths inthe year curse a fair Februeer. 1706 J. STEVENS Spanish & English Dict. s.v. Febrero, When it does not rain in February, there’s neither good Grass nor good Rye. 1906 E. HOLDEN Country Diary of Edwardian Lady (1977) 13 If February bring no rain ‘Tis neither good for grass nor grain. 1978 R. WHITLOCK Calendar of Country Customs iii. One farming adage asserts that ‘If in February there be no rain Tis neither good for hay nor grain.’ weather lore FEED a cold and starve a fever Probably intended as two separate admonitions, but the rationale behind the alternativeinterpretation is explained in quot. 2002. Early medical advice is represented by: 1574 J.WITHALS Dict. 66 Fasting is a great remedie in feuers. 1852 E. FITZGERALD Polonius p. ix. ‘Stuff a cold and starve a fever,’ has been grievously misconstrued, so as to bring on the fever it was meant to prevent. 1867 ‘M. TWAIN’ Celebrated Jumping Frog 69 It was policy to ‘feed a cold and starve a fever’. 1939 C. MORLEY Kitty Foyle xxxi. I said I better go downstairs and eat a square meal, ‘feed a cold and starve a fever.’.. ‘You misunderstand that,’ he says. ‘It means if you feed a cold you’ll have to starve a fever later.’ 1997 Washington Times 19 Nov. A8 ‘Forget about feeding a cold and starving a fever,’ Dr. Edelman said, adding there is no medical reason for diet changes. 2002 New Scientist 9 Feb. 51 The saying should be: ‘If you feed a cold you will have to starve a fever.’ The theory goes that if you carry on eating when you have a cold, your body will have to use up vital energy digesting the food rather than.. fighting the cold. You are therefore more likely to allow the cold to develop and become a fever. Your body will then have no option but to shut down your desire to eat in order to

direct all its energy into fighting the fever. health feed see the CARIBOU feeds the wolf, but it is the wolf who keeps the caribou strong; feeda DOG for three days and he will remember your kindness for three years... feel see a MAN is as old as he feels, and a woman as old as she looks; PRIDE feels nopain. feet see BETTER to die on your feet than live on your knees; the CAT would eat fish, butwould not wet her feet; also FOOT. fell see LITTLE strokes fell great oaks. fellow see STONE-dead hath no fellow. The FEMALE of the species is more deadly than the male. The phrase the female of the species is often used with allusion to the proverb. 1911 R. KIPLING in Morning Post 20 Oct. 7 The she-bear thus accosted rends the peasant tooth and nail, For the female of the species is more deadly than the male. 1922 WODEHOUSE Clicking of Cuthbert ix. The Bingley-Perkins combination, owing to some inspired work by the female of the species, managed to keep their lead. 1979 Guardian 28 Apr. 12 We know phrases about the female of the species being more deadly than the male, but the suffragettes.. seemed to have gone into.. abeyance. women fence see GOOD fences make good neighbours; the GRASS is always greener on the otherside of the fence. fetch see a DOG that will fetch a bone will carry a bone. fever see FEED a cold and starve a fever. few see MANY are called but few are chosen; you WIN a few, you lose a few.

fiction see FACT is stranger than fiction; TRUTH is stranger than fiction. fiddle see there’s many a GOOD tune played on an old fiddle. fiddler see they that DANCE must pay the fiddler. FIELDS have eyes, and woods have ears The urban equivalent is WALLS have ears. c 1225 in Englische Studien (1902) XXXI. 8 Veld haued hege [eye], and wude haued heare—Campus habet lumen et habet nemus auris acumen. c 1386 CHAUCER Knight’s Tale 1.1522 But sooth is seyd, go sithen many yeres, That ‘feeld hath eyen and the wode hath eres’. 1640 J. HOWELL Dodona’s Grove A4V Hedges have eares, the rurall Proverb sayes. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation iii. 199 ‘O, Miss; ‘tis nothing what we say among ourselves.’.. ‘Ay Madam; but they say Hedges have Eyes, and Walls have Ears.’ 1905 S. J. WEYMAN Starvecrow Farm xxviii. Heedful of the old saying, that fields have eyes and woods have ears, she looked carefully round her before she laid her hand on the gate. eavesdroppers FIGHT fire with fire An injunction to counter like with like. Cf. early 14th-cent. Fr. lung feu doit estaindrelautre, one fire must put out another; 1608 SHAKESPEARE Coriolanus IV. vii. 54 One firedrives out one fire; one nail, one nail. 1846 J. F. COOPER Redskins III. i. If ‘Fire will fight fire’, ‘Indian’ ought to be a match for ‘Injin’ any day. 1869 P. T. BARNUM Struggles & Triumphs xl. I write to ask what your intentions are. .. Do you intend to fight fire with fire? 1980 C. SMITH Cut-out ix. ‘You think the other Palestinians have hired some heavies as well?’ ‘Why not? Fight fire with fire.’ similarity and dissimilarity; ways and means fight see also COUNCILS of war never fight; when ELEPHANTS fight, it is the grass thatsuffers; while TWO dogs are fighting for a bone, a third runs away with it. He who FIGHTS and runs away, may live to fight another day

The phrase to live to fight another day is also used allusively. Cf. MENANDER Sent. 56(Jaekel) a man who flees will fight again. The present formof the saying has superseded a pithy Middle English version: a 1250 Owl & Nightingale(1960) 1.176 ‘Wel fight that wel flight,’ seth the wise. 1542 N. UDALL Erasmus’ Apophthegms II. 335V That same manne, that rennethawaye, Maye again fight, an other daye. 1678 S. BUTLER Hudibras III. iii. For, thosethat fly, may fight againe, Which he can never do that’s slain. 1747 J. RAY CompleteHist. Rebellion 61 The Dragoons..thought proper..a sudden Retreat; as knowing that, Hethat fights and runs away, May turn and fight another Day; But he that is in Battle slain,Will never rise to fight again. 1876 J. A. AULLS Sparks & Cinders 5 For be it known hekept in view That ancient adage, trite but true, That ‘He who fights and runs away, Maylive to fight another day.’ 1981 Daily Telegraph 10 June 2 (caption) He who fights andruns away.. lives to fight another day! discretion; ways and means fill see FEBRUARY fill dyke, be it black or be it white; WORK expands so as to fill thetime available. find see the DEVIL finds work for idle hands to do; those who HIDE can find; LOVE willfind a way; SAFE bind, safe find; SCRATCH a Russian and you find a Tartar; SEEK and yeshall find; SPEAK as you find; it is easy to find a STICK to beat a dog.FINDERS keepers (losers weepers)A colloquial variant of the succeeding proverb. 1825 J. T. BROCKETT Glossary of North Country Words 89 No halfers—findeekeepee, lossee seekee. 1856 C. READE Never too Late III. xiii. We have a proverb—’Losers seekers finders keepers.’ 1874 E. EGGLESTON Circuit Rider xv. If I couldfind the right owner of this money, I’d give it to him; but I take it he’s buried. .. ‘Finders,keepers,’ you know. 1969 Daily Express 17 Mar. 9 Where I come from it’s finderskeepers, losers weepers. 2002 Washington Times 23 Jan. E4 (Crankshaft comic strip)’Mr.Crankshaft .. I think I left my pencil box on your bus! Can I look in your lost and foundbox?’ ‘Forget it..I don’t have one! Haven’t you ever heard of the legal concept “Finderskeepers, losers weepers”?’ gains and lossesFINDINGS keepings

See also the preceding proverb. Cf. PLAUTUS Trinummus 1.63 habeas ut nanctu’s, he maykeep that finds. The principle was current in England before the present formulation; 1595 A.COOKE Country Errors in Harley MS 5247 108V That a man finds is his own, and he maykeep it. 1863 J. H. SPEKE Discovery of Source of Nile v. The scoundrels said, ‘Findings are keepings, by the laws of our country; and as we found your cows, so we will keep them.’ 1904 Daily Chronicle 27 Sept. 1 Harsh sentences of imprisonment for ‘findings- keepings’ offences. 1963 G. GREENE Sense of Reality 38 ‘I found them in the passage.’.. ‘Finding’s [i.e. the action or fact of finding, rather than the objects found, as in earlier examples] not keeping here,’ he said, ‘whatever it may be up there. gains and losses FINE feathers make fine birds Beautiful clothes confer beauty or status on the wearer. Cf. early 16th-cent. Fr. les bellesplumes font les beaux oiseaux. Identified as a Basque saying by 1583 J. SPONDANUS in tr.Odyssey VI. 81 apud meos Vascones.. hac parœmia.. : speciosae plumae avem speciosamconstituunt, this is a proverb amongst my fellow Basques: beautiful feathers make a beautifulbird. 1592 G. DELAMOTHE French Alphabet II. 29 The faire feathers, makes a faire foule. 1658 E. PHILLIPS Mysteries of Love & Eloquence 162 Fine feathers make fine birds. As you may see in Hide Park. 1858 SURTEES Ask Mamma X. Mrs. Joe.. essayed to pick her to pieces, intimating that she was much indebted to her dress—that fine feathers made fine birds. 1968 I. PETITE Life on Tiger Mountain xiv. I feel,.. if, indeed, ‘fine feathers make a fine bird,’ then I would just as soon not be that peculiar kind of fine bird. appearance, significant; dress FINE words butter no parsnips Nothing is ever achieved by fine words alone. Parsnips are traditionally garnished withbutter before serving. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 169 Faire words butter no parsnips. 1692 R. L’ESTRANGE Fables of Aesop cccxl. Relations, Friendships, are but Empty Names of Things, and Words Butter No Parsnips. 1763 A. MURPHY Citizen I. ii. What becomes of his Greek and Latin now? Fine words butter no parsnips. 1848 THACKERAY Vanity Fair xix. Who.. said that ‘fine words butter no parsnips’? Half the parsnips of society are served and rendered palatable with no other sauce. 1997 C. M. SCHULZ

Washington Post 27 Jan. C12 (Peanuts comic strip)[Charlie Brown:] ‘Yes, ma’am, he’s a very smart dog. Thank you for saying so.’ [Snoopy:] ‘Fine words butter no parsnips.’ 2001 Spectator 1 Dec. 66 While it may be a truth universally acknowledged that fine words butter no parsnips, I have to say that in my experience parsnips are seldom cooked in butter. hypocrisy; words and deeds fine see also RAIN before seven, fine before eleven. FINGERS were made before forks Commonly used as a polite excuse for eating with one’s hands at table. 1567 Loseley MSS (1836) 212 As God made hands before knives, So God send a good lot to the cutler’s wives. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation ii. 136 (Colonel takes them [some fritters] out with his Hand.) Col. Here, Miss, they say, Fingers were made before Forks, and Hands before Knives. 1857 TROLLOPE Barchester Towers II. iii. Miss Thorne.. was always glad to revert to anything and.. would doubtless in time have reflected that fingers were made before forks, and have reverted accordingly. 1983 J. WAINWRIGHT Heroes no More 37 ‘This is ridiculous. However, fingers were made before forks.’ She lifted one of the king prawns from its resting place and began to nibble at it. excuses; manners fingers see also the DEVIL makes his Christmas pies of lawyers’ tongues and clerks’fingers. FIRE is a good servant but a bad master 1615 T. ADAMS Englands Sickness 20 The world, like fire, may be a good seruant, will bee an ill Master. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation ii. 183 Why, Fire and Water are good Servants, but they are very bad Masters. 1808 J. ADAMS Works (1850–6) VI. 533 Like fire, they [i.e. the aristocracy] are good servants, but all-consuming masters. 1948 H. BESTON Northern Farm xxxvi. ‘Fire is a good servant but a bad master.’ So runs the proverb. 1973 J. CAIRD Murder Remote XX. Is not whisky the wonderful thing? But like fire, like fire—a good servant but a bad master. ways and means The same FIRE that melts the butter hardens the egg

People react in different ways to the same experience. Earlier in other variants; cf. 1623BACON History of Life and Death (online ed.) In one and the same fire, clay grows hard andwax melts. 1952 J. F. BENDER Make Your Business Letters Make Friends 220 An approach that works in one instance may kill a sale in another. Remember the fire that hardens the egg softens the butter. 1995 D. T. LYKKEN Antisocial Personalities 81 The first day in school or a first roller-coaster ride will be a pleasurable excitement for some children.. but a terrifying and destructive experience for other children;.. the same fire that melts the butter hardens the egg. 2000 D. DE ARMAS WILSON Cervantes, Novel, and New World 131 The same fire that melts the butter hardens the egg. The same books that craze Don Quixote lead Dorotea.. out of a wilderness of seductions and betrayal. experience fire see also a BURNT child dreads the fire; DIRTY water will quench fire; FIGHT firewith fire; you should KNOW a man seven years before you stir his fire; if you PLAY with fireyou get burnt; no SMOKE without fire; THREE removals are as bad as a fire. FIRST catch your hare Commonly thought to originate in the recipe for hare soup in Mrs Glasse’s Art of Cookery(1747) or in Mrs Beeton’s Book of Household Management (1851), but not found there (seequot. 1896). Similar in sentiment to CATCHING’S before hanging. Cf. c 1300 BRACTON DeLegibus Angliae IV. xxi. vulgariter dicitur, quod primo opportet cervum capere, & postea cumcaptus fuerit illum excoriare, it is commonly said that one must first catch the deer, andafterwards, when he has been caught, skin him. 1801 Spirit of Farmers’ Museum 55 How to dress a dolphin, first catch a dolphin. 1855 THACKERAY Rose & Ring xiv. ‘To seize wherever I should light upon him—’ ‘First catch your hare!’.. exclaimed his Royal Highness. 1896 Daily News 20 July 8 The familiar words, ‘First catch your hare,’ were never to be found in Mrs. Glasse’s famous volume. What she really said was, ‘Take your hare when it is cased [skinned].’ 1984 ‘C. AIRD’ Harm’s Way iii. Sloan took his reply straight from the pages of an early cookery book. .. ‘First, catch your hare.’ ways and means FIRST come, first served Cf. late 13th-cent. Fr. qui ainçois vient au molin ainçois doit moldre, he who comes first tothe mill may grind first.

c 1390 CHAUCER Wife of Bath’s Prologue 1. 389 Whoso that first to mille comth, first grynt. 1548 H. BRINKELOW Complaint of Roderick Mors xvii. Ye haue a parciall lawe in making of tachmentes [attachments, i.e. judicial seizure of one’s person or goods (obsolete)], first come first serued. 1608 R. ARMIN Nest of Ninnies D1 He found Sexton.. making nine graues.. and who so dyes next, first comes, first seru’d. 1819 SCOTT Montrose in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. IV. xii. All must.. take their place as soldiers should, upon the principle of, first come, first served. 2002 Rough Guide: Hong Kong & Macau 170 You can’t reserve seats on the ferries: it’s first come, first served, so get there early at busy times. orderlinessThe FIRST duty of a soldier is obedienceThe last quotation presents a variation of the proverb. 1847 J. GRANT Romance of War IV. xv. ‘What do the wiseacres at head-quarters mean, in sending a detachment there?’ ‘I suppose they scarcely know themselves. But obedience—We all know the adage.’ 1872 G. J. WHYTE-MELVILLE Satanella II. xxiv. ‘The first duty of a soldier is obedience,’ he answered in great glee. 1915 F. M. HUEFFER Good Soldier III. iii. She had been taught all her life that the first duty of a woman is to obey. obedience; soldiersFIRST impressions are the most lasting 1700 CONGREVE Way of World IV. i. How shall I receive him?.. There is a great deal in the first Impression. 1791 H. JACKSON in Publications of Colonial Society of Massachusetts (1954) XXXVI. 112 I am affraid it is too late.. and you know that first impressions are the most lasting. 1844 DICKENS Martin Chuzzlewit v. I didn’t like to run the chance of being found drinking it.. for first impressions, you know, often go a long way, and last a long time. 1926 R. M. OGDEN Psychology & Education xii. Primacy is popularly expressed by the statement that ‘first impressions are lasting’. 1946 J. B. PRIESTLEY Bright Day ii. He ought to look neat and tidy. .. It’s half the battle.. making a good first impression. appearance, significantOn the FIRST of March, the crows begin to search 1846 M. A. DENHAM Proverbs relating to Seasons, &c. 39 On the first of March, the crows begin to search. Crows are supposed to begin pairing on this day. 1847 R. CHAMBERS Popular Rhymes of Scotland (ed. 2) 165 On the first of March, The craws begin to search; By the first o’April, They are sitting still. 1906 E. HOLDEN Country

Diary of Edwardian Lady (1977) 132 By the 1.st of March the crows begin to search, By the 1.st of April they are sitting still, By the 1.st of May they are flown away, Creeping greedy back again With October wind and rain. calendar lore It is the FIRST step that is difficult The proverb has various forms. The story to which the French saying alludes is referred toin quot. 1979. Cf. Fr. ce n’est que le premier pas qui coûte, it is only the first step that costs. c 1596 A. MUNDAY et al. Sir Thomas More 11 Would I were so far on my journey. The first stretch is the worst methinks. 1616 J. WITHALS Dict. (rev. ed.) 576 The first step is as good as halfe ouer. 1876 A. B. MEACHAM Wi-Ne-Ma & her People iv. He had fortified himself against the charms of the Indian maiden, as he thought, but consented to visit her. Ah! my man, have you not learned that when the first step is taken the next follows easily. 1979 J. BARNETT Backfire is Hostile xi. St. Denis was executed. .. Afterwards he picked up his head and walked for six miles. .. The wise man said, ‘The distance.. is not important. It was the first step that was difficult.’ 1991 ‘P. RUELL’ Only Game vii. 193 What is it they said about that Frenchman who walked three miles after his head had been chopped off? It’s the first step that counts. beginnings and endings FIRST things first 1894 G. JACKSON (title) First things first; addresses to young men. 1920 W. RILEY Yorkshire Suburb 136 The dear lady was.. incapable.. of putting first things first. 1979 ‘L. BLACK’ Penny Murders iv. They dropped the talking; first things first, as Kate always felt about a pleasant meal. 2002 Spectator 10 Aug. 20 ‘I think the principle of “first things first” does apply,’ says Al Gore, ‘and has to be followed if we are to have any chance of success.’ orderliness FIRST thoughts are best 1922 J. JOYCE Ulysses 354 First kiss does the trick. The propitious moment. Something inside them goes pop. Mushy like, tell by their eye, on the sly. First thoughts are best. Remember that till their dying day. 1929 ‘P. OLDFELD’ Alchemy Murder viii. 95 ‘I have thought it over. First thoughts are best.’ 1943 M. LOWRY Letter 7 Sept. in S. E. Grace Sursum Corda! (1995) I. 427 Don’t shrink the Branches too much—first thoughts often best. decision and indecision

There is always a FIRST time Also, there’s a first time for everything. 1792 A. HAMILTON Papers (1961-) XII. 504 But there is always ‘a first time’. 1929 W. R. BURNETT Little Caesar III. vii.’I ain’t got nothing to spill. .. Did I ever do any spilling?’ ‘There’s a first time for everything.’ 1987 ‘M. HEBDEN’ Pel among Pueblos xvi. ‘He has no record.’ ‘Doesn’t mean a thing. There’s always a first time.’ 2001 R. JOHANSEN Beyond Belief iii. 48 ‘You don’t think I can do it?’ ‘I think you can try.’ ‘I’ve never failed yet.’ She shrugged. ‘There’s a first time for everything.’ beginnings and endings FIRST up, best dressed North of England saying when clothing has to be shared between children in large andimpoverished families. Oral evidence from the Isle of Man indicates that it was certainlycurrent at least as early as the first half of the 20th cent. 1969 Times 23 Sept. 9 ‘It’s like first up, best dressed in this family’ Mr. F told me. A crane slinger, he was injured at work in February 1969.. Since then he and his wife and eight children have been living on approximately £25 a week. 1988 Sydney Morning Herald (good living section) 6 Dec. 7 The airlines decided to change this to what is known as ‘wholesale free-sale’, which basically means first up, best dressed. 2007 Times Educational Supplement 8 June 32 The inability of many parents to send their children to school in clothes that have seen the inside of a washing machine in the past six months (teachers in more challenging schools will be familiar with the concept of ‘first up, best dressed’) can lead to dilemmas. punctuality first see also every DOG is allowed one bite; whom the GODS would destroy, they firstmake mad; SELF-preservation is the first law of nature; if at first you don’t SUCCEED, try,try, try again; THINK first and speak afterwards; he that will THRIVE must first ask his wife;TRUTH is the first casualty of war. The FISH always stinks from the head downwards The freshness of a dead fish can be judged from the condition of its head. Thus, when theresponsible part (as the leaders of a country, etc.) is rotten, the rest will soon follow. Gr. a fish begins to stink from the head.

1581 G. PETTIE tr. S. Guazzo’s Civil Conversation III. 51 If the prouerbe be true,.. that a fishe beginneth first to smell at the head,.. the faultes of our seruantes will be layed vppon vs. 1611 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English s.v. Teste, Fish euer begins to taint at the head; the first thing that’s deprau’d in man’s his wit. 1915 W. S. CHURCHILL Letter 3 Dec. in M. Gilbert Winston S. Churchill (1972) III. Compan. II. 1309 The guilt of criminality attaches to those responsible. ‘Well,’ said the Aga Khan, ‘fish goes rotten by the head.’ 1981 Sunday Telegraph 3 May 16 ‘The fish’, as the saying goes, ‘always stinks from the head downwards.’ Last Sunday we deplored Mr. Michael Foot’s liking for the street politics of marches and ‘demos’. Since then, a hundred Labour MPs.. have followed their leader’s example. 2002 Washington Post 19 Mar. A21 Cardinal Law has to go. The Vatican has to speak up. This fish, as they say, rots from the head. rulers and ruled FISH and guests smell after three days Cf. PLAUTUS Miles Gloriosus 1. 741 nam hospes nullus tam in amici hospitium devortipotest, quin, ubi triduom continuom fuerit, iam odiosus siet, no host can be hospitable enoughto prevent a friend who has descended on him from becoming tiresome after three days. 1580 LYLY Euphues & his England II. 81 As we say in Athens, fishe and gestes in three dayes are stale. 1648 HERRICK Hesperides 169 Two dayes y’ave larded here; a third yee know, Makes guests and fish smell strong; pray go. 1736 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Jan.) Fish and visitors smell in three days. 1869 Notes & Queries 4th Ser. IV. 272 ‘See that you wear not out your welcome.’ This is an elegant rendering of the vulgar saying that ‘Fish and company stink in three days’. 1985 J. S. BORTHWICK Down East Murders iv. How long should she stay? She remembered the universal truth that fish and guests smell after three days. 2001 Washington Times 21 Nov. B1 Fish and visitors smell after three days, the old adage goes. Yet the experience of hosting a crowd for an extended time over the holidays need not leave a bad taste—or odor—for someone prepared to cope. hospitality There are as good FISH in the sea as ever came out of it Now often used as a consolation to rejected lovers: ‘there are plenty more fish in the sea’. c 1573 G. HARVEY Letter-Book (1884) 126 In the mayne sea theres good stoare of fishe, And in delicate gardens.. Theres alwayes greate varietye of desirable flowers. 1816 T. L. PEACOCK Headlong Hall xiv. There never was a fish taken out of the sea, but left

another as good behind. 1822 SCOTT Nigel III. x. Ye need not sigh sae deeply. .. There are as gude fish in the sea as ever came out of it. 1944 W. S. MAUGHAM Razor’s Edge iii. I’m a philosopher and I know there are as good fish in the sea as ever came out. I don’t blame her. You’re young. I’ve been young too. 2000 Washington Post 30 Nov. C11 (Garfield comic strip) ‘Yesiree, Garfield, there are lot of women out there. Yesiree. .. Plenty of fish in the sea. I’ll just cast out the old line.’ ‘Your bait’s dead.’ love, blighted All is FISH that comes to the net Everything can be used to advantage. The is frequently replaced by a possessive pronounor phrase. Similar in form and sense to all is GRIST that comes to the mill. c 1520 in Ballads from MSS (1868–72) I. 95 Alle ys ffysshe that commyth to the nett. 1564 w. BULLEIN Dialogue against Fever 70 Takyng vp commoditie [opportunity], refusyng nothyng: all is fishe that commeth to the nette. 1680 BUNYAN Mr. Badman 19 What was his fathers could not escape his fingers, all was fish that came to his net. 1848 DICKENS Dombey & Son ix. ‘All’s fish that comes to your net, I suppose?’ ‘Certainly,’ said Mr. Brogley. ‘But sprats an’t whales, you know.’ 1936 A. CHRISTIE Murder in Mesopotamia xix. I don’t know that she cares for one more than the other. .. All’s fish that comes to her net at present. gains and losses; opportunity fish see also BETTER are small fish than an empty dish; BIG fish eat little fish; the CATwould eat fish, but would not wet her feet; when the LAST tree is cut down, the last fisheaten,.. you will realize that you cannot eat money; LITTLE fish are sweet; a WOMANwithout a man is like a fish without a bicycle. fish-guts see KEEP your own fish-guts for your own sea-maws. fit see if the CAP fits, wear it; ONE size does not fit all; if the SHOE fits, wear it. fix see if it ain’t BROKE, don’t fix it. flag see TRADE follows the flag. flattery see IMITATION is the sincerest form of flattery. flea see BIG fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite them; if you LIE down with

dogs, you will get up with fleas; NOTHING should be done in haste but gripping a flea. flesh see what’s BRED in the bone will come out in the flesh. flew see a BIRD never flew on one wing. flight see BLESSINGS brighten as they take their flight. float see if you SIT by the river for long enough, you will see the body of your enemy floatby. flock see BIRDS of a feather flock together. flower see APRIL showers bring forth May flowers. fly see (noun) EAGLES don’t catch flies; HONEY catches more flies than vinegar; aSHUT mouth catches no flies; (verb) TIME flies; also FLEW. flying see it is good to make a BRIDGE of gold to a flying enemy. folk see DIFFERENT strokes for different folks; there’s NOWT so queer as folk; YOUNGfolks think old folks to be fools, but old folks know young folks to be fools. follow see TRADE follows the flag. He that FOLLOWS freits, freits will follow him A Scottish proverb. He that looks for portents of the future will find himself dogged bythem. Freits are omens. c 1700 in J. Pinkerton Scottish Tragic Ballads (1781) I. 47 Wha luik to freits, my master deir, Freits will ay follow them. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 128 He that follows Freets, Freets will follow him. He that notices superstitious Observations (such as spilling of Salt).. it will fall to him accordingly. 1804 M. PARK in Lockhart Life of Scott

(1837) II. i. He answered, smiling, ’Freits (omens) follow those who look to them.’.. Scott never saw him again. 1914 Times Literary Supplement 9 Apr. 178 The Kings of Scots have always been beset by omens, and.. to him who follows freits, freits follow. future; omens folly see where IGNORANCE is bliss, ‘tis folly to be wise. fonder see ABSENCE makes the heart grow fonder. A FOOL and his money are soon parted 1573 T. TUSSER Husbandry (rev. ed.) ix. A foole and his money be soone at debate: which after with sorow repents him too late. 1587 J. BRIDGES Defence of Government in Church of England xv. 1294 A foole and his money is soone parted. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 166 A foole, and his money are soone parted. 1771 SMOLLETT Humphry Clinker I. 174 She tossed her nose in distain, saying, she supposed her brother had taken him into favour.. : that a fool and his money were soon parted. 1981 C. BERMANT Patriarch xx. I can see now I was a fool, perhaps even a greedy fool, and a fool and his money are soon parted. 2002 Washington Times 1 Jan. D4 (Herb & Jamaal comic strip) ‘Herb, you ought to know better than to get mixed up in a get-rich scheme! It’s like the old saying: “A fool and his money are soon parted.”’ ‘Yeah, you are right! So, how much did you lose?’ money; stupidity A FOOL at forty is a fool indeed Cf. 1557 R. EDGEWORTH Sermons 301 When he [Rehoboam] begonne hys raigne he wasone and fortye yeares of age. .. And he that hath not learned some experience or practice andtrade of the world by that age will neuer be wise. 1725 E. YOUNG Universal Passion II. 16 Be wise with speed; A fool at forty is a fool indeed. 1751 N. COTTON Visions in Verses 13 He who at fifty is a fool, Is far too stubborn grown for school. 1908 L. MITCHELL New York Idea III. 112 I shall come or not [to your wedding] as I see fit. And let me add, my dear brother, that a fool at forty is a fool indeed. 1982 B. EMECHETA Destination Biafra i. ‘What is it they say about a fool at forty?’ ‘I don’t think you’ll be a fool forever, sir’. middle age; stupidity There’s no FOOL like an old fool

1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. ii. F4V But there is no foole to the olde foole, folke saie. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 256 No fool to an old Fool. Spoken when Men of advanc’d Age behave themselves, or talk youthfully, or wantonly. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 3570 No Fool like the old Fool. 1814 SCOTT Waverley III. xv. And troth he might hae ta’en warning, but there’s nae fule like an ould fule. 1910 R. KIPLING Rewards & Fairies 257 ‘There are those who have years without knowledge.’ ‘Right,’ said Puck. ‘No fool like an old fool.’ 2001 Washington Post 8 July B5 But these fantasies are more proper to a young person; beyond the age of, say, 50, they become the fantasy of that fool like whom we are told there is no other, the old fool. old age; stupidityA FOOL may give a wise man counsel a 1350 Ywain & Gawain (EETS) 1.1477 Bot yit a fole that litel kan [knows], May wele cownsail another man. 1641 D. FERGUSSON Scottish Proverbs (STS) no. 84 A Fool may give a wyse man a counsell. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 25 A Fool may give a wise Man counsel by a time. An Apology of those who offer their Advice to them, who may be supposed to excel them in Parts and Sense. 1818 SCOTT Heart of Midlothian IV. viii. If a fule may gie a wise man a counsel, I wad hae him think twice or [before] he mells [meddles] wi’ Knockdunder. 1942 E. P. OPPENHEIM Man who changed Plea xvii. Aren’t we all fools.. in one or two things?.. Even a fool, though, can sometimes give good advice. advice; foolsFOOL me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on meEarlier, and still current, with the verb deceive. 1611 Tarlton’s Jests (1844) 11 For Who deceives me once, God forgive him; if twice, God forgive him; but if thrice, God forgive him, but not me, because I could not beware. 1650 A. WELLDON Secret History of King James I (1690) 88 The Italians having a Proverb, He that deceives me Once, it’s his Fault; but Twice it is my fault. 1659 N. R. Proverbs English, French, Dutch, Italian & Spanish 54 He that deceives me once, it is his faul[t]; if twice, it is mine. 1980 Forbes 17 Mar. 69 The important thing in dealing with the Japanese is not to believe everything you hear. Or, as the saying goes: Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me. 2001 Washington Times 3 Oct. A17 You know the old saying, ‘Fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me.’ How does that apply in the aftermath of the Sept. 11 act of war against our country? 2002 P. LOVESEY Diamond Dust xxx. 297 ‘Did you give him any?’ ‘No. I wouldn’t be so daft. You know that old saying? He that deceives me once, shame fall him; if he deceives me twice, shame fall me.’ deception

fool see also CHILDREN and fools tell the truth; FORTUNE favours fools; a man who ishis own LAWYER has a fool for his client; MORE people know Tom Fool than Tom Foolknows; SIX hours’ sleep for a man, seven for a woman, and eight for a fool; YOUNG folksthink old folks to be fools, but old folks know young folks to be fools; also FOOLS. foolish see PENNY wise and pound foolish. FOOLS and bairns should never see half-done work They may mistakenly judge the quality of the finished article from its awkwardness whileit is being produced. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 108 Fools should not see half done Work. Many fine Pieces of Work will look.. aukward when it is a doing. 1818 SCOTT Letter Dec. (1933) V. 265 ‘Bairns and fools’.. according to our old canny proverb should never see half done work. 1913 A. & J. LANG Highways & Byways in Border ix. To the lay eye improvement is yet barely perceptible. ‘Fools and bairns’, however, they tell us, ‘should never see half-done work.’ 1934 V. MACCLURE Death on Set ii. He has never really liked anybody seeing the roughs except the technical staff. Said it gave the players ideas they were better without. ‘Fools and children, and unfinished work,’ you know. fools; work FOOLS ask questions that wise men cannot answer 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 249 One fool may ask more than seven wise men can answer. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation ii. 156 ‘Miss, can you tell which is the white Goose?’.. ‘They say, a Fool will ask more Questions than the wisest body can answer.’ 1821 SCOTT Pirate II. v. Bryce Snaelsfoot is a cautious man. .. He knows a fool may ask more questions than a wise man cares to answer. 1871 J. S. JONES Life of J. S. Batkins liv. Bean appeared always to be fond of Amanda. .. I asked him one day. .. He looked at me, and said, ‘Batkins, fools ask questions that wise men cannot answer.’ 1973 Amarillo Globe-Times 27 Mar. 20/1 We are well acquainted with the old adage that fools can ask questions which wise men cannot answer. Yet we would pose the question simply —‘Why?’ Why do young Americans use heroin? fools; wisdom FOOLS build houses and wise men live in them

The terser form of this saying—fools build and wise men buy—can be applied to propertyother than houses (see quot. 1997). 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 91 Fools build houses, and wise men buy them. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 110 Fools Big [build] Houses and wise Men buy them. I knew a Gentleman buy 2000 1. worth of Land, build a House upon it, and sell both House and Land to pay the Expences of his building. 1875 A. B. CHEALES Proverbial Folk- Lore 43 Fools build houses, and wise men live in them is another proverb on this subject; it is partly true. 1911 W. F. BUTLER Autobiography xix. The adage says that fools build houses for other men to live in. Certainly the men who build the big house of Empire for England usually get the attic.. for their own lodgment. 1934 J. ALEXANDER Murder at Eclipse III. ii. 86 On his retirement, the first baron did not build himself a palace such as he could well have afforded. Perhaps he remembered the old adage that ‘fools build and wise men buy.’ 1997 Country Life 14 Aug. 28 Arthur Ransome, self-mocking, said of boating folk: ‘Fools build and wise men buy.’ There is a similar put-down of people who breed their own horses fools; home FOOLS for luck The construction is apparent from quot. 1834. FORTUNE favours fools expresses the sameidea. Quot. 1981 appears to be a garbled version of this saying. Cf. 1631 JONSONBartholomew Fair II. ii. Bring him a sixe penny bottle of Ale; they say, a fooles handsell [gift]is lucky. 1834 Narrative of Life of David Crockett xiii. The old saying—’A fool for luck, and a poor man for children.’ 1854 J. B. JONES Life of Country Merchant xix. They attribute your good fortune to the old hackneyed adage, ‘A fool for luck’. 1907 D. H. LAWRENCE Phoenix II (1968) 6 ‘You’ll make our fortunes.’ ‘What!’ he exclaimed, ‘by making a fool of myself? They say fools for luck. What fools wise folks must be.’ 1981 T. BARLING Bikini Red North xi. All fools are lucky; isn’t that the adage? fools; luck FOOLS rush in where angels fear to tread 1711 POPE Essay on Criticism 1. 625 No Place so Sacred from such Fops is barr’d, Nor is Paul’s Church more safe than Paul’s Church-yard: Nay, fly to Altars; there they’ll talk you dead; For Fools rush in where Angels fear to tread. 1858 G. J. MCREE Iredell’s Life & Correspondence II. 277 Rash presumption illustrates the line, ‘Fools rush in where angels fear to tread’. 1922 JOYCE Ulysses 649 Prying into his private affairs on the fools step in where angels principle. 1943 H. MCCLOY Do not Disturb ii. The folly of the officious is proverbial: don’t rush in where angels fear to tread. 1975 ‘C. AIRD’ Slight

Mourning xv. ‘The deceased was of—er—a forceful personality. Not over-sensitive, either, from all accounts.’ ‘Ah, I see. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread’. fools; ignorance foot see it is not SPRING until you can plant your foot upon twelve daisies; one WHITEfoot, buy him; also FEET. forbear see BEAR and forbear. foretold see LONG foretold, long last. FOREWARNED is forearmed Cf. L. praemonitus, praemunitus, forewarned, forearmed. c 1425 J. ARDERNE Treatises of Fistula (EETS) 22 He that is warned afore is noght bygiled. c 1530 J. REDFORD Wit & Science 1. 1093 Once warnd, half armd folk say. 1587 R. GREENE Card of Fancy IV. 23 I giue thee this Ring of golde, wherin is written.. Praemonitus, Premunitus..inferring this sense, that hee which is forewarned by friendlie counsoule of imminent daungers, is fore-armed against all future mishappe. a 1661 T. FULLER Worthies (Devon) 272 Let all ships passing thereby be fore-armed because forewarned thereof. 1885 ‘LE JEMLYS’ Shadowed to Europe xxv. ‘Forewarned is forearmed,’ he thought, as he complimented himself upon his success in baffling the attempt to ensnare him. 2002 Washington Times 30 June B4 Forewarned is forearmed. Before the chemical disaster at Union Carbide’s facility in Bhopal, India, the public was told an accident that has now claimed 20,000 lives could never happen. foresight and hindsight; prudence forget see a BELLOWING cow soon forgets her calf; feed a DOG for three days and hewill remember your kindness for three years... forgive see to ERR is human (to forgive divine); to KNOW all is to forgive all. fork seeFINGERS were made before forks. FORTUNE favours fools Cf. L. fortuna favet fatuis, fortune favours fools.

1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. vi. I1V They saie as ofte, god sendeth fortune to fooles. 1563 B. GOOGE Eclogues E5 But Fortune fauours Fooles as old men saye And lets them lyue And take the wyse awaye. 1738 GAY Fables 2nd Ser. II. xii. ‘Tis a gross error, held in schools, That Fortune always favours fools. 1922 E. PHILLPOTTS Red Redmaynes xviii. Thus he became exceedingly useful as time passed; yet fortune favours fools and his very stupidity served him well at the end. 1960 O. MANNING Great Fortune I. vi. Fortune favours fools. .. We were forced to tarry while he slumbered. fools; luck FORTUNE favours the brave Cf. ENNIUS Annals 257 (Vahlen) fortibus est fortuna viris data, fortune is given to bravemen; VIRGIL Aeneid x. 284 audentes fortuna iuvat, fortune aids the bold. c 1385 CHAUCER Troilus & Criseyde IV. 600 Thenk ek Fortune, as wel thiselves woost, Helpeth hardy man to his enprise. c 1390 GOWER Confessio Amantis VII. 4902 And seith, ‘Fortune unto the bolde Is favorable forto helpe’. a 1625 BEAUMONT & FLETCHER Prophetess IV. vi. He is the scorn of Fortune: but you’ll say, That she forsook him for his want of courage, But never leaves the bold. 1724 A. RAMSAY Works (1953) II. 288 Fortune aye favours the active and bauld. 1752 in W. Johnson Papers (1939) IX. 86 Make no doubt but Fortune will favour the brave. 1885 TROLLOPE Dr. Thorne II. vii. Fortune, who ever favours the brave, specially favoured Frank Gresham. 2001 Spectator 17 Nov. 25 The luck element has aroused doubts in some quarters, but Lord Guthrie has a standard retort: ‘Fortune favours the brave.’ He has been proved right, so far. courage; luck fortune see also EVERY man is the architect of his own fortune; OPPORTUNITY neverknocks twice at any man’s door. forty see a FOOL at forty is a fool indeed; LIFE begins at forty; SAINT Swithun’s day ifthou be fair for forty days it will remain. foul see it’s an ILL bird that fouls its own nest. FOUR eyes see more than two

Observation by two people is better than by one alone. TWO heads are better than oneexpresses a similar idea. L. plus vident oculi, quam oculus, eyes see more than one eye. 1591 A. COLYNET True Hist. Civil Wars France 37 Two eyes doo see more then one. 1592 G. DELAMOTHE French Alphabet II. 45 Foure eyes can see more then two. 1642 T. FULLER Holy State IV. v. Matters of inferiour consequence he will communicate to a fast friend, and crave his advice; for two eyes see more than one. 1898 F. M. MULLER Auld Lang Syne 80 But who has ever examined any translation from any language, without finding signs of.. carelessness or ignorance? Four eyes see more than two. 1962 H. REILLY Day She Died vii. What he wanted was a look at the cars the variegated crowd of people had arrived in. Four eyes were better than two. assistance; observation four see also there goes more to MARRIAGE than four bare legs in a bed. There’s no such thing as a FREE lunch Originally a colloquial axiom in US economics, though now in general use. The proverbimplies that you cannot get something for nothing. 1967 R. A. HEINLEIN Moon is Harsh Mistress xi. ‘Oh, “tanstaafl.” Means “There ain’t no such thing as a free lunch.” And isn’t,’ I added, pointing to a FREE LUNCH sign across the room, ‘or these drinks would cost half as much.’ 1969 Newsweek 29 Dec. 52 I was taught.. the first and only law of economics: ‘There is no such thing as a free lunch.” 1971 New Yorker 25 Sept. 76 There is no such thing as a free lunch. .. The idea has proved so illuminating for environmental problems that I am borrowing it from its original source, economics. 1979 L. ST. CLAIR Obsessions xi. There’s no such thing as a free lunch. So, in return for your help, what do you ask? 2001 Spectator 29 Dec. 26 I believe that the old saying ‘There is no such thing as a free lunch’ applies here. Pornography and permissiveness will have a price. bribery and corruption; reciprocity free see also the BEST things in life are free; THOUGHT is free. freit (omen): see he that FOLLOWS freits, freits will follow him. Frenchman see one ENGLISHMAN can beat three Frenchmen.

fresh see don’t THROW out your dirty water until you get in fresh.Friday see Monday’s CHILD is fair of face.A FRIEND in need is a friend indeedA friend in need is one who helps when one is in need or difficulty. Cf. EURIPIDESHecuba 1. 1226 for in adversity good friends aremost clearly seen; ENNIUS Scaenica 210 (Vahlen) amicus certus in re incerta cernitur, a surefriend is known in unsure times. c 1035 Durham Proverbs (1956) 10 Æt thearfe man sceal freonda cunnian [friendshall be known in time of need]. a 1400 Titus & Vespasian (1905) 98 I shal the saveWhen tyme cometh thou art in nede; Than ogh men frenshep to shewe in dede. a 1449LYDGATE Minor Poems (EETS) II. 755 Ful weele is him that fyndethe a freonde atneede. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 142 A friend in need is a friend indeed.1773 R. GRAVES Spiritual Quixote II. VIII. xx. (heading) A Friend in Need is a Friendindeed. 1866 C. READE Griffith Gaunt III. xv. You came to my side when I was introuble. . .A friend in need is a friend indeed. 1985 D. WILLIAMS Wedding Treasureviii. He never felt quite right about calling up scripture—at least not in private. ‘Friend inneed is a friend indeed,’ he added. That was better. adversity; friends friend see also the BEST of friends must part; the ENEMY of my enemy is my friend;LEND your money and lose your friend; if you have to LIVE in the river, it is best to befriends with the crocodile; SAVE us from our friends; SHORT reckonings make long friends.The FROG in the well knows nothing of the sea Japanese proverb, meaning that one should be aware of the limitations of one’s ownexperience. Cf. Chinese the frog in the well cannot talk of Heaven. 1918 E. J. BANFIELD Tropic Days 189 Among coastal blacks—all of whom may besaid to be fishermen—some are ardent devotees to the sea. Others of the same camprestrict themselves to unsensational creeks and lagoons. The frog in the well knowsnothing of the salt sea, and its aboriginal prototype contents himself with milder andgenerally less remunerative kind of sport than that in which his bolder cousins revel.1976 R. STORRY ‘Soldiers of the Showa Empire’ in Pacific Affairs vol. 49 (spring) 105Japanese officers could be forgiven for supposing that they were the wave of the future.

In reality they were prisoners of the past and (in the apt if trite Japanese phrase) ‘frogs in a well’. [footnote] I no naka no kawazu taikai wo shirazu (the frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean). 2006 ‘Oregon Caves’ on www.nps.gov 11 Sept. Amphibians.. ‘The frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean.’ 2007 D. KENNEDY ‘Faust—The Seven Games of the Soul’ on www.justadventure.com 14 Feb. The paper reads ‘The frog in the well knows nothing about the high seas.’ Recall that there is a well outside the house. experience; ignorance frost see so many MISTS in March, so many frosts in May. When all FRUIT fails, welcome haws Often used specifically of a person who takes of necessity an older or otherwise unsuitablelover. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 350 When all Fruit fa’s welcome ha’s. .. Spoken when we take up with what’s coarse, when the good is spent. 1914 K. F. PURDON Folk of Furry Farm vii. ‘Lame of a leg, and grey in the head!.. That’s a fancy man for a girl to take!’ ‘Marg was none too young herself.. and when all fruit fails, welcome haws! She wanted someone.’ 1958 B. BEHAN Borstal Boy III. 266 So even the excommunicated will do, when it’s not easy to get anyone else. When all fruit fails, welcome haws. necessity; old age fruit see also he that would EAT the fruit must climb the tree; SEPTEMBER blow soft, tillthe fruit’s in the loft; STOLEN fruit is sweet; the TREE is known by its fruit. FULL cup, steady hand Used especially to caution against spoiling a comfortable or otherwise enviable situationby careless action. c 1025 Durham Proverbs (1956) 15 Swa fulre fæt swa hit mann sceal fægror beran [the more full the cup, the more carefully must one carry it]. c 1325 Proverbs of Hending i n Anglia (1881) IV. 293 When the coppe is follest, thenne ber hire feyrest. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 346 When the Cup’s full carry it even. When you have arrived at Power and Wealth, take a care of Insolence, Pride, and Oppression. 1889 C. M. YONGE in Monthly Packet Christmas 46 Poor things! They were so happy—so open- hearted. I did long to caution them. ‘Full cup, steady hand.’ 1903 G. H. KNIGHT

Master’s Questions xxi I would listen..to this question..whenever..I am eagerly reaching out my hands to grasp what may satisfy an unlikely ambition. All hands are not steady enough to carry a full cup. good fortune; prudence It’s ill speaking between a FULL man and a fasting A hungry man is never on good terms with a well-fed man; in quot. 1824, used as anincitation to eat. a 1641 D. FERGUSSON Scottish Proverbs (STS) no. 1349 Thair is nothing betuix a bursten body and a hungered. 1824 SCOTT Redgauntlet I. xi. Ye maun eat and drink, Steenie.. for we do little else here, and it’s ill speaking between a fou man and a fasting. 1934 J. BUCHAN Free Fishers ii. It’s ill speaking between a full man and a fasting, but two fasting men are worse at a crack. hunger; quarrelsomeness Out of the FULLNESS of the heart the mouth speaks With allusion to MATTHEW xii. 34 (AV) Out of the abundance of the heart the mouthspeaketh. c 1390 CHAUCER Parson’s Tale 1. 626 After the habundance of the herte speketh the mouth ful ofte. 1699 T. CHALKLEY Fruits of Divine Meditation in Works (1751) II. 26 Out of the Abundance of the Heart the Mouth speaketh. 1861 TROLLOPE Framley Parsonage II. x. As out of the full head the mouth speaks, so is the full heart more prone to speak at such periods of confidence as these. 1932 ‘S. FOWLER’ Hand-Print Mystery ii. The murder.. had been in the background of her mind all the time. ‘Out of the fullness of the heart the mouth speaketh.’ speech and silence One FUNERAL makes many A similar idea to one WEDDING brings another. The thinking behind this saying isillustrated in the quots. 1894 BLACKMORE Perlycross I. vii. It has been said, and is true too often.. that one funeral makes many. A strong east wind.. whistled through the crowd of mourners. 1935 R. C. WOODTHORPE Shadow on Downs V. iv. 137 The funeral went off very well. .. I am glad we had such a fine day for it. Standing about bareheaded in driving rain..

always makes such an occasion rather trying, and there is a good deal of truth in the saying that one funeral brings others. 1951 M. DURHAM Forked Lightning xx. 132 Poured cats and dogs for my poor father’s funeral, it did. .. My poor mother took a fever and it carried her off in a fortnight. They say one funeral makes another death funeral see also DREAM of a funeral and you hear of a marriage. further see GO further and fare worse. fury see HELL hath no fury like a woman scorned. When the FURZE is in bloom, my love’s in tune A corollary of when the GORSE is out of bloom, kissing’s out of fashion. Cf. c 1225 inEnglische Studien (1902) XXXI. 5 Whanne bloweth [flowers] the brom, thanne wogeth [woos]the grom; Whanne bloweth the furs, thanne wogeth he wurs. 1752 Poor Robin’s Almanack Aug. B3V Dog-days are in he’ll say’s the reason Why kissing now is out of season: but Joan says furze [gorse] in bloom still, and she’ll be kiss’d if she’s her will. 1908 Spectator 9 May 740 At almost any season of the year gorse can be found in..flower. ..When the furze is in bloom, my love’s in tune. love, prosperous

G gain see (noun) one man’s LOSS is another man’s gain; there’s no great LOSS withoutsome gain; NO pain, no gain; (verb) what you LOSE on the swings you gain on theroundabouts; NOTHING venture, nothing gain. gallows see the SEA refuses no river. game see LOOKERS-ON see most of the game. gamekeeper see an old POACHER makes the best gamekeeper. gander see what is SAUCE for the goose is sauce for the gander. GARBAGE in, garbage out Garbage is a colloquial term in data processing for ‘incorrect input’ which will, accordingto the proverb, inevitably produce faulty output. The acronymic form GIGO is also found. 1964 CIS Glossary of Automated Typesetting & Related Computer Terms (Composition Information Services, LA.) 15 The relationship between input and output is sometimes—when input is incorrect—tersely noted by the expression ‘garbage in, garbage out’. 1966 E. J. & J. A. MCCARTHY Integrated Data Processing Systems v. Many data processing departments put their best operators on verifiers because they wish to avoid the effect of the GIGO principle (Garbage In—Garbage Out). 1987 Washington Times 10 Sept. F4 The computer rule, ‘garbage in, garbage out’ applies to the human mind just as much as it does to the computer. 1996 Washington Times 26 Feb. A19 This brings into play the old computer-industry dictum: Garbage In, Garbage Out. action and consequence; error garment see SILENCE is a woman’s best garment. gate see a CREAKING door hangs longest; one man may STEAL a horse, while anothermay not look over a hedge.

gather see he who PLANTS thorns should not expect to gather roses; a ROLLING stonegathers no moss. gathered see where the CARCASE is, there shall the eagles be gathered together. geese see on SAINT Thomas the Divine kill all turkeys, geese, and swine. generation see from CLOGS to clogs is only three generations; from SHIRTSLEEVES toshirtsleeves in three generations. It takes three GENERATIONS to make a gentleman Although apparently not expressed in this form before quot. 1823, the three-generationconcept was current in the Renaissance period: e.g. 1598 J. KEPERS tr. A. Romei’s Courtier’sAcademy 187 He may bee called absolutely noble, who shall have lost the memory of hisignobilitie.. during the reuolution of three generations; 1625 F. MARKHAM Five Decades ofHonour ii. Three perfit descents, do euer so conclude a perfit Gentleman of Blood. 1823 J. F. COOPER Pioneers I. xviii. You will find it no easy matter to make a gentleman of him. The old proverb says, that ‘it takes three generations to make a gentleman’. 1915 W. S. MAUGHAM Of Human Bondage xxvii. He remembered his uncle’s saying that it took three generations to make a gentleman: it was a companion proverb to the silk purse and the sow’s ear. 1940 ‘M. INNES’ Comedy of Terrors i. It has always been possible to make a gentleman in three generations; nowadays.. the thing is done in two. family; gentry generous see be JUST before you’re generous. GENIUS is an infinite capacity for taking pains Cf. 1858 CARLYLE Frederick the Great I. IV. iii. ‘Genius’.. means transcendent capacityof taking trouble, first of all. 1870 J. E. HOPKINS Work amongst Working Men iv. Gift, like genius, I often think, only means an infinite capacity for taking pains. 1959 M. BRADBURY Eating People is Wrong iv. Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains. But we should still foster it, however much of an embarrassment it may be to us. 1974 T. SHARPE Porterhouse Blue

xiv. The modern fashion [of research] comes, I suppose, from a literal acceptance of the ridiculous dictum that genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains. diligence gentleman see when ADAM delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman?; anENGLISHMAN’S word is his bond; it takes three GENERATIONS to make a gentleman. gently see DRIVE gently over the stones; EASY does it; if you gently touch a NETTLEit’ll sting you for your pains. get see you cannot get BLOOD from a stone; be CAREFUL what you pray for, you mightget it; if you don’t like the HEAT, get out of the kitchen; if you LIE down with dogs, you willget up with fleas; don’t get MAD, get even; the MORE you get, the more you want; what aNEIGHBOUR gets is not lost; you cannot get a QUART into a pint pot; what you SEE is whatyou get; you don’t get SOMETHING for nothing; also GOT. Never look a GIFT horse in the mouth A horse’s age is commonly gauged by the state of its teeth. The proverb warns againstquestioning the quality or use of a lucky chance or gift. Cf. a 420 ST. JEROME Commentaryon Epistle to Ephesians Preface noli.. ut vulgare proverbium est, equi dentes inspicere donati,do not, as the common proverb says, look at the teeth of a gift horse. a 1510 J. STANBRIDGE Vulgaria (EETS) 27 A gyuen hors may not [be] loked in the tethe. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. v. B2V Where gyfts be gyuen freely, est west north or south, No man ought to loke a geuen hors in the mouth. 1659 N. R. Proverbs 80 No man ought to look a guift Horse in the mouth. 1710 S. PALMER Proverbs 40 Never look a Gift Horse in the Mouth. 1892 G. & W. GROSSMITH Diary of a Nobody xviii. I told him it was a present from a dear friend, and one mustn’t look a gift- horse in the mouth. 2002 Oldie Mar. 34 Gather ye rosebuds while ye may, let not the grass grow under thy feet, and never look a gift horse in the mouth. giving and receiving; gratitude and ingratitude gift see also FEAR the Greeks bearing gifts. gill see every HERRING must hang by its own gill. girl see BOYS will be boys.

GIVE and take is fair play 1778 F. BURNEY Evelina I. xxv. This here may be a French fashion.. but Give andTake is fair in all nations. 1832 MARRYAT Newton Forster III. x. Give and take is fairplay. All I say is, let it be a fair stand-up fight. 1873 ‘TWAIN’ & WARNER Gilded Agexxxiii. She thought that ‘give and take was fair play’, and to parry an offensive thrustwith a sarcasm was a neat and legitimate thing to do. fair dealing; toleranceGIVE a thing, and take a thing, to wear the Devil’s gold ringA rhyme used by schoolchildren when someone gives something and then asks for it back.The principle is a very old one; cf. PLATO Philebus 19 E as with children, there is no taking away ofwhat has been rightly given. 1571 J. BRIDGES Sermon at Paul’s Cross 29 Shal we make God to say the worde,and eate his worde? to giue a thing, and take a thing, little children say, This is the diuelsgoldring, not Gods gift. 1611 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English s.v. Retirer, Togiue a thing and take a thing; to weare the diuells gold-ring. 1721 J. KELLY ScottishProverbs 120 Give a Thing, and take a Thing, Is the ill Man’s Goud Ring. A Cant amongChildren, when they demand a Thing again, which they had bestowed. 1894 Notes &Queries 8th Ser. VI. 155 Another saying among boys is—Give a thing and take a thing,To wear the devil’s gold ring. 1959 I. & P. OPIE Lore & Language of Schoolchildren viii.It is a cardinal rule amongst the young that a thing which has been given must not beasked for again. .. [Somerset] Give a thing, take a thing, Dirty man’s plaything. ..[Cheshire] Give a thing, take a thing, Never go to God again. giving and receivingGIVE the Devil his dueAlso in the phrase to give the Devil his due. 1589 LYLY Pap with Hatchet III. 407 Giue them their due though they were diuels..and excuse them for taking anie money at interest. 1596 NASHE Saffron Walden III. 36Giue the diuell his due. 1642 Prince Rupert’s Declaration 2 The Cavaliers (to give theDivell his due) fought very valiantly. 1751 SMOLLETT Peregrine Pickle I. xvii. Youalways used me in an officer-like manner, that I must own, to give the devil his due. 1936H. AUSTIN Murder of Matriarch xxiii. To give the devil his due.. I don’t think that Irvin

planned to incriminate anyone else. 1978 R. L. HILL Evil that Men Do vi. Giving the devil his due will always jostle the angels. fair dealing give see also it is BETTER to give than to receive; give CREDIT where credit is due; givea DOG a bad name and hang him; give a man ROPE enough and he will hang himself; nevergive a SUCKER an even break. He GIVES twice who gives quickly Cf. PUBLILIUS SYRUS Sententia ccxxxv. inopi beneficium bis dat, qui dat celeriter, hegives twice who gives quickly to the needy; mid 14th-cent. Fr. qui tost donne, deus fois donne.Also c 1385 CHAUCER Legend of Good Women Prologue 1. 451 For whoso yeveth a yifte, ordooth a grace. Do it by tyme [in good time], his thanks ys wel the more. The Latin bis dat quicito dat is perhaps better known than the Publilius Syrus version, and was quoted in this formby Francis Bacon in a speech on 17 May 1617, upon taking his seat as Keeper of the GreatSeal. 1553 T. WILSON Art of Rhetoric 65V He geueth twise, that geueth sone and chearefully. 1612 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote I . iv. It is an old proverbe, that hee that gives quickly, gives twice. 1775 J. BOSWELL Life of Johnson I. 443 I did really ask the favour twice; but you have been even with me by granting it so speedily. Bis dat qui cito dat. 1980 Times 17 Oct. 13 ‘He gives twice who gives quickly.’..We have everything to gain by generous action at once. charity; giving and receiving Those who live in GLASS houses shouldn’t throw stones Do not criticize or slander another if you are vulnerable to retaliation. Cf. c 1385CHAUCER Troilus & Criseyde II. 867 Who that hath an hed of verre [glass], Fro cast ofstones war hym in the werre! 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 196 Whose house is of glasse, must not throw stones at another. 1754 J. SHEBBEARE Marriage Act II. lv. Thee shouldst not throw Stones, who hast a Head of Glass thyself. .. Thee canst have no Title to Honesty who lendest the writings to deceive Neighbour Barter. 1778 T. PAINE in Pennsylvania Packet 22 Oct. i. He who lives in a glass house, says a Spanish proverb, should never begin throwing stones. 1861 TROLLOPE Framley Parsonage I. vi. Those who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones. .. Mr. Robarts’s sermon will be too near akin to your lecture to allow of his laughing. 2001 W. NORTHCUTT Darwin Awards II i. 16 Judea and Samaria district police jointly determined that the accidental crash was caused by the

stone-throwing young men. People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones. hypocrisy; self-preservation; slander All that GLITTERS is not gold ‘Glisters’, despite its Shakespearean authority, is now less often found than ‘glitters’. Thevariant form illustrated in quots. 1773 and 1987 is also common. L. non omne quod nitetaurum est, not all that shines is gold. c 1220 Hali Meidenhad (EETS) ii. Nis hit nower neh gold al that ter [there] schineth. c 1390 CHAUCER Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale 1. 962 But al thyng which that shineth as the gold Nis nat gold, as that I have herd it told. 1596 SHAKESPEARE Merchant of Venice II. vii. 65 All that glisters is not gold, Often have you heard that told. c 1628 W. DRUMMOND Works (1711) 222 All is not Gold which glittereth. 1773 D. GARRICK in Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer (Prologue) All is not gold that glitters. Pleasure seems sweet, but proves a glass of bitters [bitter-tasting medicine]. 1847 C. BRONTË Jane Eyre II. ix. I wished to put you on your guard. It is an old saying that ‘all is not gold that glitters’. 1880 Dict. English Proverbs (Asprey Reference Library) 39 All that glitters is not gold. 1933 E. B. BLACK Ravenelle Riddle iv. All that glitters is not gold. .. Every bird who calls himself an American doesn’t happen to be one. 1987 D. FISKE Murder Bound (1989) ii. 11 The old saw ‘all is not gold that glitters’ still holds true despite its standing as a platitude. 1998 Country Life 22 Jan. 50 (caption) In the volatile world of jewellery investment, all that glisters is not gold. appearance, deceptive global see THINK global, act local. glorify see until the LIONS produce their own historian,.. . glove see a CAT in gloves catches no mice. GO abroad and you’ll hear news of home 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 345 You must goe into the countrey to hear what news at London. 1887 T. HARDY Woodlanders I. iv. Well, what was the latest news at Shottsford. .. As the saying is, ‘Go abroad and you’ll hear news of home.’ 1937 J. P. MARQUAND Late George Apley x. It seems one must leave home to learn the news of home. home; news; travel

GO further and fare worse 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. iv. G3V You rose on your right syde here ryght. And might haue gon further, and haue faren wurs. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation ii. 58 Come, Sir John, you may go further, and fare worse. 1848 THACKERAY Vanity Fair iv. She’s just as rich as most of the girls who came out of India. I might go farther and fare worse. 1938 G. GREENE in Spectator 12 Aug. 271 He would have said, perhaps, with his plainness and simplicity and the smirk of satisfaction you see on his portrait, that one can fare further and fare worse. content and discontent go see also EASY come, easy go; LIGHT come, light go; QUICKLY come, quickly go; hethat would go to SEA for pleasure, would go to hell for a pastime; SELL in May and go away;never let the SUN go down on your anger; don’t go near the WATER until you learn how toswim; the WEAKEST go to the wall; many go out for WOOL and come home shorn; alsoGOES. You cannot serve GOD and Mammon Quoting MATTHEW vi. 24 (AV) Ye cannot serve God and mammon. Mammon is theAramaic word for ‘riches’, taken by medieval writers as the proper name of the devil ofcovetousness. Now used generally of wealth regarded as an evil influence. 1531 W. BONDE Pilgrimage of Perfection (rev. ed.) III. vii. No person may serue god eternall and also the Mammonde of iniquite: whiche is golde and syluer and other richesse. 1860 TROLLOPE Framley Parsonage II. i. Lady Lufton.. would say of Miss Dunstable that it was impossible to serve both God and Mammon. 1982 P. MCGINLEY Goosefoot v. The city and the country repel each other like oil and water. And like God and Mammon, they can’t be served at the same time by the same person. money Where GOD builds a church, the Devil will build a chapel Quot. 1942 cites the version of the saying found in George Herbert’s Outlandish Proverbs(1640) no. 674. 1560 T. BECON Works I. 516V For commonly, where so ever God buildeth a church, the Deuyll wyl builde a Chappell iuste by. 1701 DEFOE True-born Englishman 4 Wherever God erects a House of Prayer, The Devil always builds a Chapel there: And ‘twill be found upon Examination, The latter has the largest Congregation. 1903 G. H.

Post 7 Apr. H7 It’s a waste to use $480 worth of Office suite for such simple work. Butit’s not a surprise either. To paraphrase what others have said: When Microsoft Office isyour only hammer, pretty much everything begins to look like a nail. Or a thumb.necessity; ways and means hammer see also the CHURCH is an anvil which has worn out many hammers; (verb) theNAIL that sticks up gets hammered down.One HAND for yourself and one for the ship A nautical proverb, also used in variant forms in similar contexts: see the explanation inquot. 1902. 1799 Port Folio (Philadelphia, 1812) VII. 130 Did I not tell you never to fill bothhands at once. Always keep one hand for the owners, and one for yourself. 1822 J. F.COOPER Pilot I. vii. The maxim, which says, ‘one hand for the owner, and t’other foryourself,’ .. has saved many a hearty fellow from a fall that would have balanced thepurser’s books. 1902 B. LUBBOCK Round Horn 58 The old rule on a yard is, ‘one handfor yourself and one for the ship,’ which means, hold on with one hand and work with theother. 1968 L. MORTON Long Wake i. I did not know then the old adage ‘one hand foroneself and one hand for the company.’ 1993 B. CALLISON Crocodile Trapp (1994) x.169 ‘Now you allus remember the seaman’s golden rule from now on, Mister Despytoff,’Spew chastised gently. ‘One hand f’r the ship—or in your case, f’r the aeroplane, eh?heh, heh .. an’ one hand f’r yerself.’ prudence; securityThe HAND that rocks the cradle rules the world 1865 W. R. WALLACE in J. K. Hoyt Cyclopxdia of Practical Quotations (1896) 402A mightier power and stronger Man from his throne has hurled, For the hand that rocksthe cradle Is the hand that rules the world. a 1916 ’SAKI’ Toys of Peace (1919) 158 Youcan’t prevent it; it’s the nature of the sex. The hand that rocks the cradle rocks the world,in a volcanic sense. 1996 Washington Times 10 May A2 The habits of the home in onegeneration become the morals of society in the next. As the old adage says: ‘The handthat rocks the cradle rules the world.’ womenOne HAND washes the otherCf. EPICHARMUS Apophthegm 273 (Kaibel) , one hand washes the

other; SENECA Apocolocyntosis ix. manus manum lavat, hand washes hand. 1573 J. SANFORDE Garden of Pleasure 110V One hand washeth an other, and both wash the face. 1611 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English s.v. Main, One hand washes the other; applyable to such as giue vpon assurance, or hope, to be giuen vnto; or vnto such as anyway serue one anothers turne. 1836 P. HONE Diary 12 Mar. (1927) I. 203 Persons in business . . make, as the saying is, ‘one hand wash the other’. 1983 H. RESNICOW Gold Solution ix. And three years ago, Erik was on a design jury that picked the dean’s firm’s entry as a winner. One hand washes the other. 2001 P. J. O’ROURKE CEO of Sofa xii. 250 One hand washes the other: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me—unless they seek counseling, of course. reciprocity hand see also a BIRD in the hand is worth two in the bush; COLD hands, warm heart; theDEVIL finds work for idle hands to do; the EYE of a master does more work than both hishands; FULL cup, steady hand; if IFS and ands were pots and pans, there’d be no work fortinkers’ hands; MANY hands make light work. HANDSOME is as handsome does Handsome denotes chivalrous or genteel behaviour, though it is often popularly taken torefer to good looks. At its second occurrence in the proverb the word is properly an adverb.For the common US equivalent, see PRETTY is as pretty does. c 1580 A. MUNDAY View of Sundry Examples in J. P. Collier John A Kent (1851) 78 As the ancient adage is, goodly is he that goodly dooth. 1659 N. R. Proverbs 49 He is handsome that handsome doth. 1766 GOLDSMITH Vicar of Wakefield i. They are as heaven made them, handsome enough if they be good enough; for handsome is that handsome does. 1845 Spirit of Times 23 Aug. 297 Handsome is as handsome does. 1873 C. M. YONGE Pillars of House II. xvii. ‘Don’t you think her much better looking than Alda?’ ‘If handsome is that handsome does.’ 1979 A. WILLIAMSON Funeral March for Siegfried xxiv. ‘But he’s such a handsome, chivalrous, man.’ Handsome is as handsome does, thought York grimly. appearance; conduct HANG a thief when he’s young, and he’ll no’ steal when he’s old 1832 A. HENDERSON Scottish Proverbs 115 Hang a thief when he’s young, and he’ll no [not] steal when he’s auld. 1896 A. CHEVIOT Proverbs of Scotland 126 Hang a thief when he’s young, and he’ll no steal when he’s auld. This was a favourite saying of

Lord Justice Clerk Braxfield [Robert MacQueen, Lord Braxfield (1722–99), Scottish judge], who invariably acted upon its teaching. 1979 J. LEASOR Love & Land Beyond x. So much killing. .. It reminds me of the Scots proverb, ‘Hang a thief when he’s young, and he’ll no’ steal when he’s old.’ wrong-doers hang see also a CREAKING door hangs longest; give a DOG a bad name and hang him;every HERRING must hang by its own gill; give a man ROPE enough and he will hanghimself. One might as well be HANGED for a sheep as a lamb The proverb alludes to the former penalty for sheep-stealing. The idea is present in: 1662N. ROGERS Rich Fool 253 As some desperate Wretches, Who dispairing of life still act themore villainy, giving this desperate Reason of it, As good be hanged for a great deal, as for alittle. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 350 As good be hang’d for an old sheep as a young lamb. Somerset. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 683 As good be hang’d for a Sheep as a Lamb. 1836 MARRYAT Midshipman Easy II. ii. We may as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb. .. I vote that we do not go on board. 1841 DICKENS Barnaby Rudge liii. Others . . comforted themselves with the homely proverb, that, being hung at all, they might as well be hung for a sheep as a lamb. 1915 D. H. LAWRENCE Rainbow vi. One might as well be hung for a sheep as for a lamb. If he had lost this day of his life, he had lost it. 1977 B. PYM Quartet in Autumn xv. Letty .. decided that she might as well be hung for a sheep as a lamb and make the most of her meal. conduct; risk hanged see also if you’re BORN to be hanged then you’ll never be drowned; CONFESSand be hanged; he that has an ILL name is half hanged; LITTLE thieves are hanged, but greatones escape; never mention ROPE in the house of a man who has been hanged. HANGING and wiving go by destiny 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. iii. Weddyng is desteny, And hangyng lykewise. 1596 SHAKESPEARE Merchant of Venice II. ix. 82 The ancient saying is no heresy: Hanging and wiving goes by destiny. 1678 S. BUTLER Hudibras II. i. 270 If Matrimony and Hanging go By Dest’ny, why not Whipping too? 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 78 ‘Twas her Fate; they say, Marriage and Hanging go by destiny. 1951 E. MARSHALL Viking iii. King Alfred said that wiving and hanging go by destiny. fate and fatalism; marriage

hanging see also CATCHING’S before hanging; there are more WAYS of killing a dogthan hanging it. ha’porth see do not spoil the SHIP for a ha’porth of tar. happen see ACCIDENTS will happen (in the best-regulated families); the UNEXPECTEDalways happens. happiness see MONEY can’t buy happiness. If you would be HAPPY for a week take a wife; if you would be happy for a month killa pig; but if you would be happy all your life plant a garden There are almost endless possibilities for variation on this theme, but marriage is generallyincluded as one of the more ephemeral sources of content. a 1661 T. FULLER Worthies Wales 6 I say the Italian-humor, who have a merry Proverb, Let him that would be happy for a Day, go to the Barber; for a Week, marry a Wife; for a Month, buy him a New-horse; for a Year, build him a New-house; for all his Life-time, be an Honest man. 1809 S. PEGGE Anonymiana II. xix. If you would live well for a week, kill a hog; if you would live well for a month, marry; if you would live well all your life, turn priest. .. Turning priest .. alludes to the celibacy of the Romish Clergy, and has a pungent sense, as much as to say, do not marry at all. 1973 New Earth Catalog 55 If you would be happy for a week take a wife; If you would be happy for a month kill a pig; But if you would be happy all your life plant a garden. 1996 National Review 25 Nov. 6 For those of a philosophical turn of mind, I pass on something that the distinguished economist Peter Bauer said last week: ‘If you want to be happy for a day, get drunk; for a month, get married; for a lifetime, take up gardening.’ happiness Call no man HAPPY till he dies The story alluded to in quot. 1545 is narrated in Herodotus’ Histories I. xxxii: when thegreat Athenian lawgiver Solon visited Croesus, the fabulously wealthy king of Lydia, the latterasked Solon who was the happiest man he had ever seen—expecting the answer to be himself.C f . SOPHOCLES Oedipus Rex 1. 1529 deem no man happy, until

he passes the end of his life without suffering grief; OVID Metamorphoses iii. 135 diciquebeatus Ante obitum nemo .. debet, nobody should be called blessed before his death. 1545 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages (ed. 2) 53V Salon aunsered kynge Cresus, that no man could be named happy, tyl he had happely and prosperouslye passed the course of his lyfe. 1565 NORTON & SACKVILLE Gorboduc III. i. Oh no man happie, till his ende be seene. 1603 J. FLORIO tr. Montaigne’s Essays I. xviii. We must exspect of man the latest day, Nor e’er he die, he’s happie, can we say. 1891 Times 5 Dec. 9 Call no man happy till he dies is the motto .. suggested by the career of Dom Pedro [emperor of Brazil]. 1967 C. S. FORESTER Hornblower & Crisis 163 ‘Call no man happy until he is dead.’ . . He was seventy-two, and yet there was still time for this dream . . to change to a nightmare. good fortune; happiness happy see also happy is the BRIDE that the sun shines on; happy is the COUNTRY whichhas no history; a DEAF husband and a blind wife are always a happy couple; happy’s theWOOING that is not long a-doing. HARD cases make bad law Difficult cases cause the clarity of the law to be obscured by exceptions and strainedinterpretations. 1854 G. HAYES in W. S. Holdsworth Hist. English Law (1926) IX. 423 A hard case. But hard cases make bad law. 1945 W. S. CHURCHILL in Hansard (Commons) 12 June 1478 Well, of course, hard cases do not make good laws. 1991 Times 17 Sept. 29 Hard cases not only make bad law. They also create bad feeling between judges. 2001 Spectator 21 July 18 Hard cases make bad law, no doubt, and maybe bad policy, but this case is far from unique. law and lawyers; rules, general HARD words break no bones A terser statement of the sentiment in STICKS and stones may break my bones, but wordswill never hurt me. Cf. c 1450 Towneley Play of Noah (EETS) 1. 380 Thise grete wordis shallnot flay me. 1697 G. MERITON Yorkshire Ale (ed. 3) 84 Foul words break neay Banes. 1806 H. H. BRACKENRIDGE Gazette Publications 250 Hard words, and language break nae bane. 1814 G. MORRIS Letter 18 Oct. (1889) II. xlix. These .. are mere words—hard

words, if you please, but they break no bones. 1882 BLACKMORE Christowell III. xvi. ‘Scoundrel, after all that I have done—.’ ‘Hard words break no bones, my friend.’ 1980 G. NELSON Charity’s Child i. Soft words! They butter no parsnips. .. Would you prefer hard ones? .. Hard words break no bones. malice hard see also OLD habits die hard. hardens see the same FIRE that melts the butter hardens the egg. harder see the BIGGER they are, the harder they fall. hare see FIRST catch your hare; if you RUN after two hares you will catch neither; youcannot RUN with the hare and hunt with the hounds. HASTE is from the Devil 1633 J. HOWELL Familiar Letters 5 Sept. (1903) II. 140 As it is a principle in chemistry that Omnis festinatio est a Diabolo, All haste comes from Hell, so in .. any business of State, all rashness and precipitation comes from an ill spirit. 1835 SOUTHEY Doctor III. lxxxiii. If any of my readers should .. think that I ought to have proceeded to the marriage without delay. . I must admonish them in the words of a Turkish saying, that ‘hurry comes from the Devil, and slow advancing from Allah.’ 1929 Times 12 Sept. 14 Listening patiently to the views..[f]or he understood the East; he knew that for an Intelligence officer ‘haste is from the devil.’ haste; patience and impatience More HASTE, less speed The original meaning of speed in this proverb is ‘quickness in the performance of someaction or operation’. c 1350 Douce MS 52 no. 86 The more hast, the worse spede. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. ii. A3V Moste tymes he seeth, the more haste the lesse speede. 1595 Locrine (1908) I. ii. My penne is naught; gentlemen, lend me a knife. I thinke the more haste the worst speed. 1705 E. WARD Hudibras Redivivus I. i. A mod’rate pace is best indeed. The greater hurry, the worse speed. 1887 BLACKMORE Spring-haven III. xi. Some days had been spent by the leisurely Dutchman in providing fresh supplies, and the stout bark’s favourite maxim seemed to be—’the more haste the less speed.’ 1919 S. J.

WEYMAN Great House xxvii. Tell me the story from the beginning. And take time.More haste, less speed, you know. 1993 ‘C. AIRD’ Going Concern (1994) iv. 31‘Working against the clock doesn’t make for considered thought.’ ‘More haste, lessspeed,’ said Detective Constable Crosby helpfully. haste; patience and impatienceHASTE makes waste Waste properly means the squandering of time, money, etc., though it is also used withreference to material waste. c 1386 CHAUCER Tale ofMelibee 1.1053 The proverbe seith .. in wikked haste is noprofit. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. ii. A3 Som thyngs .. show afterweddyng, that haste maketh waste. 1663 S. BUTLER Hudibras I. iii. Festina lente, nottoo fast; For haste (the Proverb says) makes waste. 1853 R. C. TRENCH On Lessons inProverbs i. Many Proverbs, such as Haste makes waste .. have nothing figurative aboutthem. 1997 Washington Post: Washington Business 29 Dec. 15 But I’ve let myself be animpulsive Internet shopper, too, and I usually regret it. In ‘98, my motto is ‘haste makeswaste.’ haste; patience and impatience; wasteMake HASTE slowly Cf. L. festina lente, make haste slowly; after SUETONIUS Augustus xxv. 4. nihil autemminus perfecto duci quam festinationem temeritatemque convenire arbitratur. crebro itaqueilla iactabat: he [Augustus] thought that haste and rashness were alike unsuitedto a well-trained leader. So he often came out with sayings like ‘make haste slowly’ [etc.]; c1385 CHAUCER Troilus & Criseyde I. 956 He hasteth wel that wisly kan [knows how to]abyde. 1683 DRYDEN Poems (1958) I. 336 Gently make haste. .. A hundred times considerwhat you’ve said. 1744 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Apr.) Make hasteslowly. 1989 C. G. HART Little Class on Murder xii. ’Festina lente,’ Miss Dorasuggested slyly. ‘Not bad advice,’ Max said cheerfully. At Annie’s glare, he addedquickly, ‘Make haste slowly.’ haste; patience and impatience haste see also MARRY in haste and repent at leisure; NOTHING should be done in hastebut gripping a flea.hasty see hasty CLIMBERS have sudden falls.

hatched see don’t COUNT your chickens before they are hatched. hate see BETTER a dinner of herbs than a stalled ox where hate is. What you HAVE, hold c 1450 Towneley Play of Killing of Abel (EETS) 1.142 It is better hold that I haue then go from doore to doore and craue. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs i.x. D1 Hold fast whan ye haue it (quoth she) by my lyfe. 1876 I. BANKS Manchester Man I. x. Then .. rang, clear and distinct, Humphrey Chetham’s motto—’Quod tuum, tene!’ (What you have, hold!) 1979 Times 23 Nov. 5 There had been a simple ‘what we have we hold’ approach by the established parties. property You cannot HAVE your cake and eat it You cannot consume or spend something and still keep possession of it: once the cake iseaten, it is gone. The positions of have and eat are often reversed. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. ix. L2 I trowe ye raue, Wolde ye bothe eate your cake, and haue your cake? 1611 J. DAVIES Scourge of Folly no. 271 A man cannot eat his cake and haue it stil. 1812 in R. C. Knopf Document Transcriptions of War of 1812 (1959) VI. 204 We cannot have our cake and eat it too. 1938 P. MCGUIRE Funeral in Eden ii. Not that the savages were especially savage. They have always been a sensitive people, and when they ate a man they probably felt genuinely sorry that they could not have their cake and eat it, so to speak. 2002 R. J. BERNSTEIN Radical Evil 32 Why does Kant allow himself to get entangled in such difficulties and paradoxes? It looks as if he wants to have his cake and eat it too! have see also the MORE you get, the more you want; NOTHING venture, nothing have;what you SPEND, you have; you can have TOO much of a good thing. haw see when all FRUIT fails, welcome haws. hawk see a CLEVER hawk hides its claws.

HAWKS will not pick out hawks’ eyes 1573 J. SANFORDE Garden of Pleasure 104 One crowe neuer pulleth out an others eyes. 1817 SCOTT Rob Roy III. iii. I wadna..rest my main dependence on the Hielandmen —hawks winna pike out hawks’ een.—They quarrel amang them-sells .. but they are sure to join .. against a’ civilized folk. 1883 J. PAYN Thicker than Water III. xli. Members of his profession .. while warning others of the dangers of the table, seem to pluck from them the flower Safety. (Is it that, since hawks do not peck out hawks’ een, they know they can be cured for nothing?) 1915 J. BUCHAN Salute to Adventurers vi. I have heard that hawks should not pick out hawks’ eyes. What do you propose to gain? 1975 J. O’FAOLAIN Women in Wall xiv. The crow doesn’t pluck out the crow’s eye but poor folk bear the brunt. reciprocity hay see if in FEBRUARY there be no rain, ‘tis neither good for hay nor grain; MAKE haywhile the sun shines; a SWARM in May is worth a load of hay. head see the FISH always stinks from the head downwards; where MACGREGOR sits isthe head of the table; you cannot put an OLD head on young shoulders; a STILL tongue makesa wise head; SWEEP the house with broom in May, you sweep the head of the house away;TWO heads are better than one; YORKSHIRE born and Yorkshire bred, strong in the arm andweak in the head. heal see PHYSICIAN, heal thyself. healer see TIME is a great healer. healthy see EARLY to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. HEAR all, see all, say nowt, tak’ all, keep all, gie nowt, and if tha ever does owt fornowt do it for thysen A proverb now traditionally associated with Yorkshire, with numerous variant forms. Theprecepts make up the caricature of the Yorkshireman as seen by detractors: canny, dour ( saynowt = say nothing), grasping (gie nowt = give nothing), and selfish (if tha ever does owt fornowt do it for theysen = if you ever do anything for nothing do it for yourself). a 1400 Proverbs of Wisdom in Archiv (1893) XC. 246 Hyre and se, and say nowght.

Be ware and wyse, and lye nought .. and haue thy will. 1623 J. WODROEPHE Spared Hours of Soldier 276 Heare all, see all, and hold thee still If peace desirest with thy will. 1913 D. H. LAWRENCE Letter 1 Feb. (1962) 1.183 It seems queer, that you do it and get no profit. I should think you’ve forgotten the Yorkshire proverb, ‘An’ if tha does owt for nowt, do it for thysen.’ 1925 Notes & Queries 412 The famous Yorkshire motto .. is invariably recited with an air of superior bravado, and will be found upon mugs, post cards, etc. The authentic version, I believe, is, ‘Hear all, see all, say now’t, tak’ all, keep all, gie now’t, and if tha ever does ow’t for now’t do it for thysen.’ 1984 G. SMITH English Companion 265 ‘Hear all, see all, say nowt; sup all, eat all, pay nowt’, is said by detractors to be the Yorkshireman’s motto. self-preservation; speech and silence hear see also ASK no questions and hear no lies; BELIEVE nothing of what you hear, andonly half of what you see; there’s none so DEAF as those who will not hear; DREAM of afuneral and you hear of a marriage; GO abroad and you’ll hear news of home; LISTENERSnever hear any good of themselves; SEE no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil. heard see CHILDREN should be seen and not heard. heart see ABSENCE makes the heart grow fonder; COLD hands, warm heart; what theEYE doesn’t see, the heart doesn’t grieve over; FAINT heart never won fair lady; out of theFULLNESS of the heart the mouth speaks; HOME is where the heart is; HOPE deferred makesthe heart sick; if it were not for HOPE, the heart would break; a NATION without a languageis a nation without a heart; PLEASE your eye and plague your heart; it is a POOR heart thatnever rejoices; put a STOUT heart to a stey brae; the WAY to a man’s heart is through hisstomach. If you don’t like the HEAT, get out of the kitchen 1952 Time 28 Apr. 19 President [Truman] gave a .. down-to-earth reason for his retirement, quoting a favorite expression of his military jester, Major General Harry Vaughan: ‘If you don’t like the heat, get out of the kitchen.’ 1970 Financial Times 13 Apr. 25 Property people argue that hoteliers are not facing the facts of economic life, and that if they cannot stand the heat they should get out of the kitchen. 2002 Times 29 Aug. 22 (heading) If you can’t stand the Heat, then you need to get out of Hello!’s kitchen. politics; stress HEAVEN protects children, sailors, and drunken men The proverb is found in various forms; latterly, American examples often add ‘the United

States’ to the category of those favoured or in need of special protection. 1861 T. HUGHES Tom Brown at Oxford I. xii. Heaven, they say, protects children, sailors, and drunken men; and whatever answers to Heaven in the academical system protects freshmen. 1865 G. MACDONALD Alec Forbes III. xi. I canna think hoo he cam’ to fa’ sae sair; for they say there’s a special Providence watches over drunk men and bairns. 1980 S. KING Firestarter 57 She didn’t even have a bruise—God watches over drunks and small children. 1997 Washington Times 18 Nov. A15 As we become once more the fool, we can only pray the old epigram is still true: ‘God protects fools, drunkards and the United States.’ 2001 Washington Times 15 Nov. A16 We’ve all likely heard at some time or other the stale, snide European-ism: ‘The Lord looks after fools, drunks, and the United States.’ Sometimes you have to wonder: Does He really? providence heaven see also CROSSES are ladders that lead to heaven; GOD’S in his heaven, all’sright with the world; MARRIAGES are made in heaven; also GOD. hedge see one man may STEAL a horse, while another may not look over a hedge. heir see WALNUTS and pears you plant for your heirs. HELL hath no fury like a woman scorned In classical mythology the Furies were avenging deities, fearful goddesses from Tartaruswho avenged wrong and punished crime. Fury in the sense of ‘frenzied rage’ may also beintended, esp. in more modern quots. Cf. EURIPIDES Medea 1. 263 in other circumstances a woman isfull of fear and shuns to confront force and iron; but when she has been wronged in a matter ofsex, there is no other heart more bloodthirsty. The idea was a commonplace in theRenaissance; e.g. a 1625 BEAUMONT & FLETCHER Knight of Malta I i. The wages ofscorn’d Love is baneful hate. 1696 C. CIBBER Love’s Last Shift IV. 71 No Fiend in Hell can match the fury of a disappointed Woman!—Scorned! slighted; dismissed without a parting Pang! 1697 CONGREVE Mourning Bride III. 39 Heav’n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn’d, Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman scorn’d. 1886 M. HOLMES Chamber over Gate xxvi. You know ‘Hell hath no fury,’ etc. If your wife should ever wake up to the true state of the case . . I’m afraid she’d be an ugly customer. 2002 Washington Post 15 Jan. B4 ‘Hell hath

no fury like a woman scorned,’ Laura L. Martin, Calvert deputy state’s attorney, told jurors yesterday at Freeman’s trial on a first-degree murder charge. ‘The defendant, Adele Freeman, felt like a woman scorned.’ love, blighted; malice; women hell see also ENGLAND is the paradise of women; the ROAD to hell is paved with goodintentions; he that would go to SEA for pleasure, would go to hell for a pastime. help see EVERY little helps; GOD helps them that help themselves; a MOUSE may help alion; help you to SALT, help you to sorrow; do not call a WOLF to help you against the dogs. hen see the ROBIN and the wren are God’s cock and hen; a WHISTLING woman and acrowing hen are neither fit for God nor men. herb see BETTER a dinner of herbs than a stalled ox where hate is. heresy see TURKEY, heresy, hops, and beer came into England all in one year. hero see NO man is a hero to his valet. Every HERRING must hang by its own gill Individuals are accountable for their own actions. 1609 S. HARWARD MS (Trinity College, Cambridge) 85 Lett every herring hang by his owne tayle. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 20 Every herring must hang by th’owne gill. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 102 Every herring must hang by its own gill. .. Every man must give an account for himself. 1865 SURTEES Facey Romford’s Hounds xxi. One man is no more a criterion for another man than one horse is a criterion for another. .. Every herring must hang by its own head. 1890 T. H. HALL CAINE Bondman II. ii. Adam, thinking as little of pride, said No, that every herring should hang by its own gills. 1998 Times 16 June 22 You believe, like Bill Tilman who sailed leaky pilot cutters up Greenland fjords until he was 80, that ‘every herring should hang by its own tail.’ independence He who HESITATES is lost

Early uses of the proverb refer specifically to women. 1713 ADDISON Cato IV. i. When love once pleads admission to our hearts .. The woman that deliberates is lost. 1865 TROLLOPE Can You forgive Her? II. x. It has often been said of woman that she who doubts is lost .. never thinking whether or no there be any truth in the proverb. 1878 J. H. BEADLE Western Wilds xxi. In Utah it is emphatically true, that he who hesitates is lost—to Mormonism. 1887 BLACKMORE Springhaven xlii. Dolly hesitated, and with the proverbial result. 2001 Washington Times 8 Nov. D6(Herb & Jamaal comic strip) ‘Sometimes he who hesitates is lost .. and ends up several miles from the next freeway exit.’ decision and indecision hid see LOVE and a cough cannot be hid. Those who HIDE can find Hide means ‘hide something’: the verb is used absolutely. c 1400 Seven Sages of Rome (1845) 68 He may wel fynde that hyde him selven. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 111 They that hide can find. 1842 MARRYAT Percival Keene I. iii. ‘I could have told you where it was.’ ‘Yes, yes, those who hide can find.’ 1922 JOYCE Ulysses 542 (She .. unrolls the potato from the top of her stocking.) Those that hides knows where to find. 1979 ’E. PETERS’ One Corpse too Many ix. Only those who had hidden here were likely ever to find. The full leafage covered all. concealment hides see a CLEVER hawk hides its claws. high see GOD is high above, and the tsar is far away; the MOUNTAINS are high, and theemperor is far away. The HIGHER the monkey climbs the more he shows his tail The further an unsuitable person is promoted, the more obvious his inadequacies become.In various more or less polite forms. c 1395 WYCLIF Bible (1850) Proverbs iii. 35 (gloss) The filthe of her foli aperith more, as the filthe of the hynd partis of an ape aperith more, whanne he stieth [climbs] on

high. c 1594 BACON Promus 102 He doth like the ape that the higher he clymbes the more he shows his ars. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 57 The higher the Ape goes, the more he shews his tail. . . The higher beggars or base bred persons are advanced, the more they discover the lowness and baseness of their spirits and tempers. 1743 POPE Dunciad iv. 157 (note) The higher you climb, the more you shew your A—. 1873 TROLLOPE Phineas Redux I. xxxiv. He’s to be pitchforked up to the Exchequer. . . The higher a monkey climbs—; you know the proverb. 1985 Washington Post 3 Nov. C3 Let me tell you something Cookie and try to remember it the rest of your life, will you? The higher a monkey climbs the more he shows his ass. 2000 Washington Post 12 Dec. D6 The great expectations cost Norv Turner his job. And the attending soap opera quality made Dan Snyder a villainous stick figure across the nation. The lesson is obvious: The higher you attempt to climb, the more your behind shows. ambition; human nature hill see BLUE are the hills that are far away. hindered see MEAT and mass never hindered man. hindmost see DEVIL take the hindmost; EVERY man for himself, and devil take thehindmost. hire see the LABOURER is worthy of his hire. historian see until the LIONS produce their own historian,... HISTORY repeats itself 1858 G. ELIOT Janet’s Repentance in Scenes of Clerical Life II. x. History, we know, is apt to repeat itself. 1865 H. SEDLEY Marian Rooke III. v. i. History, it is said, repeats itself. .. Few but are reminded almost every day .. of something that has gone before. 1957 V. BRITTAIN Testament of Experience 11 History tends to defy the familiar aphorism; whether national or personal, it seldom repeats itself. 1971 A. PRICE Alamut Ambush xiii. Maybe history repeats itself—but I have to have facts. history history see also happy is the COUNTRY which has no history. hog see the CAT, the rat, and Lovell the dog, rule all England under the hog.

hold see what you HAVE, hold.Holdfast see BRAG is a good dog, but Holdfast is better.When you are in a HOLE, stop digging 1988 D. HEALEY Observer in J. Care (ed.) Sayings of the Eighties It is a good thing to follow the first law of holes; if you are in one, stop digging. 1989 U.S. News & World Report 23 Jan. CVI. iii. 46 (headline) When you’re in a hole, stop digging. 1997 Times 15 Sept. 1 William Hague seems to have forgotten the first rule of politics: when you are in a hole, stop digging. 2001 Spectator 1 Dec. 32 Parliament would be unwise to hand to somebody in Tehran, Lambeth Palace or Salt Lake City the power, by pronouncing something hateful, to create an offence under English law. You’re in a hole, Home Secretary. Stop digging. prudence; troubleHOME is home, as the Devil said when he found himself in the Court of SessionThe Court of Session is the supreme civil tribunal of Scotland, established in 1532. 1832 W. MOTHERWELL in A. Henderson Scottish Proverbs lxix. Nothing more bitter was ever uttered .. against our Supreme Court of Judicature, than the saying .. Hame is hamely, quo’ the Deil, when he fand himself in the Court of Session. 1915 J. BUCHAN Salute to Adventurers iv. I saw nothing now to draw me to .. law. .. ‘Hame’s hame,’ runs the proverb, ‘as the devil said when he found himself in the Court of Session,’ and I had lost any desire for that sinister company. law and lawyersHOME is home though it’s never so homelyThe archaic phrase never so means ‘ever so’. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. iv. B1 Home is homely, though it be poore in syght. 1569–70 Stationers’ Register (1875) 1.192 A ballett intituled home ys homelye be yt neuer so ill. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 103 Home is home though it be never so homely. 1857 DICKENS Little Dorrit II. ix. ‘Just as Home is Home though it’s never so Homely, why you see,’ said Mr. Meagles, adding a new version to the proverb, ‘Rome is Rome though it’s never so Romely.’ 1915 J. WEBSTER Dear Enemy 46 Hame is hame, be’t ever sae hamely. Don’t you marvel at the Scotch? content and discontent;

home HOME is where the heart is 1870 J. J. MCCLOSKEY in Goldberg & Heffner Davy Crockett & Other Plays (1940) 79 ‘As I am to become an inmate of your home, give me a sort of a panoramic view.’ .. ‘Well, home, they say, is where the heart is.’ 1950 H. M. GAY Pacific Spectator IV. 91 ‘Home is where the heart is,’ she said, ‘if you’ll excuse the bromide [trite remark].’ 1979 K. BONFIGLIONI After You with Pistol xxi. ‘Where is “home”, please,’ I asked. .. ‘Home’s where the heart is,’ he said. content and discontent; home home see also CHARITY begins at home; CURSES, like chickens, come home to roost;EAST, west, home’s best; an ENGLISHMAN’S house is his castle; GO abroad and you’ll hearnews of home; the LONGEST way round is the shortest way home; there’s no PLACE likehome; a WOMAN’S place is in the home; many go out for WOOL and come home shorn. HOMER sometimes nods Nobody, even a poet as great as the Greek epic writer Homer, can be at his best or mostalert all the time. Nods here means ‘becomes drowsy, falls asleep’; hence, ‘errs due tomomentary lack of attention’. The source is HORACE Ars Poetica 359 indignor quandoquebonus dormitat Homerus, I am indignant when worthy Homer nods. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. Higden’s Polychronicon (1874) V. 57 He may take hede that the grete Homerus slepeth somtyme, for in a long work it is laweful to slepe som time. 1677 DRYDEN in State of Innocence B1V Horace acknowledges that honest Homer nods sometimes: he is not equally awake in every line. 1887 T. H. HUXLEY in Nineteenth Century Feb. 196 Scientific reason, like Homer, sometimes nods. 1979 D. CLARK Heberden’s Seat vi. ‘We’re half asleep, not to have asked where they are before this.’ ‘Homer nods. . . You can’t ask every question.’ 2002 National Review 6 May 16 Thanks for the studious illumination. But isn’t it easier to go the even-Homer-nods route on this, than to question the rule that plural subjects require a plural form of the verb? error honest see when THIEVES fall out, honest men come by their own. HONESTY is the best policy 1605 E. SANDYS Europx Speculum K3 This over-politick .. order may reach a note

1605 E. SANDYS Europx Speculum K3 This over-politick .. order may reach a note higher than our grosse conceipts, who think honestie the best policie. a 1763 J. BYROM Poems (1773) I. 75 I’ll filch no filching;—and I’ll tell no lye; Honesty’s the best policy, —say I. 1854 R. WHATELY Detached Thoughts II. xviii. ‘Honesty is the best policy’; but he who acts on that principle is not an honest man. 1928 J. GALSWORTHY Swan Song vi. It had been in their systems just as the proverb ‘Honesty is the best policy’ was in that of the private banking which then obtained. 2001 Washington Times 17 July A 18 It is not a phrase I’m particularly fond of, for it endorses a virtue not for itself but for practical reasons, yet it bears repeating: Honesty is still the best policy. conduct; honesty and dishonesty HONEY catches more flies than vinegar Soft or ingratiating words achieve more than sharpness. cf. St. Francis de Sales (1567–1622) in L. de la Rivière Vie de..François de Sales (1624) 584: souvenez-vous que l’on prendsplus de mouches avec une cuillerée de miel qu’avec cent barils de vinaigre (remember thatone catches more flies with a spoonful of honey than with a hundred barrels of vinegar). 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 149 Honey gets more flyes to it, than doth viniger. 1744 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Mar.) Tart Words make no Friends: spoonful of honey will catch more flies than Gallon of Vinegar. 1955 W. C. MACDONALD Destination Danger X. I .. know the old saying relative to honey catching more flies than vinegar. .. If this is an act, you might as well save your breath. 1996 Washington Post 25 Oct. B4 Ask his advice frequently, and thank him profusely for his wisdom and guidance. Remember that old adage ‘You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar.’ tact honey see also where BEES are, there is honey; one DAY honey, one day onion. There is HONOUR among thieves The concept is found in c 1622–3 Soddered Citizen (1936) 1. 305 Theeues haue betweenethemselues, a truth, And faith, which they keepe firme, by which They doe subsist; 1703 P. A.MOTTEUX Don Quixote II. lx. The old proverb still holds good, Thieves are never roguesamong themselves. 1802 J. BENTHAM Works (1843) IV. 225 A sort of honour may be found (according to a proverbial saying) even among thieves. 1823 J. BEE Dict. Turf 98 ‘There is honour among thieves, but none among gamblers,’ is very well antithetically spoken, but not true in fact. 1984 J. REEVES Murder before Matins vi. Honour among thieves was an empty

phrase to all three of them: every professional criminal they’d known would sell his sidekick unhesitatingly if the price were right. 2002 R. J. BERNSTEIN Radical Evil 25 And a moral scoundrel may occasionally do what duty requires (honor among thieves). honour; wrong-doers The post of HONOUR is the post of danger a 1533 LD. BERNERS Huon (EETS) xx. Where as lyeth grete parelles there lieth grete honour. 1613 T. HEYWOOD Brazen Age III. 211 The greater dangers threaten The greater is his honour that breaks through. a 1625 J. FLETCHER Rule Wife (1640) iv. i. I remembered your old Roman axiom, The more the danger, still the more the honour. 1711 Spectator 1 Dec. 1 We consider Human Life as a State of Probation, and Adversity as the Post of Honour in it. 1832 A. HENDERSON Scottish Proverbs 33 The post of honour is the post of danger. 1905 British Weekly 14 Dec. 1 The Chancellorship of the Exchequer .. is preeminently the post of danger, and therefore the post of honour in the new Government. honour; peril honour see also give CREDIT where credit is due; a PROPHET is not without honour savein his own country. hoof see NO foot, no horse. hop see TURKEY, heresy, hops, and beer came into England all in one year. HOPE deferred makes the heart sick With allusion to PROVERBS xiii., 12 (AV) Hope deferred maketh the heart sick; cf. c1395 WYCLIF Bible (1850) Proverbs xiii. 13 Hope that is deferrid, tormenteth the soule; c1527 J. RASTELL Calisto & Melebea A5V For long hope to the hart mych troble wyll do. 1557 R. EDGEWORTH Sermons 130V The hope that is deferred, prolonged, and put of, vexeth the minde. 1733 J. TALCOTT in Collections of Connecticut Hist. Society (1892) IV. 285 As hope deferred makes the heart sick: so I am in long expectation of your answers. 1889 GISSING Nether World II. vii. There was a heaviness at his heart. Perhaps it came only of hope deferred. 1981 Observer 26 Apr. 14 If hope deferred makes the heart sick, despair is a poor counsellor also. hope and despair

HOPE for the best and prepare for the worst 1565 NORTON & SACKVILLE Gorboduc I. ii. Good is I graunt of all to hope the best, But not to liue still dreadles of the worst. 1581 W. AVERELL Charles & Julia D7 To hope the best, and feare the worst, (loe, such is Loouers gaines). 1706 E. WARD Third Volume 337 This Maxim ought to be carest, Provide against the worst, and hope the best. 1813 J. JAY Correspondence (1893) IV. 367 To hope for the best and prepare for the worst, is a trite but a good maxim. 1836 E. HOWARD Rattlin the Reefer II. xxix. The youngest of us cannot always escape—hoping, trusting, relying on the best, we should be prepared for the worst. 1999 ’H. CRANE’ Miss Seeton’s Finest Hour i. 7 ‘We must all hope for the best,’ Mrs. Seeton chided him gently. ‘As my nanny used to say: “Hope for the best, expect the worst—and take what comes.”’ foresight and hindsightHOPE is a good breakfast but a bad supper 1661 W. RAWLEY Resuscitatio (ed. 2) 298 But, said the fisher men, we had hope then to make a better gain of it. Saith Mr. [Francis] Bacon well my Maisters, then Ile tell you; hope is a good Breakfast but it is a Bad supper. 1817 H. L. PIOZZI Autobiography (1861) II. 188 He was a wise man who said Hope is a good breakfast but a bad dinner. It shall be my supper .. when all’s said and done. 1986 C. M. SCHULZ Washington Post 27 Aug. D15 (Peanuts comic strip) ‘I hope I get better grades this year. I hope I’ll be the prettiest and smartest girl in the whole class..’ ‘“Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.”’ disappointment; hope and despairHOPE springs eternal 1732 POPE Essay on Man I. 95 Hope springs eternal in the human breast. Man never Is, but always To be blest. 1865 DICKENS Our Mutual Friend II. III. X. Night after night his disappointment is acute, but hope springs eternal in the scholastic breast. 1935 H. SPRING Rachel Rosing viii. ‘It was understood, wasn’t it, that we could not dine together?’ ‘Oh yes—but you know how it is. Hope springs eternal and so forth.’ 2002 Spectator 16 Mar. 11 But hope springs eternal in the Labour pessimist’s breast. Perhaps this time Mr Blair and his American friends will get it all wrong. hope and despairIf it were not for HOPE, the heart would break a 1250 Ancrene Wisse (1962) 43 Ase me seith, yef hope nere heorte to breke [as one says, if there were not hope, the heart would break]. c 1440 Gesta Romanorum (EETS) 228 Yf hope wer not, hert schulde breke. 1616 J. WITHALS Dict. (rev. ed.) 582 If it were

not for hope, the heart would breake. 1748 RICHARDSON Clarissa VI. xxix. No harm in hoping, Jack! My uncle says, Were it not for hope, the heart would break. 1911 J. LUBBOCK Use of Life (rev. ed.) xv. There is an old proverb that if it were not for Hope the heart would break. Everything may be retrieved except despair. hope and despair hope see also while there’s LIFE, there’s hope; he that LIVES in hope dances to an illtune. hopefully see it is BETTER to travel hopefully than to arrive. You can take a HORSE to the water, but you can’t make him drink The word the is frequently omitted from the proverb and lead substituted for take. c 1175 Old English Homilies (EETS) 1st Ser. 9 Hwa is thet mei thet hors wettrien the him self nule drinken [who can give water to the horse that will not drink of its own accord]? 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. xi. D3 A man may well bryng a horse to the water, But he can not make hym drynke without he will. 1658 E. PHILLIPS Mysteries of Love & Eloquence 160 A man may lead his Horse to water, but he cannot make him drink unless he list. 1857 TROLLOPE Barchester Towers III. i. ‘Well,’ said she .. ‘one man can take a horse to water but a thousand can’t make him drink.’ 1970 J. MITFORD in Atlantic (1979) July 50 The dropout rate [for the course] must be close to 90 percent. I guess you can take a horse to the water, but you can’t make him drink. 1997 M. LAZARUS Washington Post 7 Dec. (Momma comic strip) We could send you out to a firm and convince them to hire you, but we’re not sure you’d be willing to learn the job. In other words, you can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink. free will and compulsion horse see also don’t CHANGE horses in midstream; ENGLAND is the paradise of women;never look a GIFT horse in the mouth; a GOOD horse cannot be of a bad colour; while theGRASS grows, the steed starves; the GREY mare is the better horse; because a MAN is bornin a stable that does not make him a horse; NO foot, no horse; a NOD’S as good as a wink to ablind horse; there is NOTHING so good for the inside of a man as the outside of a horse; don’tPUT the cart before the horse; if you can’t RIDE two horses at once, you shouldn’t be in thecircus; a SHORT horse is soon curried; it is too late to shut the STABLE-door after the horsehas bolted; one man may STEAL a horse, while another may not look over a hedge; THREEthings are not to be trusted; if TWO ride on a horse, one must ride behind; for WANT of a nailthe shoe was lost; if WISHES were horses, beggars would ride.

horseback see set a BEGGAR on horseback, and he’ll ride to the Devil. HORSES for courses Originally an expression in horse-racing: different horses are suited to different racecourses. Now widely used in other contexts. 1891 A. E. T. WATSON Turf vii. A familiar phrase on the turf is ‘horses for courses’. .. The Brighton Course is very like Epsom, and horses that win at one meeting often win at the other. 1929 Daily Express 7 Nov. 18 Followers of the ‘horses for courses’ theory will be interested in the acceptance of Saracen, Norwest and Sir Joshua. 1985 ‘J. GASH’ Pearlhanger xxiii. It seemed to me I’d need a massacre, and immediately thought of Big John Sheehan. Horses for courses. 2001 Times 7 Nov. 16 Likewise it is horses for courses in Parliament. Mr Blair has a huge majority. There is no point in ‘nursing a constituency’ which offers no threat. efficiency and inefficiency hot see a LITTLE pot is soon hot; STRIKE while the iron is hot. hound see you cannot RUN with the hare and hunt with the hounds. One HOUR’s sleep before midnight is worth two after 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 882 One houres sleepe before midnight is worth three after. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 37 One hours sleep before midnight’s worth two hours after. 1829 COBBETT Advice to Young Men I. xxxviii. It is said by the country-people that one hour’s sleep before midnight is worth more than two are worth after midnight; and this I believe to be a fact. 1937 A. THIRKELL Summer Half iii. Now, Mr. Winter, remember my boys when you come up! Every hour’s sleep before twelve is worth two afterwards, you know. 2002 Times 16 Feb. 26 Some maintain that ‘An hour before midnight is worth two after it’, which is utter nonsense because, as everyone knows: Early to bed, early to rise, Makes a man surly, and gives him red eyes. health hour see also the DARKEST hour is just before the dawn; SIX hours’ sleep for a man,seven for a woman, and eight for a fool. When HOUSE and land are gone and spent, then learning is most excellent

Of similar vintage is LEARNING is better than house and land. 1752 S. FOOTE Taste I. i. It has always been my Maxum..to give my Children Learning enough; for, as the old Saying is, When house and Land are gone and spent, then Learning is most excellent. 1896 S. BARING-GOULD Broom-Squire xxvi. I have..got Simon to write for me, on the fly-leaf. ..When land is gone, and money is spent, Then learning is most excellent. learning; property A HOUSE divided cannot stand With allusion to MATTHEW xii. 25 (AV) Every city or house divided against itself shallnot stand. a 1050 DEFENSOR Liber Scintillarum (EETS) 133 Drihten segth .. ælc ceaster oththe hus todæled ongean hit sylf, hit na stynt. c 1704 in T. Chalkley Journal in Works (1751) 42 My Mother would often say, A House divided could not stand. 1858 A. LINCOLN Speech 16 June in Works (1953) II. 461 ‘A house divided against itself cannot stand.’ I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. 2001 Times 12 Dec. 17 A house divided against itself cannot stand. And if Britain is to provide a secure home for all its peoples, there must be a shared sense of what values the nation holds in common. quarrelsomeness; unity and division house see also BETTER one house spoiled than two; an ENGLISHMAN’S house is hiscastle; FOOLS build houses and wise men live in them; those who live in GLASS housesshouldn’t throw stones; LEARNING is better than house and land; never mention ROPE in thehouse of a man who has been hanged; SWEEP the house with broom in May, you sweep thehead of the house away. human see to ERR is human (to forgive divine). hundred see the BUYER has need of a hundred eyes, the seller of but one. HUNGER drives the wolf out of the wood Cf. early 14th-cent. Fr. la fains enchace le loufdou bois, hunger chases the wolf from thewood.

1483 CAXTON Cato B6V As hunger chaceth the wolfe out of the wode thus sobrete [sobriety] chaseth the deuyl fro the man. 1591 J. FLORIO Second Fruits 125 Hunger driues the wolfe out of the wood, if I had not great neede of monie, you should neuer haue them so dog cheape. 1748 SMOLLETT Gil Blas (1749) IV. XII. vii. This one .. I own is the child of necessity. Hunger, thou knowest, brings the wolf out of the wood. 1872 R. BROWNING Works (1897) III. 323 Hunger, proverbs say, allures the wolf from the wood. 1905 J. B. CABELL Line of Love iv. Hunger .. causes the wolf to sally from the wood. hunger; necessity HUNGER is the best sauce Cf. CICERO De Finibus II. xxviii. cibi condimentum essefamem, hunger is the spice offood; early 15th-cent. Fr. n’est sauce qui vaille fain, there is no sauce worth so much ashunger. 1530 A. BARCLAY Eclogues (EETS) II. 743 Make hunger thy sause be thou neuer so nice, For there shalt thou finde none other kind of spice. 1539 R. TAVERNER Garden of Wisdom I. B1 He [Socrates] sayd, the beste sawce is hungre. 1555 R. EDEN tr. P. Martyr’s Decades of New World II. iii. (margin) Hunger is the best sauce. 1850 C. KINGSLEY Alton Locke I. ix. If hunger is, as they say, a better sauce than any Ude invents, you should spend .. months shut out from every glimpse of Nature, if you would taste her beauties. 1929 F. M. MCNEILL Scots Kitchen iii. Mere hunger, which is the best sauce, will not produce cookery, which is the art of sauces. 1939 L. I. WILDER By Shores of Silver Lake xxi. ‘The gravy is extra good too.’ ‘Hunger is the best sauce,’ Ma replied modestly. 1996 Washington Post 7 Aug. A10 However, just as hunger is the best sauce for unappetizing food, political peril is the best argument for Dole to swallow his skepticism. food and drink; hunger A HUNGRY man is an angry man c 1641 D. FERGUSSON Scottish Proverbs (STS) no. 553 Hungry men ar angry. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (English) 13 A hungry man, an angry man. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation ii. 119 ‘I’m hungry.’ .. ‘And I’m angry, so let us both go fight.’ 1909 Spectator 22 May 824 The Acharnians [in a play of that name by Aristophanes] . . made fun of the Athenians. .. ‘A hungry man is an angry man’ .. and the Athenians were certainly hungry. 1922 J. JOYCE Ulysses 161 Hungry man is an angry man. 1981 B. MARLEY in Times 17 Oct. 7 A hungry mob is an angry mob, a pot a cook but the food not enough. hunger hunt see until the LIONS produce their own historian,..; you cannot RUN with the hare and

hunt with the hounds. hunter see until the LIONS produce their own historian,... HURRY no man’s cattle 1822 SCOTT Pirate I. ix. ‘A’ in gude time,’ replied the jagger [pedlar]; ‘hurry no man’s cattle.’ 1907 W. C. HAZLITT English Proverbs & Proverbial Phrases 236 Hurry no man’s cattle; you may come to have a donkey of your own. Sometimes said to an impatient child. 1932 J. S. FLETCHER Murder of Ninth Baronet xxi. I knew that in due time he would tell me the result of these mental exercises; in the meantime I stood by the old adage—hurry no man’s cattle. patience and impatience hurt see don’t CRY before you’re hurt; what you don’t KNOW can’t hurt you; STICKSand stones may break my bones but words will never hurt me. The HUSBAND is always the last to know Said of a wife as well as a husband. 1604 MARSTON What you Will I. i. A cuckold .. a thing that’s hoodwinked with kindness. .. He must be the last must know it. 1659 N. R. Proverbs 95 The good man is the last that knows whats amisse at home. 1756 STERNE Tristram Shandy VIII. iv. ‘It is with love as with cuckoldom’—the suffering party is at least the third, but generally the last who knows anything about the matter. 1893 R. KIPLING Many Inventions 250 The most disconnected witness knew .. the causes of offence; and the prisoner [i.e. the cuckolded husband], who naturally was the last of all to know, groaned in the dock while he listened. 1936 M. MITCHELL Gone with Wind liv. I thought surely the whole town knew by now. Perhaps they all do, except you. You know the old adage: ‘The wife is always the last one to find out.’ 1959 M. SUMMERTON Small Wilderness i. That over- worked truism about the wife being the last to know, wasn’t in my case strictly accurate. 1979 C. MACLEOD Family Vault iii. ‘Do you mean he hasn’t heard? Leila whooped. ‘They say the husband’s always the last to know,’ Harry chimed in. 2002 B. MONAHAN Sceptred Isle Club vii. 138 John knew that, just as in affairs of the heart the wife is the last to know, with affairs of business, professional associates seldom had warnings when their seemingly secure friend went bankrupt. deception; wives and husbands husband see also a DEAF husband and a blind wife are always a happy couple.

I ice see the RICH man has his ice in the summer and the poor man gets his in the winter. An IDLE brain is the Devil’s workshop Recent US usage appears to conflate this proverb with the DEVIL finds work for idle handsto do (see quot. 2001). a 1602 W. PERKINS Works (1603) 906 The idle bodie and the idle braine is the shoppe [workshop] of the deuill. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 3053 Idle Brains are the Devil’s Workhouses. 1855 H. G. BOHN Hand-Book of Proverbs 311 An idle brain is the devil’s workshop. 1859 S. SMILES Self-Help viii. Steady employment.. keeps one out of mischief, for truly an idle brain is the devil’s workshop. 1930 E. D. BIGGERS Charlie Chan Carries On xxii. Tell him to be [a] good boy and study hard. An idle brain is the devil’s workshop. 1988 C. G. HART Design for Murder ix. ‘Idle minds are the devil’s workshop.’ She lifted the watch.. and stared at it accusingly. ‘Five minutes after eight. Is no one else here?’ 2001 Washington Times 3 Sept. A12 Young people need to learn to work. Their parents must not let them be idle all summer for, as they say, idle hands are the devil’s workshop. idleness; wrongdoers IDLE people have the least leisure The corollary of the BUSIEST men have the most leisure. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 161 Idle folks have the most labour. 1853 SURTEES Sponge’s Sporting Tour lvii. ‘Got a great deal to do’, retorted Jog, who, like all thoroughly idle men, was always dreadfully busy. 1855 H. G. BOHN Hand-Book of Proverbs 414 Idle folks have the least leisure. 1908 Spectator 10 Oct. 535 The difference between leisureliness and laziness runs parallel with that between quickness and haste. ‘Idle people’, says the proverb, ‘have the least leisure.’ efficiency and inefficiency; idleness idle see also as good be an ADDLED egg as an idle bird; the DEVIL finds work for idlehands to do; it is idle to SWALLOW the cow and choke on the tail.

IDLENESS is the root of all evil The idea is attributed to St. Bernard of Clairvaux. Cf. early 14th-cent. Fr. oiseuseté atraitviches, idleness attracts vices; c 1390 CHAUCER Second Nun’s Prologue 1.1 The ministre andthe norice [nurse] unto vices, which that men clepe [call] in Englissh ydlenesse. 1422 J. YONGE in Secreta Secretorum (1898) 158 Idylnysse is the.. rote of vicis. 1538 T. BECON Governance of Virtue B8V Idleness.. is the well-spring and root of all vice. 1707 G. FARQUHAR Beaux’ Stratagem I. i. Idleness is the Root of all Evil; the World’s wide enough, let ’em bustle. 1850 DICKENS David Copperfield x. ‘The boy will be idle there,’ said Miss Murdstone, looking into a pickle-jar, ‘and idleness is the root of all evil.’ 1874 TROLLOPE Phineas Redux II. xxxvi. I much prefer down-right honest figures. Two and two make four; idleness is the root of all evil.. and the rest of it. 1966 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 2 Aug. 22/7 We too can help by our behaviour and our industry and by working harder and spending less time in idleness. There is a well-known adage that idleness is the root of all evil. good and evil; idleness If IFS and ands were pots and pans, there’d be no work for tinkers’ hands Used as a humorous retort to an over-optimistic conditional expression. ands: theconjunction and’if’, of which an is a weakened form, is employed irregularly here as a noun todenote ‘an expression of condition or doubt’. 1850 C. KINGSLEY Alton Locke I. x. ‘If a poor man’s prayer can bring God’s curse down.’.. ‘If ifs and ans were pots and pans.’ 1886 Notes & Queries 7th Ser. I. 71 There is also the old doggerel—If ifs and ands Were pots and pans Where would be the work for Tinkers’ hands? 1981 J. ASHFORD Loss of Culion xvi. As my old aunt used to say, ‘If ifs and ands were pots and pans, there’d be no work for tinkers’ hands.’ 2002 Washington Times 14 Aug. B5 A reader signed ‘Desperate in Ohio’ reported that a verse her aunt told her many years ago was rattling around in her head, but she couldn’t remember the last line. It went, ‘If “ifs” and “ans” were pots and pans.. ‘ My column yesterday was filled with letters from readers eager to provide the missing line, ‘..there’d be no work for tinkers.’ wanting and having Where IGNORANCE is bliss, ‘tis folly to be wise Now frequently abbreviated to ignorance is bliss. 1742 GRAY Poems (1966) 10 Thought would destroy their paradise. No more; where

1742 GRAY Poems (1966) 10 Thought would destroy their paradise. No more; where ignorance is bliss, ‘Tis folly to be wise. 1865 SURTEES Facey Romford’s Hounds lxxi. Of course Facey knew nothing about Lucy, and, upon the principle that where ignorance is bliss ‘twere folly to be wise, Soapey was not extra-inquisitive about her. 1925 S. O’CASEY Juno & Paycock II. 49 ‘You ought to be ashamed o’ yourself.. not to know the History o’ your country.’.. ‘Where ignorance’s bliss ‘tis folly to be wise.’ 1983 ‘J. GASH’ Sleepers of Erin i. Antique dealers haven’t a clue. Pathetic. God knows why, but dealers always want to prove that ignorance really is bliss. 2001 Times 23 Nov. 20 And the moral of our present situation is: If ignorance is bliss, why aren’t more people happy? ignorance IGNORANCE of the law is no excuse for breaking it There is a hoary L. legal maxim: ignorantia iuris neminem excusat, ignorance of the lawexcuses nobody. c 1412 T. HOCCLEVE De Regimene Principum (EETS) 92 Excuse schal hym naght his ignorance. 1530 C. ST. GERMAN Dialogues in English II. xlvi. Ignorance of the law though it be inuincible doth not excuse. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 100 The ignorance of the law excuseth no man. a 1654 J. SELDEN Table-Talk (1689) 30 Ignorance of the Law excuses no man; not that all Men know the Law, but because ‘tis an excuse every man will plead, and no man can tell how to confute him. 1830 N. AMES Mariner’s Sketches xxviii. Ignorance of the law excuses nobody. . . The gates of mercy are forever shut against them. 1979 Private Eye 17 Aug. 6 [He] was fined £5 at Marylebone Court when he learned that ignorance of the law is no excuse for breaking it. excuses; law and lawyers It’s an ILL bird that fouls its own nest A condemnation of a person who vilifies his own family, country, etc. Cf. medieval L.nidos commaculans inmundus habebitur ales, the bird is unclean that soils its nest. a 1250 Owl & Nightingale (1960) 1. 99 Dahet habbe [a curse on] that ilke best that fuleth his owe nest. c 1400 N. BOZON Moral Tales (1889) 205 Hyt ys a fowle brydde that fylyth hys owne neste. 1591 H. SMITH Preparative to Marriage 82 It becommeth not any woman to set light by her husband, nor to publish his infirmities for they say, it is an euill bird that defileth his owne nest. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 62 It’s an ill bird that beraies its own nest. 1817 SCOTT Rob Roy II. xiii. Where’s the use o’ vilifying ane’s country. .. It’s an ill bird that files its ain nest. 1926 Times 7 Sept. 17 Nothing.. can excuse the bad taste of Samuel Butler’s virulent attack upon his defenceless family. .. It’s

an ill bird that fouls its own nest. 2000 C. GOFF Rant of Ravens i. 2 Miriam cleared her throat. ‘It’s an ill bird that fouls its own nest, dear. If you ask me, it’s about time you dumped him.’ malice ILL gotten goods never thrive Cf. CICERO PhilippicaII. xxvii. 65 male parta, male dilabuntur, things ill gotten slip awayin evil ways. A less colourful saying on the same theme as what is GOT over the Devil’s backis spent under his belly. 1519 W. HORMAN Vulgaria 77 Euyll gotten ryches wyll neuer proue longe. c 1577 J . NORTHBROOKE Treatise.. Dicing 95 Euill gotten goods shall neuer prosper. 1609 JONSON Case is Altered V. xii. Ill gotten goods ne’er thriue, I plaid the thiefe, and now am robd my selfe. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 98 Ill gotten goods, seldom prosper. 1826 C. LAMB Elia’s Last Essays (1833) ii. That ill-gotten gain never prospers..is the trite consolation administered to the easy dupe, when he has been tricked out of his money or estate. 1937 D. L. SAYERS Busman’s Honeymoon x. Ill gotten goods never thrive. . . Because he hath oppressed and forsaken the poor. action and consequence; retribution He that has an ILL name is half hanged a 1400 in C. Brown Religious Lyrics of XlVth Century (1957) 193 Ho-so hath a wicked name Me semeth for sothe half hongid he is. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. vi. I2 He that hath an yll name, is halfe hangd. 1614 T. ADAMS Devil’s Banquet IV. 156 It is a very ominous and suspitious thing to haue an ill name. The Prouerbe saith, he is halfe hanged. 1897 M. A. S. HUME Raleigh xii. Were.. not an ill name half hanged . . he would have been acquitted. reputation It’s ILL waiting for dead men’s shoes The earlier form of the proverb, exemplified in quots. c 1549 and 1721, is no longer found.The metaphorical phrase to wait for dead men’s shoes is also illustrated below. 1530 J. PALSGRAVE L’éclaircissement de la Langue Française 306V Thou lokest after deed mens shoes. c 1549 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. xi. C5 Who waitth for dead men shoen, shal go long barfote. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 148 He goes long bare Foot that wears dead Mens Shoon. Spoken to them who expect to be some

Man’s Heir, to get his Place, or Wife, if he should dye. 1758 A. MURPHY Upholsterer I. ii. You have very good pretensions; but then its waiting for dead Men’s Shoes. 1815 SCOTT Guy Mannering II. xvi. That’s but sma’ gear, puir thing; she had a sair time o’t with the auld leddy. But it’s ill waiting for dead folk’s shoon. 1912 E. V. LUCAS London Lavender iv. I pointed out that I was executor to no fewer than three persons . . ‘It’s ill waiting for dead men’s shoes,’ Naomi quoted. 1963 C. BUSH Case of Heavenly Twin xvi. Perhaps I was right when I suggested he told Staffer he was waiting for a dead man’s shoes. expectation ILL weeds grow apace Cf. 14th-cent. Fr. male herbe croist, bad grass thrives. c 1470 in Anglia (1918) XLII. 200 Wyl[d] weed ys sone y-growe. Creuerat herba satis, que nil habet utilitatis.1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. x.C4V Ill weede growth fast Ales [Alice], wherby the corne is lorne [lost]. 1578 J. FLORIO First Fruits 31V An yl weede groweth apace. 1594 SHAKESPEARE Richard III II. iv. 13 ‘Ay,’ quoth my uncle Gloucester, ‘Small herbs have grace: great weeds do grow apace.’.. I would not grow so fast, Because sweet flow’rs are slow and weeds make haste. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 23 ‘Don’t you think Miss is grown?’.. ‘Ay; ill Weeds grow a-pace.’ 1905 A. MACLAREN Gospel according to St. Matthew II. 208 The roots of the old lay hid, and, in due time, showed again above ground. ‘Ill weeds grow apace.’ 1986 M. SLUNG More Momilies 67 It’s always the weeds that grow the best. good and evil; wrong-doers It’s an ILL wind that blows nobody any good A sailing metaphor frequently invoked to explain good luck arising from the source ofothers’ misfortune. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. ix. L1 An yll wynde that blowth no man to good, men saie. 1591 SHAKESPEARE Henry VI, Pt. 3 II. v. 55 Ill blows the wind that profits nobody. 1655 T. FULLER Church Hist. Britain II. ii. It is an ill wind which bloweth no man Profit. He is cast on the Shoar of Freezland.. where the Inhabitants .. were by his Preaching converted to Christianity. 1832 S. WARREN Diary of Late Physician I. i. My good fortune (truly it is an ill wind that blows nobody any good) was almost too much for me. 1979 J. SCOTT Angels in your Beer xxviii. It is an ill wind that blows nobody any good, but then John Quinlan.. was about as close to being a nobody as anyone could get. 2002 Washington Times 11 Jan. A4 It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good, as the wise man said, and certain Democrats and pundits think the wind that

blew Enron away was a warm breeze from Eden. misfortune ill see also BAD news travels fast; EVIL doers are evil dreaders; EVIL to him who evilthinks; it’s ill speaking between a FULL man and a fasting; he that LIVES in hope dances toan ill tune; it is ill SITTING at Rome and striving with the Pope; a SOW may whistle, thoughit has an ill mouth for it; never SPEAK ill of the dead; also BAD. IMITATION is the sincerest form of flattery 1820 C. C. COLTON Lacon I. 113 Imitation is the sincerest of flattery. 1843 SURTEES Handley Cross I. xv. Imitation is the sincerest of flattery. 1940 E. PAYNE Malice Domestic 13 Penny’s [clothes] all seemed to be homemade copies of the expensive models her sister wore. . . Imitation may be the sincerest form of flattery but.. I wondered whether there might not be more to it. 2001 Washington Post 8 Sept. C11 It has been said that ‘imitation is the sincerest form of flattery,’ but being stalked and copied can indeed be frightening. imitation impossible see the DIFFICULT is done at once. impression see FIRST impressions are the most lasting. IN for a penny, in for a pound 1695 E. RAVENSCROFT Canterbury Guests v. i. It concerns you to.. prove what you speak. .. In for a Penny, in for a Pound. 1815 SCOTT Guy Mannering III. vii. Sampson .. thought to himself, in for a penny in for a pound, and he fairly drank the witch’s health in a cupfull of brandy. 1841 DICKENS Old Curiosity Shop II. lxvi. Now, gentlemen, I am not a man who does things by halves. Being in for a penny, I am ready as the saying is to be in for a pound. 1979 P. NIESEWAND Member of Club viii. ‘Do you want to go and have a look, sir?’.. ‘Why not?.. In for a penny, in for a pound.’ 2001 Oldie Nov. 66 Have you ever suggested that you take the children away for a few days or even a week—in for a penny, in for a pound—after Christmas or near their birthdays? action and consequence; perseverance; risk inclined see as the TWIG is bent, so is the tree inclined. inconvenience see POVERTY is no disgrace, but it is a great inconvenience.

index see the EYES are the window of the soul.Indian see the only GOOD Indian is a dead Indian.infinite see GENIUS is an infinite capacity for taking pains.inside see there is NOTHING so good for the inside of a man as the outside of a horse.intention see the ROAD to hell is paved with good intentions.invention see NECESSITY is the mother of invention.Ireland see ENGLAND’S difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity.iron see STRIKE while the iron is hot.

J Every JACK has his Jill 1611 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English s.v. Demander, Like will to like; a Iacke lookes for a Gill. 1619 in C. W. Bardsley Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature (1880) i. The proverb is, each Jacke shall have his Gill. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 108 Every Jack must have his Gill... It ought to be written Jyll. 1855 G. J. WHYTE- MELVILLE General Bounce ii. ‘Every Jack has his Gill,’ if he and she can only find each other out at the propitious moment. 1940 H. W. THOMPSON Body, Boots & Britches xix. Every Jack has his Jill; If one won’t, another will. 1986 M. SLUNG More Momilies 47 For every Jack, there is a Jill. men and women JACK is as good as his master Jack is variously used as a familiar name for a sailor, a member of the common people, aserving man, and one who does odd jobs. 1706 J. STEVENS Spanish & English Dict. s.v. Pedro, Peter is as good as his Master. Like Master, like Man. 1868 READE & BOUCICAULT Foul Play II. xx. Is it the general opinion of seamen before the mast? Come, tell us. Jack’s as good as his master in these matters. 1936 W. HOLTBY South RidingI. iv. She was far from thinking Jack as good as his master and explained failure in plebeian upstarts by saying with suave contempt: ‘Well, what can you expect? Wasn’t bred to power.’ 1987 R. HILL Child’s Play viii. 1945 might have seen Britain ready at last for the political assertion that Jack was as good as his master, but it was still light years away from any meaningful acknowledgement that Black Jack was as good as White Jack. employers and employees; equality JACK of all trades and master of none Jack is used here in the sense of unskilled worker, as contrasted with a master of a tradewho had completed an apprenticeship. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 3051 Jack of all Trades is of no Trade. 1804 M. EDGEWORTH ‘The Will’ in Popular Tales ii. 152 ‘How comes it that I am so unlucky?’ ‘Jack of all trades, and master of none!’ said Goodenough, with a sneer. 1878 S.

WALPOLE History of England I. 311 It would be unfair to say of Lord Brougham that he was ‘Jack of all trades and master of none’. 1987 O. S. CARD Seventh Son (1988) vi. 47 To have every possible skill.. and to have it in exactly even proportions. Far from being average, the child was extraordinary..Jack of all trades and master of none? Or master of all? 2002 Oxford Times Weekend 9 He is quick to point out that the reverse side of the renaissance man is jack of all trades, who, as we all know, is often considered a master of none. trades and skills Jack see also a GOOD Jack makes a good Jill; all WORK and no play makes Jack a dullboy. JAM tomorrow and jam yesterday, but never jam today 1871 ‘L. CARROLL’ Through Looking-Glass V. ‘The rule is, jam to-morrow and jam yesterday—but never jam to-day.’ ‘It must come sometimes to “jam to-day”,’ Alice objected. ‘No, it can’t,’ said the Queen. 1951 ‘J. WYNDHAM’ Day of Triffids xii. Just put the Americans into the jam-tomorrow-pie-in-the-sky department awhile. 1979 Guardian 9 June 10 The manageress of the launderette calls me darling. .. ‘Jam yesterday, jam tomorrow, but never jam today.’ disappointment jaw (rush of water): see JOUK and let the jaw go by. jest see many a TRUE word is spoken in jest. jewel see FAIR play’s a jewel. Jill see a GOOD Jack makes a good Jill; every JACK has his Jill. job see never send a BOY to do a man’s job; if a THING’S worth doing, it’s worth doingwell. join see if you can’t BEAT them, join them. JOUK and let the jaw go by A Scottish proverb counselling prudent or evasive action when trouble threatens. The

phrase to jouk and let the jaw go by is also found. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 189 Juck [stoop], and let the jaw [rush of water] go o’er you. That is, prudently yield to a present Torrent. 1817 SCOTT Rob Roy II. xii. Gang your ways hame, like a gude bairn—jouk and let the jaw gae by. 1927 J. BUCHAN Witch Wood xv. A man must either jouk and let the jaw go bye, as the owercome [common expression] says, or he must ride the whirlwind. prudence; self-preservation journey see the LONGEST journey begins with a single step. JOVE but laughs at lovers’ perjury C f . HESIOD frag. 124 (M-W), since that time he [sc. Zeus] attached no penalty for men to anoath taken in the secret works of Aphrodite; TIBULLUS Elegies III. vi. 49 periuria ridetamantum Iuppiter, Jupiter laughs at lovers’ perjuries; a 1500 in W. W. Skeat Chaucerian &Other Pieces (1897) 311 Your [lovers’] othes laste No lenger than the wordes ben ago! Andgod, and eke his sayntes, laughe also. c 1550 tr. A. S. Piccolomini’s Lady Lucres E4V Pacorus.. confesseth the faut asketh forgeuenes and . . ryghte well knewe he that Jupyter rather laughethe, then ta-keth angerlye the periuringe of louers. c 1595 SHAKESPEARE Romeo & JulietII. ii. 92 At lovers’ perjuries, They say Jove laughs. 1700 DRYDEN Poems (1958) IV. 1487 Love endures no Tie, And Jove but laughs at Lovers Perjury! 1922 Evening Standard 17 Oct. 5 Perjury in the Divorce Court has been openly permitted to the upper classes for many years, following the maxim..that ‘Jove but laughs at lovers’ perjury.’ 1973 I. MURDOCH Black PrinceIII. 299 Zeus, they say, mocks lovers’ oaths. love No one should be JUDGE in his own cause Cf. the Latin legal maxim: nemo debet esse iudex in propria causa, no one should be judgein his own cause; also 1604 SHAKESPEARE Measure for Measure v. i. 166 In this I’ll beimpartial; be you judge Of your own cause. c 1449 R. PECOCK Repressor of Blaming of Clergy (1860) II. 381 Noman oughte be iuge in his owne cause which he hath anentis [against] his neighbour. 1775 WESLEY Letter 3 Nov. (1931) VI. 186 No man is a good judge in his own cause. I believe I am tolerably impartial. 1928 Times 22 Aug. 9. The principle that no judge could be a judge in

his own case was generally accepted. The chairman of a meeting was in a quasi-judicial capacity. 1981 Daily Telegraph 16 May 18 The maxim that no one should be judge in his own cause. law and lawyers JUDGE not, that ye be not judged With allusion to MATTHEW vii. 1 (AV) Judge not, that ye be not judged. 1481 CAXTON Reynard (1880) xxix. Deme [judge] ye noman, and ye shal not be demed. 1509 H. WATSON Ship of Fools H1 Judge not but yf that ye wyl be judged. 1925 A. CLUTTONBROCK Essays on Life x. The saying, Judge not, that ye be not judged,’ is.. a statement of fact. Nothing makes us dislike a man so much as the knowledge that he is always judging us and all men. 2001 Washington Times 27 Nov. A12 The purpose is neither to gloat, nor to deride nor to humiliate our enemies and adversaries. Indeed, much wisdom and prudence is captured in the biblical injunction, ‘Judge not, that ye be not judged.’ reciprocity; tolerance judge (verb) see also you can’t tell a BOOK by its cover. June see a DRIPPING June sets all in tune. Be JUST before you’re generous 1745 E. HAYWOOD Female Spectator II. VII. 35 There is, I think, an old saying, that we ‘ought to be just before we are generous’. 1780 SHERIDAN School for Scandal IV.i. Be just before you are generous. 1834 MARRYAT Peter Simple I. xi. I owe every farthing of my money. .. There’s an old proverb—be just before you’re generous. 1908 Spectator 4 Apr. 529 A likeable man is tempted to be generous before he is just. 1922 JOYCE Ulysses 521 Bloom—You had better hand over that cash to me to take care of. Why pay more? Stephen—Be just before you are generous. fair dealing JUSTICE delayed is justice denied The idea of a link between delay and denial of justice is an old one (cf. 1215 MAGNACARTA To no man will we sell, or deny, or delay right or justice), but this formulationappears to be modern and mainly US. 1999 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 9 Dec. 6/1 As they say, justice delayed is justice denied,

1999 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 9 Dec. 6/1 As they say, justice delayed is justice denied, an expression that obtains especially in situations where a person may languish in remand prison for three years only to be found innocent of any charge. 2000 Washington Times 31 Dec. B4 Apparently, Mr. Jackson got no satisfaction from his call to Mr. Bush. A few days later, in Los Angeles, Mr. Jackson pronounced Mr. Bush’s presidency ‘a coup d’etat,’ noting ‘justice delayed is justice denied.’ 2001 Washington Times 13 Dec. B1 The inscription on the front of the Alexandria Courthouse, next to the depiction of the tortoise and the hare, reads simply. ‘Justice Delayed is Justice Denied.’ That’s the motto at the ‘rocket docket,’ the federal court known for speed, spies and a winning record for government prosecutors. justice and injusticejustify see the END justifies the means.

K Why KEEP a dog and bark yourself? 1583 B. MELBANCKE Philotimus 119 It is smal reason you should kepe a dog, and barke your selfe. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 81 What? keep a dog and bark my self. That is, must I keep servants, and do my work my self. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 17 ‘Good Miss, stir the Fire’... ‘Indeed your Ladyship could have stirr’d it much better.’.. ‘I won’t keep a Dog and bark myself.’ 1933 A. CHRISTIE Thirteen at Dinner xviii. Why keep a dog and bark yourself? 1999 S. PAWSON Some by Fire vii. 153 ‘I think you want me to start all over again at Edinburgh University and the Sorbonne, but you want me to volunteer because you daren’t ask me yourself.’ ‘That’s about it,’ I admitted. ‘Man with dog never has to bark.’ employers and employees; work KEEP a thing seven years and you’ll always find a use for it 1623 W. PAINTER Palace of Pleasure C5 Things of small value the old proverb say, Wise men seuen yeares will carefully vp lay. 1663 T. KILLIGREW Parson’s Wedding in Comedies & Tragedies (1664) 100 According to the Proverb; Keep a thing seven years, and then if thou hast no use on’t throw’t away. 1816 SCOTT Antiquary II. vi. They say, keep a thing seven year, an’ ye’ll aye find a use for’t. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise xx. ‘I don’t know that I’ve any use for it.’ ‘Use! Use!.. Keep a thing seven years and you’ll always find a use for it!’ thrift KEEP no more cats than will catch mice 1673 J. DARE Counsellor Manners lxii. If thou hast a regard to Thrift, keep no more Cats than will kill Mice. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 350 I will keep no more cats then will catch mice (i.e. no more in family then will earn their living). Somerset. 1710 S. PALMER Proverbs 358 Keep no more Cats than will Catch Mice. Ecquipage and Attendance.. must be agreeable to Character, Dignity and Fortune. 1910 R. KIPLING Rewards & Fairies 73 The King keeps no cats that don’t catch mice. She must sail the seas, Master Dawe. efficiency and inefficiency; work KEEP your own fish-guts for your own sea-maws 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 118 Give your own Sea Maws [gulls] your own

1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 118 Give your own Sea Maws [gulls] your own Fish Guts. If you have any Superfluities give them to your poor Relations, Friends, or Countrymen, rather than to others. 1816 SCOTT Antiquary I. xv. Ye ken my gude-man likes to ride the expresses himsel—we maun gie our ain fish-guts to our ain sea-maws. 1952 ‘P. PIPER’ Death in Canongate (1954) viii. ‘Oh! it makes me a bit sick when you can be so liberal with anyone—’ ‘And not with you. That’s what you are trying to say, isn’t it?’ ‘I suppose so,’ he said, and quoted lugubriously, ‘“Keep your ain fish guts for your ain sea maws.”’ charity; family KEEP your shop and your shop will keep you Parodied by the American actress Mae West (1892–1980) in the 1937 movie Every Day’s aHoliday: I always say, keep a diary and some day it’ll keep you. 1605 G. CHAPMAN et al. Eastward Ho A2V I.. garnished my shop.. with good wholsome thriftie sentences; As, ‘Touchstone, keepe thy shopp, and thy shoppe will keepe thee.’ 1712 ADDISON Spectator 14 Oct. Sir William Turner.. would say, Keep your Shop and your Shop will keep you. 1905 H. G. WELLS Kipps III. iii. A little bell jangled. ‘Shop!’ said Kipps. ‘That’s right. Keep a shop and the shop’ll keep you.’ 1943 S. V. BENET Western Star I. 20 I keep my shop but my shop doth not keep me. Shall I give such chances [of making a fortune] the go-by and walk the roads? 1976 H. KEMELMAN Wednesday Rabbi got Wet vii. ‘When I was home, Dad cared a lot more about the store than he did about me,’ he said bitterly. She nodded. ..’That’s because a store, if you take care of it, it takes care of you. Your father lives from that store, and your grandfather before him.’ efficiency and inefficiency; money keep see also a man is known by the COMPANY he keeps; EXPERIENCE keeps a dearschool; THREE may keep a secret, if two of them are dead; put your TRUST in God, and keepyour powder dry. keeper see FINDERS keepers (losers weepers). keeping see FINDING’S keepings. key see a GOLDEN key can open any door. kick see CORPORATIONS have neither bodies to be punished nor souls to be damned.

kid see the BLEATING of the kid excites the tiger. kill see it is the PACE that kills; it is not WORK that kills, but worry. killed see CARE killed the cat; CURIOSITY killed the cat. KILLING no murder Quot. 1657 is the title of a pamphlet asserting that the assassination of Cromwell, theProtector, would be lawful and laudable. 1657 SEXBY & TITUS (title) Killing noe murder. 1800 M. EDGEWORTH Castle Rackrent p. xliv. In Ireland, not only cowards, but the brave ‘die many times before their death’. There killing is no murder. 1908 Times Literary Supplement 4 June 179 The exception is the share which he took in the conspiracy of Orsini against Napoleon III... It was probably a case to which Holyoake would have applied the doctrine of ‘killing no murder ’. 1961 C. COCKBURN View from West vi. The British.. made, in England, propaganda out of the phrase—attributed to the Irish—’killing no murder’, they were not foolish enough to take their own propaganda seriously. violence killing see also there are more WAYS of killing a cat than choking it with cream; there aremore WAYS of killing a dog than choking it with butter; there are more WAYS of killing adog than hanging it. kind see BETTER a good cow than a cow of a good kind. kindness see feed a DOG for three days and he will remember your kindness for threeyears.. ; with a SWEET tongue and kindness, you can drag an elephant by a hair. The KING can do no wrong Altered to queen when appropriate. Cf. the legal maxim: rex non potest peccare, the kingcan do no wrong; also c 1538 T. STARKEY England in Reign of King Henry VIII (EETS) I. iv.Wyl you make a kyng to have no more powar then one of hys lordys? Hyt ys commynly sayd..a kyng ys aboue hys lawys. a 1654 J. SELDEN Table-Talk (1689) 27 The King can do no wrong, that is no

a 1654 J. SELDEN Table-Talk (1689) 27 The King can do no wrong, that is noProcess [action at law] can be granted against him. 1765 W. BLACKSTONECommentaries on Laws of England i. vii. The King can do no wrong. ..The prerogative ofthe crown extends not to do any injury: it is created for the benefit of the people, andtherefore cannot be exerted to their prejudice. 1888 C. M. YONGE Beechcroft atRockstone II. xxii. ‘So, Aunt Jane is your Pope.’ ‘No; she’s the King that can do nowrong,’ said Gillian, laughing. 1952 ‘M. COST’ Hour Awaits 191 It was very differentwith Augustus. . . We had always expected that. . . In his case, was it not rather a matterof the king can do no wrong. 1981 Times 28 July 14 The Queen [of Holland] has no powerbut some influence. .. ‘The Queen can do no wrong. The ministers are responsible.’rulers and ruledA KING’S chaff is worth more than other men’s corn The sense is explained in quot. 1738. For a similar sentiment, see 1612 T. SHELTON tr.Cervantes’ Don Quixote I. iv. xii. A Kings crumme is more worth then a Lords loafe. Theproverb in the form with chaff seems to be Scottish in origin. a 1628 J. CARMICHAELL Proverbs in Scots (1957) 101 The kings calf [chaff] isworth other mennis corne. 1668 R. B. Adagia Scotica 33 Kings caff is worth other menscorn. 1738 Gentleman’s Mag. VIII. 474 The King’s chaff is worth more than other men’scorn. This.. signifies that even the little perquisites, which attend the King’s service, aremore considerable than standing wages of private persons. 1788 BURNS Letter 16 Aug.(1931) I. 245 The old Scots Proverb says well—’King’s caff is better than ither folks’corn.’ 1817 SCOTT Rob Roy III. vii. They say.. kings’ chaff is better than other folk’scorn, but I think that canna be said O’ kings’ soldiers, if they let themselves be beaten wi’a wheen [few] auld carles. 1957 Times Literary Supplement 13 Sept. 552 A king’s chaff isproverbially better than other men’s corn. employers and employees; value king see also a CAT may look at a king; in the COUNTRY of the blind, the one-eyed manis king; a PECK of March dust is worth a king’s ransom.kingdom see in the COUNTRY of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.KINGS have long armsCf. Gr. rulers’ hands reach a long way; OVID Heroides xvii. annescis longas regibus esse manus? know you not that kings have far-reaching hands?

1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages A4V Kynges haue longe handes. They can brynge in men, they can pluck in thinges, though they be a great weye of. 1578 LYLY Euphues I. 221 Knowest thou not Euphues that kinges haue long armes, and rulers large reches? 1752 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Jan.) Kings haue long Arms, but misfortune longer. 1927 P. B. NOYES Pallid Giant iii. ‘How will you insure Markham’s safety if he takes refuge here?’.. ‘Governments, proverbially, have long arms.’ 1975 D. DUNNETT Checkmate V. x. 536 ‘I would ask you to be very careful . . in your doings when you return to Scotland. I have a long arm.’ ‘Monseigneur: you have no arm at all,’ Lymond said, ‘unless England allows you a sleeve for it.’ justice and injustice; power kirtle see NEAR is my kirtle, but nearer is my smock. kiss see an APPLE-PIE without some cheese is like a kiss without a squeeze. There is always one who KISSES, and one who turns the cheek French in origin: Il y a toujours l’un qui baise, et l’autre qui tend le joue (quoted in EmmaB. Cobb ‘What Did Miss Darrington See?’ in Harper’s Monthly, 1870). 1903 G. B. SHAW Man and Superman 40 Oh, I know you dont care very much about Tavy. But there is always one who kisses and one who only allows the kiss. Tavy will kiss; and you will only turn the cheek. And you will throw him over if anybody better turns up. 1933 J. GALSWORTHY Over the River 267 ‘In your experience, sir, are the feelings of lovers towards each other ever the same?’ ‘I have no experience.’ ‘No experience? You know the French proverb as to there being always one who kisses and the other who offers the cheek to the kiss?’ 1951 N. MONSARRAT Cruel Sea 274 With calm despair, he stirred himself to sum up what was in his mind, what was in his life.. Presently he muttered, aloud: ‘Il y en a toujours l’un qui baise, et l’un qui tourne la joue.’ 2002 M. BYWATER in Independent on Sunday 3 Nov. (online) The French have it that there is always one who kisses, one who turns the cheek; but things change where the heart is concerned, and there’s no guarantee that because you began as cheek-turner you may not end up as the victim of an adamant devotion. love, blighted KISSING goes by favour 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 62 Kissing commeth by fauour. 1621 BURTON Anatomy of Melancholy II. iii. Offices are not alwaies given..for worth. [note] Kissing goes by Favour. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 225 Kissing goes by Favour. Men shew Regard, or do Service, to People as they affect. 1880 BLACKMORE Mary Anerley II. iii.

‘I should like.. to give you one kiss, Insie.’.. Before he could give reason in favour of a privilege which goes proverbially by favour, the young maid was gone. 1929 ‘L. THAYER’ Dead Man’s Shoes i. Kissing goes by favour all along the line. 1976 K. BONFIGLIOLI Something Nasty in Woodshed xii. Tell you what, Jock; you forget to mention hot buttered crumpets to Mrs Mortdecai and I’ll forget to mention about you pinching her caviare. Kissing goes by favour, you know. bribery and corruption kissing see also when the GORSE is out of bloom, kissing’s out of fashion. kitchen see if you don’t like the HEAT, get out of the kitchen. kitten see WANTON kittens make sober cats. knees see BETTER to die on your feet than live on your knees. knew see if YOUTH knew, if age could. knock see OPPORTUNITY never knocks twice at any man’s door. To KNOW all is to forgive all Cf. 1807 MME DE STAÉL Corinne III. XVIII.v. tout comprendre rend tres-indulgent; also1908 E. TERRY Story of my Life 116 I had taken a course for which all blamed me, perhapsbecause they did not know enough to pardon enough—savoir tout c’est tout pardonner. 1864 R. H. HORNE Prometheus the Fire-Bringer 48 To know all, is to forgive. 1952 K. FULLER Silken Cord xv. After all, to know all is to forgive all, as my poor dear father used to say. 1974 ‘H. CARMICHAEL’ Most Deadly Hate xviii. ‘They say to know all is to forgive all,’ Piper said. ‘Except the killing of Arthur Harlow.’ forgiveness; tolerance You should KNOW a man seven years before you stir his fire 1803 C. DIBDIN Professional Life I. p. xi. It is a well-meant saying, that you should know a man seven years before you stir his fire; or, in other words, before you venture at too much familiarity. 1904 V. S. LEAN Collectanea IV. 204 You may poke a man’s fire after you’ve known him seven years, but not before. 1942 A. THIRKELL Marling Hall

iii. ‘Let me get you another drink,’ said David, taking the glass. ‘I know one ought to know people seven years to poke their fires, but I believe it’s less for cocktails.’ 1945 M. SARSFIELD Green December Fills Graveyard iv. 35 ‘I haven’t known you ten years, or whatever the period is, but I’m going to poke your fire.’ familiarityWhat you don’t KNOW can’t hurt you 1576 G. PETTIE Petit Palace 168 Why should I seeke to take him in it?.. So long as I know it not, it hurteth mee not. 1908 E. WALTER Easiest Way III. 66 What a fellow doesn’t know doesn’t hurt him, and he’ll love you just the same. 1979 ‘S. WOODS’ This Fatal Writ 54 ‘No, this is interesting. . . I didn’t know—’ ‘What you don’t know can’t hurt you,’ said Maitland. 1992 A. LAMBERT Rather English Marriage (1993) vi. 115 Everyone’s entitled to their privacy and what you don’t know can’t hurt you. 2001 Times 23 Nov. 20 A little ignorance can go a long way. But what you don’t know will always hurt you. Cleverness is the saving grace of our humanity. ignoranceKNOW thyselfCf. Gr. the motto inscribed on the 6th-cent. BC temple of Apolloat Delphi and quoted by several ancient writers (some attributing it to Solon): see esp.Pausanias x. 24 and Juvenal Satires xi; L. nosce teipsum. 1387 J. TREVISA tr. Higden’sPolychronicon (1865) 1.241 While the cherle smootthe victor, he schulde of te seie to hym in this manere:.. Knowe thyself. 1545 R. ASCHAM Toxophilus II. 36 Knowe thy selfe: that is to saye, learne to knowe what thou arte able, fitte and apt vnto, and folowe that. 1732 POPE Essay on Man II. 1 Know then thyself, presume not God to scan; The proper study of Mankind is Man. 1849 BULWER- LYTTON Caxtons III. XVI. X. ‘Know thyself,’ said the old philosophy. ‘Improve thyself,’ saith the new. 2002 Washington Times 7 Feb. A21 The self-esteem movement is based on simple-minded shibboleths such as ‘Love thyself,’ rather than ‘Know thyself.’ human nature; wisdomYou never KNOW what you can do till you try 1818 COBBETT Year’s Residence in USA II. vi. A man knows not what he can do ‘till he tries. 1890 M. WILLIAMS Leaves of Life I. xiii. On hearing the verdict he.. shouted out: ‘I told you so! You never know what you can do till you try’. 1968 D. FRANCIS Forfeit xiv. ‘Ty, you aren’t fit to drive.’ ‘Never know what you can do till you try.’ boldness

know see also BETTER the devil you know than the devil you don’t know; the FROG inthe well knows nothing of the sea; one HALF of the world does not know how the other halflives; the HUSBAND is always the last to know; come LIVE with me and you’ll know me;MORE people know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows; NECESSITY knows no law; it TAKESone to know one; it’s not WHAT you know, it’s who you know; it is a WISE child that knowsits own father; see also KNEW; KNOWN. knoweth see the FAT man knoweth not what the lean thinketh. KNOWLEDGE is power Similar in form to MONEY is power and similar in sentiment to PROVERBS xxiv. 5 (AV)A man of knowledge increaseth strength. Cf. 1597 BACON De Haeresibus x. nam et ipsascientia potestas est, for knowledge itself is power. 1598 in Bacon Essays 27V Knowledge it selfe is a power whereby he [God] knoweth. 1806 B. RUSH Letter 25 Nov. (1951) II. 935 The well-known aphorism that ‘knowledge is power.’ 1853 BULWER-LYTTON My Novel I. II. iii. He.. said half aloud,—’Well, knowledge is power!’ 2002 Washington Post 11 Mar. A21 The assumption seems to be that if we can explain the powerful forces that control our lives, we become somehow immune to them. Knowledge, as they say, is power. power; wisdom knowledge see also a LITTLE knowledge is a dangerous thing. known see a CARPENTER is known by his chips; a man is known by the COMPANY hekeeps; the TREE is known by its fruit. Who KNOWS most, speaks least 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 189 Who knows most, speaks least. 1996 p. LOVESEY Bloodhounds xxi. 182 ‘Crafty old sod,’ said Mr. Musgrave. .. ‘What’s the old saying? “Who knows most, speaks least.”’ speech and silence The KUMARA does not speak of its own sweetness

Maori proverb warning against self-praise (a kumara is a sweet potato). 2001 He Hinatore Ki Te Ao Maori A Glimpse into Maori World on www.justice.govt.nz Self-praising is an undesirable trait in traditional Maori society. It is synonymous with the expression ‘kaore te kumara e korero mo tona mangaroa—a kumara does not talk about its own sweetness’ ie, self-praise is no recommendation. 2003 speech in New Zealand Parliament 5 Mar. on www.hansard.parliament.govt.nz I tell Mr Cunliffe that there is an old saying in Maoridom: ‘The kumara never tells you how sweet it is.’.. [I]f one is really so good, one does not need to tell the nation, the nation will tell one. But the nation is not saying that. 2004 weblog on www. publicaddress.net 24 Dec. Now, Arihia would kick me if she knew I was writing this. Kaore te kumara e korero mo tona ake reka—it is not for the kumara to speak of its own sweetness, after all. So I thought I’d give you a few tasting notes. She’s a stellar person, a scholar and mentor without match. 2006 ‘What is Maori Patient-Centred Medicine for Pakeha GPs?’ on www.bpac.org.nz Oct. GPs that use their expertise for the good of others, show a sense of humility and are not arrogant about their position, gain particular respect. ‘The kumara does not speak of its own sweetness.’ boasting

L The LABOURER is worthy of his hire With allusion to LUKE x. 7 (AV) The labourer is worthy of his hire. c 1390 CHAUCER Summoner’s Tale 1. 1973 The hye God, that al this world hath wroght, Seith that the werkman worthy is his hyre. 1580 J. BARET Alveary D697 Digna canis pabulo. .. A Prouerbe declaring that the laborer is worthie of his hire: it is taken as well of the labour of the mind, as of the bodie. 1824 SCOTT St. Ronan’s Well I. x. Your service will not be altogether gratuitous, my old friend—the labourer is worthy of his hire. 1980 Times 4 Mar. 7 Forget haggling. .. The labourer is worthy of his hire. 2001 R. HILL Dialogues of Dead ii. 11 Penn had no difficulty squaring his assertion that the labourer was worthy his hire with using Dee as his unpaid research assistant, but the librarian never complained. employers and employees; money; work ladder see CROSSES are ladders that lead to heaven. lady see FAINT heart never won fair lady; FAR-FETCHED and dear-bought is good forladies; the OPERA isn’t over till the fat lady sings. lamb see the BLEATING of the kid excites the tiger; GOD tempers the wind to the shornlamb; one might as well be HANGED for a sheep as a lamb; MARCH comes in like a lion, andgoes out like a lamb. Lancashire see what MANCHESTER says today, the rest of England says tomorrow. Every LAND has its own law a 1628 J. CARMICHAELL Proverbs in Scots no. 469 Everie land hes the laich. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 92 Every land hath its own Laugh, and every Corn its own Caff [chaff]. Every Country hath its own Laws, Customs, and Usages. 1916 British Weekly 2 Nov. 84 ‘Every land’, says the old Scottish proverb, ‘has its ain lauch.’ And every class has its own mode of thought and expression. idiosyncrasy; national characteristics

land see also you BUY land, you buy stones; when HOUSE and land are gone and spent,then learning is most excellent; LEARNING is better than house and land. lane see it is a LONG lane that has no turning. language see a NATION without a language is a nation without a heart. large see a GREAT book is a great evil; LITTLE pitchers have large ears. lark see if the SKY falls we shall catch larks. The LAST drop makes the cup run over Similar in sense to the next proverb. 1655 T. FULLER Church Hist. Britain XI. ii. When the Cup is brim full before, the last (though least) superadded drop is charged alone to be the cause of all the running over. 1855 H. G. BOHN Hand-Book of Proverbs 509 The last drop makes the cup run over. 1876 J. PAYN Halves I. x. An application of her brother-in-law for a five-pound note.. was the last drop that caused Mrs. Raeburn’s cup of bitterness to overflow. 1888 C. M. YONGE Beechcroft at Rockstone I. i. Valetta burst out crying at this last drop that made the bucket overflow. excess It is the LAST straw that breaks the camel’s back The metaphor is also used allusively, especially in the phrase the last straw. 1655J. BRAMHALL Defence of True Liberty of Human Actions 54 It is the last feather may be said to break an Horses back. 1793 in Publications of Colonial Society of Massachusetts (1954) XXXVI. 298 It is certainly true that the last feather will sink the camel. 1848 DICKENS Dombey & Son ii. As the last straw breaks the laden camel’s back, this piece of underground information crushed the sinking spirits of Mr. Dombey. 1876 I. BANKS Manchester Man III. xv. The last straw breaks the camel’s back. 1983 R. BARNARD Case of Missing Bronte iii. ‘This is the picture, as far as we have it,’ he said,.. a sigh in his voice that suggested that the visit of the Prime Minister was the final straw that might break the camel’s back of his professional equilibrium. excess

When the LAST tree is cut down, the last fish eaten, and the last stream poisoned, youwill realize that you cannot eat money Native American saying. 1983 H. WASSERMAN America Born and Reborn 277 ‘When you have polluted the last river,’ goes an Osage saying, ‘when you have caught the very last fish, and when you have cut down the very last tree, it is too bad that then, and only then, will you realize that you can not eat all your money in the bank. 1995 New York Times 17 Aug. (online) ‘A Modest Step to Save the Fish’.. brings to mind a prophecy of the Cree Indians: ‘When the last tree is cut down, the last fish eaten and the last stream poisoned, you will realize that you cannot eat money.’ 2006 L. S. JOUBERT Scorched: South Africa’s Changing Climate 203 Once the last tree is cut and the last river poisoned, you will find that you cannot eat your money. 2007 Sun2Surf 5 Feb. (online) But that may be wishful thinking in the light of the Cree Indian prophecy that ‘only after the last tree has been cut down, the last river poisoned, the last fish caught, will man find that money cannot be eaten’. environment; money last (noun) see let the COBBLER stick to his last; the COBBLER to his last and the gunnerto his linstock. last see also (adjective) there are no BIRDS in last year’s nest; the HUSBAND is alwaysthe last to know; the THIRD time pays for all; (adverb) he LAUGHS best who laughs last; hewho LAUGHS last, laughs longest. lasting see FIRST impressions are the most lasting. late see (adjective) the EARLY man never borrows from the late man; it is NEVER toolate to learn; it is NEVER too late to mend; it is too late to shut the STABLE- door after thehorse has bolted; (adverb) BETTER late than never. LAUGH and the world laughs with you; weep and you weep alone An alteration of the sentiment expressed by HORACE Ars Poetica 101 ut ridentibusarrident, ita flentibus adsunt humani voltus, men’s faces laugh on those who laugh, andcorrespondingly weep on those who weep; cf. ROMANS xii. 15 (AV) Rejoice with them thatdo rejoice, and weep with them that weep.

1883 E. W. WILCOX in Sun (New York) 25 Feb. 3 Laugh, and the world laughs with you; Weep, and you weep alone. For the sad old earth must borrow its mirth, But has trouble enough of its own. 1907 ‘O. HENRY’ Trimmed Lamp 211 Laugh, and the world laughs with you; weep, and they give you the laugh. 1912 ‘SAKI’ Chronicle of Clovis 127 The proverb ‘Weep and you weep alone,’ broke down as badly on application as most of its kind. 1997 Oldie Aug. 27 Laugh, said the little clown, and the world laughs with you. Cry but don’t let anyone catch you at it! 2001 R. HILL Dialogues of Dead xviii. 153 ‘Right joker, this Wordman, ain’t he? What’s it they say? Laugh and the world laughs with you.’ merriment Let them LAUGH that win An older version of the next two proverbs. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I.V. B2 He laught that wynth. a 1596 G. PEELE Clyomon & Clamides F1 But I zay to you my nabor [neighbour].. wel let them laugh that win. 1777 Bonner & Middleton’s Bristol Journal 5 July 3 The old Proverb says, let them laugh that wins.—They glory over us, by saying that our Fund is almost exhausted—that is our look out not theirs. 1873 TROLLOPE Phineas Redux I. xxxvii. ‘You are laughing at me, I know.’ ‘Let them laugh that win.’ success; winners and losers laugh see also JOVE but laughs at lovers’ perjury; LOVE laughs at locksmiths. He LAUGHS best who laughs last See also the two adjacent proverbs. The ‘French proverb’ referred to in quot. 1822 is rirabien qui rira le dernier. c 1607 Christmas Prince (1923) 109 Hee laugheth best that laugheth to the end. 1715 VANBRUGH Country House II. V. Does she play her jests upon me too!—but mum, he laughs best that laughs last. 1822 SCOTT Peveril IV. iii. Your Grace knows the French proverb, ‘He laughs best who laughs last.’ 1980 J. LINSSEN Yellow Pages lii. The mark of greatness is survival. He laughs best who laughs last. 1996 Washington Post 15 Jan. C2 This purchase.. was wildly out of character and the source of endless amusement to those who know me best. . . Well, in the immortal words of Sir John Vanbrugh (1664–1726): He laughs best who laughs last. revenge; winners and losers

He who LAUGHS last, laughs longest A modern development of the preceding proverb. 1912 J. MASEFIELD Widow in Bye Street iv. 66 In this life he laughs longest who laughs last. 1943 J. LODWICK Running to Paradise xxx. He who laughs last laughs longest, and in another four days I was able to look at my mug in the mirror without wincing. 1951 M. DE LA ROCHE Renny’s Daughter ix. ‘We’ll see. He who laughs last, laughs . . ‘ So worked up was Eugene Clapperton that he could not recall the last word of the proverb. revenge; winners and losers LAUGHTER is the best medicine The idea of the beneficial effects of laughter upon the health is an ancient one; e.g.PROVERBS xvii. 22 (AV) A merry heart doeth good like a medicine: but a broken spirit drieththe bones. Older English expressions of the concept include laugh and be fat (attested from1596) and laugh and be well (1737); hence ‘Laughter, the Best Medicine’, the title of a long-running jokes feature in the Reader’s Digest. Cf. the best DOCTORS are Dr Diet, Dr Quiet,and Dr Merryman. 1992 MIEDER Dict. American Proverbs 362 Laughter is the best medicine. 2002 Washington Post 21 Jan. C10 Who could argue with the sage advice that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, . . or laughter is the best medicine? doctors; health; merriment One LAW for the rich and another for the poor 1830 MARRYAT King’s Own I. xi. Is there nothing smuggled besides gin? Now, if the husbands and fathers of these ladies,—those who have themselves enacted the laws,— wink at their infringement, why should not others do so?.. There cannot be one law for the rich and another for the poor. 1913 Spectator 8 Nov. 757 The idea prevails abroad that there is one law for the ‘rich’ Englishman and another for the ‘poor’ foreigner. 1944 A. THIRKELL Headmistress iv. ‘You want one law for the people you think are rich and another law for the people you think are poor,’ I said. ‘Let me advise you to find out which are which before you make a fool of yourself.’ 2001 Spectator 29 Dec. 48 If he gets community service and a suspended sentence the hustlers will be out in force screaming the old ‘one law for the rich, another for the poor’ chestnut. justice and injustice; law and lawyers

law see also HARD cases make bad law; IGNORANCE of the law is no excuse forbreaking it; every LAND has its own law; NECESSITY knows no law; NEW lords, new laws;POSSESSION is nine points of the law; SELF-preservation is the first law of nature. The more LAWS, the more thieves and bandits Attributed to Lao Tzu (c 604-c 531 BC): The more laws and orders are made prominent,The more thieves and bandits there will be (Tao-te Ching lvii. in Wing-Tsit Chan (ed.) SourceBook in Chinese Philosophy (1963), 166. Cf. ARCESILAUS (3rd cent. BC): (in STOBAEUS Florilegium xliii.91); and TACITUS Annals iii. 27 Corruptissima republica plurimae leges, the more corruptthe state the more numerous the laws. 1573 J. SANFORDE Garden of Pleasure 4 Where there are many lawes, there be also or else haue ben many vices. c 1620 MIDDLETON & ROWLEY World Tost at Tennis (Works ed. Bullen VII. 176) The more laws you make The more knaves thrive by’t. 1667 MILTON Paradise Lost xii. 283 So many Laws argue so many sins Among them. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 4663 The more Laws the more offenders. 1766 O. GOLDSMITH Vicar of Wakefield xxvii. The multitude of laws produce new vices, and new vices call for fresh restraints. 2002 Times 19 Mar. 30 Citing the ancient Chinese Lao- tse’s dictum, the more laws, the more thieves and bandits, Norberg insists that ‘the commonest way of corupting a nation through and through is by stipulating permits and controls for production, for imports, for exports and investments’. honesty and dishonesty; law and lawyers A man who is his own LAWYER has a fool for his client 1809 Port Folio (Philadelphia) Aug. 132 He who is always his own counseller will often have a fool for his client. 1850 L. HUNT Autobiography II. xi. The proprietor of the Morning Chronicle pleaded his own cause, an occasion in which a man is said to have ‘a fool for his client’. 1911 British Weekly 21 Dec. 386 There is a popular impression, for which there is a good deal to be said, that a man who is his own lawyer has a fool for his client. 1975 D. BAGLEY Snow Tiger xiii. You must have heard the saying that the man who argues his own case has a fool for a lawyer. 2002 Spectator 30 Mar. 35 The man who is his own lawyer has a fool for a client, and that goes double for retired law lecturers from Newcastle Polytechnic. law and lawyers lawyer see also the DEVIL makes his Christmas pies of lawyers’ tongues and clerks’fingers.

lay see it is easier to RAISE the Devil than to lay him. LAY-OVERS for meddlers An answer to an impertinent or inquisitive child and others. The expression is foundchiefly in the north of England, and in the US. Lay-overs, also contracted to layers or layors,are light blows or smacks given to the meddlesome (but see also quot. 1854). Cf. 1699 B. E.New Dict. Canting Crew s.v. Lare-over, said when the true name of the thing must (indecency) be concealed. 1785 F. GROSE Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue s.v. Lareovers, Lareovers for medlers, an answer frequently given to children.. as a rebuke for their impertinent curiosity. 1854 A. E. BAKER Glossary of Northamptonshire Words & Phrases I. 389 Lay-o’ers-for-meddlers,.. a contraction of lay-overs, i.e. things laid over, covered up, or protected from meddlers. 1882 NODAL & MILNER Glossary of Lancashire Dialect 179 ‘What have yo’ getten i’ that bag?’ ‘Layers-for-meddlers—does ta want to know?’ 1936 M. MITCHELL Gone with Wind xxxii. When they asked who was going to lend the money she said: ‘Layovers catch meddlers,’ so archly they all laughed. 1945 B. MILLHAUSER Whatever goes Up xv. ‘Know his address?’ ‘I certainly do. Ninety-seven Gramercy Park North, New York.’ She closed the door firmly. ‘Layovers for meddlers,’ she muttered. busybodies; curiosity lazy see LONG and lazy, little and loud. If you are not the LEAD dog, the view never changes Canadian saying. 1990 Reauthorization of the Export Administration Act: Hearings before the Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy (United States Congress) (online) None of us should relish the hardly comic prospect of the US crying from the back of the cocom pack, ‘Follow me.’ As any dog-sledder will tell you, if you’re not the lead dog, the scene never changes. 1999 Discount Store News 22 Feb. (online) He makes his point perfectly clear with a distinctly Canadian metaphor. ‘If you’re not the lead dog of a sled, the view never changes.’ 2007 New York Times 11 Feb. (online) But Mr. Rau said action in Suffolk to stem scrap thefts could be a national model. ‘If you are not the lead dog, the view is always the same,’ he said. ‘Let’s take the problem on.’ ambition

lead see when the BLIND lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch; CROSSES areladders that lead to heaven; all ROADS lead to Rome. leak see LITTLE leaks sink the ship. lean see the FAT man knoweth not what the lean thinketh. leap see LOOK before you leap. learn see LIVE and learn; it is NEVER too late to learn; NEVER too old to learn; we mustlearn to WALK before we can run; don’t go near the WATER until you learn how to swim. LEARNING is better than house and land Similar in sentiment to when HOUSE and land are gone and spent, then learning is mostexcellent. 1773 D. GARRICK in Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer A3V When ign’rance enters, folly is at hand; Learning is better far than house and land. 1800 M. EDGEWORTH Castle Rackrent 191.. thanked my stars I was not born a gentleman to so much toil and trouble—but Sir Murtagh took me up short with his old proverb, ‘learning is better than house or land.’ 1859 J. R. PLANCHÉ Love & Fortune 8 ‘Learning is better than house and land.’ A fact that I never could understand. 1939 Daily Mail (Hagerstown, Maryland) 16 Mar. 19 (advertisement) Learning is better than house and land. And learning about the offers among the Classified Ads will show you where to save money in buying house and land. learning; property learning see also when HOUSE and land are gone and spent, then learning is mostexcellent; a LITTLE knowledge is a dangerous thing; there is no ROYAL road to learning. LEAST said, soonest mended c 1460 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains of Early Popular Poetry (1864) III. 169 Who sayth lytell he is wyse..And fewe wordes are soone amend. 1555 J. HEYWOOD Two Hundred Epigrams no. 169 Lyttle sayde, soone amended. a 1641 D. FERGUSSON Scottish

Proverbs (STS) no. 946 Littl said is soon mended. 1776 T. COGAN John Buncle, Junior I. vi. Mum’s the word; least said is soonest mended. 1818 SCOTT Heart of Midlothian I. vi. A fine preaching has he been at the night.. but maybe least said is sunest mended. 1960 MISS READ Fresh from Country xii. A quiet word.. should.. stop any further talebearing, and I really think it’s a case of ‘least said, soonest mended.’ 1992 A. LAMBERT Rather English Marriage (1993) xvii. 289 He was tempted to go down and confront her, . . but he knew he was in the wrong. Least said, soonest mended: no good creating a fuss now. discretion; speech and silence; tact least see also IDLE people have the least leisure; who KNOWS most, speaks least. There is nothing like LEATHER Also used literally. 1692 R. L’ESTRANGE Fables of Aesop cccxlviii. There was a council of mechanics called to advise about the fortifying of a city. .. Up starts a currier [a person who dressed and coloured leather]; Gentlemen, says he, wheny’ave said all that can be said, there’s nothing in the world like leather. 1837 F. PALGRAVE Merchant & Friar iv. King Log [the birch] was.. forgotten. .. ‘Depend upon it, Sir, there is nothing like leather.’ 1892 I. ZANGWILL Big Bow Mystery vi. Besides, meat might have reminded him too much of his work. There is nothing like leather, but Bow beefsteaks occasionally come very near it. 1909 Votes for Women 22 Oct. 63 Nothing like leather for Suffragettes’ wear.—Miss M. Roberta Mills makes Ties, Bags, Belts, [etc.]. 1935 V. S. PRITCHETT (title) Nothing like leather. 1937 C. ST. JOHN SPRIGG Six Queer Things v. 115 Morgan had a leathery mind. There was no subtlety or sharpness about it, but it was tough. .. No amount of discouragement or error wore it out. There is nothing like leather. strength and weakness leave see LET well alone. leg see there goes more to MARRIAGE than four bare legs in a bed; everyoneSTRETCHES his legs according to the length of his coverlet. leisure see the BUSIEST men have the most leisure; IDLE people have the least leisure;there is LUCK in leisure; MARRY in haste and repent at leisure. lemon see if LIFE hands you lemons, make lemonade.

LEND your money and lose your friend 1474 CAXTON Game of Chess (1883) III. iv. 112 And herof speketh Domas the philosopher and sayth that my frende borrowed money of me And I haue lost my frende and my money attones [simultaneously]. 1600–1 SHAKESPEARE Hamlet I. iii. 75 Neither a borrower nor a lender be; For loan oft loses both itself and friend. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs Lend your Money, and lose your Friend. It is not the lending of our Money that loses our Friend; but the demanding it again. 1960 H. SLESAR Enter Murderers xiii. You know what they say about lending money, it’s a sure way to lose friends. borrowing and lending; friends. lend see also DISTANCE lends enchantment to the view. lender see neither a BORROWER nor a lender be. LENGTH begets loathing 1742 C. JARVIS Don Quixote II. II. ix. The rest I omit, because length begets loathing. a 1895 F. LOCKER-LAMPSON My Confidences (1896) 43 ‘Length begets loathing.’ I well remember the sultry Sunday evenings when..we simmered through Mr. Shepherd’s long-winded pastorals. brevity and long-windedness length see also everyone STRETCHES his legs according to the length of his coverlet. lengthen see as the DAY lengthens, so the cold strengthens. The LEOPARD does not change his spots With allusion to JEREMIAH xiii. 23 (AV) Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or theleopard his spots? A L. equivalent to this proverb is lupus pilum mutat, non mentem, the wolfchanges his coat, not his nature. 1546 J. BALE First Examination of Anne Askewe 38 Their olde condycyons wyll they change, whan the blackemoreœne change hys skynne, and the catte of the moun- tayne [leopard] her spottes. 1596 SHAKESPEARE Richard II I. i. 174 Rage must be

withstood. . . Lions make leopards tame.—Yea, but not change his spots. 1869 A. HENDERSON Latin Proverbs 317 Pardus maculas non deponit, a leopard does not change his spots. 1979 J. SCOTT Clutch of Vipers iv. He always was a dirty old man.. and the leopard doesn’t change his spots. 1997 Washington Times 24 July C16 Although he swears he has changed, leopards don’t usually change their spots, especially those who don’t cooperate in counseling. change; human nature LESS is more 1855 R. BROWNING Andrea del Sarto 1. 78 in Poems (1981) I. 645 Well, less is more, Lucrezia: I am judged. 1947 P. JOHNSON Mies van der Rohe 49 As in architecture, [Mies] has always been guided by his personal motto, ‘less is more.’ 1984 O. BANKS Caravaggio Obsession III. iii. Anyway, he spent years furnishing it with precious, ornamental works of art. This was in the twenties and thirties, when ‘less is more’ was the golden rule. 1989 Time 20 Feb. 108 What Chiat and his associates seem to be betting on is that there is a mass market of low-income, style-conscious people who have grasped the hip message that less is more. 2001 Washington Times 3 Aug. A17 It was as if the pink flamingos had been taken off a Florida lawn, the sequins off Dolly Parton’s cowgirl costume, the fins off a ‘50s Cadillac .. There are times when less is blessedly more. moderation less see also of two EVILS choose the less; more HASTE, less speed. LET well alone Well is normally considered here as a noun (’what is well’), rather than an adverb. Theproverb is also frequently found in the form leave well alone. c 1570 Scoggin’s Jests (1626) 76 The shomaker thought to make his house greater. .. They pulled downe foure or fiue postes of the house. .. Why said Scoggin, when it was well you could not let it alone. 1740 G. CHEYNE Essay on Regimen p. xxxvi. When a Person is tolerably well, and is subject to no painful or dangerous Distemper, I think it his Duty..to let Well alone. 1822 M. EDGEWORTH Letter 12 Jan. (1971) 317 Joanna quoted to me the other day an excellent proverb applied to health: ‘Let well alone.’ 1829 T. L. PEACOCK Misfortunes of Elphin ii. This immortal work.. will stand for centuries. .. It is well: it works well: let well alone. 1985 R. R. IRVINE Ratings are Murder xx. I don’t think it’s ever a good idea to tamper with tradition. Leave well enough alone, I say. 2002 Washington Post 17 May B6 From what I can tell, most people are members of the ‘Let’s Leave Well Enough Alone’ and ‘If It Ain’t Broke, Don’t Fix It’ clubs. busybodies; content and discontent

let see also let the COBBLER stick to his last; let the DEAD bury the dead; let themLAUGH that win; LIVE and let live; let SLEEPING dogs lie; SPARE at the spigot, and let outat the bung-hole; never let the SUN go down on your anger. leveller see DEATH is the great leveller. A LIAR ought to have a good memory Cf. QUINTILIAN Institutio Oratoria IV. ii. mendacem memorem esse oportet, a liar oughtto have a good memory. a 1542 T. WYATT in Poetical Works (1858) p. xxxvii. They say, ‘He that will lie well must have a good remembrance, that he agree in all points with himself, lest he be spied.’ c 1690 R. SOUTH Twelve Sermons (1722) IV. 167 Indeed, a very rational Saying, That a lyar ought to have a good Memory. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 50 A Lyar should have a good Memory. Lest he tell the same Lye different ways. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise xiii. ‘A liar ought to have a good memory,’ they would say. 1999 C. HITCHENS No One Left To Lie To (2000) i. 19 Just as the necessary qualification for a good liar is a good memory, so the essential equipment of a would-be lie detector is a good timeline, and a decent archive. lying libel see the GREATER the truth, the greater the libel. lick see if you can’t BEAT them, join them. A LIE is halfway round the world before the truth has got its boots on The speed with which falsehood travels was a classical commonplace; e.g. VIRGIL Aeneidiv. 174 Fama, malum qua non aliud velocius alium, Rumour, than whom no other evil thing isfaster. This whole passage was imitated by Shakespeare in the Induction to Henry IV, Pt. 2(1597–8). 1859 C. H. SPURGEON Gems from Spurgeon 74 It is well said in the old proverb, ‘a lie will go round the world while truth is pulling its boots on’. 1996 National Review 6 May 6 ‘A lie is halfway round the world before the truth has got its boots on.’ But, eventually, truth gets booted and spurred, and the lie gets a good licking. 2002 Times 21

a 1607 T. DELONEY Gentle Craft (1648) I. XV. Thus love you see can finde a way, To make both Men and Maids obey. 1661 ‘T. B.’ (title) Love will finde out the way. 1765 in T. Percy Reliques III. III. 236 Over the mountains, And over the waves;.. Love will find out the way. 1962 ‘S. NASH’ Killed by Scandal ix. But he’s so fond of June that I’m sure it’s going to be all right. Love will find a way. 1975 Listener 16 Oct. 504 The red- plush curtain fell on a reprise of ‘Love will find a way’. love love see also (noun) the COURSE of true love never did run smooth; all’s FAIR in loveand war; when the FURZE is in bloom, my love’s in tune; LUCKY at cards, unlucky in love;MONEY is the root of all evil; it is best to be OFF with the old love before you are on with thenew; PITY is akin to love; when POVERTY comes in at the door, love flies out of the window;PRAISE the child, and you make love to the mother; the QUARREL of lovers is the renewal oflove; (verb) EVERYBODY loves a lord; whom the GODS love die young. loved see BETTER to have loved and lost, than never to have loved at all. Lovell see the CAT, the rat, and Lovell the dog, rule all England under the hog. lover see JOVE but laughs at lovers’ perjury; the QUARREL of lovers is the renewal oflove. There is LUCK in leisure It is often advisable to wait before acting. 1683 G. MERITON Yorkshire Dialogue 9 There’s luck in Leizur. 1859 ‘SKITT’ Fisher’s River vii. Thinks I, ‘There’s luck in leisure,’ as I’ve hearn folks say. ..So I jist waited a spell. 1936 J. ESTEVEN While Murder Waits xxii. ‘You.. won’t decide now?’.. ‘There’s luck in leisure, Victoria.’ patience and impatience; procrastination There is LUCK in odd numbers A superstition similar to that in THIRD time lucky. Cf. VIRGIL Eclogues viii. 75 numerodeus impare gaudet, the god delights in an uneven number. 1598 SHAKESPEARE Merry Wives of Windsor v. i. 3 This is the third time; I hope good luck lies in odd numbers. 1837 S. LOVER Rory O’More I. (title-page) ‘There’s luck

in odd numbers,’ says Rory O’More. 1883 J. PAYN Thicker than Water I. i. She was . . by no means averse to a third experiment in matrimony. . . ‘There was luck in odd numbers.’ 1963 N. FITZGERALD Day of Adder i. You can make that five then. ..There’s luck in odd numbers. luck; superstition luck see also the DEVIL’S children have the Devil’s luck; DILIGENCE is the mother ofgood luck; FOOLS for luck; see a PIN and pick it up, all the day you’ll have good luck. LUCKY at cards, unlucky in love The idea is present in 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation iii. 213 Well, Miss, you’ll have a sad Husband, you have such good Luck at Cards. 1866 T. W. ROBERTSON Society II. ii. ‘I’m always lucky at cards!’.. ‘Yes, I know an old proverb about that. .. Lucky at play, unlucky in—.’ a 1871- Play (1889) III. ii. Unlucky in love, lucky at cards. 1941 P. CHEYNEY Trap for Bellamy iv. ‘Lucky at cards, unlucky in love.’.. I’m going to find out if the proverb’s true. .. What are they playing tonight? 1981 Oxford Mail 29 Aug. 5 Arthur and Hilda Cover have defied the old proverb by being lucky at cards and lucky in love. 2003 Times 1 Jan. 30 You had never believed the phrase ‘lucky in cards, unlucky in love’ until that night when you were the victim of a drive-by shooting from a jealous ex-girlfriend shortly after being dealt a full house. love; luck lucky see also it is BETTER to be born lucky than rich; THIRD time lucky. lunch see there’s no such thing as a FREE lunch.

M Where MACGREGOR sits is the head of the table The proverb is sometimes attributed to Robert MacGregor of Campbell (’Rob Roy’: 1671–1734), highland freebooter. Other names are used as well as MacGregor. The idea is explainedin the two following quots.: 1580 LYLY Euphues & his England II. 39 When.. Agesilaussonne was set at the lower end of the table, and one cast it in his teeth as a shame, heanswered: this is the vpper end where I sit; 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 4362 That is theupper End, where the chief Person sits. 1837 EMERSON American Scholar 19 Wherever Macdonald [the head of the Mac- donald clan] sits, there is the head of the table. Linnaeus makes botany the most alluring of studies and wins it from the farmer and the herb-woman. 1903 K. D. WIGGIN Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm viii. If wherever the MacGregor sat was the head of the table, so.. wherever Rebecca stood was the centre of the stage. 1918 A. G. GARDINER Leaves in Wind 197 There are.. people who carry the centre of the stage with them. .. ‘Where O’Flaherty sits is the head of the table.’ 1940 J. W. BELLAH Bones of Napoleon 69 Like Macdonald—where Lord Innes sat was the head of the table. 1980 Times 12 May 15 (letter from His Honour Judge MacGregor) Sir, Where MacGregor sits is the head of the table. honour; pride Don’t get MAD, get even 1975 J. F. KENNEDY in B. Bradlee Conversations with Kennedy 25 Some of the reasons have their roots in that wonderful law of the Boston Irish political jungle: ‘Don’t get mad; get even.’ 1990 Evening Standard 28 Feb. 13 Nancy Reagan made more than $2 million from her ‘don’t get mad, get even’.. memories. 2001 Washington Times 25 May A22 The episode was especially moving inasmuch as forgiveness is not in the Kennedy tradition. JFK was the author of the famous dictum, ‘Don’t get mad, get even.’ revenge mad see also whom the GODS would destroy, they first make mad. made see GOD made the country, and man made the town; PROMISES, like piecrust, aremade to be broken; RULES are made to be broken; also MAKE.

Mahomet see if the MOUNTAIN will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet must go to themountain. MAKE hay while the sun shines 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. iii. A4 Whan the sunne shynth make hey. 1583 B. MELBANCKE Philotimus 24 Yt is well therefore to make hay while the sunne shines. 1835 J. CARLYLE Letters & Memorials (1883) 1.21 ‘It is good to make hay while the sun shines,’ which means, in the present case.. to catch hold of a friend while she is in the humour. 1924 E. BAGNOLD Serena Blandish vi. The countess’s enthusiasm was cooling. Martin . . said warningly, ‘You must make hay, my child, while the sun shines.’ 1999 ‘H. CRANE’ Miss Seeton’s Finest Hour xii. 100 ‘Our local garage must have made a fortune out of me since this blackout nonsense began. .. Mind you,’ the doctor added in a noncommittal voice, ‘I imagine they think of it more along the lines of making hay while the sun shines..’ opportunity, taken As you MAKE your bed, so you must lie upon it Cf. late 15th-cent. Fr. comme on faict son lict, on le treuve, as one makes one’s bed, so onefinds it. c 1590 G. HARVEY Marginalia (1913) 88 Lett them.. go to there bed, as themselues shall make it. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 340 He that makes his bed ill, lies there. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 16 As you make your bed, so you lye down. According to your Conditions you have your Bargain. 1832 S. WARREN Diary of Late Physician II. vi. As soon as his relatives.. heard.. they told him.. that as he had made his bed, so he must lie upon it. 1921 A. P. HERBERT House by River v. There’s no doubt she was out with one of them.. and went further than she meant, . . but if you make your bed you must lie on it. 1997 Spectator 29 Nov 14 Your mother says serves you right, you’ve made your bed and now you lie on it, I never liked him. action and consequence make see also you cannot make BRICKS without straw; CLOTHES make the man; makeHASTE slowly; if you don’t make MISTAKES you don’t make anything; you cannot make anOMELETTE without breaking eggs; you can’t make a SILK purse out of a sow’s ear. male see the FEMALE of the species is more deadly than the male. Mammon see you cannot serve GOD and Mammon.

MAN cannot live by bread alone With allusion to two biblical passages (both AV): DEUTERONOMY viii. 3 Man doth notlive by bread only, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the Lord doth manlive; MATTHEW iv. 4 Man shall not live by bread alone. 1875 EMERSON in North American Review May-June 418 Man does not live by bread alone, but by faith, by admiration, by sympathy. 1927 J. BUCHAN Witch Wood iii. Man canna live by bread alone, but he assuredly canna live without it. 1973 Galt Toy Catalogue 35 As the saying goes—Man cannot live by bread alone. food and drink; life Whatever MAN has done, man may do There is a similar idea behind 1723 S. CRANSTON in G. S. Kimball Correspondence ofColonial Governors of Rhode Island (1902) I.9 But as the Proverb is what hath been may beagaine. 1863 C. READE Hard Cash II. xiv. ‘Dark Deeds are written in an unknown tongue called “Lawyerish” .. ; pick it out if you can.’ ‘Whatever man has done man may do,’ said Dr. Sampson stoutly. 1910 ‘SAKI’ Reginald in Russia 14 I fell in love.. with the local doctor’s wife. . . On looking back at past events it seems to me that she must have been distinctly ordinary, but I suppose the doctor had fallen in love with her once, and what man has done man can do. possibility and impossibility A MAN is as old as he feels, and a woman as old as she looks Both parts of the proverb are sometimes used on their own (see also quot. 1990). 1871 V. LUSH Thames Journal 27 Aug. (1975) 114 She is always making me out so much older than I am and that’s not fair, for a man is only as old as he feels and a woman is only as old as she looks. 1891 W. MORRIS News from Nowhere iii. ‘How old am I, do you think?’ ‘Well,’ quoth I, ‘I have always been told that a woman is as old as she looks. 1907 Illustrated London News 25 May 794 The adage that a man is as old as he feels, and a woman as old as she looks, may be said to contain much inherent truth. 1990 ‘C. AIRD’ Body Politic (1991) xi. 123 ‘He might still marry.’ Sloan was bracing. ‘A man is only as old as he feels.’ men and women; old age

MAN is the measure of all things Cf. PROTAGORAS in Plato Cratylus vi. man is themeasure of all things. 1547 W. BALDWIN Morall Phylosophie III. xvi. O6V Man is the measure of allthynges. 1631 G. CHAPMAN Warres of Pompey & Caesar II . E2 As of all things, man issaid the measure, So your full merits measure forth a man. 1948 ‘H. BESTON’ NorthernFarm xii. ‘Man the measure of all things’. A good adage. 1980 Times Greece Supplement15 Dec. p. iv. The belief that man was the measure of all things . . led the Greeks into . .new disciplines. human natureMAN proposes, God disposes Cf. early 14th-cent. Fr. car se li homme mal propose, Diex.. le dispose, for if man proposesevil, God.. disposes of it; c 1420 T. A KEMPIS De Imitatione Christi I.XIX. homo proponit,sed Deus disponit (see quot. c 1450 below). c1440 J. LYDGATE Fall of Princes (EETS) I. 3291 A man off malice may a thyngpurpose.. But God a-boue can graciousli dispose [determine] Ageyn such malice to makeresistence. c 1450 tr. T. à Kempis’ De Imitatione Christi (EETS) I. xix. For man purposithand god disposith. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 1 Man Proposeth, Goddisposeth. 1853 R. C. TRENCH On Lessons in Proverbs (ed. 2) iii. A proverb . . Manproposes, God disposes . . that every nation in Europe possesses. 1958 L. DURRELLMountolive iv. 88 In diplomacy one can only propose, never dispose. That is up to God,don’t you think? 1997 Times 9 Aug. 8 God’s will is not something to be commanded;recall the saying ‘Man proposes, God disposes’. fate and fatalism; providenceMAN’S extremity is God’s opportunity 1629 T. ADAMS Works 619 Heere is now a deliuery fit for God, a cure for theAlmightie hand to vndertake. Mans extremity is Gods opportunitie. 1706 LD.BELHAVEN in Defoe Hist. Union (1709) v. 34 Man’s Extremity is God’s opportunity. . .Some unforeseen Providence will fall out, that may cast the Ballance. 1916 E. A.BURROUGHS Valley of Decision viii. In the first winter of the war.. we were all muchencouraged by tales of a new thirst for religion among the majority of the men. .. ‘Man’sextremity, God’s opportunity.’ 1949 D. SMITH I capture Castle xiii. ‘You should look in

on the church if ever you’re mentally run down.’.. ‘You mean “Man’s extremity is God’s opportunity”?’ 1980 Times 4 Dec. 17 Those extremities which have, until now, been often God’s opportunity. necessity; opportunity Because a MAN is born in a stable that does not make him a horse Sometimes attributed to the Duke of Wellington (1769–1852); see quot. 1969. 1833 M. SCOTT Tom Cringle’s Log I. iv. ‘I am an Englishman and no traitor, nor will I die the death of one.’.. ‘Truly.. a man does sometimes become a horse by being born in a stable.’ 1906 Times Literary Supplement 27 Apr. 147 Except on the principle that the man who is born in a stable is a horse, [he] was not an Irishman at all. 1969 E. LONGFORD Wellington: Years of Sword viii. If Wellington was ever chaffed for being an Irishman and replied with a notorious quip, it was probably during this period [1807]: Because a man is born in a stable that does not make him a horse. 1980 J. O’FAOLAIN No Country for Young Men ii. Father Casey.. has a theory that the Irish back in Ireland have less claim to Irishness than men like himself. Something to do with.. being born in a stable not necessarily making you a horse. human nature; origins man see also BETTER be an old man’s darling, than a young man’s slave; a BLIND man’swife needs no paint; never send a BOY to do a man’s job; the CHILD is father of the man;CLOTHES make the man; in the COUNTRY of the blind, the one-eyed man is king; DO rightand fear no man; a DROWNING man will clutch at a straw; the EARLY man never borrowsfrom the late man; every ELM has its man; EVERY man for himself; EVERY man forhimself, and devil take the hindmost; EVERY man for himself, and God for us all; EVERYman has his price; EVERY man is the architect of his own fortune; EVERY man to his taste;EVERY man to his trade; it’s ill speaking between a FULL man and a fasting; a HUNGRYman is an angry man; you should KNOW a man seven years before you stir his fire; a manwho is his own LAWYER has a fool for his client; one man’s LOSS is another man’s gain;MANNERS maketh man; like MASTER, like man; one man’s MEAT is another man’s poison;MONEY makes a man; a MONEYLESS man goes fast through the market; NEEDLES andpins,.. when a man marries, his trouble begins; NINE tailors make a man; NO man can servetwo masters; NO man is a hero to his own valet; NO moon, no man; there is NOTHING sogood for the inside of a man as the outside of a horse; the RICH man has his ice in the summerand the poor man gets his in the winter; give a man ROPE enough and he will hang himself;SIX hours’ sleep for a man, seven for a woman, and eight for a fool; one man may STEAL ahorse, while another may not look over a hedge; the STYLE is the man; TIME and tide waitfor no man; man fears TIME, but time fears the pyramids; for WANT of a nail the shoe waslost; the WAY to a man’s heart is through his stomach; a WILFUL man must have his way;when the WIND is in the east, ‘tis neither good for man nor beast; a WOMAN without a manis like a fish without a bicycle; a YOUNG man married is a young man marred; also MEN.

What MANCHESTER says today, the rest of England says tomorrow The proverb occurs in a variety of forms. Quot. 1902 sets it in its historical context: theCorn Law, restricting the importation of foreign corn, was abolished in 1846, and Manchester(formerly part of Lancashire), considered the home of free trade, was in the forefront of thecampaign against restrictive legislation. 1898 R. KIPLING Day’s Work 51 What the horses o’ Kansas think to-day, the horses of America will think to-morrow; an’ I tell you that when the horses of America rise in their might, the day o’ the Oppressor is ended. 1902 V. S. LEAN Collectanea 1.116 What Lancashire thinks to-day all England will think to-morrow. This was in the days of the Anti-Corn-Law League. Since then the initiative in political movements proceeds from Birmingham. 1944 C. MILBURN Journal 24 Aug. in Diaries (1979) xiii. Manchester rang its bells yesterday—a day before St. Paul’s.. thus justifying its words, so often used: ‘What Manchester says today, the rest of England says tomorrow!’ 1980 Listener 6 Mar. 300 What Manchester does today—. . is the old boast that ‘What Manchester does today London thinks tomorrow.’ imitation; opinions; public opinion Manchester see also YORKSHIRE born and Yorkshire bred, strong in the arm and weakin the head. MANNERS maketh man William of Wykeham (1324–1404), bishop of Winchester and chancellor of England, wasthe founder of Winchester College and New College, Oxford (see also quot. a 1661). c 1350 Douce MS 52 no. 77 Maner makys man. c 1450 in Archiv (1931) CLIX. 88 Maners and clothying makes man. 1509 A. BARCLAY Ship of Fools 118 An old prouerbe.. Sayth that good lyfe and maners makyth man. a 1661 T. FULLER Worthies (Hants.) 3 Manners makes a man, Quoth William Wickham. This generally was his Motto, inscribed frequently on the places of his Founding. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 246 Meat feeds, Cloth cleeds, but Manners makes the Man. ..Good Meat, and fine Cloaths, without good Breeding, are but poor Recommendations. 1824 BYRON Don Juan xv. xviii. The difference is, that in days of old Men made the manners; manners now make men. 1983 R. BARNARD Case of Missing Bronte vi. Gracious little twit. The idea that manners makyth man clearly went out of the educational system before he went into it. manners

manners see also EVIL communications corrupt good manners; OTHER times, othermanners. manure see MONEY, like manure, does no good till it is spread. MANY a little makes a mickle The proper version of the next proverb. Pickle, a Scottish word for ‘a small quantity oramount’, is also found instead of little. Mickle (‘a great quantity or amount’) is now onlyScottish. a 1250 Ancrene Wisse (1962) 32 Thys ofte as me seith, of lutel muchel waxeth. c 1390 CHAUCER Parson’s Tale 1. 361 The proverbe seith that ‘manye smale maken a greet.’ 1545 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages (ed. 2) G5 We commonly say in englyshe: Many a lyttle maketh a great. 1614 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain (ed. 2) 310 Many a little makes a mickle. 1822 CARLYLE in J. A. Froude Life (1884) I. xii. ‘Many a little makes a mickle.’ It will be a long.. and weary job, but I must plod along. 1905 Westminster Gazette 29 Apr. 3 ‘There is the Tithe Relief. .. But that is a small item.’ ‘Yes, but many a pickle maks a muckle.’ 1979 C. COLVIN Maria Edgeworth in France & Switzerland 196 Many a pickle (or little) makes a mickle. great and small MANY a mickle makes a muckle A popular corruption of the preceding entry. This alternative form is in fact nonsensical, asmuckle is merely a variant of the dialectal mickle ‘a large quantity or amount’. 1793 G. WASHINGTON Writings (1939) XXXII. 423 A Scotch addage, than which nothing in nature is more true . . ‘many mickles make a muckle.’ 1940 Huntly Express 19 Jan. 3 He said at the close of his address ‘As the Scots say, and they should know, mony a mickle mak’s a muckle.’ . . As the Scots know, he had quoted the proverb wrongly. 1993 ‘C. AIRD’ Going Concern (1994) i. 5 Amelia’s mind had gone off at a complete tangent, trying to work out however many Puckles there must be in the firm. The old saw about thrift came into her mind: ‘Many a mickle makes a muckle. .. ‘ Could it be a case of many a client making a Puckle? great and small There’s MANY a slip between cup and lip

Cf. CATO THE ELDER in Aulus Gellius Noctes Atticae XIII. xviii. 1 (saepe audivi) interos atque offam multa intervenire posse, (I have often heard) that many things can comebetween mouth and morsel; PALLADAS (attrib.) in Anthologia Palatina x. 32 there are many things between the cup andthe edge of the lip. 1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages 15 Many thynges fall betwene the cuppe and the mouth. .. Betwene the cuppe and the lyppes maye come many casualties. 1783 in Collections of Massachusetts Hist. Society (1877) 5th Ser. II. 216 Have a care, and remember the old proverb of’many a slip,’ &c. 1840 R. H. BARHAM Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 280 Doubtless the adage, ‘There’s many a slip ‘Twixt the cup and the lip,’ hath reference to medicine. 1979 E. KYLE Summer Scandal xiii. ‘I thought you were here for life.’.. ‘There’s many a slip between cup and lip.’ disappointment; error MANY are called but few are chosen With allusion to MATTHEW xxii. 14 (AV) For many are called, but few are chosen. 1871 J. S. JONES Life J. S. Batkins xxviii. The saying that ‘many shall be called, but few chosen.’ 1980 P. VAN GREENAWAY Dissident iii. ‘Many are called.. but few are chosen.’ He’s right. Those of us conscious of our destinies may fairly be termed ‘elitistes’. choice; fate and fatalism MANY hands make light workCf. HESIOD Works & Days 380 more hands mean morework; ERASMUS Adages II. iii. 95 multae manus onus levius reddunt, many hands make aburden lighter. c 1330 Sir Beves (EETS) 1. 3352 Ascopard be strong and sterk [physicallypowerful], Mani hondes maketh light werk! 1678 S. BUTLER Hudibras III. ii. MostHands dispatch apace, And make light work, (the proverb says). 1721 J. KELLY ScottishProverbs 244 Many Hands make light Work. Because it is but little to every one. 1923Observer 11 Feb. 9 What is the use of saying that ‘Many hands make light work’ whenthe same copy-book tells you that ‘Too many cooks spoil the broth’? 2002 B. D’AMATOWhite Male Infant i. 16 Tony immediately began to prepare the bone marrow..Hisassistant..simultaneously ran up smears with less usual stains . . Many hands make lightwork. assistance; work

many see also there’s many a GOOD tune played on an old fiddle; many a TRUE word isspoken in jest; many go out for WOOL and come home shorn. MARCH comes in like a lion, and goes out like a lamb The weather is traditionally wild at the beginning of March, but fair by the end. a 1625 J. FLETCHER Wife for Month (1717) II. i. ‘I would chuse March, for I would come in like a Lion.’ . . ‘But you’d go out like a Lamb when you went to hanging.’ 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 41 March hack ham [hackande = annoying] comes in like a lion, goes out like a lamb. 1849 C. BRONTE Shirley II. iv. Charming and fascinating he resolved to be. Like March, having come in like a lion, he purposed to go out like a lamb. 1906 E. HOLDEN Country Diary of Edwardian Lady (1977) 25 March has come in like a lamb with a warm wind . . from the South-west. 2002 Times 2 Mar. 26 ‘When March comes in like a lion, it goes out like a lamb’ goes the old folklore saying.. The reverse, however, is also true, and the saying continues: ‘When March comes in like a lamb, it goes out like a lion,’ which does not bode well for us this year. weather lore March see also APRIL showers bring forth May flowers; on the FIRST of March thecrows begin to search; so many MISTS in March, so many frosts in May; a PECK of Marchdust is worth a king’s ransom. march see an ARMY marches on its stomach. mare see the GREY mare is the better horse; MONEY makes the mare to go; NOTHINGso bold as a blind mare. market see BUY in the cheapest market and sell in the dearest; a MONEYLESS man goesfast through the market. MARRIAGE is a lottery 1642 T. FULLER Holy State III. xxii. Marriage shall prove no lottery to thee, when the hand of providence chuseth for thee, who, if drawing a blank, can turn into a prize by sanctifying a bad wife unto thee. 1875 S. SMILES Thrift xii. ‘Marriage is a lottery.’ It may be so, if we abjure the teachings of prudence. 1939 F. SULLIVAN Sullivan at Bay 14

What is marriage?.. Marriage is a lottery. luck; marriage There goes more to MARRIAGE than four bare legs in a bed c1549 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. viii. B1 In house to kepe household, whan folks wyll wed, Mo thyngs belong, than foure bare legs in a bed. 1623 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain (ed. 3) 273 Longs more to marriage then foure bare legges in a bed. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 84 Consider, Mr. Neverout, Four bare Legs in a Bed; and you are a younger Brother. 1958 in M. L. Wolf Dict. Painting p. vii. As the old proverb has it, ‘there goes more to marriage than four bare legs in a bed.’ marriage marriage see also DREAM of a funeral and you hear of a marriage; HANGING andwiving go by destiny. MARRIAGES are made in heaven 1567 W. PAINTER Palace of Pleasure xxiii. True it is, that marriages be don in Heaven and performed in earth. 1580 LYLY Euphues & his England II. 223 Mariages are made in heauen, though consumated in yearth. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 78 They say, Marriages are made in Heaven; but I doubt, when she was married, she had no Friend there. 1932 S. GIBBONS Cold Comfort Farm i. I prefer the idea of arrangement to that other statement, that marriages are made in Heaven. 1980 ‘S. WOODS’ Weep for Her 187 She’s a sentimental sort who believes marriages are made in heaven. marriage married see a YOUNG man married is a young man marred. Never MARRY for money, but marry where money is 1870 TENNYSON Northern Farmer, New Style in The Holy Grail 163 Doànt thou marry for munny, but goa wheer munny is! 1968 ‘W. HAGGARD’ Cool Day for Killing ii. He’d have heard the ancient saw. Never marry for money, but marry where money is. 1991 Bookseller 16 Aug. 403 ‘Never marry money but go where money is.’ For the book as an entity to make news consistently, it must go where news is consistently made—as with the royal family. marriage; money MARRY in haste and repent at leisure

This formula can be applied to rash steps other than marriage: e.g. 1998 Spectator 10 Jan.6 All modern governments legislate in haste and repent at leisure. A frequent recent variant isact in haste, repent at leisure: e.g. 1998 Times 26 Jan. 21 ‘Act in haste, repent at leisure’would be a poor epitaph for the UK’s presidency [of the EU]. 1568 E. TILNEY Duties in Marriage B4 Some haue loued in post hast, that afterwards haue repented them at leysure. 1615 J. DAY Festivals x. Marrying in hast, and Repenting by leasure. 1734 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (May) Grief often treads upon the heels of pleasure, Marry’d in haste, we oft repent at leisure. 1872 W. STIRLING-MAXWELL Works (1891) VI. xvii. ‘Marry in haste and repent at leisure’ is a proverb that may be borne in mind with advantage in the choice of a party as well as of a wife. 2002 National Review 11 Mar. 28 One might with justice adapt the old proverb about marriage to the adorning of the skin in this savage fashion: Tattoo in haste, repent at leisure. haste; marriage; regrets MARRY in May, rue for aye Some earlier related proverbs are also illustrated below. There are a number of old beliefsabout the malign influence of this month, e.g. MAY chickens come cheeping. Cf. OVID Fastiv. 489 si te proverbia tangunt, mense malum Maio nubere volgus ait, if proverbs influenceyou, the common people say it is bad luck to marry in May. 1675 Poor Robin’s Almanack May, The Proverb saies.. Of all the Moneths ‘tis worst to Wed in May. 1821 J. GALT Annals of Parish vi. We were married on the 29th day of April.. on account of the dread that we had of being married in May, for it is said, ‘Of the marriages in May, The bairns die of a decay.’ 1879 W. HENDERSON Notes on Folk-Lore of Northern Counties (rev. ed.) i. The ancient proverb still lives on the lips of the people of Scotland and the Borders—Marry in May, Rue for aye. 1913 E. M. WRIGHT Rustic Speech xiii. May.. is an evil month for marriage. .. Marry in May, you’ll rue it for aye, is a Devonshire saying. 1981 Observer Magazine 28 June 27 On weddings and engagements we are told that May is an unlucky month for getting married, ‘Marry in May, rue for aye.’ calendar lore; marriage; regrets marry see also BETTER to marry than to burn. martin see the ROBIN and the wren are God’s cock and hen.

martyr see the BLOOD of the martyrs is the seed of the Church. mass see MEAT and mass never hindered man. Like MASTER, like man Man here is in the sense of ‘servant’. The female equivalent is like mistress like maid. Cf.PETRONIUS Satyricon lviii. qualis dominus, talis et servus, as is the master, so is the servant;early 14th-cent. Fr. lon dit a tel seigneur tel varlet, it is said, for such a lord such amanservant. 1530 J. PALSGRAVE L’éclaircissement de la Langue Française 120V Suche maystre suche man. 1538 T. ELYOT Dict. s.v. Similes, A lewde [foolish] servaunt with an yll master. .. Lyke master lyke man. 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote II.X. The Prouerbe be true that sayes, ‘like master, like man’, and I may add, ‘like lady, like maid’. Lady Hercules was fine, but her maid was still finer. 1979 M. G. EBERHART Bayou Road iv. ‘Like master, like man,’ Marcy’s father had said bitterly .. of the disappearance of an entire set of Dresden plates. 1990 ‘C. AIRD’ Body Politic (1991) xii. 131 ‘I’m sorry,’ said Miss Finch, ‘but she just doesn’t like men.’ Like mistress, like maid, was what Sloan’s grandmother would have said to that, but Sloan himself, wise in his own generation, kept silent. employers and employees master see also the EYE of a master does more work than both his hands; FIRE is a goodservant but a bad master; JACK is as good as his master; JACK of all trades and master ofnone; NO man can serve two masters. What MATTERS is what works 1998 Department of Transport, Environment, and the Regions Modernising Local Government: Improving Local Services through Best Value ii. 9 There is no reason why services should be delivered directly if other more efficient means are available. What matters is what works. 2001 Spectator 3 Nov. 22 Given that the unions had all bought into ‘what matters is what works’, it struck me as confrontational. efficiency and inefficiency MAY chickens come cheeping

The proverb literally means that the weakness of chickens born in May is apparent fromtheir continual feeble cries. 1868 A. HISLOP Proverbs of Scotland 223 May birds are aye cheeping. This refers to the popular superstition against marrying in.. May, the children of which marriages are said to ‘die of decay’. 1895 S. O. ADDY Household Tales II. viii. Children born in the month of May require great care in bringing up, for ‘May chickens come cheeping.’ calendar lore; misfortune May see also APRIL showers bring forth May flowers; ne’er CAST a clout till May beout; MARRY in May, rue for aye; so many MISTS in March, so many frosts in May; SELL inMay and go away; a SWARM in May is worth a load of hay; SWEEP the house with broom inMay, you sweep the head of the house away. may see he that WILL not when he may, when he will he shall have nay. means see the END justifies the means; he who WILLS the end, wills the means. MEASURE seven times, cut once Russian proverb, originally referring to carpentry and needlework, meaning that care takenin preparation will prevent errors; cf. MEASURE twice, cut once and THINK twice, cut once. 1853 W. FELGATE trans. Tapparelli d’Azeglio, Marchese Massimo Maid of Florence 213 ‘However, measure seven times before you cut once.’ ‘The more I think of it, the more do I repent not having done it.’ 1920 ‘Moscow wireless message’ in Times 2 July (online) If the small Powers, attentive to the policy of the Great Powers, willingly play the part of pulling the chestnuts out of the fire for them, they are destined to burn their fingers severely.. At the proper moment, the Great Powers will, without any ceremony, betray their little agents . . ‘Let Finland measure seven times, before cutting off the piece!’ 1990 New York Times 1 June (online) Boris Yeltsin has been accusing the present regime of half-measures when drastic action is needed, while ‘Measure seven times, cut once’ is the go-slow Gorbachev adage. 2004 posting on www.eng.yabloko.ru 13 Aug. Putin, they said, is not interested in thrashing around aimlessly. Before launching radical reforms, he will measure seven times and cut seven times. Now, sadly, it must be noted that the ‘warming-up period’ was wasted after all. caution MEASURE twice, cut once

Widely associated with carpentry. A similar sentiment is THINK twice, cut once. 1901 Manitoba Morning Free Press 15 Nov. 7 (advertisement)’Measure twice, cut but once.’ Experiment till you find the uniformly good make of shoe—the shape, size and width you need. Then stick to it—don’t speculate. 1964 Cedar Rapids Gazette, 29 Mar. 20E Accurate measurements are the backbone of good construction. There’s an old saying among carpenters that if you measure twice, you will have to cut only once. 1992 Independent 22 Oct.14 Ross Perot said the key to reducing the deficit will be to measure twice and cut once. Boy, too bad his barber didn’t follow that advice. 2000 Houston Chronicle 10 Aug. 29 ‘My dad always taught me: “Measure twice, cut once,”.. .‘Someone forgot to measure twice here.’ 2005 posting on www.pipeline.corante.com 16 Mar. This law of mine comes down to the old advice of ‘Measure Twice, Cut Once.’ It’s a hard rule to remember, when you’ve got a box of saws and the wood is just sitting there, daring you to have at it. caution There is MEASURE in all things Similar to MODERATION in all things. HORACE Satires I. i. 106 est modus in rebus,there is measure in things. c 1385 CHAUCER Troilus & Criseyde II. 715 In every thyng, I woot, there lith mesure [moderation]. 1598–9 SHAKESPEARE Much Ado about Nothing II. i. 59 If the prince be too important, tell him there is measure in every thing. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 131 There is a measure in all things. 1910 R. KIPLING Rewards & Fairies 84 There’s no clean hands in the trade. But steal in measure. .. There is measure in all things made. 1942 A. THIRKELL Marling Hall iii. ‘Good God, mamma dear,’ said Oliver. ‘You cannot throw old governesses together like that. There is measure in everything.’ 1958 M. RENAULT King must Die II. i. One expects some fooling when they bring the bridegroom, but there is measure in everything. moderation measure see also MAN is the measure of all things. MEAT and mass never hindered man a 1628 J. CARMICHAELL Proverbs in Scots no. 134 A mease [mess = serving] of meat hinderit never man. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 273 Meat and mat-tens hinder no mans journey. 1641 D. FERGUSSON Scottish Proverbs (STS) no. 644

Meat and masse never hindred no man. 1817 SCOTT Rob Roy III. ii. ‘What the devil are ye in sic a hurry for?’ said Garschattachin; ‘meat and mass never hindered wark.’ 1893 R. L. STEVENSON Catriona I. xix. Meat and mass never hindered man. The mass I cannot afford you, for we are all good Protestants. But the meat I press on your attention. Christianity; food and drink One man’s MEAT is another man’s poison Cf. LUCRETIUS De Rerum Natura IV. 637 quod ali cibus est aliis fuat acre venenum,what is food to one person may be bitter poison to others. c 1576 T. WHYTHORNE Autobiography (1961) 203 On bodies meat iz an otherz poizon. 1604 Plato’s Cap B4 That ould moth-eaten Prouerbe.. One mans meate, is another mans poyson. a 1721 M. PRIOR Dialogues of Dead (1907) 246 May I not nauseate the food which you Covet; and is it not even a Proverb, that what is meat to one Man is Poyson to another. 1883 TROLLOPE Autobiography x. It is more true of novels than perhaps of anything else, that one man’s food is another man’s poison. 1986 J. S. SCOTT Knife between Ribs xvi. ‘I don’t see what he sees in her.’ ‘One man’s meat is another man’s poison.’ 2000 Washington Post 9 Mar. C2 If one man’s meat is another man’s poison, then by the same token one man’s joke is another man’s snooze. idiosyncrasy; taste meat see also you BUY land you buy stones; GOD never sends mouths but He sends meat;GOD sends meat, but the Devil sends cooks; the NEARER the bone, the sweeter the meat. medicine see LAUGHTER is the best medicine. meddler see LAY-OVERS for meddlers. Do not MEET troubles halfway There are a number of sayings along similar lines, e.g. never TROUBLE trouble tilltrouble troubles you. Cf. SENECA Epistle XIII.X. quid iuvat dolori suo occurrere? what helpis it to run out to meet your troubles?; 1598–9 SHAKESPEARE Much Ado about Nothing I. i.82 Are you come to meet your trouble? The fashion of the world is to avoid cost, and youencounter it. 1896 J. C. HUTCHESON Crown & Anchor xvi. I can’t see the use of anticipating the

1896 J. C. HUTCHESON Crown & Anchor xvi. I can’t see the use of anticipating the worst and trying to meet troubles halfway. 1940 M. SADLEIR Fanny by Gaslight III. ii. What happens when she goes?.. Do not meet troubles half way. .. When need arises we will see what can be done. 1980 G. THOMPSON Murder Mystery xx. Don’t go meeting trouble half-way. There might just be something we can do. misfortune meet see also never BID the Devil good morrow until you meet him; EXTREMES meet;when GREEK meets Greek then comes the tug of war. melts see the same FIRE that melts the butter hardens the egg. memory see a LIAR ought to have a good memory. So many MEN, so many opinions C f . TERENCE Phormio II. iv. quot homines tot sententiae, so many men, so manyopinions; mid 14th-cent. Fr. que tant de testes, tant de sens, so many heads, so many opinions. c 1390 CHAUCER Squire’s Tale 1. 203 As many heddes, as manye wittes ther been. 1483 Vulgaria abs Terencio Q3V Many men many opinyons. Euery man has his guyse. 1692 R. L’ESTRANGE Fables of Aesop ccclviii. So many Men, so many Minds; and this Diversity of Thought must necessarily be attended with Folly, Vanity, and Error. 1754 RICHARDSON Grandison VI. xx. Doctors differ. So many persons, so many minds. 1924 ‘A. CARP’ Augustus Carp, Esq. xii. They were all those things, and they would remember the old saying, so many men, so many opinions. idiosyncrasy; opinions men see also the BEST-laid schemes of mice and men gang aft agley; the BEST of menare but men at best; BRAVE men lived before Agamemnon; the BUSIEST men have the mostleisure; DEAD men don’t bite; DEAD men tell no tales; GOOD men are scarce; whenTHIEVES fall out, honest men come by their own; THREATENED men live long; oneVOLUNTEER is worth two pressed men; YOUNG men may die, but old men must die. mend see it is NEVER too late to mend; when THINGS are at the worst they begin tomend. mended see LEAST said, soonest mended.

mending see a WOMAN and a ship ever want mending. mention see never mention ROPE in the house of a man who has been hanged. merrier see the MORE the merrier. It is MERRY in hall when beards wag all c 1300 King Alisaunder (EETS) 1.1164 Swithe [so] mury hit is in halle, When the burdes wawen alle! 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. vii. 13V It is mery in halle, When berds wag all. 1598 SHAKESPEARE Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. iii. 35 Be merry, be merry, my wife has all. .. ‘Tis merry in hall when beards wag all. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation ii. 170 Come; they say, ‘Tis merry in Hall, when Beards wag all. 1857 TROLLOPE Barchester Towers III. iv. ‘’Twas merry in the hall when the beards wagged all;’ and the clerical beards wagged merrily.. that day. 1976 ‘J. DAVEY’ Treasury Alarm i. Presumably this is how the Treasury greybeards get their fun. Are they in fact grey- bearded. One rather assumes a great wagging of beards: ’tis merry in hall when beards wag all.? hospitality; merriment merry see also a CHERRY year, a merry year; EAT, drink, and be merry... Merryman see the best DOCTORS are Dr Diet, Dr Quiet, and Dr Merryman. mice see the BEST-laid schemes of mice and men gang aft agley; it doesn’t matter if aCAT is black or white, as long as it catches mice; a CAT in gloves catches no mice; when theCAT’S away, the mice will play; KEEP no more cats than will catch mice. mickle see MANY a little makes a mickle; MANY a mickle makes a muckle. midge see the MOTHER of mischief is no bigger than a midge’s wing. midnight see one HOUR’S sleep before midnight is worth two after. mid-stream see don’t CHANGE horses in mid-stream.

MIGHT is right C f . PLATO Republic I. 338c for I [Thrasymachus] say that justice is nothing else than the interestof the stronger; LUCAN Pharsalia 1. 175 mensuraque iuris vis erat, might was the measure ofright. a 1327 in T. Wright Political Songs (1839) 254 For miht is right, the lond is laweless. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II.V. H2V We se many tymes myght ouercomth ryght. 1790 J. TRUSLER Proverbs Exemplified 78 The law is so expensive. ..Might too often overcomes right. 1892 J. NICHOL Carlyle iv. [In] Chartism. . he clearly enunciates ‘Might is right’—one of the few strings on which . . he played through life. 1979 Guardian 17 May 24 By adult examples, pupils are being taught such evil doctrines as ‘Might is right’. 2001 Times 7 Nov. 16 All this means is that in politics, as in war, might is right. justice and injustice; power mightier see the PEN is mightier than the sword. mighty see a REED before the wind lives on, while mighty oaks do fall. mile see a MISS is as good as a mile. milk see why buy a COW when milk is so cheap?; it is no use CRYING over spilt milk. The MILL cannot grind with the water that is past 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 151 The water that is past, cannot make the mill goe. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 153 The mill cannot grind with the water that’s past. 1856 R. C. TRENCH Poems 197 Oh seize the instant [present] time; you never will With waters once passed by impel the mill. 1980 G. RICHARDS Red Kill xiv. It did no good to think back. The mill cannot grind with the water that is past, as the old people in the mountains used to say. opportunity, missed; past mill see also all is GRIST that comes to the mill. The MILLS of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceeding small

Quoted in SEXTUS EMPIRICUS Against Professors I. 287 the mills of the gods are late to grind, but they grind small. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 747 Gods Mill grinds slow, but sure. 1870 LONGFELLOW Poems (1960) 331 Though the mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceeding small; Though with patience he stands waiting, with exactness grinds he all. 1942 ‘F. BEEDING’ Twelve Disguises i. That’s my business. .. The mills of God grind slowly, but they grind exceeding small. 1989 R. HART Remains to be Seen vii. Military record keepers were like the mills of God. They ground slow, and exceeding small, but only at their own pace. justice and injustice; retribution mind see the EYES are the window of the soul; GREAT minds think alike; LITTLE thingsplease little minds; OUT of sight, out of mind; TRAVEL broadens the mind. The age of MIRACLES is past 1599 SHAKESPEARE Henry V I. i. 67 It must be so; for miracles are ceas’d; And therefore we must needs admit the means How things are perfected. 1602— All’s Well that Ends Well II. iii. 1 They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical persons to make modern and familiar things supernatural and causeless. 1840 CARLYLE On Heroes & Hero Worship iv. The Age of Miracles past? The Age of Miracles is for ever here! 1988 J. MORTIMER Rumpole and Age of Miracles (1989) 108 ‘A total victory,’ I agreed. ‘The Age of Miracles is not past.’ marvels mischief see the MOTHER of mischief is no bigger than a midge’s wing. MISERY loves company Now predominantly current in the United States. Cf. mid 14th-cent. L. gaudium est miserissocios habuisse penarum, it is a comfort to the wretched to have companions in woes; a 1349R. ROLLE Meditations on Passion in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 101 It issolace to haue companie in peyne. 1578 LYLY Euphues I. 238 In miserie Euphues it is a great comfort to haue a companion. 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote II. xiii. If that which is commonly spoken be true, that to haue companions in misery is a lightner of it, you may

comfort me. 1775 T. GILBERT Letter 4 May in W. B. Clark et al. Naval Documents of American Revolution (1964) I. 279 All my Letters are inter septed by those Rebels who want Every one to be kept in Dark like themselves. (Misery Loves Company). 1851 H. D. THOREAU Journal 1 Sept. (1949) II. 440 If misery loves company, misery has company enough. 2002 Washington Post 21 Aug. F1 The question is how to salvage a difficult season. Refusing to open our depressing 401 (k) statements may work for a little while, but most of us need something more emotionally nourishing. (And besides, misery loves company.) 2005 J. VAN DE RUIT Spud (2006) 315 Fatty reckons that Geoff Lawson is suicidal because of Amanda and Emberton. I laughed loudly—misery loves company. malice; misfortune MISFORTUNES never come singly Cf. early 14th-cent. Fr. ung meschief ne vient point seul, a misfortune does not come alone. c 1300 King Alisaunder (EETS) 1.1276 Men telleth in olde mone [lament] The qued [harm] comuth nowher alone. 1509 A. BARCLAY Ship of Fools 236 Wyse men sayth, and oft it fallyth so..That one myshap fortuneth neuer alone. 1622 J. MABBE tr. Aleman’s Guzman d’Alfarache I. iii. Misfortunes seldome come alone. 1711 J. ADDISON Spectator 8 Mar. The Lady. . said to her Husband with a Sigh, My Dear, Misfortunes never come single. 1791 T. BURR Letter 27 July in M. L. Davis Memoirs of Aaron Burr (1836) I. 301 We certainly see the old proverb very often verified. ‘That misfortunes never come singly,’ that poor little woman is a proof. 1894 BLACKMORE Perlycross II. vii. As misfortunes never come single, the sacred day robbed him of another fine resource. 1931 ‘L. CHARTERIS’ Wanted for Murder v. Blessings, like misfortunes, never come singly. There was even a packet of Havana cigarettes.. behind the bath salts. 1981 G. MITCHELL Death-Cap Dancers v. ‘The car.. skidded and hit a tree.’ ‘Misfortunes never come singly. misfortune A MISS is as good as a mile The syntax of the proverb has been distorted by abridgement: the original structure isapparent from quot. 1614. 1614 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain (ed. 2) 303 An ynche in a misse is as good as an ell [a former measure of length equal to about 1.1 m]. 1655 T. FULLER Hist. Cambridge 37 An hairs breadth fixed by a divine-finger, shall prove as effec-tuall a separation from danger as a miles distance. 1788 American Museum Apr. 382 A miss is as good as a mile. 1825 SCOTT Journal 3 Dec. (1939) 28 He was very near being a poet— but a miss is as good as a mile, and he always fell short of the mark. 1978 T. SHARPE

Throwback vii. If you aimed at a grouse it was hit or miss and a miss was as good as a mile. errorYou never MISS the water till the well runs dry a 1628 J. CARMICHAELL Proverbs in Scots no. 1140 Manie wats [know] not quhairof [whereof] the wel sauris [tastes] quhill [until] it fall drie. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (British) 24 Of the Well we see no want, till either dry, or Water skant. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 351 We’ll never know the worth of Water ‘till the well go dry. 1874 H. LINN You never miss Water 5 Do not let your chances, like sunbeams pass you by; For you never miss the water till the well runs dry. 1996 Washington Times 18 July A6 ‘There is an old adage,’ Sen. Robert Byrd.. recalled this week, ‘that “you never miss the water until the well runs dry.”’ blessings; gratitude and ingratitudemiss see also what you’ve never HAD you never miss; a SLICE off a cut loaf isn’t missed.If you don’t make MISTAKES you don’t make anything 1896 CONRAD Outcast of Islands III. ii. It’s only those who do nothing that make no mistakes, I suppose. 1925 Times 9 Nov. 17 The comforting assurance that ‘a man who never makes mistakes never makes anything.’ 1980 M. DRABBLE Middle Ground 86 If you don’t make mistakes you don’t make anything, she said, a motto which Hugo seemed to remember having seen pinned over the desk. error; riskmistress see like MASTER, like man.So many MISTS in March, so many frosts in May 1612 A. HOPTON Concordancy of Years xxx. Some say, so many mistes in March, so many hoare frosts after Easter. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 344 So many frosts in March so many in May. 1978 R. WHITLOCK Calendar of Country Customs iii. Many old country beliefs are not content with generalities but strive to be more precise. A well-known proverb is: So many mists in March, So many frosts in May. weather loremixen see BETTER wed over the mixen than over the moor.

MODERATION in all things A more recent formulation of the idea contained in there is MEASURE in all things. TheLatin word modus can be translated as either ‘moderation’ or ‘measure’, but the former seemsto be gaining currency at the expense of the latter, possibly because ‘measure’ has severalmeanings and so could be misunderstood. HESIOD Works & Days 1. 694 observe due measure; moderation is best in allthings; PLAUTUS Poenulus 1. 238 modus omnibus rebus.. optimus est habitu, moderation inall things is the best policy. 1849 H. MELVILLE Mardi II. lxxvii. I am for being temperate in these things. .. All things in moderation are good; whence, wine in moderation is good. 1879 W. H. G. KINGSTON tr. Swiss Family Robinson ii. ‘Oh, father, sugar canes. .. Do let us take a lot home to mother.’.. ‘Gently there. .. Moderation in all things.’ 1980 S. T. HAYMON Death & Pregnant Virgin ii. Norfolk.. [is] on the same scale I am. No Niagaras, no hills higher than hills.. ought to be. Moderation in all things. 2002 Times Creme 3 July 5 It can hardly be described as good for you.. but all things in moderation, as they say. moderation Monday see Monday’s CHILD is fair of face. MONEY can’t buy happiness A recurrent theme in invectives against materialism down the ages, but this formulation ofit appears to be comparatively recent. 1856 G. C. BALDWIN Representative Women 215 Gold cannot buy happiness, and parents who compel their daughters to marry for money, or station, commit a grievous sin against humanity and God. 1873 E. KELLOGG Arthur Brown vii. 118 ‘I had rather have friends who love me for my own sake . . than all the money in the world.’ ‘Money won’t buy happiness, Walter.’ 1984 ANON. in R. Byrne Other 637 Best Things Anybody Ever Said (1985) I. no. 220 Whoever said money can’t buy happiness didn’t know where to shop. 2002 Washington Post 19 June C15 (Blondie comic strip)’Bumstead, your problem is that you worry too much about money. Money can’t buy happiness, you know.’ ‘Has it bought you happiness, boss?’ ‘Yeah, but that’s just me!’ happiness; money MONEY has no smell

L. non olet, it [money] does not smell. Titus, son of the Roman emperor Vespasian, hadcriticized a tax on public lavatories. Vespasian held a coin from the first payment to his son’snose and asked him whether the smell was offensive. Titus said no. Vespasian replied ‘And yetit comes from urine’ (Suetonius Vespasian xxiii). 1914 ‘E. BRAMAH’ Max Carrados 45 The Romans, Parkinson, had a saying to the effect that gold carries no smell. That is a pity sometimes. What jewellery did Miss Hutchins wear? 1922 A. BENNETT Mr. Prohack iii. The associations of the wealth scarcely affected him. He understood in the flesh the deep wisdom of that old proverb.. that money has no smell. 1940 R. CHANDLER Farewell, my Lovely xxxiv. He punched the cash-register and dropped the bill into the drawer. They say money don’t stink. I sometimes wonder. 2002 Times 20 Feb. 3 Mr Justice Jacob.. asked rhetorically: ‘Should procurers, pimps, panders.. pay VAT? That is the question on this appeal.. In this case, as the Latin poet [sic] said, pecunia non olet—money doesn’t smell. I allow the appeal.’ money MONEY isn’t everything 1922 Vanity Fair Sept. 39 (heading) Money Isn’t Everything. 1927 E. O’NEILL Marco Millions iii. Money isn’t everything, not always. a 1947 F. THOMPSON Still glides Stream (1948) ii. He said quite angrily that money was not everything, there was the satisfaction of knowing you’d turned out a good job. 1975 J. I. M. STEWART Young Pattullo xv. If one owns property one can always have a little money follow one around. But we all know that money isn’t everything. 2007 Times2 5 July 7 Ah yes, he said glumly, but the hours are relentless, the people dismal and the work very dull. Besides . . money isn’t everything. money MONEY is power A more worldly alternative to KNOWLEDGE is power. 1741 N. AMES Almanack 4 Laws bear Name, but Money has the Power. 1789 F. AMES Letter 16 May in Works (1854) I. 39 Money is power, a permanent revenue is permanent power, and the credit which it would give was a safeguard to the government. 1818 M. EDGEWORTH Letter 13 Oct. (1971) 115 Now he had money ‘and money is power’. 1930 MEANS & THACKER Strange Death of President Harding iv. One can do nothing—be nothing, without money, not even in the White House. Money is power. 1980 J. O’FAOLAIN No Country for Young Men i. The lads would have to have.. money if they were to get guns. .. Money was power. money; power

MONEY is the root of all evil Cf. I TIMOTHY vi. 10 (AV) The love of money is the root of all evil. Both the biblicaloriginal and the shorter version are current. c 1000 AELFRIC Homilies (1843) I. 256 Seo gytsung is ealra yfelra thinga wyrtruma [covetousness is the root of all evil things]. c 1449 R. PECOCK Repressor of Blaming of Clergy (1860) II. 555 Loue to money.. is worthi to be forborn.. as Poul seith, it is ‘the roote of al yuel’. 1616 J. WITHALS Dict. (rev. ed.) 546 Riches are the root of all euill. 1777 in L. H. Butterfield et al. Adams Family Correspondence (1963) II. 345 Many have been loth to believe.. That Money is the Root of all Evil. 1858 TROLLOPE Dr. Thorne I. xii. ‘But, doctor, you’ll take the money.’.. ‘Quite impossible.. ‘ said the doctor,.. valiantly rejecting the root of all evil. 1978 W. L. DEANDREA Killed in Ratings ii. Magazines have got these funny little sayings. . . Here’s one. ‘Money is the root of all evil.. but that’s one evil I’m rooting for.’ 2001 R. HILL Dialogues of Dead xliii. 355 ‘Anyway there we have it, a dollar sign and a Roman coin. I suppose it could be some kind of statement about money being the root of all evil?’ good and evil; money MONEY, like manure, does no good till it is spread 1625 F. BACON ‘Of Seditions and Troubles’ in Essays 85 Money is like muck; not good except it be spread. 1816 W. MAVOR English Spelling-Book (ed. 198) 103 Money, like manure, does no good till it is spread. 2001 Las Vegas Review-Journal 7 Oct. (electronic ed.) ‘Jack always says,’ Wagner recalled, ‘money’s like manure. You’ve got to spread it around in your company to make things grow. money MONEY makes a man Cf. L. divitiae virum faciunt, wealth makes the man. a 1500 in R. L. Greene Early English Carols (1935) 263 Yt ys allwayes sene now- adayes That money makythe the man. a 1661 T. FULLER Worthies (Hants.) 3 We commonly say.. In the Change [Exchange], Money makes a man, which puts him in a solvable condition. 1828 BULWER-LYTTON Pelham I. xxxiv. The continent only does for us English people to see. . . Here, you know, ‘money makes the man.’ 1920 D. H. LAWRENCE Letter 7 May (1962) I. 629 Money maketh a man; even if he was a monkey to start with. 1950 C. E. VULLIAMY Henry Plumdew 203 I doubt whether he understands the place of money in vulgar estimation. . . Money maketh man. money

MONEY makes money 1572 T. WILSON Discourse upon Usury 54V Mony getteth money. a 1654 J. SELDEN Table-Talk (1689) 57 ‘Tis a vain thing to say, Money begets not Money; for that no doubt it does. 1776 A. SMITH Wealth of Nations I. I. ix. Money, says the proverb, makes money. When you have got a little, it is often easy to get more. 1865 DICKENS Our Mutual Friend III. v. We have got to recollect that money makes money, as well as makes everything else. 1935 A. CHRISTIE Miss Marple’s Final Cases (1979) 60 Everything she did turned out well. Money made money. 1988 C. H. SAWYER J. Alfred Prufrock Murders v. Well.. maybe she made some clever investments? But no, she would have had to have money to begin with—it takes money to make money, my husband always said. moneyMONEY makes the mare to go a 1500 in R. L. Greene Early English Carols (1935) 262 In the heyweyes [highways] ther joly [spirited] palfreys Yt [money] makyght to.. praunce. 1573 J. SANFORDE Garden of Pleasure 105V Money makes the horsse to goe. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 122 It’s money makes the mare to go. 1748 RICHARDSON Clarissa IV. 187 A leading man in the House of Commons, is a very important character; because that house has the giving of money: And Money makes the mare to go. 1930 L. MEYNELL Mystery at Newton Ferry xiii. ‘Tis money makes the mare go. . . They’re all after it, every one of them. 1978 Countryman Spring 193 Weardale farmer’s advice to daughter about to reject a proposal of marriage from a wealthy tradesman: ‘Never cock your snoop at money, my lass, ‘cos it’s money that makes the mare to go. moneyMONEY talksMeaning that money has influence. 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 179 Man prates, but gold speaks. 1681 A. BEHN Rover II. III. i. Money speaks in a Language all Nations understand. 1903 Saturday Evening Post 5 Sept. 12 When money talks it often merely remarks ‘Good-by’. 1915 WODEHOUSE Something Fresh iii. The whole story took on a different complexion for Joan. Money talks. 1984 A. BROOKNER Hotel du Lac (1985) xi. ‘At least I assume they are millionaires?’ ‘That is what they would like you to assume, certainly. And if money talks, . . they are certainly making the right amount of noise.’ 2002 Washington Post 15 Jan. E3 Why did all these people look the other way for so long? Money talks. Or, with Enron, shouts. money; power

money see also BAD money drives out good; a FOOL and his money are soon parted;when the LAST tree is cut down, the last fish eaten,.. you will realize that you cannot eatmoney; LEND your money and lose your friend; never MARRY for money, but marry wheremoney is; where there’s MUCK there’s brass; you PAYS your money and you takes yourchoice; TIME is money. A MONEYLESS man goes fast through the market The proverb is explained in quot. 1721. The last example represents a variation of theoriginal proverb, asserting that a person rushes to wherever what he lacks may be found. Cf.late 14th-cent. Fr. cilz qui n’a point d’argent n’a que faire au marchié, he who has no moneycan only go to (i.e. cannot buy anything at) the market. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 10 A silverless Man goes fast through the Market. Because he does not stay to cheapen [bargain] or buy. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 330 A Moneyless Man goes fast thro’ the Market. 1977 J. AIKEN Five-Minute Marriage iv. Found your way here at last, then, miss, have you? A moneyless mare trots fast to the market. buying and selling; poverty monk see the COWL does not make the monk. monkey see the HIGHER the monkey climbs, the more he shows his tail; if you PAYpeanuts, you get monkeys; SOFTLY, softly, catchee monkey. moon see NO moon, no man. moor see BETTER wed over the mixen than over the moor. MORE people know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows Tom Fool is a name traditionally given to a simpleton, or to one who acts the part of afool, as in a drama or morris dance. 1656 S. HOLLAND Wit & Fancy II. i. In all Comedies more know the Clown, then the Clown knows. 1723 DEFOE Colonel Jack (ed. 2) 347 It was no satisfaction to me that

I knew not their faces, for they might know mine . . according to the old English proverb, ‘that more knows Tom Fool, than Tom Fool knows’. 1865 SURTEES Facey Romford’s Hounds xxxii. ‘Good mornin’, Mr. Swig,’ said the man; for the aphorism that ‘more people know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows,’ holds particularly good as regards huntsmen and field servants. 1980 L. MEYNELL Hooky & Prancing Horse iv. Hooky asked . . ‘How’s the great pulsating world of journalism?’ Mac was . . surprised; but he consoled himself with the thought that more people know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows. 2000 ‘C. AIRD’ Little Knell (2001) xv. 170 ‘I reckon that just at this minute, sir, there’s more that we don’t know about this girl’s murder than what we do.. ‘ ‘More people always know Tom Fool, Crosby.’ associates; fame and obscurity The MORE the merrier c 1380 Pearl (1953) 1. 850 The mo [more] the myryer, so God me blesse. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. vii. I3 The mo the merier, we all daie here [hear] and se. Ye but the fewer the better fare (saied he). 1614 T. ADAMS Devil’s Banquet IV. 196 The company is.. all the Patriarchs, Prophets, Saints. .. The more the mirrier, yea, and the better cheare to. 1855 C. KINGSLEY Westward Ho! III. iv. The old proverb comes true—’the more the merrier: but the fewer the better fare.’ 1976 L. ALTHER Kinflicks xiii. ‘Take my word for it. Have another baby.’.. ‘The more, the merrier!’ 2001 M. DAHL Viking Claw vii. 56 A third rope was tossed through the hole. ‘Clip that on, too!’ yelled out Uncle Stoppard. Why not? The more the merrier. hospitality; merriment The MORE you get, the more you want An observation more succinctly stated as MUCH would have more. Cf. HORACE EpistlesII. ii. 147 quanto plura parasti, tanto plura cupis, you want as much again as you have alreadygot. c 1340 R. ROLLE Psalter (1884) 97 The mare that a man has the brennandere [more ardently] he askis. a 1450 Castle of Perseverance 1. 3268 in Macro Plays (EETS) The more he hadde, the more he cravyd, Whyl the lyf lefte hym with-Inne. 1578 J. FLORIO First Fruits 32 The more a man hath, the more he desireth. 1798 W. MANNING Key of Liberty (1922) 9 In short he is never easy, but the more he has the more he wants. 1940 G. H. COXE Glass Triangle x. I was averaging eighty to a hundred [dollars] a week. Well, you know how it is. The more you get the more you want. greed; riches more see also more HASTE, less speed; the more LAWS, the more thieves and bandits;LESS is more; MUCH would have more; the more you STIR it the worse it stinks; there aremore WAYS of killing a cat than choking it with cream; there are more WAYS of killing a

dog than choking it with butter; there are more WAYS of killing a dog than hanging it. MORNING dreams come true C f . MOSCHUS Europa 2 at the third watch of the night, when dawn is near,.. andwhen the flock of true dreams is out grazing; HORACE Satires I. X. 33 post mediam noctemvisus, cum somnia vera, he appeared to me after midnight, when dreams are true. 1540 J. PALSGRAVE Acolastus II. i. After mydnyght men saye, that dreames be true. 1616 JONSON Love Restored VIII. 385 All the morning dreames are true. 1813 W. B. RHODES Bombastes Furioso III. 7 This morn..I dreamt (and morning dreams come true, they say). 1909 A. MACLAREN Romans 87 Our highest anticipations and desires are not unsubstantial visions, but morning dreams, which are proverbially sure to be fulfilled. dreams morning see also never BID the Devil good morrow until you meet him; RED sky at nightshepherd’s delight. moss see a ROLLING stone gathers no moss. most see who KNOWS most, speaks least. Like MOTHER, like daughter The female equivalent of like FATHER, like son. EZEKIEL xvi. 44 (AV) Every one.. shalluse this proverb against thee, saying, As is the mother, so is her daughter. a 1325 Cursor Mundi (EETS) 1. 18857 O suilk [such] a moder, wel slik [such] a child. 1474 CAXTON Game of Chess II. ii. For suche moder suche doughter comunely. 1644 R. WILLIAMS Bloody Tenent of Persecution xcix. Is not this as the Prophet speaks, Like mother, like daughter? 1861 C. READE Cloister & Hearth II. xvii. ‘Mother, you were so hot against her.’.. ‘Ay. .. Like mother like daughter: cowardice it is our bane.’ 1992 A. LAMBERT Rather English Marriage (1993) xi. 188 ‘Darling, you are hopeless! Why are you always so broke?’ (Like mother, like daughter, she thought to herself.) children and parents; similarity and dissimilarity

The MOTHER of mischief is no bigger than a midge’s wing a1628 J. CARMICHAELL Proverbs in Scots no. 1468 The mother of mischief, is na mair nor [than] a midgewing. 1796 M. EDGEWORTH Parent’s Assistant (ed. 2) 149 ‘The mother of mischief’, says an old proverb, ‘is no bigger than a midge’s wing.’ 1858 D. M. MULOCK Woman’s Thoughts about Women viii. Fatal and vile as her [Gossip’s] progeny may be, ‘the mother of mischief, says the proverb, ‘is no bigger than a midge’s wing.’ 2005 Times Magazine 5 Nov. 13 (heading) ‘The mother of mischief is no bigger than a midge’s wing’. beginnings and endings; great and small; trouble mother see also DILIGENCE is the mother of good luck; NECESSITY is the mother ofinvention; PRAISE the child, and you make love to the mother. If the MOUNTAIN will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet must go to the mountain Quot. 1625 gives the anecdote behind this saying. 1625 BACON Essays’Of Boldness’ xii. Mahomet cald the Hill to come to him.. And when the Hill stood still, he was neuer a whit abashed, but said; If the Hill will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet wil go to the hil. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 2707 If the Mountain will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet must go to the Mountain. 1975 D. BAGLEY Snow Tiger xvii. You couldn’t go to see him, so the mountain had to go to Mahomet. It was . . important to him. 2001 Washington Times 27 Jan. F23 (Herb & Jamaal comic strip)’I’ve waited too long for Jamaal to ask me out. It’s time for me to take action! As they say, “If the mountain won’t come to Mohammed, then Mohammed will go to the mountain”.’ necessity; obstinacy mountain see also FAITH will move mountains. The MOUNTAINS are high, and the emperor is far away Chinese proverb, comparable to the Russian GOD is high above, and the tsar is far away. 1910 P. W. SERGEANT Great Empress Dowager of China 153 ‘The mountains are high,’ say the Chinese, ‘the Emperor is far away.’ A brief lull in the persecution was followed in 1895 by an extremely violent outburst. 1974 P. J. SEYBOLT Through Chinese Eyes 73 This is wild hill-country: As they used to say in the old days, ‘the

mountains are high and the emperor is far away.’ 1995 New York Times 4 Dec. (online) A foreigner who spends two weeks in the region quickly learns that autonomy has its limits. Granted . . many Uighur traditions are tolerated. Married couples are legally permitted two rather than one child per family, the limit elsewhere in China, and those leading a nomadic life have no limits. This is illustrative of an oft-heard saying, ‘The mountains are high and the emperor is far away.’ 2003 R. FISKE Political Corruption 81 Often in the provinces during the classical communist period it had been said with a shrug that ‘shan gao huangdi yuan’, or ‘the mountains are high and the Emperor is far away.’ independence; power; rulers and ruled A MOUSE may help a lion The proverb alludes to Aesop’s fable of the lion and the rat, which is told by Caxton inFables (1484) 40. 1563 Mirror for Magistrates (1938) 274 The mouse may sometyme help the Lyon in nede. .. O prynces seke no foes. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 264 A Lyon may come to be beholding to a Mouse. 1842 MARRYAT Percival Keene I. xvii. A mouse may help a lion, as the fable says. 1935 J. BUCHAN House of Four Winds xi. I only offer to show my gratitude by doing what I can. . . A mouse may help a lion. assistance; great and small mouse see also ONE for the mouse, one for the crow; also MICE. mouth see out of the FULLNESS of the heart the mouth speaks; never look a GIFT horsein the mouth; GOD never sends mouths but He sends meat; a SHUT mouth catches no flies; aSOW may whistle, though it has an ill mouth for it. Out of the MOUTHS of babes-Young children may speak disconcertingly wisely or aptlyat times. The proverb is used in a variety of abbreviated and allusive forms, often without aknowledge of the complete biblical quotations (both AV): PSALMS viii. 2 Out of the mouth ofbabes and sucklings hath thou ordained strength; MATTHEW xxi. 16 Jesus saith unto them[the Pharisees], Yea; have ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hastperfected praise. 1899 R. KIPLING Stalky & Co. II In the present state of education I shouldn’t have thought any three boys would be well enough grounded. . . But out of the mouths—. 1906-Puck of Pook’s Hill 285 Out of the mouths of babes do we learn. 1979 ‘C. AIRD’ Some die Eloquent xviii. It was something Crosby said. .. ‘About the source of the

money.’ ‘Out of the mouths,’ conceded Leeyes. children; wisdommove see FAITH will move mountains.MUCH cry and little wool a 1475 J. FORTESCUE On Governance of England (1885) x. His hyghnes shall haue theroff, but as hadd the man that sherid is [sheared his] hogge, much crye and litil woll. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (English) 13 A Great cry and little wooll, quoth the Devil when he sheard the hogg. 1711 J. ADDISON Spectator 18 Dec. Those.. make the most noise, who have least to sell.. to whom I cannot but apply that old Proverb of Much cry, but little wool. 1922 Punch 29 Nov. 520 Ministers have taken good care that the adage, ‘Much cry and little wool,’ shall not apply to them. 1958 M. RENAULT King must Die I. V. They keep it [the codpiece] on under their kilts .. ; much cry and little wool as the saying goes. boasting; words and deedsMUCH would have moreCf. the MORE you get, the more you want. c 1350 Douce MS 52 no. 65 Mykull [much] wulle more. a 1400 Wars of Alexander (EETS) 1. 4397 Mekill wald have mare as many man spellis [tells]. 1597 T. MORLEY Plain Introduction to Music II. 70 The Common Prouerb is in me verified, that much would have more. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 3487 Much would have more; but often meets with less. 1897 J. MCCARTHY Hist. Own Times V. 131 Expedition after expedition has been sent out to extend the Egyptian frontier. . . ‘Much will have more,’ the old proverb says; but in this case.. much is compelled for the sake of.. security to try to have more. 1928 J. S. FLETCHER Ransom for London V. iv. Why should ten millions satisfy these people?.. There is an old adage to the effect that much wants more. greed; richesmuch see also you can have TOO much of a good thing.Where there’s MUCK there’s brassBrass is a slang and dialectal word for ‘money’ here. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 179 Muck and money go together. 1855 H. G.

1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 179 Muck and money go together. 1855 H. G. BOHN Hand-Book of Proverbs 564 Where there is muck there is money. 1943 J. W. DAY Farming Adventure xii. ‘Where there’s muck there’s money’ is as true now as then. But farms today lack the mud. 1967 Punch 13 Sept. 396 ‘Where there’s muck there’s brass’ synopsised for many a North-country businessman the value of dirt in the profit-making process. 2001 Spectator 15/22 Dec. 28 Where there’s muck, there’s brass, and it was the job of the stercorarius to empty the cesspits and sell on the contents to farmers on city outskirts. moneymuckle see MANY a mickle makes a muckle.mud see throw DIRT enough, and some will stick.multitude see CHARITY covers a multitude of sins.MURDER will outSimilar in form to TRUTH will out. c 1325 Cursor Mundi (EETS) 1. 1084 For-thi [therefore] men sais into this tyde [time], Is no man that murthir may hide. c 1390 CHAUCER Nun’s Priest’s Tale 1. 4242 Mordre wol out that se we day by day. 1596 SHAKESPEARE Merchant of Venice II. ii. 73 Truth will come to light; murder cannot be hid long. 1860 W. COLLINS Woman in White II. 64 Crimes cause their own detection, do they? And murder will out (another moral epigram), will it? 1978 F. NEUMANN Seclusion Room ix. ‘Murder will out,’ Berman announced, smiling fatuously. concealment; violencemurder see also KILLING no murder.What MUST be, must beCf. Ital. che sarà sarà, what will be, will be (this English form is also used). c 1386 CHAUCER Knight’s Tale 1. 1466 Whan a thyng is shapen, it shal be. 1519 W. HORMAN Vulgaria 20V That the whiche muste be wyll be. 1546. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. i. F3 That shalbe, shalbe. 1616 BEAUMONT & FLETCHER Scornful Lady III. i. I must kiss you. ..What must be, must be. 1841 S. WARREN Ten

Thousand a Year I. i. It’s really very inconvenient.. for any of my young men to beabsent.. but—I suppose—what must be must be. 1850 DICKENS David Copper-field lvii.‘My love,’ observed Mr. Micawber, ‘.. I am always willing to defer to your good sense.What will be—will be.’ 1981 J. BINGHAM Brock 70 Oh well, what must be, must be.fate and fatalism

N The NAIL that sticks up gets hammered down Japanese proverb. 1972 J. HOHENBERG New Era in Pacific 145 It will be a long time before the Japanese give up faith in the group creed: ‘The nail that sticks up must be hammered down.’ 1982 K. OHMAE Mind of Strategist 228 Whenever I wanted to do my own thing, I was constantly reminded that the nail that sticks up gets hammered down. 1997 New York Times 1 Aug. (online) Of course, Mr. Irabu still has time to redeem himself. And his lack of obvious humility—a handicap in his homeland, where an old proverb holds that ‘the nail that sticks up gets hammered down’—can be an asset here. 2007 J. HUIZENGA ‘Ten Tips for Teaching English as a Foreign Language’ on www.transitionsabroad.com In classrooms outside the U.S., however, showing solidarity with classmates.. is often more important than looking good for the teacher.. This holds true in Japan and China,.. where proverbs express the cultural idea in a nutshell:.. ‘The nail that stands up must be pounded down.’ action and consequence; pride nail see when all you have is a HAMMER, everything looks like a nail; ONE nail drivesout another; for WANT of a nail the shoe was lost. name see give a DOG a bad name and hang him; he that has an ILL name is half hanged;NO names, no pack-drill. A NATION without a language is a nation without a heart Welsh proverb; for the Irish equivalent see quot. 2007 and cf. the remark of Irish patriotThomas Davis (1814–45): ‘A people without a language of its own is only half a nation’ (’OurNational Language’). 1917 Zionist Review 110 It is recognized that a nation without a language is like a body without a soul. 1972 Proceedings of the Institute on Narcotic Addition among Mexican Americans in the South West As one great citizen of this world said, ‘A country without a language is like a country without a heart.’ 1993 B. THOMAS Industrial Revolution and Atlantic Economy 229 The striking leveling-off in the rate of decline

between 1971 and 1981 is a great tribute to the wholehearted labours of thousands of Welsh patriots who have made the language the centre-piece of the national effort. Cenedl heb iaith, cenedl heb gallon. A nation without a language is a nation without a heart. 2007 posting 11 Feb. on anthropology.net In Ireland we have a saying ’Tir gan teanga, tir gan anam’ a country without a language is a country without a soul. The same applies to a people. national characteristics nation see also happy is the COUNTRY which has no history; the ENGLISH are a nationof shopkeepers. NATURE abhors a vacuum Cf. L. natura abhorret vacuum, Nature abhors a vacuum. 1551 CRANMER Answer to Gardiner 299 Naturall reason abhorreth vacuum. 1642 T. FULLER Holy State v. ii. Queen Joan.. (hating widowhood as much as Nature doth vacuum) maried James King of Majorca. 1686 R. BOYLE Free Inquiry V II. 292 The Axiom of the Schools, that Nature abhors a Vacuum. 1771 S. JOHNSON Letter 20 June (1952) I. 249 Whatever philosophy may determine of material nature, it is certainly true of intellectual nature, that it abhors a vacuum: our minds cannot be empty. 2001 Washington Times 30 Oct. A4 The White House should have expected this, of course, since the media, like nature, abhors a vacuum. Nature; opportunity, taken nature see also you can DRIVE out Nature with a pitchfork, but she keeps on comingback; SELF-preservation is the first law of nature. nay see he that WILL not when he may, when he will he shall have nay. NEAR is my kirtle, but nearer is my smock A justification for looking after one’s own closest interests; see also the next proverb. Akirtle is a woman’s skirt or gown; a smock is an undergarment. Cf. PLAUTUS Trinummus 1.1154 tunica propior palliost, my tunic is closer than my cloak. 1461 Paston Letters (1976) II. 228 Nere is my kyrtyl but nerre is my smok. 1545 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages (ed. 2) B7V The Englysshe prouerbe sayethe thus: nere is my cote, but nerer is my shyrt. 1622 J. HOWELL Familiar Letters 1 May (1903) 1. 126

That king.. having too many irons in the fire at his own home.. answered them that his shirt was nearer to him than his doublet. 1861 C. READE Cloister & Hearth IV. xxix. You must not think all of him and none of yourself. Near is your kirtle, but nearer is your smock. self-preservation NEAR is my shirt, but nearer is my skin See also the preceding proverb. Cf. early 14th-cent. Fr. plus pres m’est char que n’estchemise, my skin is nearer to me than my shirt. c 1570 in J. P. Collier Old Ballads (1840) 99 Neerer is my skin then shirte. 1631 J. HENSHAW Spare Hours of Meditations 63 His charitie beginnes at home, and there it ends; neere is his coat, but neerer is his skinne. 1712 J. ARBUTHNOT Lewis Baboon v. My Shirt (quoth he) is near me, but my Skin is nearer: Whilst I take care of the Welfare of other Folks, no body can blame me, to apply a little Balsam to my own Sores. 1890 T. H. HALL CAINEBondman II. X. ‘We can’t trust you.’.. ‘Not your own brother?’ said Jacob. ‘“Near is my shirt, but nearer is my skin,” as the saying is.’ self-preservation The NEARER the bone, the sweeter the meat a1398 J. TREVISA tr. Bartholomew’s On Properties of Things (1975) xix. 1 The nerer the boon the swetter is the flesshe. a 1661 T. FULLER Worthies (Wales) 2 As the sweetest flesh is said to be nearest the bones, so most delicious vallies are interposed betwixt these Mountains. 1778 in B. Franklin Writings (1906) VIII. 258 We all agree the nearer the bone the sweeter the meat. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise i. ‘The nearer the bone the sweeter the meat,’ they used to say, and they were getting very near the bone. .. Their children.. would have to depend wholly upon whatever was carved for them from the communal joint. 1979 ‘TREVANIAN’Shiborni I. 38 A little skinny.. for my taste, but, like my ol’ daddy used to say: the closer the bone, the sweeter the meat. 1996 Washington Post 27 Nov. B7 He inserts the rib in his mouth. ‘The closer to the bone, the sweeter the meat,’ he notes. value The NEARER the church, the farther from God 1303 R. BRUNNE Handlyng Synne (EETS) 1. 9242 Tharfor men seys, an weyl ys trowed [believed], ‘the nere the cherche, the fyrther fro God.’ 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote II. xlvii. Eat nothing of all this meat.. for this dinner was presented by Nunnes, and it is an olde saying, The neerer the Church, the farther from God. 1879 J. E. HOPKINS Work amongst Working Men i. I fear it was a practical

comment on the truth of the uncomfortable proverb, ‘The nearer the church, the farther from God,’ that so bad a district should adjoin one of the great headquarters of the church. 1957 R. GRAVES They hanged my Saintly Billy ii. ‘The nearer the church, the farther from God,’ is a proverb of doubtful truth. But true it is that William Palmer, as a child, had two churches frowning down on him. Christianity NECESSITY is the mother of invention Cf. PERSIUS Satires Prologue 10 magister artis ingeniique largitor venter, the belly is theteacher of art and the giver of wit. The idea is stated more succinctly in 1519 W. HORMANVulgaria 52 Nede taught hym wytte. Necessitas ingenium dedit. 1545 R. ASCHAM ToxophilusII 18V Necessitie, the inuentor of all goodnesse (as all authours in a maner, doo saye).. inuented a shaft heed. 1608 G. CHAPMANTragedy of Byron IV. i. The great Mother, Of all productions (graue Necessity). 1658 R. FRANCK Northern Memoirs (1694) 44 Art imitates Nature, and Necessity is the Mother of Invention. 1726 J. SWIFT Gulliver’s Travels IV. X . I soaled my Shoes with wood, which I cut from a Tree. . . No man could more verify the Truth . . That, Necessity is the Mother of Invention. 1861 C. READE Cloister & Hearth II. vi. ‘But, dame, I found language too poor to paint him. I was fain to invent. You know Necessity is the mother of—.’ ‘Ay! ay, that is old enough, o’ conscience’. 2001 Washington Post 18 Nov. B7 If necessity is the mother of invention, calamity is not uncommonly the source of legislation. necessity NECESSITY knows no law Cf. L. necessitas non habet legem, necessity has no law. 1377 LANGLAND Piers Plowman B. xx. 10 Nede ne hath no lawe, ne neure shal falle in dette. c 1530 W. TYNDALE Answer to More B1 Two things are without law, God and necessity. a1555 N. RIDLEY Lamentation of Miserable Estate of Church (1556) D4 The latter reason.. includeth a necessitie which after the common sayinge hathe no law. 1680 DRYDEN Kind Keeper III. ii. Necessity has no Law; I must be patient. 1776 F. RHINELANDER Letter 23 Feb. in H. C. Van Schaack Life of Peter Van Schaack (1842) 54 Troops.. quarter themselves in any houses they find shut up. Necessity knows no law. 1864 MRS H. WOOD Trevlyn Hold II. xiv. Necessity has no law, and he was obliged to rise. 1939 ‘D. YATES’ Gale Warning vi. ‘“Don’t speak to the man at the wheel” is a very good rule.’ ‘So’, said I, ‘is “Necessity knows no law.”’ 1977 S. T. WARNER Kingdoms of Elfin 107 Necessity knows no law. I must admit it. From time to time, I flew. necessity

need see (noun) a FRIEND in need is a friend indeed; (verb) GOOD wine needs no bush; aGUILTY conscience needs no accuser. NEEDLES and pins, needles and pins, when a man marries, his trouble begins 1843 J. O. HALLIWELL Nursery Rhymes of England 122 Needles and pins, needles and pins, When a man marries his trouble begins. 1876 R. D. BLACKMORE Cripps III. 214 Cripps was come to a turn of the track—for it scarcely could be called a road—and was sadly singing to Dobbin and himself that exquisite elegiac—’Needles and pins, needles and pins, When a man marries, his trouble begins!’ 1952 ‘J. CANNAN’ (1983) Body in Beck vii. 165 Thank God I steered clear of females. Needles and pins, needles and pins, when a man marries his trouble begins. Good God, where did I get that from? 2000 Washington Times 15 Nov. E12 (Herb & Jamaal comic strip) They say, ‘Needles and pins, needles and pins, when a man marries, his troubles begin,’ . . But I’ll tell ya, among the things they say, what I’m most curious about is . . who are ‘they’? marriage NEEDS must when the Devil drives Needs must is used elliptically for ‘one needs must (i.e. must of necessity) go’. c1450 J. LYDGATE Assembly of Gods (EETS) 1. 21 Hit ys oft seyde by hem that yet lyues He must nedys go that the deuell dryues. 1602 SHAKESPEARE All’s Well that ends Well I. iii. 29 He must needs go that the devil drives. 1835 SOUTHEY Doctor III. lxxxiii. Needs must go when the Devil drives. 1843 SURTEES Handley Cross III. xi. Needs must when the devil drives! . . But I’d rather do any thing than injure that poor blue-eyed beauty. 1978 T. SHARPE Throwback iii. I don’t want to marry the damned woman either, but needs must when the devil drives. 2002 Times 22 Feb. 24 Applied conscientiously in the rush hour it [the rule ‘women and children first’] would ensure that no male adult would ever reach his office on time, if at all. Needs must when the Devil drives is a more realistic motto for the Underground. necessity What a NEIGHBOUR gets is not lost Often with friend instead of neighbour. 1567 L. WAGER Mary Magdalene D4V There is nothyng lost that is done for such a friende. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 198 It is no tint [not lost], a Friend gets. 1891 J. L. KIPLING Beast & Man viii. The public at large have reaped much of the crop sown

by Government for its own army, but, as the Scottish saying has it, ‘What a neighbour gets is not lost.’ 1933 N. GORDON Shakespeare Murders xv. 237 ‘Every one is naturally interested in the whereabouts of a million pounds, even if it does not belong to oneself. It isn’t lost, what a friend gets.’ ‘You mean that you can always borrow from him?’ ‘I meant rather that one delights in his good fortune.’ neighbours; winners and losers neighbour see also GOOD fences make good neighbours. nest see there are no BIRDS in last year’s nest; BIRDS in their little nests agree; it’s anILL bird that fouls its own nest. In vain the NET is spread in the sight of the bird With allusion to PROVERBS i. 17 (AV) Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of anybird; cf. c 1395 WYCLIF Bible (1850) Proverbs i. 17 A net is leid in veyn before the ighen[eyes] of briddis. 1581 G. PETTIE tr. S. Guazzo’s Civil Conversation I. 20V In vaine (as the Prouerb sayth) The net is pitcht in the sight of the birdes. 1888 J. E. T. ROGERS Economic Interpretation of Hist. xxi. The landowners in Pitt’s time foresaw this. .. They would certainly be caught, and the net was spread in vain in sight of the bird. 1941 ‘M. COLES’ They tell No Tales x. ‘Keep a good look out.’.. ‘In vain is the net spread in the sight of the bird, anyway.’ 1961 L. S. DE CAMP Dragon of Ishtar Gate viii. ‘If they come, we shall be ready,’ said Bessas. ‘In vain the net is spread in the sight of the bird.’ deception; futility net see also all is FISH that comes to the net. If you gently touch a NETTLE it’ll sting you for your pains; grasp it like a lad ofmettle, an’ as soft as silk remains The metaphorical phrase to grasp the nettle, to tackle a difficulty boldly, is often found. 1578 LYLY Euphues I. 212 True it is Philautus that he which toucheth ye nettle tenderly, is soonest stoung. 1660 W. SECKER Nonsuch Professor I. 156 Sin is like the nettle, that stings when it is gently touched, but doth hurt not when it is ruggedly handled. 1753 A. HILL Works IV. 120 Tender-handed stroke a nettle, And it stings you, for your

pains: Grasp it like a man of mettle, And it soft as silk remains. 1830 R. FORBY Vocabulary of East Anglia 430 ‘Nip a nettle hard, and it will not sting you’—i.e. Strong and decided measures prevail best with troublesome people. 1925 S. O’CASEY Juno & Paycock I. 35 Be firm, Captain. .. If you gently touch a nettle it’ll sting you for your pains; grasp it like a lad of mettle, an’ as soft as silk remains. boldnessNEVER is a long time c1390 CHAUCER Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale 1. 1411 Nevere to thryve were to long a date. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 260 Never is a long Term. .. Spoken to them that say they will never get such a Thing effected. 1887 BLACKMORE Springhaven I. xvii. She never could pay her rent. But ‘never is a long time’.. and.. she stood clear of all debt now. 1979 H. HOWARD Sealed Envelope iii. ‘I never reveal my sources.’.. ‘Never is a long time.’ futureNEVER say neverProbably a pithy modern reformulation of the preceding proverb. 1977 Economist 9 Apr. 6 Mr Colley.. is politician enough never to say never. 1978 Washington Post 2 Mar. A1 Marshall did not rule out a resumption of talks, saying ‘you can never say “never” in this business.’ 1984 Washington Post 27 Apr. A23 A president should ‘never say never.’ 2002 Washington Times 18 Apr. B5 That proves you should never say ‘Never.’ futureIt is NEVER too late to learnA later variation of the next two proverbs. 1678 R. L’ESTRANGE Seneca’s Morals II. xx. It is never too late to learn what it is always necessary to know. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 266 Never too late to learn. 1856 W. COLLINS Lady of Glenwith Grange in After Dark II. 3 ‘It is never too late to learn,’ cried he. ‘I will make a fisherman of you in no time, if you will only attend to my directions.’ 1927 E. F. BENSON Lucia in London ii. We want to know what the cosmopolitan mind is thinking about. Of course we’re old, but it is never too late to learn. 2002 Washington Times 17 Feb. B3 To his credit, Norman Mailer later said that he felt ‘a very large responsibility’ for Mr. Adan’s murder, and admitted that he ‘never thought Abbott was close to killing ...I was not sensitive to the fact.’ It’s never too late to learn.

lateness; learning It is NEVER too late to mend See also the two adjacent proverbs. 1590 R. GREENE (title) Never too late. 1594 LODGE & GREENE Looking-Glass for London I3V Amends may neuer come too late. c 1645 J. HOWELL Familiar Letters 9 Nov. (1903) III. 139 We have both of us our failings that way ..but it is never over late to mend. 1856 C. READE (title) It is never too late to mend. 1934 H. SPRING Shabby Tiger iv. Adolf shrugged a shoulder which suggested that it’s never too late to mend. 1961 I. JEFFERIES It wasn’t Me! i. How kind. .. Never too late to mend. improvement; lateness NEVER too old to learn See also the two preceding proverbs. Cf. SENECA Epistle LXXVI. iii. tamdiu discen-dumest, quamdiu nescias: si proverbio credimus, quamdiu vivas, we must go on learning as long aswe are ignorant; or, if we believe the proverb, as long as we live. 1530 A. BARCLAY Eclogues (EETS) II. 538 Coridon thou art not to olde for to lere. 1555 Institution of Gentleman B7V No man can be to olde to learne. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 112 Never too old to learn. 1712 J. ARBUTHNOT Law is Bottomles Pit I. vii. A Lawyer I was born, and a Lawyer I will be; one is never too Old to learn. 1858 TROLLOPE Dr. Thorne I. x. One should never be too old to learn—there’s always something new worth picking up. 1990 ‘C. AIRD’ ‘Lord Peter’s Touch’ in Injury Time (1995) 45 ‘All right then, tell me. I suppose I’m never too old to learn.’ learning; old age never see also BETTER late than never; never send a BOY to do a man’s job; never doEVIL that good may come of it; what you’ve never HAD you never miss; PAY beforehand wasnever well served; never let the SUN go down on your anger. NEW brooms sweep clean The phrase new broom (one newly appointed to a position who makes changes in personnelor procedures) derives from this proverb.

1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II.i. F3V Som therto said, the grene new brome swepith cleene. 1578 LYLY Euphues I. 232 Ah well I wotte [know] that a newe broome sweepeth cleene. 1616 J. WITHALS Dict. (rev. ed.) 569 New bromes sweepe cleane, yet old friendship still retaine. 1776 G. COLMAN New Brooms! 15 I am glad he is gone—Glad!—To be sure. New Brooms, you know. 1877 J. A. FROUDE Short Studies 3rd Ser. 55 New brooms sweep clean. Abbot Thomas, like most of his predecessors, began with attempts at reformation. 1979 F. OLBRICH Sweet & Deadly iv. He was all right at first. It was a case of a new broom sweeping clean. improvement; innovation What is NEW cannot be true 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 228 The newest things, not always truest. 1791 J. BOSWELL Life of Johnson II. 283 I found that generally what was new was false. 1880 J. NICHOL Byron ix. We are told.. that he knew little of art or music. .. It is true but not new. But when Hunt proceeds to say that Byron had no sentiment.. it is new enough, but is manifestly not true. 1928 Times 4 Feb. 8 Sir Arthur Evans has fallen a victim.. to the old slogan’What is new cannot be true.’ innovation NEW lords, new laws Cf. a 1450 St. Editha (1883) 96 Willyham Conquerour was made here kyng, And madenewe lordus and eke new lawe. a 1547 E. HALL Chronicle (1548) Hen. VI 169 Tholde spoken prouerbe, here toke place: New Lordes, new lawes. 1824 SCOTT St. Ronan’s Well II. i. But new lords new laws—naething but fine and imprisonment, and the game no a feather the plentier. 1874 T. HARDY Far from Madding Crowd I. viii. ‘I was lately married to a woman, and she’s my vocation now.’ . . ‘New lords new laws, as the saying is.’ 2004 News Bulletin (dateline: Sochi) 28 Mar. (Interfax) The EU presidency rotates every six months. ‘As a Russian proverb says: new lords, new laws. The EU has new priorities with every new president. It is difficult to work in these conditions.’ change; circumstances You can’t put NEW wine in old bottles With allusion to MATTHEW ix. 17 (AV) Neither do men put new wine into old bottles:else the bottles break, and the wine runneth out, and the bottles perish. The idea is alsoexpressed allusively as a metaphorical phrase.

1912 L. STRACHEY Landmarks in French Literature vi. The new spirits hadanimated the prose of Chateaubriand and the poetry of Lamartine; but.. the form of boththese writers retained most of the important characteristics of the old tradition. It wasnew wine in old bottles. 1948 A. J. TOYNBEE Civilization on Trial vi. The new wines ofindustrialism and democracy have been poured into old bottles and they have burst theold bottles beyond repair. 1960 I. JEFFERIES Dignity & Purity viii. ‘I don’t think youcan put new wine in old bottles.’ I looked doubtful. .. ‘A lot of this could be rationalized.’1974 T. SHARPE Porterhouse Blue x. ‘Motives?.. Good old-fashioned lust.’ ‘That hardlyexplains the explosive nature of his end.’.. ‘You can’t put new wine in old bottles.’innovationThere is always something NEW out of AfricaL. ex Africa semper aliquid novi, a variant of a passage in the Naturalis Historia (viii. 16)of Pliny the Elder referring to hybridization of African animals: unde etiam vulgare Graeciaedictum semper aliquid novi African afferre, hence that common saying of the Greek thatAfrica is always bringing forth something new; the allusion is to a passage in Aristotle’s DeAnimalibus Historia viii. 28, 7 Libya is always showing somethingnew. Versions of the Latin saying have been current in England since Erasmus’ Adagia (1500). 1559 W. BAVARDE tr. A Woorke of Ioannes Ferrarius 81 It is saied that Affricquebringeth foorthe alwaies some newe thing. 1642 J. HOWELL Instructions for ForreineTravel (Arber ed.) iii. 22 France, which as Africk produceth always something New, for Inever knew week passe in Paris but it brought forth some new kinds of Authors. 1976 D.ARDEN (title) Out of Africa something new? 1983 R. KELLY ‘Stone Wall inProvidence’ in Under Words 112 Always something new / out of Africa. Rubadubdub ofthe new desires squeezing / into the convenient old places of the sleepstonewall. 2000CBS NEWS (web site) 11 June It is a thing of rare beauty nonetheless: Humans anddangerous animals at peace and in harmony with each other—proving once again thatthere is always something new out of Africa. novelty new see also there is NOTHING new under the sun; it is best to be OFF with the old lovebefore you are on with the new; you can’t TEACH an old dog new tricks. news see BAD news travels fast; GO abroad and you’ll hear news of home; NO news isgood news.nibble see a BLEATING sheep loses a bite.

NIGHT brings counsel Cf. MENANDER Sententiae no. 222 at night comescounsel to the wise; L. in nocte consilium, in night is counsel. 1590 SPENSER Faerie Queene I. i. 291 Vntroubled night.. giues counsell best. 1640G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 746 Night is the mother of Councels. 1660DRYDEN Astrœa Redux 1. 93 Well might the Ancient Poets then confer On Night thehonour’d name of Counseller. 1928 L. THAYER Darkest Spot xviii. The saying that nightbrings counsel is often true. . . Peter . . woke next morning with a plan of campaign fullydeveloped. 1967 N. FREELING Strike out where not Applicable 184 ‘Home you go, boy.Night brings counsel.’ Night did bring counsel. Or rather Verbiest, the young inspector,brought it. advice night see also BARNABY bright, Barnaby bright, the longest day and the shortest night;all CATS are grey in the dark; RED sky at night shepherd’s delight; SING before breakfast,cry before night.NINE tailors make a man The literal meaning is that a gentleman must select his attire from various sources. It isnow sometimes specifically associated with bell-ringing (see quots. 1908 and 1934). 1613 Tarlton’s Jests C1 Two Taylors goes to a man. 1647 N. WARD Simple Cobbler26 It is a more common then convenient saying, that nine Taylers make a man; it werewell if nineteene could make a woman to her minde. 1776 Poor Robin’s Almanack II. C6VDo ye know how many Taylors make a Man? Why Nine—Nine Taylors make a Man.1819 SCOTT Letter 26 July (1933) V. 427 They say it take nine tailors to make a man—apparently, one is sufficient to ruin him. 1908 H. B. WALTERS Church Bells v. When theKnell is rung, it is a frequent practice to indicate the . . sex of the deceased. .. The oldsaying ‘nine tailors make a man’ is really ‘nine tellers’ [strokes], or three times three.1912 A. BRAZIL New Girl at St. Chad’s i. There’s a saying that it takes nine tailors tomake a man, so if your name is Taylor you can only be the ninth part of a lady! 1934 D.L. SAYERS Nine Tailors IV. iii. The voice of the bells of Fenchurch St. Paul. .. NineTailors Make a Man. dressnine see also PARSLEY seed goes nine times to the Devil; POSSESSION is nine points of

the law; it is not SPRING until you can plant your foot upon twelve daisies; a STITCH in timesaves nine. NO cross, no crown Cross is used here punningly as in CROSSES are ladders that lead to heaven. 1609 T. BRETNOR Almanac March Good days A crosse before a Crowne. 1621 F. QUARLES History of Queene Ester: Meditations ix. The way to Blisse lyes not on beds of Downe, And he that had no Crosse, deserues no Crowne. 1669 W. PENN (title) No Cross no Crown. 1944 ‘A. GILBERT’ Death at Door (1945) xiii. 135 They were always at loggerheads, those two. No Cross, No Crown, that’s their motto. 1996 L. ANDREWS Sinister Side vii. 123 He sighed piteously. ‘I suppose I’ll have to hang on for it.’ ‘No cross, no crown, Julian.’ He realised he had overplayed the martyr. misfortune NO cure, no pay The expression is known principally from its use on Lloyd’s of London’s Standard Form ofSalvage Agreement; cf. the earlier no purchase, no pay and similar proverbs. 1800 J. COBB Ramah Droog I iv You’ll never have reason to complain of my want of confidence. Besides, the worst come to the worst.. ‘No cure, no pay.’ 1836 W. C. RISLEY Early Victorian Squarson 13 (16 Dec.).. a travelling doctor of smoaking chimneys . . made his appearance here. I agreed to buy his skill . . on the principle of No Cure, No Pay. 1907 A. R. KENNEDY Treatise.. Law of Civil Salvage (ed. 2) 270 (heading) Salvage agreement on basis of Lloyd’s standard form of ‘no cure—no pay’ agreement. 1933 Reports of Tax Cases (Inland Revenue) XVII. 352 The charges of those accountants . . were made on the ‘No cure, no pay’ principle. 1982 Listener 6 May 10 The divers.. will earn their money. .. If they find nothing, they will receive nothing. .. No cure, no pay. just deserts NO foot, no horse In North America as no hoof, no horse. 1751 J. BRIDGES (title) No Foot, No Horse. An essay on the anatomy of the foot of.. a horse. 1893 A. T. FISHER The Farrier or ‘No Foot, No Horse’ 2 ‘No foot, no horse’

exactly expresses that which I desire to impress on the reader in the following pages. Without the full and perfect use of its feet, the horse is useless. 1999 G. WILLIAMS & M. DEACON No Foot, No Horse 139 Shoeing will no longer be regarded as a necessary evil but vital for performance and soundness—and the expression ‘no foot, no horse’ will be a thing of the past. 2001 R. FREEMAN www.horseshoes.com (web site) It was while hanging around the barns with a friend who trained horses that I quickly gained an appreciation for the old adage, ‘no hoof, no horse’. 2007 Times2 27 Apr. The great fascination of extreme old age will.. be.. how do you behave when you reach your destination?.. in the manner of old-fashioned trench warfare, with a mixture of chiropody and raw courage. No foot, no horse, says the old stables maxim, and it goes for humans too. horse lore NO man can serve two masters With allusion to MATTHEW vi. 24 (AV) No man can serve two masters (the verse whichconcludes you cannot serve GOD and Mammon). c 1330 in T. Wright Political Songs (1839) 325 No man may wel serve tweie lordes to queme [please] c 1477 CAXTON Jason (EETS) 57 No man may wel serve two maistres, for that one corumpeth that other. 1642 D. ROGERS Naaman vi. You cannot have your will . . and Christ too; no man can serve two masters. 1853 R. C. TRENCH On Lessons in Proverbs v. Our lord..has said: ‘No man can serve two masters.’.. So the Spanish proverb: He who has to serve two masters, has to lie to one. 1979 ‘C. AIRD’ Some die Eloquent v. The Coroner’s Officer existed in a sort of leaderless no-man’s-land. Hostilities had broken out over this more than once... No man can serve two masters. employers and employees NO man is a hero to his valet Attributed to Mme Cornuel (1605–94): il n’y a pas de héros pour son valet-de-chambre, noman is a hero to his valet. Cf. 1603 J. FLORIO tr. Montaigne’s Essays III. ii. Few men hauebeene admired of their familiers. .. In my climate of Gascoigne they deeme it as iest to seemee in print. 1764 S. FOOTE Patron II. 31 It has been said.. that no man is a hero to his valet de chambre; now I am afraid when you and I grow a little more intimate . . you will be horribly disappointed in your high expectations. 1910 Times 20 Jan. (Literary Supplement) 17 Many men have been heroes to their valets, and most (except Pope and Poe) to their biographers. 1940 A. CHRISTIE One, Two, buckle my Shoe i. It has been said that no man is a hero to his valet. To that may be added that few men are heroes to

themselves at the moment of visiting their dentist. 2002 Washington Times 9 May C2 All of which is a mere footnote to the longest presidency in American history, and one of the greatest. But it is a useful reminder that just as no man is a hero to his valet so, it seems, not even a president is immune to the ministrations of a Chef From Hell. employers and employees; familiarity NO moon, no man 1878 T. HARDY Return of Native I. I. iii. ‘No moon, no man.’ ‘Tis one of the truest sayings ever spit out. The boy never comes to anything that’s born at new moon. 1878 T. F. THISTELTON-DYER English Folk-Lore ii. In Cornwall, when a child is born in the interval between an old moon and the first appearance of a new one, it is said that it will never live to reach the age of puberty. Hence the saying ‘No moon, no man.’ calendar lore; children NO names, no pack-drill If nobody is named as being responsible for something, then nobody can be blamed andpunished. Also used more generally in favour of reticence on a subject. Pack-drill is a militarypunishment in which the offender is compelled to march up and down in full marching order. 1923 O. ONIONS Peace in our Time I. ii. Men had a way of omitting the names of those of whom they spoke; no names no pack-drill. 1925 S. O’CASEY Juno & Paycock II. 61 I know some as are as sweet as the blossoms that bloom in the May—oh, no names, no pack drill. 2000 P. LOVESEY Reaper iv. 47 ‘Do you know, I’ve heard of churches— no names, no pack-drill—who wait until the end of the year before stomping up.’ speech and silence NO news is good news 1616 JAMES I in Loseley MSS (1836) 403 No newis is bettir then evill newis. 1640 J. HOWELL Familiar Letters 3 June (1903) II. 144 I am of the Italians mind that said, ‘Nulla nuova, buona nuova’, (no news, good news). 1850 F. E. SMEDLEY Frank Fairlegh x. Arguing.. (on the ‘no news being good news’ system) that I should have heard again if anything had gone wrong, I dismissed the subject from my mind. 1974 T. SHARPE Porterhouse Blue xxi. ‘He can’t reply,’ the Senior Tutor pointed out. ‘I find that most consoling. After all no news is good news.’ 2002 Washington Post 12 Feb. C13 (Mother Goose & Grimm comic strip) ‘Sigh.. No news is good news.’ ‘I’ll say.. It means no rolled-up newspaper.’ news

NO pain, no gain 1577 N. BRETON Works of Young Wit 33V They must take pain that look for any gayn. 1648 HERRICK Hesperides 298 No Paines, no Gaines. If little labour, little are our gaines: Mans fortunes are according to his paines. 1853 R. C. TRENCH On Lessons in Proverbs iv. For the most part they courageously accept the law of labour, No pains, no gains,—No sweat, no sweet, as the appointed law and condition of man’s life. 1985 Washington Post 22 May (Health Supplement) 14 Forget the coach’s rule of ‘no pain, no gain’. Today, exercise researchers are replacing it with the ‘talk rule’. 2000 M. BERMAN Twilight of American Culture i. 58 As Peter Sacks shows.., there is very little tolerance on the part of students for any real work; ‘no pain, no gain’ is not part of their emotional vocabulary. wanting and having NO penny, no paternoster 1528 W. TYNDALE Obedience of Christian Man fo. lxxxiiV After the commune sayenge, no peny no Pater noster. 1648 HERRICK Hesperides 302 Who..Can’t send for a gift A Pig to the Priest for a Roster [roast], Shall heare his Clarke say, .. No pennie, no Pater Noster. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 259 No Penny, no Pater Noster. 1925 J. I. C. CLARKE My Life ix. If the churchly motto ‘No penny, no Paternoster’ was true, how could a church.. stay downtown when its congregation was moving north. 1940 D. TEILHET Broken Face Murders ii. No penny, no paternoster. I neither pay the piper nor do I dance. just deserts no see also HALF a loaf is better than no bread; there’s no great LOSS without some gain;there’s no PLACE like home; if there were no RECEIVERS, there would be no thieves; thereis no ROYAL road to learning; SEE no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil; SHROUDS have nopockets; no SMOKE without fire; TIME and tide wait for no man; no TIME like the present. nobody see EVERYBODY’S business is nobody’s business; it’s an ILL wind that blowsnobody any good. A NOD’s as good as a wink to a blind horse A fanciful assertion, often abbreviated as in quot. 1822, that the slightest hint is enough toconvey one’s meaning in the case.

1794 W. GODWIN Caleb Williams I. viii. Say the word; a nod is as good as a wink to a blind horse. 1822 B. MALKIN Gil Blas (rev. ed.) I. II. ix. I shall say no more at present; a nod is as good as a wink. 1925 S. O’CASEY Shadow of Gunman in Two Plays I. 142 You needn’t say no more—a nod’s as good as a wink to a blind horse. 1979 L. MEYNELL Hooky & Villainous Chauffeur vi. The way he behaves.. Other men’s wives. Still, I expect you know as much about that as I do. . . They say a nod’s as good as a wink to a blind horse. 1992 W. DONALDSON Root into Europe ii. 34 Got a good PR machine working for you, I expect. Say no more. .. Nod’s as good as a wink. hints; tact nod see also (verb) HOMER sometimes nods. noise see EMPTY vessels make the most sound. none see a BAD excuse is better than none; there’s none so BLIND as those who will notsee; none but the BRAVE deserve the fair; there’s none so DEAF as those who will not hear;JACK of all trades and master of none; TWO is company, but three is none..no one see no one should be JUDGE in his own cause.NORTH wind doth blow, we shall have snow 1805 Songs for Nursery 3 The north wind doth blow, And we shall have snow, And what will poor Robin do then? Poor thing! 1980 A. T. ELLIS Birds of Air (1983) 113 Mary was thinking, ‘The north wind doth blow and we shall have snow and what will the robin do then..’ weather lorenose see don’t CUT off your nose to spite your face.NOTHING comes of nothing C f . ALCAEUS Fragment cccxx. (Lobel-Page) nothing comes ofnothing; L. ex nihilo nihil fit. c 1380 CHAUCER Boethius v. pr. i. For this sentence is verray and soth, that ‘nothing hath his beynge of naught’. 1551 CRANMER Answer to Gardiner 369 Sicut exnihilo nihil fit, Ita nihil in nihilum redigitur, As nothyng can be made of nought, so

nothynge can be tourned into nought. 1605–6 SHAKESPEARE King Lear I. i. 89 Nothing will come of nothing. Speak again. 1818 SCOTT Heart of Midlothian I. i. You are to give me all your business. .. If you have none, the learned gentleman here knows nothing can come of nothing. 1946 E. R. CURTIS Lady Sarah Lennox iv. ‘What did you think of it?’ ‘Nothing, Sir.’ ‘Nothing comes of nothing!’ the King exclaimed impatiently. 1998 T. DALRYMPLE Life at Bottom (2001) 233 Well, as King Lear said, nothing comes of nothing: and the journalist’s hatred of the police was unlikely to have sprung completely at random and fully informed from his consciousness. reciprocityNOTHING for nothing a 1704 T. BROWN Works (1707) I. 131 Thou know’st the proverb, nothing due for nought. 1800 M. EDGEWORTH Castle Rackrent 167 Nothing for nothing, or I’m under a mistake with you, Jason. 1858 G. J. WHYTE-MELVILLE Interpreter xxv. Sir Harry.. recollected the old-established principle of himself and his clique, ‘Nothing for nothing, and very little for a halfpenny.’ 1908 A. MACLAREN Ezekiel 172 The last touch in the picture is meanness, which turned everything into money. . . Is not ‘nothing for nothing’ an approved maxim to-day? 1981 N. FREELING One Damn Thing after Another iv. Their heart’s not in it. Nothing for nothing and not much for sixpence. reciprocityNOTHING is certain but death and taxes 1726 DEFOE Hist. Devil II. vi. Not the Man in the Moon, .. not the Inspiration of Mother Shipton, or the Miracles of Dr. Faustus, Things as certain as Death and Taxes, can be more firmly believ’d. 1789 B. FRANKLIN Letter 13 Nov. in Writings (1907) X. 69 In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes. 1939 L. I. WILDER By Shores of Silver Lake xxv. Everything’s more or less a gamble... Nothing is certain but death and taxes. 2001 Washington Times 20 Dec. C10 In 1789, Benjamin Franklin said, ‘In this world, nothing is certain but death and taxes.’ Well, there is one way to avoid capital-gains taxes on investments—hold them until you die. certainty and uncertaintyNOTHING is certain but the unforeseenSimilar to the UNEXPECTED always happens. 1886 J. A. FROUDE Oceana vii. There is a proverb that ‘nothing is certain but the unforeseen,’ and in fact few things turn out as we expect them. 1905 A. MACLA-REN Gospel according to St. Matthew I. 322 There is nothing certain to happen, says the proverb, but the unforeseen. Tomorrow will have its cares. certainty and uncertainty;

foresight and hindsight NOTHING is for ever 1984 Defense Electronics 144/2 Nothing is forever, and political-military alliances are less forever than most. 1992 MIEDER Dict. American Proverbs 433 Nothing can last for ever. 2001 Times 7 Nov. 16 Mr Blair may treat Parliament’s support as unconditional, but nothing is for ever. change There is NOTHING new under the sun With allusion to ECCLESIASTES i. 9 (AV) There is no new thing under the sun. 1592 G. DELAMOTHE French Alphabet II. 7 Under the large Cope of heauen, we see not a new thing. 1664 A. BRADSTREET Works (1867) 53 There is no new thing under the sun. 1801 T. JEFFERSON Writings (1904) X. 229 We can no longer say there is nothing new under the sun. 1850 C. KINGSLEY Alton Locke I. xviii. There is nothing new under the sun; all that, is stale and trite to a septuagenarian, who has seen where it all ends. 2002 Times 4 Jan. 16 Cliché is the element in which political hacks live and move and have our being. Not just situation cliché. There is nothing new under the sun in politics. familiarity; novelty NOTHING should be done in haste but gripping a flea a 1655 N. L’ESTRANGE in Anecdotes & Traditions (1839) I. 55 A grave gentleman in this Kingdome us’d this phrase often: ‘Do nothing rashly, but catching of fleas.’ 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 151 Nothing most be done hastily but killing of fleas. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 261 Nothing to be done in haste, but gripping of Fleas. . . Spoken when we are unreasonably urged to make haste. 1927 J. BUCHAN Witch Wood xii. What’s the need o’ hurry when the body’s leg is still to set. As my auld mither used to say, naething suld be done in haste but grippin’ a flea. 1969 B. LEHANE Compleat Flea i. ‘Do nothing hastily but catching of fleas,’ warns a wary proverb. NOTHING so bad but it might have been worse A more positive version is 1817 SCOTT Rob Roy II. xiii. There’s naething sae gude on thisside o’ time but it might hae been better.

1876 I. BANKS Manchester Man III. xiii. However, there is nothing so bad but it might be worse. 1885 E. J. HARDY How to be Happy though Married xxi. Let us resolve to look at the bright side of things. . . ‘Nothing so bad but it might have been worse.’ 1908 Times 5 Oct. 3 Farmers.. will regard the.. meteorological changes as illustrating the ancient axiom to the effect that circumstances are never so bad that they cannot be worse. good and evil; optimismNOTHING so bold as a blind mare a 1628 J. CARMICHAELL Proverbs in Scots no. 1435 The blind horse is hardiest. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 266 Nothing so bold as a blind Mare. 1922 J. BUCHAN Huntingtower x. He spoke of the still unconquered enemy with.. disrespect, so that Mrs Morran was moved to observe that there was ‘naething sae bauld as a blind mear’. boldness; ignoranceThere is NOTHING so good for the inside of a man as the outside of a horseA proverb asserting the benefit of horse-riding to health. 1906 G. W. E. RUSSELL Social Silhouettes xxxii. The Squire will wind up.. with an apocryphal saying which he attributes to Lord Palmerston—‘There’s nothing so good for the inside of a man as the outside of a horse.’ 1946 M. C. SELF Horseman’s Encyclopaedia 338 ‘There is something about the outside of a horse which is good for the inside of a man.’ This adage is wiser than might first appear. But one should not consider just the hours spent in the saddle as beneficial. 1987 Time 28 Dec. 52 There is nothing better for the inside of a man than the outside of a horse. Ronald Reagan President. healthNOTHING succeeds like successCf. Fr. rien ne réussit comme le succès, nothing succeeds like success. 1867 A. D. RICHARDSON Beyond Mississippi xxxiv. ‘Nothing succeeds like success.’ There was much Southern sympathy on the island; now all are our dear friends. 1872 W. BESANT Ready-Money Mortiboy I. ix. In Mr. Mortiboy’s judgment no proverb could be better than.. ‘Nothing succeeds like success.’ Success dazzled him. 1980 H.

TREVOR-ROPER History & Imagination 9 Nothing succeeds like success, and if Hitler had founded his empire . . we can well imagine how later historians would have treated him. success NOTHING venture, nothing gain A variant of the next proverb. Cf. late 14th-cent. Fr. qui onques rien n’enprist riensn’achieva, he who never undertook anything never achieved anything; 1481 CAXTONReynard (1880) xii. He that will wynne he muste laboure and auenture. 1624 T. HEYWOOD Captives IV. i. I see hee that nought venters, nothinge gaynes. 1668 C. SEDLEY Mulberry Garden III. ii. Who ever caught any thing With a naked hook? nothing venture, nothing Win. 1876 BLACKMORE Cripps III. iv. We must all have been in France.. if—well, never mind. Nothing venture, nothing win. 1967 D. MORRIS Naked Ape iv. For him [the withdrawn individual] the old saying: ‘Nothing ventured, nothing gained’ has been rewritten: ‘Nothing ventured, nothing lost’. 1979 A. PRICE Tomorrow’s Ghost vii. That was decidedly interesting—’And Pearson Cole?’ Nothing venture, nothing gain. 1990 R. D. EDWARDS English School of Murder vi. ‘I’d need a little training before I could take on a proper class.’ ‘Nonsense, old man,’ cried Rich. ‘Nothing ventured, nothing gained.’ 2001 Washington Times 15 Dec. B2 Though there are no guarantees, it does seem sad that a chance at true love was stillborn because one of the parties had low self-esteem. Nothing ventured, nothing gained. boldness; wanting and having; risk NOTHING venture, nothing have c1385 CHAUCER Troilus & Criseyde II . 807 He which that nothing undertaketh, Nothing n’acheveth, be hym looth or deere [be it hateful or pleasing to him]. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. xi. E1 Noght venter noght haue. 1559 T. COOPER Bibliotheca (ed. 3) s.v. Fortis, Fortune foretherethe [furthers] bolde aduenturers, nothyng venture, nothyng haue. 1791 J. BOSWELL Life of Johnson II. 166 I am, however, generally for trying ‘Nothing venture, nothing have’. 1841 DICKENS Old Curiosity Shop I. xxix. I’m sorry the gentleman’s daunted—nothing venture, nothing have—but the gentleman knows best. 1957 R. DOWNING All Change Here v. 36 ‘Jonah, aren’t you taking a hell of a risk?’ ‘Of course. We all are. But then “nothing venture nothing have.”’ boldness; wanting and having; risk nothing see also BELIEVE nothing of what you hear, and only half of what you see;BLESSED is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed; CIVILITY costsnothing; the FROG in the well knows nothing of the sea; there is nothing like LEATHER; you

don’t get SOMETHING for nothing; SOMETHING is better than nothing; the SUN losesnothing by shining into a puddle. notice see LONG foretold, long last. There’s NOWT so queer as folk Nowt is a dialect variant of ‘nought’ i.e. ‘nothing’. 1905 English Dialect Dict. IV. 304 There’s nowt sae queer as folk, Old saying. 1939 J. WOOD Letter 30 May in J. Chambers Letters (1979) 186 I trust you.. find plenty of interest in people & their doings. Really ‘there is nowt so funny as folk’. 1955 R. E. MEGARRYMiscellany-at-Law I. 72 There is the infinite charm and variety of human nature itself: ‘there’s nowt so queer as folk.’ 1993 B. D’AMATO Hard Women xxi. 243 ‘You never really know anything about people. As LJ sometimes says, “There’s nowt so strange as folk.” It’s not like you can work people out on a chessboard.’ 2002 Oldie Apr. 57 . . and his creed that everyone is good copy. Or, as they would put it up North, that there’s nowt so queer as folk. idiosyncrasy nowt see also when in DOUBT, do nowt; HEAR all, see all, say nowt. number see there is LUCK in odd numbers; there is SAFETY in numbers. nut see the GODS send nuts to those who have no teeth.

O When the OAK is before the ash, then you will only get a splash; when the ash isbefore the oak, then you may expect a soak A traditional way of predicting whether the summer will be wet or dry on the basis ofwhether the oak or the ash is first to come into leaf in the spring. 1852 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. V. 581 When the oak comes out before the ash, there will be fine weather in harvest. I.. find it generally correct. 1911 Times Literary Supplement 4 Aug. 285 One of the commonest weather rhymes in most parts of England deals with the budding of the oak and the ash:—When the oak’s before the ash Then you’ll only get a splash, When the ash is before the oak Then you may expect a soak. But in North Germany the signs are exactly inverted, and also in Cornwall. 1987 Daily Telegraph 22 June 12 My farmer neighbour and myself have always been great believers in the saying: ‘Ash before oak, we’ll get a soak Oak before ash, we’ll only have a splash.’ weather lore Beware of an OAK, it draws the stroke; avoid an ash, it counts the flash; creep underthe thorn, it can save you from harm Advice on where to shelter from lightning during a thunderstorm. 1878 Folk-Lore Record I. 43 Mothers teach their children to say—Beware of an oak, It draws the stroke; Avoid an ash; It counts the flash; Creep under the thorn, It can save you from harm. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise xvii. Some one would.. warn him to keep away from trees during a thunderstorm. .. Others would quote: Under oak there comes a stroke, Under elm there comes a calm, And under ash there comes a crash. necessity; security oak see also GREAT oaks from little acorns grow; LITTLE strokes fell great oaks; aREED before the wind lives on, while mighty oaks do fall. obedience see the FIRST duty of a soldier is obedience. He that cannot OBEY cannot command

Cf. SENECA De Ira II. xiv. nemo regere potest nisi qui et regi, no one can rule unless hecan also be ruled. a 1500 tr. T.à Kempis’ De Imitatione Christi (1893) xxiv. No man surely comaun- dith but he that hath lerned to obeye. 1581 G. PETTIE tr. S. Guazzo’s Civil Conversation III. 48V Those onely knowe well how to commaund, which know well howe to obaye. 1734 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Aug.) He that cannot obey, cannot command. 1850 H. MELVILLE White Jacket vi. As the only way to learn to command, is to learn to obey, the usage of a ship of war is such that midshipmen are constantly being ordered about by the Lieutenants. 1972 S. CLOETE Victorian Son ix. I did not mind the army because I knew I must learn to obey before I could command. obedience; rulers and ruled OBEY orders, if you break owners A nautical proverb; for the meaning see quot. 1924. 1782 W. GORDON Letter 30 Nov. in Proceedings of Massachusetts Hist. Society (1930) LXIII. 476 You will be safe, though you break orders that would break your owners. 1823 J. F. COOPER Pilot vii. The old rule runs, ‘Obey orders, if you break owners.’ 1924 R. CLEMENTS Gipsy of Horn iii. What could be sounder than ‘Obey orders, if you break owners’—meaning, do as you’re told, even if you know it’s wrong. 1976 J. R. L. ANDERSON Death on North Sea iv. I was brought up on the old sea maxim, ‘Obey orders if you break owners.’ obedience odd see there is LUCK in odd numbers. odious see COMPARISONS are odious. It is best to be OFF with the old love before you are on with the new 1801 M. EDGEWORTH Belinda I. x. I can give you my advice gratis, in the formula of an old Scotch song. ..‘’Tis good to be off with the old love, Before you be on with the new.’ 1819 SCOTT Bride of Lammermoor III. ii. It is best to be off wi’ the old love Before you be on wi’ the new. 1891 A. LANG Essays in Little 6 Dumas.. met the great man at Marseilles, where. .Alexandre chanced to be ‘on with the new love’ before being

The PITCHER will go to the well once too often A warning against pushing one’s luck too far. Cf. early 14th-cent. Fr. tant va pot a evequ’il brise, the pot goes so often to the water that it breaks. 1340 Ayenbite of lnwit (EETS) 206 Zuo longe geth thet pot to the wetere: thet hit comth to-broke hom. 1584 j. WITHALS Dict. (rev. ed.) Bl So oft goeth the pitcher to the well, that at last it commeth broken home. 1777 N. SHAW Collections of New London County Hist. Society (1933) I. 223 I shall send down what I have, but dont you think the Pitcher will go to the well once too often? 1880 Church Times 30 Apr. 275 Some of Mr. Gladstone’s feats in the way of sweeping obstacles out of his path have been wonderful; but the proverb tells us that the pitcher which goes oft to the well will be broken at last. 1996 ‘C. AIRD’ After Effects xvi. 187 Superintendent Leeyes would have to be disturbed on a Saturday all over again. And it was odds on that he wouldn’t like it. That quotation about the pitcher going to the well once too often had more than a ring of truth to it as far as the superintendent was concerned. misfortune; persistence pitcher see also LITTLE pitchers have large ears. pitchfork see you can DRIVE out Nature with a pitchfork, but she keeps on coming back. pitied see BETTER be envied than pitied. PITY is akin to love 1601 SHAKESPEARE Twelfth Night III. i. 119 I pity you.—That’s a degree to love. 1696 T. SOUTHERNE Oroonoko II. i. Do, pity me: Pity’s a-kin to Love. a 1895 F. LOCKER-LAMPSON My Confidences (1896) 95 They say that Pity is akin to Love, though only a Poor Relation; but Amy did not even pity me. 1942 ‘C. KINGSTON’ Murder Tunes In (1943) iii. 44 ‘It may not be love—it may be only pity.’ ‘You’re wrong,’ said Mrs. Armitage with the cheerfulness of one discussing something exceedingly pleasurable. ‘It’s not the pity that is akin to love—it’s love itself.’ love; pity A PLACE for everything, and everything in its place 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 379 All things have their place, knew wee how to place them. 1842 MARRYAT Masterman Ready II. i. In a well-conducted

man-of-war.. every thing in its place, and there is a place for every thing. 1855 T. C.HALIBURTON Nature & Human Nature I. vi. There was a place for everything, andeverything was in its place. 1928 D. L. SAYERS Lord Peter views Body x. ‘I thought youwere rather partial to anatomical specimens.’ ‘So I am, but not on the breakfast-table. “Aplace for everything and everything in its place,” as my grandmother used to say.’ 2002A. VANNEMAN Sherlock Holmes and Giant Rat of Sumatra ix. 80 The sailor’s apothegm—‘a place for everything, and everything in its place’—guided us, until at lengtheverything was stowed away.. orderlinessThere’s no PLACE like homeCf. HESIOD Works & Days l. 365 there’s no place like home. 1571 T. TUSSER Husbandry (rev. ed.) H1V Though home be but homely, yethuswife is taught, That home hath no fellow to such as haue aught. 1823 J. H. PAYNEClari I. i. ‘Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam, Be it ever so humble, there’sno place like home.’ 1939 E. F. BENSON Trouble for Lucia xi. ‘What a joy to have itback at Mallards again!’.. ‘No place like home is there, dear?’ 2002 Spectator 16 Mar. 26And then there is the tortoise who refused to come to Zeus’ party, arguing that there wasno place like home. So Zeus angrily condemned him to carry his house with himwherever he went. content and discontent; home place see also LIGHTNING never strikes the same place twice; there is a TIME and placefor everything; a WOMAN’S place is in the home.plague see PLEASE your eye and plague your heart. plant see it is not SPRING until you can plant your foot upon twelve daisies; WALNUTSand pears you plant for your heirs.He who PLANTS thorns should not expect to gather rosesArabic proverb; a version of as you SOW, so you reap. 1883 J. PLATT Piatt’s Essays 49 He has got it into his head, with Pope, that ‘Mannever is, but always to be, blest.’ This view of life must be reversed. Men must realizethat ‘he that plants thorns will not gather roses.’ 1971 D. FLAKSER Marxism, Ideology

and Myths 205 The means to the end tend to block the full realization of the end. ‘He who plants thorns should not expect to gather roses.’ action and consequence Those who PLAY at bowls must look out for rubbers Rubber is apparently an alteration of rub, an obstacle or impediment to the course of abowl. Cf. 1595 SHAKESPEARE Richard II III. iv. 4 Madam, we’ll play at bowls.—‘Twillmake me think the world is full of rubs. 1762 SMOLLETT Sir Launcelot Greaves I. x.(heading) Which sheweth that he who plays at bowls, will sometimes meet with rubbers. 1824 SCOTT Redgauntlet III. vi. ‘And how if it fails?’ said Darsie. ‘Thereafter as it may be—’ said Nixon; ‘they who play at bowls must meet with rubbers.’ 1874 L. STEPHEN Hours in Library I. 384 De Quincey.. admits.. that the fanaticism of the rub was ‘much more reasonable’ than the fanaticism of Priestly; and that those who play at bowls must look out for rubbers. 1907 F. W. HACKWOOD Old English Sports xi. Another term used in common speech and derived from this game [bowls] is ‘rub’; as when we say.. ‘he who plays at bowls must look out for rubs’—that is, he must consider the inequalities of the ground, and . . make due allowance for them. caution; foresight and hindsight; trouble If you PLAY with fire you get burnt The metaphorical phrase to play with fire, to tinker with something potentially dangerous,is also commonly found. Cf. 1655 H. VAUGHAN Silex Scintillans II. 15 I played with fire, didcounsell spurn,.. But never thought that fire would burn, Or that a soul could ake. 1884 R. H. THORPE Fenton Family xiv. If people will play with fire, they must expect to be burned by it some time. If I had not learned the game, and thought myself a good player, I’d never have lost Mother’s money. 1980 P. KINSLEY Vatch-man Switch xxiv. If you play with fire you get burnt. Shouldn’t mess around in Crown Colonies. action and consequence; peril play see also (noun) FAIR play’s a jewel; GIVE and take is fair play; TURN about is fairplay; all WORK and no play makes Jack a dull boy; (verb) when the CAT’S away, the micewill play. You can’t PLEASE everyone

1472 E. PASTON Letter 16 May in Paston Letters (1971) I. 635 I am in serteyn the contrary is true—yt is nomore but that he can not plese all partys. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 45 One can hardly please all men. 1844 RUSKIN Journal 30 Apr. in Diaries 1835–47 (1956) 274 At Ward’s about window—nothing done. Gastineau came up and don’t like mine: can’t please everybody. 1981 Daily Telegraph 16 May 18 The old adage, ‘you can’t please everyone’, holds good. conduct; public relations PLEASE your eye and plague your heart c 1617 A. BREWER LovesickKing (1655) III. E3V She may please your eye a little.. but vex your heart. 1748 SMOLLETT Roderick Random II. xl. Many a substantial farmer.. would be glad to marry her; but she was resolved to please her eye, if she should plague her heart. 1829 COBBETT Advice to Young Men III. cxxic. ‘Please your eye and plague your heart’ is an adage that want of beauty invented, I dare say, more than a thousand years ago. 1876 I. BANKS Manchester Man III. vi. But I will marry him, mamma—I’ll please my eye, if I plague my heart. appearance; beauty; love please see also LITTLE things please little minds. pleasure see BUSINESS before pleasure; he that would go to SEA for pleasure, would goto hell for a pastime. plum see a CHERRY year a merry year. An old POACHER makes the best gamekeeper c 1390 CHAUCER Physician’s Tale 1. 83 A theef of venysoun, that hath forlaft His likerousnesse [depravity] and al his olde craft, Kan kepe a forest best of any man. 1695 T. FULLER Church Hist. Britain IX. iii. Alwayes set a—to catch a—; and the greatest dear- stealers, make the best Parke-keepers. 1878 R. JEFFERIES Gamekeeper at Home ix. There is a saying that an old poacher makes the best gamekeeper, on the principle of setting a thief to catch a thief. 1970 v. CANNING Great Affair iii. What the Church needed, possibly, was a good leavening of sinners in its ministry, on the principle that poachers make the best gamekeepers. 1978 T. SHARPE Throwback i. 5 ‘You’ll have heard the saying that a poacher makes the best gamekeeper?.. Well, Dodd’s the reverse. He’s a gamekeeper who would have made the best poacher.’ guile; wrong-doers pocket see SHROUDS have no pockets.

point see POSSESSION is nine points of the law. poison see one man’s MEAT is another man’s poison. poke see you should KNOW a man seven years before you stir his fire. policy see HONESTY is the best policy. politeness see CIVILITY costs nothing; PUNCTUALITY is the politeness of princes. POLITICS makes strange bedfellows Politics has long been considered a plural noun; its use with a singular verb iscomparatively recent. A well-established variant of ADVERSITY makes strange bedfellows. 1839 P. HONE Diary 9 July (1927) I. 404 Party politics, like poverty, bring men ‘acquainted with strange bedfellows’. 1870 C. D. WARNER My Summer in Garden (1871) 187 The Doolittle raspberries have sprawled all over the strawberry-beds: so true is it that politics makes strange bed-fellows. 1936 M. MITCHELL Gone with Wind lviii. Ashley Wilkes and I are mainly responsible. Platitudinously but truly, politics make strange bedfellows. 1980 P. VAN GREENAWAY Dissident vii. Even enemies have something in common. Statecraft produces strange bedfellows. 1995 Washington Times 31 Mar. A4 Politics makes strange bedfellows, if Mr. Hyde will forgive the unforgivable but irresistible metaphor. associates; politics It is a POOR dog that’s not worth whistling for 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. xi. It is, as I haue learned in lystnyng, A poore dogge, that is not worth the whistlyng. 1614 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain (ed. 2) 303 A poore dog that is not worth the whystling. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 41 Because, Miss, you never ask’d me; and ‘tis an ill Dog that’s not worth whistling for. 1952 W. S. HOOLE Alias Simon Suggs i. It was a poor dog indeed that wasn’t worth whistling for. value It is a POOR heart that never rejoices

1834 MARRYAT Peter Simple I. v. ‘Well,’ continued he, ‘it’s a poor heart that never rejoiceth.’ He then poured out half a tumbler of rum. 1841 DICKENS Barnaby Rudge iv. What happened when I reached home you may guess. .. Ah! Well, it’s a poor heart that never rejoices. 1935 E. F. BENSON Lucia’s Progress viii. They were all men together, he said, and it was a sad heart that never rejoiced. 1979 J. SCOTT Clutch of Vipers iv. ‘It’s a poor heart’, Frankie told him, ‘that never rejoices.’ happiness poor see also one LAW for the rich and another for the poor; the RICH man has his ice inthe summer and the poor man gets his in the winter. Pope see it is ill SITTING at Rome and striving with the Pope. port see ANY port in a storm. POSSESSION is nine points of the law There is no specific legal ruling which supports this proverb—though the concept iswidely acknowledged—but in early use the satisfaction often (sometimes twelve) points wascommonly asserted to attest full entitlement or ownership. Possession, represented by nine (oreleven) points, is therefore the closest substitute for this. Cf. 1595 Edward III E3 Tis you arein possession of the Crowne, And thats the surest poynt of all the Law. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 163 Possession is nine points in the Law. 1659 J. IRETON Oration 5 This Rascally-devill.. denys to pay a farthing of rent. Tis true, possession is nine points of the Law, Yet give Gentlemen, right’s right. 1709 O. DYKES English Proverbs 213 Possession is a mighty Matter indeed; and we commonly say, ‘tis eleven Points of the Law. It goes a great Way to the giving of Security, but not any Right. 1822 T. L. PEACOCK Maid Marian v. In those days possession was considerably more than eleven points of the Law. The baron was therefore convinced that the earl’s outlawry was infallible. 1920 J. GALSWORTHY In Chancery II. xiv. We’re the backbone of the country. They [Leftists] won’t upset us easily. Possession’s nine points of the Law. 2002 Washington Times 17 Feb. B2 Mrs. Clinton told the New York Post, ‘You know, we followed every single law.’ And they did. So what if it was the law of the jungle (possession is nine-tenths of the law).. ? property possible see ALL things are possible with God; all’s for the BEST in the best of allpossible worlds.

post see the post of HONOUR is the post of danger. A POSTERN door makes a thief Similar to OPPORTUNITY makes a thief. A postern door is a back door or small entrancedistinct from the main access. c 1450 Proverbs of Good Counsel in Book of Precedence (EETS) 69 A nyse wyfe, and a back dore, Makyth often tymus A ryche man pore. 1573 J. SANFORDE Garden of Pleasure 107 The posterne dore destroyeth the house. 1611 J. DAVIES Scourge of Folly 146 The Posterne doore makes theefe and whore. But, were that dam’d with Stone, or Clay, Whoores and Theeues would find a way. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 6176 The Postern Door Makes Thief and Whore. 1977 J. AIKEN Five-Minute Marriage xi. ‘I shall never be able to sleep securely in this room, if thieves are to be always breaking in and waking me up!’ ‘A postern door do always make a thief.’ honesty and dishonesty; opportunity, taken pot see if IFS and ands were pots and pans, there’d be no work for tinkers’ hands; aLITTLE pot is soon hot; you cannot get a QUART into a pint pot; a WATCHED pot neverboils. pound see IN for a penny, in for a pound; an OUNCE of practice is worth a pound ofprecept; take care of the PENCE and the pounds will take care of themselves; PENNY wiseand pound foolish. pour see it never RAINS but it pours. When POVERTY comes in at the door, love flies out of the window Similar in sentiment to 1474 CAXTON Game of Chess III. iii. Herof men saye a comynprouerbe in englond that loue lastest as longe as the money endurith. 1631 R. BRATHWAIT English Gentlewoman vi. It hath been an old Maxime; that as pouerty goes in at one doore, loue goes out at the other. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmio-logia Anglo-Latina 25 When povertie comes in at doores, love leapes out at win-dowes. 1790 Universal Asylum Aug. 84 I hope, ladies, none of you may ever experience, that ‘when

poverty comes in at the door, love flies out at the windows’. 1894 J. LUBBOCK Use of Life iii. It is a mean proverb that, ‘When poverty comes in at the door, love flies out of the window’. 1968 J. N. LOCH Fringe of Blue 6 Edith’s family all believed that love flew out of the window when poverty came in at the door. love, blighted; povertyPOVERTY is no disgrace, but it is a great inconvenience 1591 J. FLORIO Second Fruits 105 Neuer be ashamed of thy calling, for Pouertie is no vice, though it be an inconvenience. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 278 Poortha [poverty] is a Pain, but no Disgrace. Unless it be the Effects of Laziness, and Luxury. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise i. ‘Poverty’s no disgrace, but ‘tis a great inconvenience’ was a common saying among the Lark Rise people; but.. their poverty was no less than a hampering drag upon them. povertyPOVERTY is not a crime 1591 J. FLORIO Second Fruits 105 Pouertie is no vice. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 844 Poverty is no sinne. 1785 C. MACKLIN Man of World iv. 56 Her Poverty is not her crime, Sir, but her misfortune. 1839 DICKENS Nicholas Nickleby lv. ‘Remember how poor we are.’ Mrs. Nickleby.. said through her tears that poverty was not a crime. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise ii. There’s nothing the matter with Lark Rise folks but poverty, and that’s no crime. If it was, we should likely be hung ourselves. 1973 G. MIKES Spy who died of Boredom 50 The English say: poverty is not a sin but something much worse. povertypoverty see also ADVERSITY makes strange bedfellows.powder see put your TRUST in God, and keep your powder dry.POWER corruptsThe proverb is now commonly used in allusion to quot. 1887. 1876 TROLLOPE Prime Minister IV. viii. We know that power does corrupt, and that we cannot trust kings to have loving hearts. 1887 LD. ACTON Letter in Life & Letters of Mandel Creighton (1904) I. xiii. Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men, even when they exercise

influence and not authority. 1957 V. BRITTAIN Testament of Experience II. ix. The processes by which ‘power corrupts’ are perhaps inevitable. 1979 McCARRY Better Angels IV. xii. He doesn’t know that power corrupts; there’s nothing dark in him. 2001 Washington Times 1 Sept. A10 To paraphrase Lord Acton: Power corrupts. Extended service in Congress corrupts absolutely. powerpower see also KNOWLEDGE is power; MONEY is power.PRACTICE makes perfect 1553 T. WILSON Art of Rhetoric 3 Eloquence was vsed, and through practise made parfect. 1599 H. PORTER Two Angry Women of Abington 1. 913 Forsooth as vse makes perfectnes, so seldome seene is soone forgotten. 1761 J. ADAMS Diary (1961) 1.192 Practice makes perfect. 1863 C. READE Hard Cash III. iv. He lighted seven fires, skillfully on the whole, for practice makes perfect. 1979 D. LESSING Shikasta 185 It is like playing the piano or riding a bicycle. Practice makes perfect. 2002 Country Life 14 Feb. 49 The quality of the [blackbird’s] song improves as the season progresses. ..This, presumably, is a matter of practice makes perfect. diligencepractice see also an OUNCE of practice is worth a pound of precept.PRACTISE what you preach 1377 LANGLAND Piers Plowman B. XIII. 79 This goddes gloton.. Hath no pyte on vs pore. He perforneth yuel [does evil], That he precheth he preueth [demonstrates] nought. 1639 T. FULLER Holy War I. xxiii. The Levites.. had 48 cities.. being better provided for then many English ministers, who may preach of hospitalitie to their people, but cannot go to the cost to practice their own doctrine. 1678 R. L’ES-TRANGE Seneca’s Morals II. ii. We must practise what we preach. 1725 E. YOUNG Universal Passion III. 48 Ye doctors sage, who thro’ Parnassus teach, Or quit the tub, or practise what you preach. 1854 THACKERAY Newcomes I. xiv. Take counsel by an old soldier, who fully practises what he preaches, and beseeches you to beware of the bottle. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise iv. Songs of a high moral tone, such as:.. practise what you preach. 1970 D. CLARK Deadly Pattern iv. He was more than scornful of drink know-alls who practised what they preached even against their own palates. words and deedsPRAISE the child, and you make love to the mother

1829 COBBETT Advice to Young Men iv. clxxxi. It is an old saying, ‘Praise the child, and you make love to the mother’; and it is surprising how far this will go. 1885 E. J. HARDY How to be Happy though Married xix. ‘Praise the child, and you make love to the mother,’ and it is a thing that no husband ought to overlook. children and parents praise see also (noun) SELF-praise is no recommendation. pray see be CAREFUL what you pray for, you might get it; the FAMILY that praystogether stays together; he that cannot PAY, let him pray. precept see EXAMPLE is better than precept; an OUNCE of practice is worth a pound ofprecept. prepare see HOPE for the best and prepare for the worst; if you want PEACE, you mustprepare for war. present see no TIME like the present. preservation see SELF-preservation is the first law of nature. pressed see one VOLUNTEER is worth two pressed men. PRETTY is as pretty does US equivalent to HANDSOME is as handsome does. 1853 T. C. HALIBURTON Sam Slick’s Wise Saws i. 136 Avery smart little boy; and Old Hundreth . . tells me you are a very good boy, and that’s better, for pretty is as pretty does. a 1871 A. CARY ‘Pretty is that Pretty Does’ in M. C. Ames Memorial of Alice and Phoebe Cary (1874) 238 My child, who reads this simple lay With eyes down-dropt and tender, Remember the old proverb says That pretty is, which pretty does And that worth does not go nor stay For poverty nor splendor. 1991 H. P. MCADOO in Journal of Negro Education lx. 362 On special occasions a big (and I do mean big) bow was placed on top of my head. As my mother wrestled with my hair she often tossed out little proverbs such as ‘Pretty is as pretty does.’ 2002 Washington Times 23 July B5 There is an old saying, ‘Pretty is as pretty does.’ It’s a wise woman who learns that lesson early. appearance; conduct

PREVENTION is better than cure Cf. c 1240 BRACTON De Legibus v. x. melius & utilius [est] in tempore occurrere, quampost causam vulneratam quaerere remedium, it is better and more useful to meet a problem intime than to seek a remedy after the damage is done. 1618 T. ADAMS Happiness of Church 146 Preuention is so much better then healing, because it saues the labour of being sicke. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 3962 Prevention is much preferable to Cure. 1826 J. PINTARD Letter 19 Apr. (1940) II. 257 Prevention is better than cure. .. With perseverance we shall save numbers of little Devils from becoming big ones. 1954 R. HAYDN Journal of Edwin Carp 148 ‘Why do you wear those old galoshes when the sun’s shining?’.. ‘Prevention’s better than Cure.’ 1996 ‘C. AIRD’ After Effects iii. 28 ‘Glad to hear it, sir,’ said Sloan, adding prosaically, ‘You could say that prevention’s better than cure in the police world as well as the medical one.’ foresight and hindsight; prudence price see EVERY man has his price. PRIDE feels no pain 1614 T. ADAMS Devil’s Banquet II. 73 Pride is neuer without her own paine, though shee will not feele it: be her garments what they will, yet she will neuer be too hot, nor too colde. 1631 JONSON New Inn II. i. Thou must make shift with it. Pride feeles no pain. Girt thee hard, Pru. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 277 Pride finds no cold. Spoken.. to Beaus [fops] with their open Breasts, and Ladies with their extravagant Hoops [hooped skirts]. 1865 SURTEES Facey Romford’s Hounds xxxii. It was hard upon the old boy, who .. was not at all adapted for the sport; but pride feels no pain, and he went at it like a man. 1981 Radio Times 28 Feb.-6 Mar. 43 (advertisement) Pride feels no pain, the saying goes. Thankfully, with Clarks [shoes] it doesn’t have to. pride PRIDE goes before a fall Pride precedes disaster. An elliptical version of PROVERBS xvi. 18 (AV) Pride goethbefore destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall. c 1390 GOWER Confessio Amantis I. 3062 Pride.. schal doun falle. 1509 A.

BARCLAY Ship of Fools 195V First or last foule pryde wyll haue a fall. 1784 S. JOHNSON Letter 2 Aug. (1952) III. 191 I am now reduced to think.. of the weather. Pride must have a fall. 1856 H. MELVILLE Piazza Tales 431 The bell’s main weakness was where man’s blood had flawed it. And so pride went before the fall. 1930 W. S. MAUGHAM Cakes & Ale v. I suppose he thinks he’d be mayor himself. .. Pride goeth before a fall. 1980 M. L. WEST in K. J. Dover Ancient Greek Literature iii. The spectacle of Xerxes’ defeat tremendously reinforced the traditional conviction that pride goes before a fall. 2001 K. HALL PAGE Body in Moonlight epilogue 233 Millicent had disagreed. Vanity, pure and simple. Pride goeth before a fall. It was one of the maxims by which Millicent lived. pride; retribution priest see ONCE a priest, always a priest; like PEOPLE, like priest. prince see whosoever DRAWS his sword against the prince must throw the scabbardaway; PUNCTUALITY is the politeness of princes. problem see if you’re not part of the SOLUTION you’re part of the problem; a TROUBLEshared is a trouble halved. PROCRASTINATION is the thief of time 1742 E. YOUNG Night Thoughts I. 18 Procrastination is the Thief of Time; Year after year it steals, till all are fled. 1850 DICKENS David Copperfield xii. Never do to- morrow what you can do to-day. Procrastination is the thief of time. 1935 O. NASH Primrose Path 100 Far from being the thief of Time, procrastination is the king of it. 2000 D. LINDSAY CuttingEdge of Barney Thomson xxi. 219 ‘Ach, well, ye know how it is,.. an’ so I procrastinated, I must admit. I know what ye must be thinking, laddie.. Procrastination is the thief of time, aye, isn’t that the truth.’ procrastination PROMISES, like pie-crust, are made to be broken 1681 Heraclitus Ridens 16 Aug. He makes no more of breaking Acts of Parliaments, than if they were like Promises and Pie-crust made to be broken. 1871 TROLLOPE Ralph the Heir II. iv. ‘Promises like that are mere pie-crust,’ said Ralph. 1981 Family Circle Feb. 66 Promises, like pie-crusts, they say, are made to be broken. Not at Sainsbury’s. Every single pie they sell lives up to the promise of its famous name. 2002 Oldie Aug. 26 Unhappily for most of those zillionaire twenty-somethings—and for those who invested in the New Economy they thought they had invented—their promises turned out to be piecrust. deception

The PROOF of the pudding is in the eating Proof means ‘test’ rather than the more normal ‘verification, proving to be true’. c 1300 King Alisaunder (EETS) 1. 4038 Jt is ywrite that euery thing Hymself sheweth in the tastyng. 1623 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain (ed. 3) 266 All the proofe of a pudding, is in the eating. 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 100 (note)Astheysay at the winding up, or the proof of the pudding is in the eating. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation ii. 132 The Proof of the Pudden is in the Eating. 1842 R. H. BARHAM Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 25 With respect to the scheme.. I’ve known soldiers adopt a worse stratagem. .. There’s a proverb however, I’ve always thought clever.. The proof of the Pudding is found in the eating. 1924 J. GALSWORTHY White Monkey III. xii. Let us.. look at the thing more widely. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. 1997 New Scientist 19 July 41 Lindzen for one argues that if the models get the detail wrong, they will get the big picture wrong, too. But modellers say the proof of the pudding is in the eating. appearance; reality and illusion A PROPHET is not without honour save in his own country With allusion to MATTHEW xiii. 57 (AV) A prophet is not without honour, save in hisown country, and in his own house. a 1485 CAXTON in Malory Works (1967) I. p. cxlv. The word of God.. sayth that no man is accept for a prophete in his owne contreye. 1603 J. FLORIO tr. Montaigne’s Essays III. ii. No man hath beene a Prophet..in his owne country, saith the experience of histories. 1771 SMOLLETT Humphry Clinker III. 92 The captain, like the prophets of old, is but little honoured in his own country. 1946 W. S. MAUGHAM Then & Now xxx. In Florence.. they had no great confidence in his judgment and never followed his advice. ‘A prophet is not without honour save in his own country.’ 2002 Spectator 2 Feb. 48 ‘I hope you don’t mind, but my wife is in love with your Prime Minister.’ ‘Mind? Not I,’ I coughed. ‘A prophet is not without honour save in his own country,’ another quoted. familiarity; honour propose see MAN proposes, God disposes. prosper see CHEATS never prosper.

protect see HEAVEN protects children, sailors, and drunken men. prove see the EXCEPTION proves the rule. provide see TAKE the goods the gods provide. PROVIDENCE is always on the side of the big battalions Cf. 1673 MME DE SEVIGNE Letter 22 Dec. la fortune est toujours, comme disait lepauvre M. de Turenne, pour les gros bataillons, fortune is always, as poor Mr. de Turenneused to say, for the big battalions. 1822 A. GRAYDON Memoirs v. Heaven was ever found favourable to strong battalions. 1842 A. ALLISON Hist. Europe X. lxxviii. Providence was always on the side of dense battalions. 1904 ‘SAKI’ Reginald 63 Someone has observed that Providence is always on the side of the big dividends. 1943 R. A. J. WALLING Corpse by any Other Name iii. Our statesmen.. ought to have learned years ago that Providence is always on the side of the big battalions. 1979 Guardian 9 July 9 Many thousands more voices now are raised in the name of sanity. But I dare say God is still on the side of the big battalions. great and small; providence public see one does not WASH one’s dirty linen in public. Any PUBLICITY is good publicity 1933 R. CHANDLER in Black Mask Dec. 26 Rhonda Farr said: ‘Publicity, darling. Just publicity. Any kind is better than none at all.’ 1974 P. CAVE Dirtiest Picture Postcard xiv. Haven’t you ever heard the old adman’s adage.. ‘any publicity is good publicity’? 1986 ‘C. AIRD’ Dead Liberty xii. Bill wasn’t too worried. Like the old trouper he is, he insisted that all publicity is good publicity. 2002 Washington Times 9 May C8 Mike Tyson may have disproved the adage that any publicity is good publicity. public relations pudding see the PROOF of the pudding is in the eating. puddle see the SUN loses nothing by shining into a puddle. It is easier to PULL down than to build up

1577 R. STANYHURST Hist. Ireland in Holinshed Chronicles 89 It is easie to raze, but hard to buylde. 1587 J. BRIDGES Defence of Government in Church of England VI. 518 We may quicklier pull downe with one hande, than wee can easilie builde againe with both. 1644 J. HOWELL Dodona’s Grove 134 In politicall affaires, as well as mechanicall, it is farre easier to pull downe, then build up. 1909 Times 29 Apr. 9 Turkey and her new rulers.. have astonished those who thought they knew the Turks best by..the vigour..with which the great change has been conducted. .. But it is easier always and everywhere to pull down than to build up. 1932 C. BROGAN Ghost Walks 22 Some of the local boys tried it in the usual way. You know the kind of thing ‘...the fair fame of our city is impugned, the great achievements of our forefathers are being distorted by a morbid mind, it is easier to knock down than build up,’ and so on. destruction PUNCTUALITY is the politeness of princes Fr. l’exactitude est la politesse des rois, punctuality is the politeness of kings (attributed toLouis XVIII, 1755–1824). 1834 M. EDGEWORTH Helen II. ix. ‘Punctuality is the virtue of princes.’.. Mr. Harley.. would have ridiculed so antiquated a notion. 1854 SURTEES Handley Cross (ed. 2) xli. Punctuality is the purlitness o’ princes, and I doesn’t like keepin’ people waitin’. 1930 G. MITCHELL Mystery of Butcher Shop (1990) iii. 31 ‘Now do try to be down in time for breakfast to-morrow morning. Remember—“Punctuality is the politeness of princes.” So charming of them, I always think. 1981 P. MCCUTCHAN Shard calls Tune xv. One should never keep people waiting; punctuality was the politeness of princes. politeness; punctuality PUNCTUALITY is the soul of business 1853 T. C. HALIBURTON Wise Saws I. iii. ‘Punctuality,’ sais I, ‘my lord, is the soul of business.’ 1911 w. CROSSING Folk Rhymes of Devon 16 Punctuality is the soul of business, and in these days of cheap watches there can be no excuse for anybody failing to cultivate the habit. 1940 C. DICKSON And so to Murder 181 Punctuality.. has been called the politeness of kings. It’s more than that: it’s plain good business. business; punctuality punished see CORPORATIONS have neither bodies to be punished nor souls to bedamned. To the PURE all things are pure

With allusion to TITUS i. 15 (AV) Unto the pure all things are pure: but unto them that aredefiled and unbelieving is nothing pure. 1854 S. M. HAYDEN Early Engagements ii. Would that our earth were more frequently brightened and purified by such spirits. .. ‘To the pure all things are pure.’ 1895 G. ALLEN Woman who Did vii. Herminia, for her part, never discovered she was talked about. To the pure all things are pure. 1996 ‘C. AIRD’ After Effects xiv. 161 Sloan’s mother, a great churchwoman in her day, always insisted that to the pure all things were pure. virtue purgatory see ENGLAND is the paradise of women. purpose see the DEVIL can quote Scripture for his own ends. purse see you can’t make a SILK purse out of a sow’s ear. Don’t PUT the cart before the horse Most commonly as the phrase (putting) the cart before the horse. c 1520 R. WHITTINGTON Vulgaria (1527) 2 That techer setteth the carte before the horse that preferreth imitacyon before preceptes. 1589 G. PUTTENHAM Arte of English Poesie (Arber) 181 We call it in English prouerbe, the cart before the horse, the Greeks call it Histeron proteron. 1801 M. EDGEWORTH Belinda iii. Esteem ever followed affection, instead of affection following esteem. Woe be to all who in morals preposterously put the cart before the horse! 2002 CAI TRANSCRIPTION (web site) 17 May We at CAI say not to put the cart before the horse. Don’t invest heavily in reference materials that you most probably will not even use in the future during your career as a Medical Transcriptionist. patience and impatience; ways and means Never PUT off till tomorrow what you can do today The proverb is often humorously reversed (see quots. 1869 and 1980). Cf. mid 14th-cent.Fr. le bien que tu peus faire au matin, n’attens pas le soir ne l’endemain, do not wait for theevening or the next day (to do) the good which you can do in the morning.

c 1386 CHAUCER Tale of Melibee 1. 1793 An olde proverbe.. seith that ‘the good- nesse that thou mayst do this day, do it, and abide nat ne delaye it nat til to-morwe’. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 42 Deferre not vntill to morrow, if thou canst do it to day. 1633 J. HOWELL Familiar Letters 5 Sept. (1903) II. 140 Secretary Cecil.. would ofttimes speak of himself, ‘It shall never be said of me that I will defer till tomorrow what I can do to- day.’ 1749 CHESTERFIELD Letter 26 Dec. (1932) IV. 1478 No procrastination; never put off til to-morrow what you can do to-day. 1869 C. H. SPURGEON John Ploughman’s Talk vii. These slow coaches think that to-morrow is better than to-day, and take for their rule an old proverb turned topsy-turvy—‘Never do to-day what you can put off till tomorrow.’ 1980 J. LEES-MILNE Harold Nicolson xv. Lord Sackville was.. a lovable, easy-going but indolent peer whose philosophy is best summarized in one of his pet sayings: ‘Never do today what you can possibly put off until tomorrow.’ 2002 Washington Post 16 Feb. C13 (Born Loser comic strip) ‘Brutus, weren’t you going to take down the Christmas lights this weekend?’ ‘No.. Next weekend, Gladys! Never put off till tomorrow what you can put off till next weekend!’ efficiency and inefficiency; procrastination put see also don’t put all your EGGS in one basket; you can’t put NEW wine in oldbottles; you cannot put an OLD head on young shoulders; put a STOUT heart to a stey brae;put your TRUST in God, and keep your power dry. pyramids see man fears TIME, but time fears the pyramids.

Q The QUARREL of lovers is the renewal of love Cf. TERENCE Andria 1. 555 amantium irae amoris integratiost, lovers’ quarrels are astrengthening of love. c 1520 Terence in English C1 The angers of louers renew love agayn. 1576 R. EDWARDES Paradise of Dainty Devises 42 Now haue I founde, the prouerbe true to proue, The fallyng out of faithfull frends, is the renuyng of love. 1624 BURTON Anatomy of Melancholy (ed. 2) III. ii. She would.. picke quarrells vpon no occasion, because she would be reconciled to him againe. .. The falling out of lovers is the renuing of loue. 1754 RICHARDSON Grandison III. xviii. The falling out of Lovers.. is the renewal of Love. Are we not now better friends than if we had never differed? 1874 TROLLOPE Phineas Redux II. xxix. She knew that ‘the quarrel of lovers is the renewal of love’. At any rate, the woman always desires that it may be so, and endeavours to reconcile the parted ones. 1905 Graphic (Christmas) 14 (caption) The quarrel of lovers is the renewal of love. 1980 M. GILBERT Death of Favourite Girl ii. Bear in mind, ladies, that a lovers’ quarrel sometimes signifies the rebirth of love. love quarrel see also (noun) it takes TWO to make a quarrel; (verb) a BAD workman blameshis tools. You cannot get a QUART into a pint pot A quart is an imperial measure of two pints. The metaphorical phrase to get (or put) aquart into a pint pot is also used. 1896 Daily News 23 July 4 They had been too ambitious. They had attempted what he might describe in homely phrase as putting a quart into a pint pot. 1934 C. F. GREGG Execution of Diamond Deutsch xi. He whistled thoughtfully. ‘You can’t get a quart into a pint pot—is that it?’ asked the South African officer, quick to see the reason. 1948 P. M. WARNER Embroidery Mary xi. When they.. got down to.. packing it was found to be a case of’quarts into pint pots will not go.’ 1974 W. FOLEY Child in Forest I. 101 A quart may not go into a pint pot, but my feet had to go into those boots. great and small; possibility and impossibility

queer see there’s NOWT so queer as folk. quench see DIRTY water will quench fire. question see ASK a silly question and you get a silly answer; ASK no questions and hearno lies; a CIVIL question deserves a civil answer; FOOLS ask questions that wise men cannotanswer; there are TWO sides to every question. QUICKLY come, quickly go Similar to EASY come, easy go. 1583 B. MELBANCKE Philotimus 151 Quickly spent, thats easely gotten. 1631 J. MABBE tr. F. de Rojas’ Celestina I. 8 Quickly be wonne, and quickly be lost. 1869 W. C. HAZLITT English Proverbs 322 Quickly come, quickly go. 1947 C. MACKENZIE Whisky Galore iii. Quick come, quick go. The wind got up in a moment and it will drop just as suddenly. 1979 N. GOLLER Tomorrow’s Silence iv. ‘Was he alright when you came home?’.. ‘Yes, what comes quickly must go quickly, that’s what I say.’ getting and spending quickly see also he GIVES twice who gives quickly. quiet see the best DOCTORS are Dr Diet, Dr Quiet, and Dr Merryman. quote see the DEVIL can quote Scripture for his own ends.

R The RACE is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong With allusion to ECCLESIASTES ix. 11 (AV) The race is not to the swift, nor the battle tothe strong. 1632 BURTON Anatomy of Melancholy (ed. 4) II. iii. It is not honesty, learning, worth, wisdome, that preferres men, The race is not to the swift, nor the battell to the stronger [1638 strong]. 1873 C. M. YONGE Pillars of House III. xxxii. Poor child! she lay.. trying to work out.. why the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong. 1901 G. B. SHAW Caesar & Cleopatra in Three Plays for Puritans 96 The descendants of the gods did not stay to be butchered, cousin. The battle was not to the strong; but the race was to the swift. 2002 Washington Times 7 Mar. A16 The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong—but how come? One good reason: Ours is an imperfect world, full to the brim with imperfect people. success race see also SLOW and steady wins the race. ragged see there’s many a GOOD cock come out of a tattered bag. RAIN before seven, fine before eleven 1853 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. VIII. 218 Weather Proverbs. ..Rain before seven, fine before eleven. 1909 Spectator 20 Mar. 452 ‘Rain before seven, shine before eleven,’ is one of the most trustworthy of all country saws. 1940 B. DE VOTO (title) Rain before seven. 1961 THIRKELL & LEJUNE Three Score & Ten vii. The morning of the Agricultural dawned fair and bright. Naturally there were wisebeards who shook their heads over this and said Ar, that were a bad sign for certain sure, rain before seven, fine before eleven, and stands to reason the contrairy [sic] holds. weather lore rain see also blessed are the DEAD that the rain rains on; if in FEBRUARY there be norain, ‘tis neither good for hay nor grain; SAINT Swithun’s day if thou be fair for forty days itwill remain. It never RAINS but it pours

An archaic use of but to introduce an inevitable accompanying circumstance. 1726 J. ARBUTHNOT (title) It cannot rain but it pours. 1770 C. BURNEY Music, Men and Manners in France and Italy (1974) 22 July 54 The singers were the same as I had heard at the Burletta. .. ‘It never rains, but it pours!’ 1857 TROLLOPE Barchester Towers III. xii. A wife with a large fortune too. It never rains but it pours, does it, Mr. Thorne? 1979 L. BARNEA Reported Missing vii. I listened to the radio. Ben Gurion had suffered a stroke. .. It never rains but it pours. 2002 Washington Post 1 Mar. C5 When it rains, it pours, and Matt Sullivan is being flooded out by women who want to have sex with him. misfortuneIt is easier to RAISE the Devil than to lay him 1655 T. FULLER Church Hist. Britain x. iv. The Boy having gotten a habit of counterfeiting.. would not be undeviled by all their Exorcisms, so that the Priests raised up a Spirit which they could not allay. 1725 N. BAILEY tr. Erasmus’ Colloquies 202 ‘Tis an old Saying and a true, ‘Tis an easier Matter to raise the Devil, than ‘tis to lay him. 1845 MACAULAY Works (1898) XII. 136 Did you think, when, to serve your turn, you called the Devil up, that it was as easy to lay him as to raise him? 2003 National Post’s Financial Post & FP Investing (Canada) 5 May FP6 The latest revelation about Qwest wasn’t the only reminder that, as Erasmus once said, it’s easier to raise the devil than to lay him to rest. As a matter of fact, it was a banner week for fresh exposures of transgressions by prominent sinners, corporate and human alike. good and evil; prudenceransom see a PECK of March dust is worth a king’s ransom.rat see the CAT, the rat, and Lovell the dog, rule all England under the hog.reach see STRETCH your arm no further than your sleeve will reach.reap see as you SOW, so you reap; they that SOW the wind shall reap the whirlwind.There is REASON in the roasting of eggsThere is reason behind every action, however odd it may seem.

1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (English) 12 Ther’s reason in rosting of Eggs. 1785 J. BOSWELL Journal of Tour of Hebrides 24 (note) Every man whatever is more or less a cook, in seasoning what he himself eats.—Your definition is good, said Mr. Burke, and I now see the full force of the common proverb, ‘There is reason in roasting of eggs’. 1867 TROLLOPE Last Chronicle of Barset II. lxxv. But there’s reason in the roasting of eggs, and.. money is not so plentiful.. that your uncle can afford to throw it into the Barchester gutters. 1915 SOMERVILLE & ROSS In Mr. Knox’s Country ix. I seemed to myself merely an imbecile, sitting in heavy rain, staring at a stone wall. Half an hour, or more, passed. ‘I’m going out of this,’ I said to myself defiantly; ‘there’s reason in the roasting of eggs.’ idiosyncrasy recalled see things PAST cannot be recalled. receive see it is BETTER to give than to receive. If there were no RECEIVERS, there would be no thieves c 1390 CHAUCER Cook’s Tale 1. 4415 There is no theef with-oute a lowke [accomplice], That helpeth hym to wasten and to sowke [cheat]. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. xii. F1 This prouerbe preeues, Where be no receyuers, there be no theeues. 1614 T. ADAMS Devil’s Banquet II. 67 The Calumniator is a wretched Thiefe, and robs man of the best thing he hath. .. But if there were no receiuer, there would be no Thiefe. 1884 R. JEFFERIES Red Deer v. No one would buy a stolen deer, knowing the inevitable consequences, and as there are no receivers.. there are no thieves. 1926 Times 22 Nov. 11 It had often been said in those Courts that if there were no receivers there would be no thieves. associates; wrong-doers reckoning see AFTER the feast comes the reckoning; SHORT reckonings make longfriends. recommendation see SELF-praise is no recommendation. RED sky at night, shepherd’s delight; red sky in the morning, shepherd’s warning One of the most persistent of the weather sayings, used by sailors as well as shepherds (seequots. 1893 and 1996). With allusion to MATTHEW xvi. 2–3 (AV) When it is evening, ye say,

It will be fair weather: for the sky is red. And in the morning, It will be foul weather to day:for the sky is red and louring. c 1395 WYCLIF Bible Matthew xvi. 2 The eeuenynge maad, yeseien, It shal be cleer, for the heuene is lijk to reed; and the morwe, To day tempest, for heuenshyneth heuy, or sorwful. c 1454 R. PECOCK Follower to Donet (EETS) 54 We trowen [believe] that this day schal be a reyny day for that his morownyng was reed, or that to morow schal be a fayre day for that his euentide is reed. 1592–3 SHAKESPEARE Venus & Adonis 1. 453 Like a red morn, that ever yet betoken’d Wreck to the seaman.. Sorrow to shepherds. 1893 R. INWARDS Weather Lore 53 Sky red in the morning Is a sailor’s sure warning; Sky red at night Is the sailor’s delight. 1920 Punch 14 July 36 Red sky at night shepherd’s delight. .. Red sky in the morning shepherd’s warning. 1979 P. ALEXANDER Show me Hero xxv. ‘Going to be a fine day,’ he said at last. ‘Red sky in the morning, shepherd’s warning,’ Ashman said. 1995 R. ORMEROD And Hope to Die ii. 15 The next morning it was raining steadily, this in spite of the flush of sunset the evening before. .. Red sky at night, shepherds’ delight. Well all right, perhaps so, if they’d been praying for rain. 2002 M. DAHL Coral Coffin ii. 16 Pink clouds sailed high over the island. What was that saying I had heard from Uncle Stoppard? Red skies at night: a sailor’s delight Red skies at morning: a sailor takes warning. weather lore redressed see a FAULT confessed is half redressed. A REED before the wind lives on, while mighty oaks do fall c 1385 CHAUCER Troilus & Criseyde II. 1387 And reed that boweth down for every blast, Ful lightly, cesse wynd, it wol aryse. 1621 BURTON Anatomy of Melancholy II. iii. Though I liue obscure, yet I liue cleane and honest, and when as the lofty oake is blowne downe, the silly [frail] reed may stand. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 3692 Oaks may fall, when Reeds stand the Storm. 1954 R. HAYDN Journal of Edwin Carp 20 Remembering that ‘a reed before the wind lives on—while mighty oaks do fall,’ I attempted to remove the pencil marks with my pocket eraser. great and small; strength and weakness refuse see the SEA refuses no river. regulated see ACCIDENTS will happen (in the best-regulated families). rejoice see it is a POOR heart that never rejoices.

There is a REMEDY for everything except death Cf. medieval L. contra malum mortis, non est medicamen in hortis, against the evil ofdeath there is no remedy in the garden. c 1430 J. LYDGATE Dance of Machabree (EETS) 1. 432 Agens deeth is worth [useful] no medicine. 1573 J. SANFORDE Garden of Pleasure 52 There is a remedie for all things, sauing for death. 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote II. lxiv. There is a remedy for everything but death, said Don Quixote; for tis but hauing a Barke ready at the Sea side, and in spite of all the world we may embarke our selues. a 1895 F. LOCKER-LAMPSON My Confidences (1896) 95 There is a remedy for everything except Death . . so the bitterness of this disappointment has long passed away. 1974 Times 30 Sept. 25 I found the same readiness to wait reflected in a Spanish proverb which was quoted to me: Para todo hay remedio menos para la muerte (there is a cure for everything except death). It was a housewife speaking of Gibraltar’s present difficulties, and she meant that sooner or later a way out would be found. death; finality remedy see also DESPERATE diseases must have desperate remedies. remember see feed a DOG for three days and he will remember your kindness for threeyears . . . removal see THREE removals are as bad as a fire. renewal see the QUARREL of lovers is the renewal of love. repair see a WOMAN and a ship ever want mending. repeat see HISTORY repeats itself. repent see MARRY in haste and repent at leisure. rest see (noun) a CHANGE is as good as a rest; (verb) AFTER dinner rest a while, aftersupper walk a mile. return see a BAD penny always turns up; the DOG returns to his vomit; the TONGUE

always returns to the sore tooth.REVENGE is a dish that can be eaten cold Vengeance need not be exacted immediately; but cf. 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ DonQuixote II. lxiii. Reuenge is not good in cold bloud. 1885 C. LOWE Prince Bismarck I. iv. He had defended Olmutz, it is true, but.. witha secret resolution to ‘eat the dish of his revenge cold instead of hot’. 1895 J. PAYN InMarket Overt xvii. Invective can be used at any time; like vengeance, it is a dish that canbe eaten cold. 1975 J. O’FAOLAIN Women in Wall iii. Revenge.. is a meal that’s as tastycold as hot. Tastier cold sometimes. 1997 Washington Post 6 Nov. E6 Revenge is a dishbest served cold. Let’s see what happens one of these cold Octobers. 2007 Times 14 Sept.34 They say that revenge is a dish best served cold but I think that now has been trumpedby Mrs T. For yesterday revenge was served with tea and cakes. patience andimpatience; revengeREVENGE is sweet C f . HOMER Iliad XVIII. 109like smoke in the breasts of men. anger.. that far sweeter than trickling honey wells up 1566 W. PAINTER Palace of Pleasure 300 Vengeance is sweete vnto him, which inplace of killing his enemy, giueth life to a perfect frende. 1609 JONSON SilentWomanIV. V. O reuenge, how sweet art thou! 1658 Whole Duty of Man XVI. 346 ‘Tis a devilishphrase in the mouth of men, that revenge is sweet. .. Is it possible there can be any suchsweetnesse in it? 1775 SHERIDAN St. Patrick’s Day II. 22 ‘Revenge is sweet’.. andthough disappointed of my designs upon your daughter, . . I’m revenged on her unnaturalfather. 1861 H. KINGSLEY Ravenshoe II. x. Revenge is sweet—to some. Not to him.1980 J. PORTER Dover beats Band xv. He came to the conclusion that though revengemay be sweet, knowledge . . is better than money in the bank. revengerevenue see THRIFT is a great revenue.REVOLUTIONS are not made with rose-water

With reference to 1789 CHAMFORT in Marmontel Works (1818) II. 294 voulez-vousqu’on vous fasse des révolutions a l’eau rose, do you require that revolutions be made withrose-water? 1819 BYRON Letter 3 Oct. (1976) VI. 226 On either side harm must be done before good can accrue—revolutions are not to be made with rose water. 1894 J. LUBBOCK Use of Life xi. It is sometimes said that Revolutions are not made with rose-water. Greater changes, however, have been made in the constitution of the world by argument than by arms. a 1931 T. M. HEALY letter in F. Callanan T. M. Healy (1996) The Sinns won in three years what we did not win in forty. You cannot make revolutions with rosewater, or omelettes without breaking eggs. politics; rulers and ruled; ways and means reward see VIRTUE is its own reward. The RICH man has his ice in the summer and the poor man gets his in the winter 1921 W. B. MASTERSON in Morning Telegraph (NY) 27 Oct. 7 There are those who argue that everything breaks even in this old dump of a world of ours. . . These ginks who argue that way hold that because the rich man gets ice in the Summer and the poor man gets it in the winter things are breaking even for both. a 1957 L. I. WILDER First Four Years (1971) ii. Everything evens up in the end. .. The rich man has his ice in the summer and the poor man gets his in the winter. 1986 J. W. RIDER Jersey Tomatoes xi. The rich get ice in the summer and the poor get it in the winter, so some people figure everyone gets an even break. equality; poverty; riches rich see also it is BETTER to be born lucky than rich; one LAW for the rich and anotherfor the poor. If you can’t RIDE two horses at once, you shouldn’t be in the circus James Maxton, to whom this saying is attributed (quot. 1935), was a British IndependentLabour Party MP (1932–46). Denis Healey (see quot. 2002), another British Labour politician,was probably consciously quoting Maxton. 1935 G. MCALLISTER James Maxton xiv. Maxton made a brief intervention in the debate to say . . that he did not believe it was necessary to pass a resolution for disaffiliation [of the ILP from the Labour Party]. He had been told that he could not ride two horses. ‘My reply to that is’, he said.. ‘that if my friend cannot ride two horses—

what’s he doing in the bloody circus?’ 1979 Daily Telegraph 15 Mar. 15 A producer who ‘can’t ride two horses at the same time shouldn’t be in the circus.’.. Current affairs television should be both serious and entertaining. 2002 National Review 3 June 18 But politics is a practical activity, not an intellectual one. As Denis Healey once said, if you can’t ride two horses at once, you shouldn’t be in the bloody circus. efficiency and inefficiency; stress ride see also set a BEGGAR on horseback, and he’ll ride to the Devil; if TWO ride on ahorse one must ride behind; if WISHES were horses beggars would ride. He who RIDES a tiger is afraid to dismount Once a dangerous or troublesome venture is begun, the safest course is to carry it throughto the end. 1875 W. SCARBOROUGH Collection of Chinese Proverbs no. 2082 He who rides a tiger is afraid to dismount. .. Ch’i ‘hu nan hsiapei. 1902 A. R. COLQUHOUN Mastery of Pacific xvi. These colonies are.. for her [France] the tiger which she has mounted (to use the Chinese phrase) and which she can neither manage nor get rid of. 1983 W. HARRISS Bay Psalm Book Murder x. ‘But no doubt about it, I’ve got a tiger by the tail now.’ ‘And there’s an Oriental saying that the man who rides the tiger is afraid to get off. Watch your step.’ peril ridiculous see from the SUBLIME to the ridiculous is only a step. right see the CUSTOMER is always right; DO right and fear no man; GOD’S in hisheaven, all’s right with the world; MIGHT is right; TWO wrongs don’t make a right. ring see GIVE a thing, and take a thing, to wear the Devil’s gold ring. ripe see SOON ripe, soon rotten. rise see EARLY to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise; aSTREAM cannot rise above its source. A RISING tide lifts all boats

Principally known in the United States, this is one of several proverbs popularized by theKennedy family. It is generally used in economic contexts, the tide being that of prosperity. 1963 J. F. KENNEDY Address 25 June in Public Papers of Presidents of U.S. (1964) 519 As they say on my own Cape Cod, a rising tide lifts all the boats. And a partnership, by definition, serves both partners, without domination or unfair advantage. 1988 Washington Post 7 Mar. A12 The theory used to be that all Americans had a stake in prosperity. The comforting notion was that the rising tide would lift all boats. Now, however, both the theory and some of the boats have holes in them. 1990 Washington Times 6 Mar. C2 The country was in a sharp economic expansion coming out of ‘82. This made everybody look smart—you know, the rising tide lifts all boats. 2001 Washington Post 16 Aug. E1 ‘In the high-growth environment of the past, a rising tide lifted all boats,’ said Magid Abraham, chief executive of ComScore Networks, a Reston firm that measures online activity. good fortune river see if you have to LIVE in the river, it is best to be friends with the crocodile; theSEA refuses no river; if you SIT by the river for long enough... The ROAD to hell is paved with good intentions Earlier forms of the proverb omit the first three words. Cf. ST. FRANCIS DE SALES,Letter lxxiv. le proverbe tire de notre saint Bernard, ‘L’enfer est plein de bonnes volontes oudesirs’, the proverb taken from our St. Bernard, ‘Hell is full of good intentions or desires.’ 1574 E. HELLOWES tr. Guevara’s Epistles 205 Hell is full of good desires. 1654 R. WHITLOCK Observations on Manners of English 203 It is a saying among Divines, that Hell is full of good Intentions, and Meanings. 1736 WESLEY Journal 10 July (1910) I. I. 246 It is a true saying, ‘Hell is paved with good intentions’. 1847 J. A. FROUDE Shadows of Clouds ix. I shall have nothing to hand in, except intentions,—what they say the road to the wrong place is paved with. 1855 H. G. BOHN Hand-Book of Proverbs 514 The road to hell is paved with good intentions. 2001 Washington Times 5 Dec. D8 (Herb & Jamaal comic strip)’I’m sorry if I made things a mess with you and Yolanda. But I’ll have you know that I had nothing but good intentions.’ ‘They say, “The road to ruin is paved with good intentions.”.. and you keep making potholes.’ action and inaction; intentions road see also there is no ROYAL road to learning. All ROADS lead to Rome

Cf. medieval L. mille vie ducunt hominem per secula Romam, a thousand roads lead manfor ever towards Rome. c 1391 CHAUCER Astrolabe Prologue 1. 40 Right as diverse pathesleden diverse folk the righte way to Rome. 1806 R. THOMSON tr. La Fontaine’s Fables IV. XII. xxiv. All roads alike conduct to Rome. 1872 W. BLACK Strange Adventures of Phaeton vi. You know all roads lead to Rome, and they say that Oxford is half-way to Rome. 1912 J. S. HUXLEY Individual in Animal Kingdom vi. All roads lead to Rome: and even animal individuality throws a ray on human problems. 2002 Spectator 16 Feb. 21 All roads, of course, led to Rome: an expression of Rome’s control over the empire’s landscape and populace. beginnings and endings; ways and means roasting see there is REASON in the roasting of eggs. robbery see a fair EXCHANGE is no robbery. The ROBIN and the wren are God’s cock and hen; the martin and the swallow areGod’s mate and marrow Marrow is an obsolete word (except in dialect), meaning ‘something that makes a pairwith another’. The rhyme is found in a variety of forms, as in a 1508 J. SKELTON Poems(1969) 45 The prety wren.. is our Ladyes hen. 1787 F. GROSE Provincial Glossary (Popular Superstitions) 64 There is a particular distich in favour of the robin and wren: A robin and wren Are God Almighty’s cock and hen. Persons killing [them].. or destroying their nests, will infallibly, within the course of a year, break a bone, or meet with some other dreadful misfortune. On the contrary, it is deemed lucky to have martins and swallows build their nests in the eaves of a house. 1826 R. WILBRAHAM Cheshire Glossary (ed. 2) 105 The following metrical adage is common in Cheshire: The Robin and the Wren Are God’s cock and hen, The Martin and the Swallow are God’s mate and marrow. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise ix. No boy would rob a robin’s or a wren’s nest.. for they believe that: The robin and the wrens Be God Almighty’s friends. And the martin and the swallow Be God Almighty’s birds to follow. bird lore ROBIN Hood could brave all weathers but a thaw wind A thaw wind is ‘a cold piercing wind from the S. or SE. which often accompanies the

breaking up of a long frost’ (J. Bridge, Cheshire Proverbs). 1855 W. NEVILLE Life & Exploits of Robin Hood ii. Every one, at least every York-shireman, is familiar with the observation that Robin Hood could brave all weathers but athaw wind. 1931 J. BUCHAN Blanket of Dark xii. I dread the melting wind which makesseas of rivers and lakes of valleys. Robin Hood feared little above ground, but he fearedthe thaw-wind. weather lore rock see (noun) who won’t be RULED by the rudder must be ruled by the rock; (verb) theHAND that rocks the cradle rules the world.Up like a ROCKET, down like a stick The origin of this is Thomas Paine’s gibe about Edmund Burke’s oratory in a House ofCommons debate on the subject of the French Revolution (see quot. 1792). 1792 T. PAINE Letter to Addressers on Late Proclamation 4 As he rose like arocket, he fell like the stick. 1922 JOYCE Ulysses 364 Up like a rocket, down like a stick.1974 A. MENEN Fonthill (1975) 53 I believe he died loaded with debts. Well, up like arocket and down like the stick, I always say. 2002 Oldie Aug. 26 The value of the sharesthey had so vaingloriously promoted performed like the proverbial rocket and its equallyproverbial stick. ambition; priderod see SPARE the rod and spoil the child.A ROLLING stone gathers no mossCf. ERASMUS Adages III. iv. a rolling stone does notgather sea-weed; musco lapis volutus haud obducitur, a rolling stone is not covered with moss. 1362 LANGLAND Piers Plowman A. x. 101 Selden Moseth [becomes mossy] theMarbelston that men ofte treden. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. xi. D2 Therollyng stone neuer gatherth mosse. 1579 S. GOSSON Ephemerides of Phialo 5VArowling stone gathers no mosse, and a running hed wil neuer thriue. 1710 A. PHILIPSPastorals II. 8 A Rolling Stone is ever bare of Moss. 1841 DICKENS Old Curiosity ShopII. xlviii. Your popular rumour, unlike the rolling stone of the proverb, is one whichgathers a deal of moss in its wanderings up and down. 1979 Listener 5 July 16 A roadside

notice.. said in one long line: Loose stones travel slowly. Well, I dare say they do: rolling stones, we know, gather no moss. constancy and inconstancy; human nature When in ROME, do as the Romans do Cf. ST. AMBROSE, quoted in ST. AUGUSTINE Letters xxxvi. 32 (Migne), quando hicsum, non ieiuno sabbato; quando Romae sum, ieiuno sabbato, when I am here [i.e. Milan], I donot fast on Saturday; when I am in Rome, I fast on Saturday; 1660 quoted in verse form inJEREMY TAYLOR , Ductor Dubitantium (1851) I. i. 5. 5 cum fueris Romae, Romano vivitomore, cum fueris alibi, vivito sicut ibi, when you’re in Rome, then live in Roman fashion;when you’re elsewhere, then live as there they live. c 1475 in Modern Philology (1940) XXXVIII. 122 Whan tho herd hat Rome Do so of ther the dome [when you are at Rome do as they do there]. 1552 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages (ed. 3) 51V That which is commonly in euery mans mouth in England Whan you art at Rome, do as they do at Rome. 1766 in L. H. Butterfield et al. Adams Family Correspondence (1963) I. 55 My advice to you is among the Romans, do as the romans do. 1836 E. HOWARD Rattlin the Reefer I. xxii. ‘Do at Rome as the Romans do,’ is the essence of all politeness. 1960 N. MITFORD Don’t tell Alfred viii. ‘I thought the English never bothered about protocol?’ ‘When in Rome, however, we do as the Romans do.’ 2001 Washington Post 8 Dec. A25 One woman stationed there [Saudi Arabia] who purports to be comfortable with the rules said, ‘When in Rome, do as the Romans do.’ But how far does that go? To feeding the lions? circumstances; conduct ROME was not built in a day Cf. medieval Fr. Rome ne fut pas faite toute en un jour, Rome was not made in one day. 1545 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages (ed. 2) D1V Rome was not buylt in one daye. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. xi. D4 Rome was not bylt on a daie (quoth he) and yet stood Tyll it was fynysht. 1646 in Publications of Prince Society (1865) I. 236 Rome was not built in a day. .. Let them produce any colonie.. where more hath been done in 16 yeares. 1849 C. BRONTE Shirley I. vi. As Rome.. had not been built in a day, so neither had Mademoiselle Gerard Moore’s education been completed in a week. 2001 Times 2 6 Nov. 15 Even then, £14 million must still be found from private sources. Not easy.. . Still, Rome wasn’t built in a day. haste; patience and impatience Rome see also all ROADS lead to Rome; it is ill SITTING at Rome and striving with thePope.

There is always ROOM at the top The remark is popularly attributed to the American politician Daniel Webster (1782–1852), and is said to have been his riposte after he had been advised against joining the legalprofession on the grounds that it was already overcrowded. 1888 Clothier and Furnisher Jan. 38 The sage who so confidently remarked that ‘there is always room at the top’ might have added ‘because too many are pushed off.’ 1900 W. JAMES Letter 2 Apr. (1920) II. 121 Verily there is room at the top. S—seems to be the only Britisher worth thinking of. 1914 A. BENNETT Price of Love vii. The Imperial had set out to be the most gorgeous cinema in the Five Towns; and it simply was. Its advertisements read: ‘There is always room at the top.’ 1957 J. BRAINE Room at Top xxviii. You’re the sort of young man we want. There’s always room at the top. 1980 M. DRABBLE Middle Ground 140 There’s room at the top, maybe, but only for the clever ones. ambition roost see CURSES, like chickens, come home to roost. root see IDLENESS is the root of all evil; MONEY is the root of all evil. Give a man ROPE enough and he will hang himself Rope is used both literally, and figuratively—‘licence, freedom’. 1639 T. FULLER Holy War v. vii. they were suffered to have rope enough, till they had haltered themselves. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 148 Give a thief rope enough, and he’ll hang himself. 1698 in William & Mary College Quarterly (1950) VII. 106 The Kings prerogative.. will be hard for his Successor to retrieve, though there’s a saying give Men Rope enough, they will hang themselves. 1876 TROLLOPE Prime Minister II. xvii. Give Sir Orlando rope enough and he’ll hang himself. 1941 G. BAGBY Red is for Killing x. ‘I like to build a pretty complete case before making an arrest.’.. ‘If you give a man enough rope he hangs himself.’ 1968 H. CECIL No Fear or Favour xvi. ‘Judges always give a lot of rope to prisoners when they’re defending themselves, don’t they, sir?’ ‘That’s true,’ said Stokes. ‘Let’s hope he hangs himself with it,’ said the superintendent. ways and means; wrong-doers

Never mention ROPE in the house of a man who has been hanged 1599 J. MINSHEU Spanish Dialogues i. A man ought not to make mention of a halter in the house of a man that was hanged. 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Don Quixote III. xi. why doe I name an Asse with my mouth, seeing one should not make mention of a rope in ones house that was hanged? 1890 J. PAYN Burnt Million xxxii. Miss Grace, whom he pictured.. as sensitive upon the matter as though if her parent had been hung she would have been to an allusion to a rope. 1958 ‘J. S. STRANGE’ Night of Reckoning viii. Never mention rope in the house of a man who has been hanged. 1995 Washington Times 14 July A4 Whenever he hears the very word ‘Vietnam’ shame could compel Mr. Clinton to excuse himself. .. He should remember FDR’s famous admonition to avoid speaking of rope in the house of a man recently hanged. tact rope see also the man who has once been BITTEN by the snake fears every piece of rope. No ROSE without a thorn Cf. CLAUDIAN In Nuptias Honorii.. Fescennina iv. 10 Armat spina rosas, mella teguntapes, a thorn arms roses, bees conceal their honey. 1430–40 LYDGATE Bochas Prol. ix There is no rose.. in garden, but there be sum thorne. 1579 LYLY Euphues i. 184 The sweetest Rose hath his prickel. 1603 J. FLORIO tr. Montaigne’s Essays III. iii. 68 But no good without paines; no Roses without prickles. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 138 No rose without a thorn. 1922 JOYCE Ulysses Queer the number of pins they always have. No roses without thorns. 1965 H. ACTON Old Lamps 218 ‘But everything depends on the baby. What a bore.’ ‘No rose without a thorn, eh?’ good and evil roses see he who PLANTS thorns should not expect to gather roses; do not grieve thatROSE-TREES have thorns. Do not grieve that ROSE-TREES have thorns, rather rejoice that thorny bushes bearroses Arab proverb. 1965 S. RADHAKRISHNAN ‘Failure of the UN and nuclear weapons’ (on www.

indianembassy.org) We have to protect humanity against war. Peace is not the absence of war.. It is the disarmament of minds that is called for. The future is not all bleak. An old Arab proverb says, ‘Do not grieve that rose trees have thorns, rather rejoice that thorny bushes bear roses’. 2005 C. VIDYA SAGAR ‘Independence of judiciary under cloud’ in Daily Excelsior 15 Mar. (on www.southasianmedia.ne) ‘Do not grieve that rose trees have thorns, rather rejoice that thorny bushes have roses.’ Mr Hans Raj Bhardwaj, right from the day he took over as Union Law Minister, has been, day in and day out, grieving that there is malfunctioning of judicial system in our country. content and discontent rose-water see REVOLUTIONS are not made with rose-water. rot see ONE for the mouse, one for the crow; WINTER never rots in the sky. The ROTTEN apple injures its neighbour The proverb is also found in a number of variant forms, some of which are illustratedbelow. Cf. L. pomum compunctum cito corrumpit sibi junctum, a rotten apple quickly infectsits neighbour. 1340 Ayenbite of Inwit (EETS) 205 A roted eppel amang the holen [whole ones], maketh rotie the yzounde [sound]. 1577 J. NORTHBROOKE Treatise against Dicing 95 A peny naughtily [dishonestly] gotten, sayth Chrysostome, is like a rotten apple layd among sounde apples, which will rot all the rest. 1736 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (July) The rotten apple spoils his companion. 1855 H. G. BOHN Hand-Book of Proverbs 514 The rotten apple injures its neighbour. 1979 D. MACKENZIE Raven feathers his Nest 19 The police.. have a deserved reputation for uprightness. .. But one bad apple can spoil the whole barrel. associates; example, good and bad rotten see also SMALL choice in rotten apples; SOON ripe, soon rotten. roundabout see what you LOSE on the swings you gain on the roundabouts. There is no ROYAL road to learning C f . PROCLUS Commentary on Euclid (Friedlein) 68, there is no royal short cut to geometry (quoting Euclid). 1745 E. STONE tr.Euclid’s Elements (ed. 2) II. A2V There is no other Royal Way or Path to Geometry.

1824 EMERSON Journal (1961) II. 268 There is no royal road to Learning. 1857 TROLLOPE Barchester Towers II. i. There is no royal road to learning; no short cut to the acquirement of any valuable art. 1941 H. G. WELLS You can’t be too Careful II. vi. ‘There’s no Royal Road to Learning,’ said Mr. Myame. ‘No. “Thorough” has always been my motto.’ 1995 Nature 26 Jan. 297/3 There are well-established criteria by which to distinguish homology from homoplasy but there is still no royal road to truth. diligence; learning; ways and means rubber see those who PLAY at bowls must look out for rubbers. rudder see who won’t be RULED by the rudder must be ruled by the rock. rue see MARRY in May, rue for aye. rule see (noun) the EXCEPTION proves the rule; there is an EXCEPTION to every rule;(verb) DIVIDE and rule; the HAND that rocks the cradle rules the world. Who won’t be RULED by the rudder must be ruled by the rock 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 286 That ship which will have no rudder, must have a rock. 1823 I. DISRAELI Curiosities of Literature 2nd Ser. I. 459 There is a Cornish proverb, ‘Those who will not be ruled by the rudder must be ruled by the rock’— the strands of Cornwall, so often covered with wrecks, could not fail to impress on the imaginations of its inhabitants the two objects from whence they drew this salutary proverb. 1911 B. WILBERFORCE Secret of Quiet Mind 79 Jesus.. is weeping because the spiritual blindness of the people made.. the destruction of Jerusalem.. inevitable. ‘He who will not be ruled by the rudder must be ruled by the rock,’ but ruled he must be. 1984 R. HENDERSON Salty Words 165 The nautical saying Who won’t be ruled by the rudder must be ruled by the rock.. means ‘those who won’t listen to reason must bear the consequences’. action and consequence; discipline RULES are made to be broken 1934 S. PALMER ‘Riddle of the Forty Costumes’ in Mystery (Jan.) ‘There’s nothing in it for the Homicide Squad. We have rules, you know.’ ‘Fiddlesticks,’ Miss Withers retorted. ‘Rules are made to break.’ 1938 F. VIVIAN Black Alibi xxiii. 212 ‘An old rule

says Tell your lawyer everything, Mr. Moy.’ .. ‘An old saying asserts that rules were made to be broken. You must remember that also!’ 1954 A. C. CLARKE Expedition to Earth 58 It is a fundamental rule of space-flight that.. the minimum crew on a long journey shall consist of not less than three men. But rules are made to be broken. 2001 Washington Post Book World 28 Jan. 13 It’s a rule of crime fiction that recurring main characters rarely get knocked off; but during Flavia’s final confrontation with a sadistic murderer, Pears gives his uneasy readers cause to remember that rules are made to be broken. rules, general If you RUN after two hares you will catch neither Cf. ERASMUS Adages III. ccxxxvii. duos insequens lepores, neutrum capit, he who chasestwo hares catches neither. 1509 A. BARCLAY Ship of Fools H5 A fole is he.. Whiche with one haunde tendyth [intends] to take two harys in one instant. 1580 LYLY Euphues & his England II. 157 I am redie to take potions . . yet one thing maketh to feare, that in running after two Hares, I catch neither. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 2782 If you run after two Hares, you will catch neither. 1880 C. H. SPURGEON John Ploughman’s Pictures 24 If we please one we are sure to get another grumbling. We shall be like the man who hunted many hares at once and caught none. 1981 P. O’DONNELL Xanadu Talisman v. Let’s take things a step at a time. You know what they say. If you run after two hares you will catch neither. decision and indecision; wanting and having You cannot RUN with the hare and hunt with the hounds Also used in the metaphorical phrase to run with the hare and hunt with the hounds. Inquot. 1546 tytifils comes from Titivil, formerly a common name for a demon. a 1449 J. LYDGATE Minor Poems (EETS) 821 He.. holdeth bothe with hounde and hare. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. x. C3 There is no mo [more] suche tytifils [scoundrels] in Englands grounde, To holde with the hare, and run with the hounde. 1694 Trimmer’s Confession of Faith I I can hold with the Hare, and run with the Hound: Which no Body can deny. 1896 M. A. S. HUME Courtships of Queen Elizabeth xii. Leicester, as usual, tried to run with the hare and hunt with the hounds, to retain French bribes and yet to stand in the way of French objects. 1975 J. O’FAOLAIN Women in Wall v. Clotair’s henchmen say: ‘You cannot run with the hare and hunt with the hounds.’ The peasants have an even clearer way of putting this: ‘You cannot’, they say, ‘side with the cow and the clover’. choices

run see also he who FIGHTS and runs away, may live to fight another day; the LAST dropmakes the cup run over; STILL waters run deep; while TWO dogs are fighting for a bone, athird runs away with it; we must learn to WALK before we can run. rush see FOOLS rush in where angels fear to tread. Russian see SCRATCH a Russian and you find a Tartar. rust see BETTER to wear out than to rust out.

S Sabbath see Monday’s CHILD is fair of face. sack see EMPTY sacks will never standupright. SAFE bind, safe find 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. iii. A4 Than catche and hold while I may, fast bind, fast fynde. 1573 T. TUSSER Husbandry (rev. ed.) II. 8 Drie sunne, drie winde, safe bind, safe find. 1655 T. FULLER Church Hist. Britain IV. iv Because sure binde, sure finde, he [Richard III] is said, and his Queen, to be Crowned again in York with great solemnity. 1890 D. C. MURRAY John Vale’s Guard I. vi. ‘Safe bind, safe find,’ said Uncle Robert, locking the door and pocketing the key. 1937 D. L. SAYERS Busman’s Honeymoon xx. As I says to Frank Crutchley, safe bind, safe find, I says. 1947 M. GILBERT Close Quarters viii. ‘A careful man, the late head verger,’ remarked Hazlerigg. ‘Careful of his own and his master’s property. Fast bind, fast find.’ gains and losses; security safe see also it is BEST to be on the safe side; BETTER be safe than sorry. There is SAFETY in numbers Now much more general in its application than its possible biblical source: PROVERBSxi.14 (AV) In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. 1680 BUNYAN Mr. Badman 133 I verily think, (since in the multitude of Counsellors there is safety) that if she had acquainted the Congregation with it,.. she had had more peace. 1816 J. AUSTEN Emma II. i. She determined to call upon them and seek safety in numbers. 1914 T. DREISER Titan xvii. He was beginning to run around with other women. There was safety in numbers. 2001 Washington Post 12 Sept. C15 (Jeff MacNelly’s Shoe comic strip) ‘Whoever said there’s safety in numbers.. never took a math test.’ associates; security said see LEAST said, soonest mended; what the SOLDIER said isn’t evidence. sailor seeHEAVEN protects children, sailors, and drunken men.

If SAINT Paul’s day be fair and clear, it will betide a happy year The Conversion of St. Paul is traditionally celebrated on 25 January. Cf. c 1340 ROBERTOF AVESBURY Hist. (1720) 266 clara dies Pauli bona tempora denotat anni, a clear St.Paul’s day denotes good times for the year. 1584 R. SCOT Discovery of Witchcraft xi. xv. If Paule th’apostles daie be cleare, it dooth foreshew a luckie yeare. 1687 J. AUBREY Gentilism & Judaism (1881) 94 The old verse so much observed by Countrey-people: ‘If Paul’s day be faire and cleare It will betyde a happy yeare.’ 1846 M. A. DENHAM Proverbs relating to Seasons, &c. 24 If St. Paul’s day be fine and clear, It doth betide a happy year; But if by chance it then should rain, It will make dear all kinds of grain. 1975 M. KILLIP Folklore of Isle of Man xiii. In January the testing day was.. the 25th: St. Paul’s Day stormy and windy, Famine in the world and great death of mankind, Paul’s day fair and clear, Plenty of corn and meal in the world. weather lore SAINT Swithun’s day, if thou be fair, for forty days it will remain; Saint Swithun’sday, if thou bring rain, for forty days it will remain St. Swithun (or Swithin) was a bishop of Winchester. He died in 862 and his feast-day is15 July. The association of St. Swithun with persistent rain is at least as old as the early 14th-century MS 27 in Emmanuel College, Cambridge (fo. 163; quoted in I. Opie and M. TatemDictionary of Superstitions): In the daye of seynte Svithone rane ginneth rinigge Forti dawesmid ywone [on St. Swithun’s day it usually starts to rain for forty days]. The rhyme has manyvariants. 1600 JONSON Every Man out of Humour I. iii. O, here, S. Swithin’s the xv day, variable weather, for the most part raine. .. Why, it should raine fortie daies after, now, more or lesse, it was a rule held afore I was able to hold a plough. 1697 Poor Robin’s Almanack July B2V In this month is St. Swithin’s day; On which, if that it rain, they say, Full forty days after it will, Or more or less some rain distill. 1846 M. A. DENHAM Proverbs relating to Seasons, &c. 52 St. Swithin’s day, if thou dost rain, For forty days it will remain: St. Swithin’s day, if thou be fair, For forty days ‘twill rain na mair. 1892 C. M. YONGE Old Woman’s Outlook 169 St. Swithin’s promise is by no means infallible, whether for wet or fair weather. In.. Gloucestershire, they prefer a shower on his day, and call it christening the apples; but Hampshire.. hold[s] that—If Swithun’s day be fair and clear, It betides a happy year; If Swithun’s day be dark with rain, Then will be dear all sorts of grain. 1978 R. WHITLOCK Calender of Country Customs viii. Even today innumerable people take note of the weather on St. Swithun’s Day, 15 July. .. St. Swithun’s Day, if thou be fair, For forty days it will remain. St. Swithun’s Day, if thou

bring rain, For forty days it will remain. weather lore On SAINT Thomas the Divine kill all turkeys, geese, and swine The feast-day of St. Thomas the Apostle has been traditionally celebrated on 21 Decemberin the West. 1742 Agreeable Companion 59 Thomas Divine, Brewing and Baking, and Killing of Swine. 1846 M. A. DENHAM Proverbs relating to Seasons, &c. 64 The day of St. Thomas, the blessed divine, Is good for brewing, baking, and killing fat swine. 1979 C. MORSLEY News from English Countryside 164 This couplet reminded farmers of the day on which they should make their last slaughters for the Christmas table. On St. Thomas the Divine Kill all turkeys, geese and swine. calendar lore saint see also the DEVIL was sick, the Devil a saint would be.. ; the GREATER the sinner,the greater the saint; YOUNG saint, old devil. Help you to SALT, help you to sorrow 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 245 At table, one ought not to present any one, either salt, or the head of any creature. 1872 J. GLYDE Norfolk Garland i. The spilling of salt is very ominous, and the proverb is well known: Help me to salt, Help me to sorrow. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise xxxvi. No one would at table spoon salt on to another person’s plate, for ‘Help you to salt, help you to sorrow’. 1969 ‘S. MAYS’ Reuben’s Corner xiv. There was no end to the prohibitions we learned as youngsters... Never help anyone to salt: Help you to salt, help you to sorrow. misfortune; superstition Saturday see Monday’s CHILD is fair of face. What’s SAUCE for the goose is sauce for the gander What is suitable for a woman is suitable for a man. The proverb is also occasionally usedin non-sexist contexts. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 98 That that’s good sawce for a goose, is good for a gander. ..This is a woman’s Proverb. 1692 R. L’ESTRANGE Fables of Aesop cccii. Sauce

for a Goose is Sauce for a Gander. 1894 BLACKMORE Perly-cross III. v. A proverb of large equity.. declares.. that ‘sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander’. This maxim is pleasant enough to the goose. 2002 National Review 28 Jan. 39 To buttress his case, the Russian leader pointed out that NATO itself had recently insisted that Macedonia implement this same principle in behalf of its Albanian ethnic minority. What was sauce for the Albanian goose was sauce for the Baltic gander. men and women sauce see also HUNGER is the best sauce. SAVE us from our friends The idea that friends may be more dangerous than professed enemies because precautionsare taken against the latter, whereas a friend is trusted, is an old one; cf. OVID Ars Amatoria I.751 Non est hostis metuendus amanti. Quos credis fidos effuge: tutus eris, an enemy is not tobe feared by the lover. Shun those whom you believe friends; then you will be safe. Both thisshort form and the expanded form represented by quot. 1604 are found. 1477 A. WYDEVILLE Dicts. of Philosophers 127 Ther was one that praied god to kepe him from the daunger of his frendis. 1585 Q. ELIZABETH in J. E. Neale Elizabeth I & her Parliament (1957) iv. There is an Italian proverb which saith, From my enemy let me defend myself; but from a pretensed friend, good Lord deliver me. 1604 J. MARSTON Malcontent IV. ii. Now, God deliver me from my friends.. for from mine enemies I’ll deliver myself. 1884 Railway Engineer V. 265 The old proverb, ‘Save us from our friends’, may be well applied to the diligent gentlemen who..toiled through labyrinths of reports since 1877, to dress up a few exaggerated cases against the.. brake. 1979 ‘S. WOODS’ Proceed to Judgement 140 Heaven save us from our friends! 2002 Washington Times 26 Mar. B5 ‘Defend me from my friends; I can defend myself from my enemies.’ So cried a famous French general to Louis XIV long before bridge was invented. friends save see also a STITCH in time saves nine. saved see a PENNY saved is a penny earned. say see DO as I say, not as I do; when in DOUBT, do nowt; what EVERYBODY says mustbe true; HEAR all, see all, say nowt; what MANCHESTER says today, the rest of England saystomorrow; NEVER say never; also SAID.

Who SAYS A must say B Only recorded in English from North American sources. Cf. Du. wie a zegt, moet ook bzeggen, who says a must also say b. 1838 J. C. NEAL Charcoal Sketches 190 Not so easy as you think. .. If you say A, they’ll make you say B. 1988 Washington Times 16 Sept. F3 But who says ‘A’ must say ‘B’, Mr. McCarthy. You can’t talk about victims and caring and knowing cows individually while, at the same time, you treat carrots as nobodies! 2001 National Review 11 June 8 Either the state has the right to take life in cold blood,.. or it does not. If it does not, then McVeigh must be carefully supported, at public expense, even to the point of guarding him from other prisoners who might do him harm, for the rest of his natural days. Who says A, must say B. action and consequence; necessity scabbard see whosoever DRAWS his sword against the prince must throw the scabbardaway. scarce see GOOD men are scarce. scarlet see an APE’S an ape, a varlet’s a varlet, though they be clad in silk or scarlet. scheme see the BEST-laid schemes of mice and men gang aft agley. school see EXPERIENCE keeps a dear school; never tell TALES out of school. scorned see HELL hath no fury like a woman scorned. You SCRATCH my back, I’ll scratch yours Similar in sentiment to one HAND washes the other (see quot. 1961). 1704 E. WARD All Men Mad 18 Scratch me, says one, and I’ll scratch thee. 1858 ‘A. WARD’ Letter 27 Jan. in Maine: Guide ‘Down East’ (1937) III. 363 You scratch my back and i will scratch your back. 1928 Manchester Guardian Weekly 10 Aug. 104/1 He goes on to spoil the effect by accusing Liberals of hypocrisy and being false to the principle of justice embodied in the phrase ‘Scratch me and I’ll scratch you’. 1961 J. HELLER Catch-

22 (1962) iv. 33 A little grease is what makes this world go round. One hand washes the other. Know what I mean? You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours. 2002 Washington Times 3 Mar. D1 Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg outlined the stages of moral development in children:.. 2. Doing right for self-serving reasons: ‘You scratch my back, and I’ll scratch yours.’ reciprocity SCRATCH a Russian and you find a Tartar The proverb is also used allusively, especially of other nationalities. Cf. Fr. grattez leRusse et vous trouverez le Tartare, scratch the Russian and you will find the Tartar (attributedto Napoleon). 1823 J. GALLATIN Diary 2 Jan. (1914) 229 Very true the saying is, ‘Scratch the Russian and find the Tartar.’ c 1863 J. R. GREEN in Notes & Queries (1965) CCX. 348 They say, if you scratch a Russian you always find the Tartar beneath. 1899 F. A. OBER Puerto Rico xii. Scratch a Puerto Rican and you find a Spaniard underneath, so the language and home customs of Spain prevail here. 1911 Spectator 2 Dec. 964 Until a short time ago the aphorism, ‘Scratch a Russian and you find a Tartar,’ was the sum of British comprehension of the Russian character. 1947 J. FLANNER in New Yorker 31 May 6 Scratch a Pole and you find a Pole, even if he is a Communist. 1967 D. BLOODWORTH Chinese Looking Glass xxxiv. Mao.. discovered many years ago that you only had to scratch a Russian Communist to find a Tatar. human nature; national characteristics Scripture see the DEVIL can quote Scripture for his own ends. He that would go to SEA for pleasure, would go to hell for a pastime A sailors’ proverb. 1899 A. J. BOYD Shellback viii. Shentlemens vot goes to sea for pleasure vould go to hell for pastime. 1910 D. W. BONE Brassbounder xxvi. He gave a half-laugh and muttered the old formula about ‘the man who would go to sea for pleasure, going to hell for a pastime!’ 1924 R. CLEMENTS Gipsy of Horn iii. ‘He who would go to sea for pleasure, would go to hell for a pastime’ is an attempt at heavy satire. 1933 M. LOWRY Ultramarine i. ‘What made you come to sea anyway?’ ‘Search me. .. To amuse myself, I suppose.’ ‘Well, a man who’d go to sea for fun’d go to hell for a pastime. ..It’s an old sailor expression.’ 1986 Newsweek 27 Jan. 62 Just before Steven Callahan set out to sail alone from Penzance to Martinique, a Cornish seaman warned him that ‘a fella who’d go

to sea for pleasure’d sure go to hell for pastime.’ idiosyncrasyThe SEA refuses no river 1614 T. GENTLEMAN England’s Way to win Wealth 45 (marginal note) The SailorsProuerbe: The Sea and the Gallowes refuse none. 1699 E. WARD Trip to New England 4It often puts me in mind of the old Proverb, The Sea and the Gallows refuses none. 1850H. MELVILLE White Jacket II. xliii. ‘The gallows and the sea refuse nothing,’ is a veryold sea saying. 1969 R. NYE Tales I told my Mother 124 The sea refuses no river. greed sea see also there are as good FISH in the sea as ever came out of it; the FROG in the wellknows nothing of the sea.sea-maws see KEEP your own fish-guts for your own sea-maws.search see on the FIRST of March, the crows begin to search.SECOND thoughts are best Cf. EURIPIDES Hippolytus 1. 436 the second thoughtsare invariably wiser. 1577 HOLINSHED Chronicles 438 Oftentymes it chaunceth, that latter thoughts arebetter aduised than the first. 1581 G. PETTIE tr. S. Guazzo’s Civil Conversation i. 23V Ifinde verified that Prouerbe, That the second thoughts are euer the best. 1681 DRYDENSpanish Friar II. 22 Second thoughts, they say, are best: I’ll consider of it once again.1813 BYRON Letter 11 Dec. (1974) III. 196 In composition I do not think secondthoughts are best, though second expressions may improve the first ideas. 1908 C. FITCHBeau Brummel I. i. Second thoughts seem to be always the best. 1981 P. O’DONNELLXanadu Talisman v. That was my first thought. .. But second thoughts are always best.prudencesecret see THREE may keep a secret, if two of them are dead.What you SEE is what you get

Of American origin: often shortened to the acronym wysiwyg (especially in computing) ofa system capable of reproducing the screen format of text on a printout. 1971 New York Times 14 Nov. 17 ‘What you see, is what you get’.. is one of those recurring gag lines from the Flip Wilson Show that has quickly drifted into the language, all but become a household expression. 1983 G. PETIEVICH To die in Beverly Hills vii. The teleprinter raced as it printed the names of arrestees nicknamed Bones. ‘What you see is what you get,’ she said, squirming to point her breasts. ‘I mean the printout of course.’ 1990 Washington Post 10 Sept. (Business Section) 59 The lenders who would lend to anyone who said ‘real estate’ aren’t lending now. So we aren’t going to build any more product. What you see is what you get. 2007 Times2 13 Sept. 3 She then proudly told us that she had read them all, as evidence of her upfront nature (’What you see is what you get!’ she boasted). appearance, significant SEE no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil The proverb is conventionally represented by figurines or pictures of three monkeyscovering respectively their eyes, ears, or mouth with their hands. 1926 Army & Navy Stores Catalogue 197 The three wise monkeys. ‘Speak no evil, see no evil, hear no evil.’ 1939 I. OELLRICHS Man who didn’t Answer viii. ‘Hear no evil, see no evil and speak no evil’ was all right in its place, but Matt knew.. they gossiped as much there as in any other smallish town. 1978 T. L. SMITH Money War III. 233 It’s the sort of thing they want done but do not want to know about. See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil. 2001 Washington Times 18 July A14 Now, the International Olympic Committee—a bastion of ‘hear no evil, see no evil, speak no evil’.. —will send the sports equivalent of missionaries to the 2008 Summer Games. good and evil see see also BELIEVE nothing of what you hear, and only half of what you see; there’snone so BLIND as those who will not see; what the EYE doesn’t see, the heart doesn’t grieveover; HEAR all, see all, say nowt; they that LIVE longest, see most; LOOKERS-on see mostof the game; see a PIN and pick it up, all the day you’ll have good luck; also SEEING, SEEN. Good SEED makes a good crop The obverse is found earlier in 1492 Dialogue of Salomon & Marcolphus (1892) 5 He thatsowyth chaf shall porely mowe. 1569 W. WAGER Longer Thou Livest A2 To be a good man it is also expedient Of

1569 W. WAGER Longer Thou Livest A2 To be a good man it is also expedient Ofgood Parents to be begotten and borne. .. Commonly of good Seed procedeth good Corne.1700 T. TRYON Letters i. If the Seed he Sowes be good.. his Crop is according; ..If heSows Tares.. will he expect Wheat? 1940 L. I. WILDER Long Winter xvii. Seed-time’spretty sure to come around. .. And good seed makes a good crop. beginnings andendings seed see also the BLOOD of the martyrs is the seed of the Church; PARSLEY seed goesnine times to the Devil.seeding see ONE year’s seeding makes seven years’ weeding.SEEING is believing 1609 S. HARWARD MS (Trinity College, Cambridge) 85 Seeing is leeving. 1639 J.CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 90 Seeing is beleeving. 1712 J. ARBUTHNOTLewis Baboon iv. There’s nothing like Matter of Fact; Seeing is Believing. 1848 J. C. &A. W. HARE Guesses at Truth (ed. 2) 2nd Ser. 497 Seeing is believing, says the proverb... Though, of all our senses, the eyes are the most easily deceived, we believe them inpreference to any other evidence. 2001 Washington Times 14 Dec. A4 Seeing, as the oldsaw goes, is believing, and in the post-literate age the visual is more persuasive than itused to be. trust and scepticismSEEK and ye shall findCf. SOPHOCLES Oedipus Tyrannus 1. 110–11 what issought is found; what is neglected evades us. A more direct source is MATTHEW vii. 7 (AV)Ask, and it shall be given you: seek, and ye shall find. 1530 in J. Palsgrave L’éclaircissement de la Langue Francaise A5 He that wyll sekemay fynde And in a brefe tyme attayne to his utterest desire. c 1538 J. BALE King Johan(1931) 1. 192 Serche and ye shall fynd, in every congregacyn that long [belongs] to thepope. 1783 J. JAY Letter 14 Nov. (1891) III. 95 ‘Seek and you shall find’ does not, itseems, always extend to that [health] of the body. 1980 R. COLLINS Case ofPhilosopher’s Ring xiii. There is danger in the saying, ‘Seek and ye shall find’.diligence; wanting and havingseem see BE what you would seem to be.

seen see CHILDREN should be seen and not heard. SELF-praise is no recommendation Cf. L. laus in proprio ore sordescit, praise in one’s own mouth is offensive. 1826 COBBETT Weekly Register 17 June 743 In general it is a good rule.. that self- praise is no commendation. 1853 DICKENS Bleak House lv. Self-praise is no recommendation, but I may say for myself that I am not so bad a man of business. 1967 RIDOUT & WITTING English Proverbs Explained 137 ‘I admit I didn’t score any of the goals, but it was largely due to me that we won the game.’ ‘Self-praise is no recommendation.’ boasting SELF-preservation is the first law of nature Cf. CICERO De Finibus IV. x. 25 primamque ex natura hanc habere appetitionem, utconservemus nosmet ipsos, by nature our first impulse is to preserve ourselves. a 1631 DONNE Biathanatos (1646) I. ii. It is onely upon this reason, that selfe- preservation is of Naturall Law. 1675 [MARVELL] Complete Poems (1872) I. 439 Self- preservation, Nature’s first great Law. 1681 DRYDEN Spanish Friar IV. ii. Self- preservation is the first of Laws:.. When Subjects are oppress’d by Kings, They justifie Rebellion by that Law. 1821 SCOTT Pirate I. v. Triptolemus.. had a reasonable share of that wisdom which looks towards self-preservation as the first law of nature. 1952 ‘A. A. FAIR’ Top of Heap xvii. Loyalty is a fine thing.. but self-preservation is the first law of nature. 1975 P. D. JAMES Black Tower vii. What it amounted to was that he’d do a great deal for dear Maggie but that self-preservation was the first law of nature. self- preservation SELL in May and go away A saying relating originally to the cycle of activity on the London Stock Exchange. May,shortly after the start of the financial year, was a busy time, but during the following months abear market prevailed as trading was slack and Londoners (stockbrokers included) enjoyedtheir summer breaks away from the capital. Also current in the expanded version representedby quot. 2002, referring to the classic St. Leger horse race run at Doncaster in earlySeptember, the traditional end of the English summer social calendar.

1979 Daily Telegraph 27 July 19 That hoary old adage sell in May and go away, has yet again been vindicated with the Financial Times 30 share index falling 97 points, from 559 on the May 4 post-election day to last night’s 462 and with little immediate relief in sight. 1992 Economist 11 July 87/1 ‘Sell in May and go away,’ says the old adage. This year it has been right on the button: a bad June for world stock-markets is being followed by a worse July. 2001 New York Times The pattern [of stock market fluctuation] is the factual basis for the saying ‘Sell in May and go away.’ 2002 Times 15 May 34 In the City, you are about as likely to hear someone utter the old adage ‘sell in May, go away, come back on St Leger’s Day’ as you are to spot gentlemen wearing bowler hats and carrying rolled umbrellas. business Don’t SELL the skin till you have caught the bear The origin of this saying is to be found in a fable added by Lorenzo Astemio (LaurentiusAbstemius) to a collection of Aesop’s fables compiled in the 1490s. 1578 H. WOTTON tr. J. Yver Courtly Controversie of Cupids Cantles N4V His eyes, greedily fixed vpon his faire Mistresse, solde vnto him (as men say) the skin before the beast is taken. 1580 LYLY Euphues & his England ii. 53 I trusted so much, that I solde the skinne before the Beaste was taken. 1641 CHARLES I Comment (on Remonstrance) 1 Dec. in Rushworth Historical Collections (1692) III. v. 1,436 We must not dispose of the Bears skin till the Bear be dead. 1692 R. L’ESTRANGE Aesop (ed. 3) 270 He bade me have a care for the future, to make sure of the bear before I sell his skin. 1721 KELLY Scottish Proverbs 376 You sell the Bear Skin on his Back. 1999 R. CARPENTER Scarlet Pimpernel (BBC TV, episode 1) [CHAUVELIN:] The trap is set, and he’s about to walk into it. [MARGUERITE:] Don’t sell the skin till you’ve caught the bear. optimism sell see also BUY in the cheapest market and sell in the dearest. seller see the BUYER has need of a hundred eyes, the seller of but one. send see never send a BOY to do a man’s job; GOD never sends mouths but He sendsmeat; GOD sends meat, but the Devil sends cooks. SEPTEMBER blow soft, till the fruit’s in the loft 1571 T. TUSSER Husbandry (rev. ed.) F2 September blowe soft, Till fruite be in loft. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 6214 September, blow soft, Till the Fruit’s in the

Loft. 1906 E. HOLDEN Country Diary of Edwardian Lady (1977) 121 September blow soft,—Till the fruit’s in the loft. 1928 Daily Mail 3 Sept. 10 ‘September blow soft till the apple’s in the loft’ is what we desire of this traditionally beautiful month. weather lore servant see ENGLAND is the paradise of women; FIRE is a good servant but a bad master. serve see you cannot serve GOD and Mammon; NO man can serve two masters. If you would be well SERVED, serve yourself Very similar to if you WANT a thing done well, do it yourself. 1659 G. TORRIANO English & Italian Dict. 39 Who hath a mind to any thing let him go himself. 1706 J. STEVENS Spanish & English Dict. s.v. Querer, If you would be well serv’d, serve your self. 1871 J. E. AUSTEN-LEIGH Memoir of Jane Austen (ed. 2) ii. ‘If you would be well served, serve yourself.’ Some gentlemen took pleasure in being their own gardeners. 1981 Times 28 Apr. 15 Absurd that the important things in one’s life should be made by another person—’One is never so well served as by oneself.’ efficiency and inefficiency; self-help served see also FIRST come, first served; PAY beforehand was never well served;YOUTH must be served. session see HOME is home, as the Devil said when he found himself in the Court ofSession. set see set a BEGGAR on horseback, and he’ll ride to the Devil; SOW dry and set wet; seta THIEF to catch a thief. seven see FALL down seven times, get up eight; KEEP a thing seven years and you’llalways find a use for it; you should KNOW a man seven years before you stir his fire;MEASURE seven times, cut once; ONE year’s seeding makes seven years’ weeding;PARSLEY seed goes nine times to the Devil; RAIN before seven, fine before eleven; SIXhours’ sleep for a man, seven for a woman, and eight for a fool. shadow see COMING events cast their shadows before; OLD sins cast long shadows.

shame see (noun) FOOL me once, shame on you; (verb) TELL the truth and shame theDevil. shared see a TROUBLE shared is a trouble halved. The SHARPER the storm, the sooner it’s over Cf. SENECA Natural Questions VII. ix. procellae, quanto plus habent virium, tanto minustemporis, the harder storms are, the shorter they last. 1872 F. KILVERT Diary 9 June (1977) II. 207 Mrs. Vaughan will have a good family soon. Her children come fast. But the harder the storm the sooner ‘tis over. 1913 Folk-Lore XXIV. 76 The sharper the storm, the sooner it’s over. 2002 Washington Post 11 Feb. C13 (One Big Happy comic strip)’.. She’ll be very, very angry!’ ‘I know, but the sharper the storm, the sooner it’s over.’ ‘I’m about to be killed, and you’re giving me weather reports?!’ weather lore sheep see BETTER to live one day as a tiger than a thousand years as a sheep; aBLEATING sheep loses a bite; one might as well be HANGED for a sheep as a lamb. shepherd see RED sky at night shepherd’s delight. You cannot SHIFT an old tree without it dying c 1518 A. BARCLAY tr. Mancinus’ Mirror of Good Manners G4V An old tre transposed shall fynde smal auauntage. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 22 Remove an old tree, and it will wither to death. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 284 Remove an old Tree, and it will wither. Spoken by a Man who is loth to leave a Place in his advanc’d years, in which he has long lived. 1831 W. M. PRAED Political & Occasional Poems (1888) 166 I’m near three-score; you ought to know You can’t transplant so old a tree. 1906 R. KIPLING Puck of Pook’s Hill 259 ‘You’ve cleaved to your own parts pretty middlin’ close, Ralph.’ ‘Can’t shift an old tree ‘thout it dyin’.’ habit; old age shine see happy is the BRIDE that the sunshines on; MAKE hay while the sun shines. shining see the SUN loses nothing by shining into a puddle.

Do not spoil the SHIP for a ha’porth of tar Ship is a dialectal pronunciation of sheep, and the original literal sense of the proverb was‘do not allow sheep to die for the lack of a trifling amount of tar’, tar being used to protectsores and wounds on sheep from flies. Hog (quots. 1623 and 1670) seems to have beenunderstood by Ray (quot. 1670 note) as a swine, but it was also a widely used dialect term fora young sheep older than a lamb but before its first shearing. The current form of this proverbwas standard by the mid nineteenth century. The metaphorical phrase to spoil the ship for aha’porth of tar is also found. 1623 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain (ed. 3) 265 A man will not lose a hog, for a halfeperth [halfpennyworth] of tarre. 1631 J. SMITH Advertisements for Planters XIII. 30 Rather.. lose ten sheepe, than be at the charge of halfe penny worth of Tarre. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 103 Ne’re lose a hog for a half-penny-worth of tarre [(ed. 2) 154 Some have it, lose not a sheep, &c. Indeed tarr is more used about sheep than swine]. 1861 C. READE Cloister & Hearth I. i. Never tyne [lose] the ship for want of a bit of tar. 1869 W. C. HAZLITT English Proverbs 432 To spoil the ship for a halfpennyworth of tar. In Cornwall, I heard a different version, which appeared to me to be more consistent with probability: ‘Don’t spoil the sheep for a ha’porth of tar.’ 1910 Spectator 19 Feb. 289 The ratepayers.. are accused of.. cheeseparing, of spoiling the ship for a ha’p’orth of tar. 1992 ‘C. AIRD’ ‘Man Who Rowed for Shore’ in Injury Time (1995) 22 As Millicent, his late wife, would have said, it was just like Norman to spoil the ship for a ha’p’orth of tar. meanness ship see also one HAND for yourself and one for the ship; LITTLE leaks sink the ship; aWOMAN and a ship ever want mending. shirt see NEAR is my shirt, but nearer is my skin. From SHIRTSLEEVES to shirtsleeves in three generations Shirtsleeves denote the need to work hard for one’s living. This saying has been attributedto A. Carnegie (1835–1919), manufacturer and philanthropist, but is not found in his publishedwritings. From CLOGS to clogs is only three generations expresses the same idea. 1907 N. M. BUTLER True & False Democracy ii. No artificial class distinctions can long prevail in a society like ours [in the US] of which it is truly said to be often but three generations ‘from shirt-sleeves to shirt-sleeves’. 1957 J. S. BRUNER in Psychological Review LXIV. 125 From shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves in three generations: we are back

with the founding and founded content of the pre-Gestalt Gestalters. 1980 J. KRANTZ Princess Daisy xvii. What’s this? Shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves in three generations. family; poverty If the SHOE fits, wear it A predominantly US variant of if the CAP fits, wear it. 1773 New-York Gazette & Weekly Mercury 17 May Why should Mr. Vanderbeek apply a general comparison to himself? Let those whom the shoe fits wear it. 1876 W. G. NASH Century of Gossip 125 If the shoe fits you, you can wear it a little wile [sic], Jack; but we won’t quarrel about that. 1934 J. GREGORY Emerald Murder Trap 260 Some one, devilishly inspired, had made a noose in the end and the knot was what is so widely known as a Hangman’s knot. .. ‘There’s an old saying, you know; if the shoe fits, wear it. The words might be made to apply to knots, I suppose!’ 2001 Washington Post 13 Dec. C11 (Baby Blues comic strip) ‘Zee, you’re a know-it-all-crybaby-tattletale brat!’ ‘I’m telling Mommy that you said that!’.. ‘What did Mommy say?’ ‘She said, “If the shoe fits, wear it!”’ conduct; reputation shoe see also it’s ILL waiting for dead men’s shoes; for WANT of a nail the shoe was lost. The SHOEMAKER’s son always goes barefoot A skilled or knowledgeable person commonly neglects to give his own family the benefitof his expertise. Found in a number of variants. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. xi. E1V But who is wurs shod, than the shoemakers wyfe, With shops full of newe shapen shoes all hir lyfe? 1773 R. GRAVES Spiritual Quixote I. III. ii. The Shoe-maker’s wife often goes in ragged shoes. .. Although there had been a [Methodist] Society begun here by Mr. Whitfield, yet.. the people of Gloucester are not much the better for having had so great a Prophet born amongst them. 1876 S. SMILES Life of Scotch Naturalist xvii. His large family.. were all.. well shod, notwithstanding the Scottish proverb to the contrary. ‘The Smith’s meer [mare] and the shoemaker’s bairns are aye the worst shod.’ 1981 ‘E. PETERS’ Saint Peter’s Fair 30 Spruce in his dress, but down at heel, Cadfael noticed—proof of the old saying that the shoemaker’s son is always the one who goes barefoot! 1987 S. STEWART Lifting the Latch 58 They say the cobbler’s children go the worst shod. Dad made sure we children went dry-shod by giving us a penny-a-week for the Boot-fund. 2001 Spectator 4 Aug. 28 The cobbler’s children go barefoot, and Pearson, which publishes the Financial Times,

has lost £233 million in six months. family shoemaker see also let the COBBLER stick to his last. shop see KEEP your shop and your shop will keep you. shopkeeper see the ENGLISH are a nation of shopkeepers. shorn see GOD tempers the wind to the shorn lamb; many go out for WOOL and comehome shorn. A SHORT horse is soon curried A slight task is soon completed. Curried here means ‘groomed with a currycomb’. c 1350 Douce MS 52 no. 17 Short hors is son j-curryed. a 1530 R. HILL Commonplace Book (EETS) 128 A shorte hors is son curried. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 395 A short Horse is soon curried. 1820 SCOTT Abbot I. xi. A short tale is soon told—and a short horse soon curried. 1939 L. I. WILDER By Shores of Silver Lake xxx. A short horse is soon curried. This is our tightest squeeze yet,.. but it’s only a beginning. 1948 F. P. KEYES Dinner at Antoine’s xx. That’s a short horse and soon curried. Let’s go see this Captain Murphy and put an end to it. efficiency and inefficiency; work SHORT reckonings make long friends A short reckoning is the speedy settlement of an account. 1530 R. WHITFORDE Work for Householders A4 The commune prouerbe is that ofte rekenynge holdest longe felawship. 1641 D. FERGUSSON Scottish Proverbs (STS) no. 668 Oft compting makes good friends. 1673 J. DARE Counsellor Manners xciii. Short reckonings (we say) make long friends. 1842 S. LOVER Handy Andy viii. There must be no nonsense about the wedding. .. Just marry her off, and take her home. Short reckonings make long friends. 1918 BARONESS ORCZY Man in Grey 15 Short reckonings make long friends. I’ll have a couple of hundred francs now. business; punctuality

short see also ART is long and life is short; LONG foretold, long last. shortest see BARNABY bright, Barnaby bright, the longest day and the shortest night; theLONGEST way round is the shortest way home. shoulder see you cannot put an OLD head on young shoulders. show see TIME will tell. shower see APRIL showers bring forth May flowers. SHROUDS have no pockets 1854 R. C. TRENCH On Lessons in Proverbs (ed. 2) v. With an image Dantesque in its vigour, that ‘a man shall carry nothing away with him when he dieth’, take this Italian, Our last robe, that is our winding sheet, is made without pockets. 1909 A. MACLAREN Epistle to Ephesians 41 There is nothing that is truly our wealth which remains outside of us, and can be separated from us. ‘Shrouds have no pockets.’ 1961 M. KELLY Spoilt Kill II. 20 ‘He had a win on the pools and it’s burning him.’ ‘Shrouds don’t need pockets, love,’ he said with a grin. 2002 Spectator 13 Apr. 57 So we take into the afterlife only what we have given away. Shrouds have no pockets. death; money A SHUT mouth catches no flies 1599 J. MINSHEU Spanish Grammar 83 In a closed vp mouth a flie cannot get in. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 219 Into a mouth shut flies flie not. 1659 T. FULLER Appeal of Injured Innocence I. 12 The Spanish Proverb.. is necessary in dangerous.. Times, Where the mouth is shut no Fly doth enter. 1742 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Feb.) Speak and speed: the close mouth catches no flies. 1897 ‘H. S. MERRIMAN’ In Kedar’s Tents xxiii. Concha, remembering.. that no flies enter a shut mouth, was silent. 1926 T. A. WILLARD City of Sacred Well xv. Tell each of them that a shut mouth catches no flies. We may find.. nothing.. and.. we do not want the other men laughing at us behind our backs. 1984 ‘M. HEBDEN’ Pel and Pirates (1987) v. 43 ‘People keep a tight lip. In bocca chiusa non entra mai mosca.. . It’s an old Italian saying. The people on the island use it.’ ‘What’s it mean?’ ‘A fly never enters a closed mouth. They don’t talk much.’ discretion; speech and silence

shut see also a DOOR must either be shut or open; when ONE door shuts, another opens; itis too late to shut the STABLE-door after the horse has bolted.shy see ONCE bitten, twice shy. sick see the DEVIL was sick, the Devil a saint would be.. ; HOPE deferred makes the heartsick. side see it is BEST to be on the safe side; the BREAD never falls but on its buttered side;the GRASS is always greener on the other side of the fence; PROVIDENCE is always on theside of the big battalions; there are TWO sides to every question.sight see in vain the NET is spread in the sight of the bird; OUT of sight, out of mind.SILENCE is a woman’s best garmentCf. SOPHOCLES Ajax 1. 293 silence is a woman’s ornament.The passage of St. Paul alluded to in quot. 1539 is I CORINTHIANS xiv. 34 (AV) Let yourwomen keep silence in the churches, for it is not permitted unto them to speak. 1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages 50 Mulierem ornat silentium. Silencegarny-sheth a woman.. whych thynge also the Apostle Paule requyreth. 1659 J. HOWELLProverbs (English) 11 Silence the best ornament of a woman. 1732 T. FULLERGnomologia no. 4166 Silence is a fine Jewel for a Woman; but it’s little worn. 1977 J.AIKEN Five-Minute Marriage iv. Quiet, miss! Silence is a woman’s best garment.speech and silence; womenSILENCE is goldenSometimes in the fuller version SPEECH is silver, but silence is golden. 1865 W. WHITE Eastern England II. ix. Silence is golden, says the proverb. Weapprehend the full significance.. in some lone hamlet situate amid a ‘thousand fields’.1923 A. HUXLEY Antic Hay xx. Silence is golden, as her father used to say when sheused to fly into tempers and wanted to say nasty things to everybody within range. 2002Washington Post 4 Apr. C13 (Mother Goose & Grimm comic strip) ‘What I don’tunderstand is.. how can campaign money be free speech.. but silence is golden?’ speech

and silence SILENCE means consent This is not a principle accepted in modern English law. However, Sir Thomas More (1478–1535) is said to have riposted with the Latin maxim when asked at his trial why he kept silentwhen asked to acknowledge the King’s supremacy over the Church. Cf. L. qui tacet consentirevidetur, he who is silent seems to consent. c 1380 WYCLIF Select English Works (1871) III. 349 Oo [one] maner of consent is, whanne a man is stille and tellith not. 1591 LYLY Endymion v. iii. Silence, Madame, consents. c 1616–30 Partial Law (1908) v. iv. ‘I will nothing say.’ .. ‘Then silence gives consent.’ 1847 A. HELPS Friends in Council ix. I have known a man.. bear patiently.. a serious charge which a few lines would have entirely answered.’.. ‘Silence does not give consent in these cases.’ 1914 L. WOOLF Wise Virgins v. He.. did not speak. ‘I assume that silence means consent,’ said Arthur. 1986 ‘C. AIRD’ Dead Liberty ii. ‘Silence is consent,’ said the superintendent. His knowledge of law had a magpie quality about it and he had picked up the phrase from somewhere. speech and silence silence see also SPEECH is silver, but silence is golden. You can’t make a SILK purse out of a sow’s ear 1518 A. BARCLAY Eclogues (EETS) v. 360 None can.. make goodly silke of a gotes flece. 1579 S. GOSSON Ephemerides of Phialo 62V Seekinge.. too make a silke purse of a Sowes eare, that when it shoulde close, will not come togeather. 1672 W. WALKER English & Latin Proverbs 44 You cannot make a .. silk purse of a sows ear; a scholar of a blockhead. 1834 MARRYAT Peter Simple I. xii. The master.. having been brought up in a collier, he could not be expected to be very refined. .. ‘It was impossible to make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.’ 1915 D. H. LAWRENCE Rainbow i. You can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear, as he told his mother very early, with regard to himself. 1985 M. SLUNG Momilies 83 You can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear. possibility and impossibility silk see also an APE’S an ape, a varlet’s a varlet, though they be clad in silk or scarlet. silly see ASK a silly question and you get a silly answer.

silver see every CLOUD has a silver lining; SPEECH is silver, but silence is golden. It’s a SIN to steal a pin 1875 A. B. CHEALES Proverbial Folk-Lore 129 It is a sin To steal a pin, as we, all of us, used to be informed in the nursery. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise xiii. Children were taught to ‘know it’s a sin to steal a pin’.. when they brought home some doubtful finding. 1956 D. M. DISNEY Unappointed Rounds xvii. I brought that boy up.. and I taught him to be honest. .. I used to say to him. ‘’Tis a sin to steal a penny or a pin,’ and he’d say it after me. honesty and dishonesty; theft sin see also CHARITY covers a multitude of sins; OLD sins cast long shadows. sincerest see IMITATION is the sincerest form of flattery. SING before breakfast, cry before night Also occurs in reverse form; see quot. 1954. 1530 J. PALSGRAVE L’éclaircissement de la Langue Francaise 404 You waxe mery this morning god gyue grace you wepe nat or [before] nyght. 1611 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English s.v. Soir, Some laugh amornings who ere night shed teares. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 332 They that laugh in the Morning may greet [weep] e’er Night. 1940 ‘T. CHANSLOR’ Our First Murder xii. ‘You remember the saying. “Sing before breakfast—”’ ‘Oh dear—“cry before night.”’ 1954 A. SETON Katherine xxxi. Cry before breakfast, sing before supper. merriment sing see also little BIRDS that can sing and won’t sing must be made to sing; the OPERAisn’t over till the fat lady sings; if you can WALK you can dance, if you can talk you can sing. single see BEAUTY draws with a single hair; the LONGEST journey begins with a singlestep. singly see MISFORTUNES never come singly. sink see LITTLE leaks sink the ship.

sinner see the GREATER the sinner, the greater the saint. If you SIT by the river for long enough, you will see the body of your enemy float by Modern saying, said to derive from a Chinese or Japanese proverb, advocating patiencerather than active revenge. 1995 S. FRENCH in New Statesman Aug. (online) My other favourite Confucius saying goes as follows: ‘If you sit by the river for long enough, you will see the body of your enemy float by.’ 2000 New York Times 10 May (online) A high-stakes gambler.., Mr. Edwards then acknowledged that his luck might finally have run dry. ‘The Chinese have a saying that if you sit by the river long enough, the dead body of your enemy will come floating down the river,’ he said.. ‘I suppose the feds sat by the river long enough, and here comes my body.’ 2004 ‘The long, slow painful death of Film Festivals’ posting 28 Dec. on www.filmthreat.com Remember the old Japanese proverb ‘If you sit by the river long enough, sooner or later the body of your enemy will go floating by.’ action and inaction; patience and impatience; revenge sit see also where MACGREGOR sits is the head of the table. It is ill SITTING at Rome and striving with the Pope a 1628 J. CARMICHAELL Proverbs in Scots no. 1847 Ye may not sit in Rome and strive with the Pape. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 194 It is hard to sit in Rome, and strive against the Pope. It is foolish to strive with our Governours, Landlords, or those under whose Distress we are. 1908 A. MACLAREN Ezekiel 58 ‘It is ill sitting at Rome and striving with the Pope.’ Nebuchadnezzar’s palace was not precisely the place to dispute with Nebuchadnezzar. conduct; prudence sitting see also it is as CHEAP sitting as standing. situation see DESPERATE diseases must have desperate remedies. SIX hours’ sleep for a man, seven for a woman, and eight for a fool

1935 H. SPRING Rachel Rosing xxiv. He knew that he did not love her. .. What else, then?.. He was not going to pretend that this stolen fruit was not sweet. 1961 N. LOFTS House at Old Vine II. 137 Old men are like children, of whom they say ‘Stolen apples are sweetest’. 1971 E. H. COHEN Mademoiselle Libertine iii. The truth was that at the Minimes the show was better than in the Place Royale, perhaps because stolen fruits are sweeter. theft STOLEN waters are sweet With allusion to PROVERBS ix. 17 (AV) Stolen waters are sweet. Cf. c 1395 WYCLIFBible Proverbs ix. 17 Stoln watris ben swettere. Less frequent than the preceding entry. c 1548 Will of Devil (1863) 9 This saiyng of the retcheles [reckless] woman in Salomon (Stollen waters ar sweete). 1614 T. ADAMS Devil’s Banquet I. 3 Sinne shewes you a faire Picture—Stollen waters are sweet. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 298 Stoln Waters are sweet. People take great Delight in that which they can get privately. 1976 A. J. RUSSELL Pour Hemlock ii. Lucarelli, fond of quoting scripture, ended the memo with ‘Stolen waters are sweet’. theft stomach see an ARMY marches on its stomach; the WAY to a man’s heart is through hisstomach. stone see you cannot get BLOOD from a stone; you BUY land, you buy stones;CONSTANT dropping wears away a stone; DRIVE gently over the stones; those who live inGLASS houses shouldn’t throw stones; a ROLLING stone gathers no moss; STICKS andstones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me. STONE-dead hath no fellow Predominantly used by advocates of the death penalty. Fellow here means ‘equal’ or‘counterpart’. c 1633 Soddered Citizen (1936) 1. 2618 ‘Is your ffather dead?’.. ‘Laid with both Leggs Sir, in one lynnen bootehose That has noe fellowe, stone dead. c 1641 CLARENDON Hist. Rebellion (1702) I. III. 191 The Earl of Essex.. answer’d, ‘Stone Dead hath no Fellow.’ 1828 MACAULAY Essays (1843) I. 144 Stonedead hath no fellow. 1926 Times 27 Aug. 11 The execution of the death sentence had been postponed for a week, an unusual period in a country where the adage ‘stone-dead hath no fellow’ wins

general support. 1980 G. BLAKISTON Woburn & Russells v. Bedford, who was against the death penalty for Stratford, sought to moderate the violent opinions of some of his fellow peers, the Earl of Essex being heard to declare vehemently: ‘stone dead hath no fellow’. death; finality stool see BETWEEN two stools one falls to the ground. stop see when you are in a HOLE,stop digging. storm see AFTER a storm comes a calm; ANY port in a storm; the SHARPER the storm,the sooner it’s over. One STORY is good till another is told 1593 R. GREENE Mamillia II. 222 One tale is alwayes good vntil another is heard. a 1661 T. FULLER Worthies (Kent) 65 One story is good till another is heard. 1769 Boston Gazette 24 Apr. 2 The proverb, however homely it may be, will be allow’d by impartial men to be just, that ‘one story is good, till another is told.’ 1831 MACAULAY in Edinburgh Review Jan. 515 A theory is not proved.. because the evidence in its favour looks well at first sight. .. ‘One story is good till another is told!’ 1922 JOYCE Ulysses 121 One story good till you hear the next. good things; novelty story see also until the LIONS produce their own historian,.. ; every PICTURE tells astory. Put a STOUT heart to a stey brae A Scottish proverb also used as a metaphorical phrase. A stey brae is a ‘steep slope’. a 1585 A. MONTGOMERIE Cherry & Sloe (1821) xxxvi. So gets ay, that sets ay, Stout stomackis to the brae. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 287 Set a stout Heart to a stay Brea. Set about a difficult Business with Courage and Constancy. 1821 J. GALT Annals of Parish i. I began a round of visitations; but oh, it was a steep brae that I had to climb, and it needed a stout heart. For I found the doors.. barred against me. 1916 J. BUCHAN Greenmantle xii. He.. shouted to me.. to ‘pit a stoot hert tae a stey brae’. 1937 S. SCOTT Crazy Murder Show v. Like the walls of Jericho, their resistance will eventually crumble if you peg away long enough. A stout heart to a stey brae, as my Inverness grandmother used to say. boldness; perservance

strange see ADVERSITY makes strange bedfellows; POLITICS makes strangebedfellows. stranger see FACT is stranger than fiction; TRUTH is stranger than fiction. straw see you cannot make BRICKS without straw; a DROWNING man will clutch at astraw; it is the LAST straw that breaks the camel’s back. STRAWS tell which way the wind blows The phrase ‘a straw in the wind’, a sign of the prevailing opinion, action, etc., is alsofound. a 1654 J. SELDEN Table-Talk (1689) 31 Take a straw and throw it up into the Air, you shall see by that which way the Wind is. .. More solid things do not shew the Complexion of the times so well, as Ballads and Libels. 1799 COBBETT Porcupine’s Works (1801) X. 161 ‘Straws’ (to make use of Callender’s old hackneyed proverb).. ‘served to show which way the wind blows.’ 1927 A. ADAMS Ranch on Beaver vii. As straws tell which way the wind blows.. this day’s work gives us a clean line on these company cattle. 1968 R. H. R. SMITHIES Shoplifter vii. You must remember that I was present at the contretemps which occurred at your house two days ago. Straws show which way the wind blows, Mrs. Pride! hints; omens A STREAM cannot rise above its source 1663 S. TUKE Adventures of Five Hours (Prologue) He would be ever w’you, but wants force; The Stream will rise no higher than the Source. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 4771 The Stream can never rise above the Spring-head. 1905 H. A. VACHELL Hill 84 Clever chap. .. But one is reminded that a stream can’t rise higher than its source. 1921 T. R. GLOVER Pilgrim 125 It is held that a stream cannot rise above its source; but.. [a] river may have many tributaries, and one of them may change the character of what we call the main stream. 1952 R. A. KNOX Hidden Stream iv. Because after all the stream doesn’t rise higher than its source, and God, however we conceive him, must be higher in the scale of being than anything he has created. beginnings and endings stream see also don’t CHANGE horses in mid-stream; when the LAST tree is cut down,..and the last stream poisoned,.. you will realize that you cannot eat money.

strength see UNION is strength. strengthen see as the DAY lengthens, so the cold strengthens. STRETCH your arm no further than your sleeve will reach Do not spend more than you can afford. Similar to CUT your coat according to your cloth. 1541 M. COVERDALE tr. H. Bullinger’s Christian State of Matrimony xix. Strech out thine arme no farther then thy sleve wyll retche. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 211 Stretch your arme no further than your sleeve will reach. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 277 Put your Hand no farther than your Sleeve will reach. That is, spend no more than your Estate will bear. 1881 W. WESTALL Old Factory II. ii. It would leave me short of working capital, and . . I mustn’t stretch my arm further than th’coat-sleeve will reach. circumstances; poverty; prudence Everyone STRETCHES his legs according to the length of his coverlet a 1300 WALTER OF HENLEY Husbandry (1890) 4 Wo that stretchet fortherre than his wytel [blanket] wyle reche, in the straue [straw] his fet he mot streche. 1550 W. HARRYS Market D5V Then must many a man.. stretche out his legges accor-dynge to the length of his coverlet. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 147 Everyone stretcheth his legges according to his coverlet. 1897 ‘H. S. MERRIMAN’ In Kedar’s Tents iv. ‘The English.. travel for pleasure.’.. ‘Every one stretches his legs according to the length of his coverlet,’ he said. circumstances; prudence STRIKE while the iron is hot A proverb originally alluding to the blacksmith’s art. Cf. late 13th-cent. Fr. len doit batrele fer tandis cum il est chauz, one must strike the iron while it is hot. c 1386 CHAUCER Tale of Melibee 1.1035 Whil that iren is hoot, men sholden smyte. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. iii. A4 And one good lesson to this purpose I pyke [pick] From the smiths forge, whan thyron is hote stryke. 1576 G. PETTIE Petit Palace 181 I think it wisdome to strike while the iron is hot. 1682 BUNYAN Holy War 18 Finding.. the affections of the people warmly inclining to him, he, as thinking

‘twas best striking while the iron is hot, made this.. speech. 1771 SMOLLETT Humphry Clinker III. 242 If so be as how his regard be the same, why stand shilly shally? Why not strike while the iron is hot, and speak to the ‘squire without loss of time? 1848 THACKERAY Vanity Fair xxi. Let George cut in directly and win her. ..Strike while the iron’s hot. 1974 T. SHARPE Porterhouse Blue xx. ‘It seems an inopportune moment,’ said the Senior Tutor doubtfully. .. ‘We must strike while the iron is hot,’ said the Dean. 2000 ‘G. WILLIAMS’ Dr. Mortimer and Aldgate Mystery (2001) xxxii. 158 ‘Excellent!’ I replied. ‘Let us take up the invitation this very weekend: strike while the iron is hot.’ opportunity strike see also LIGHTNING never strikes the same place twice. striving see it is ill SITTING at Rome and striving with the Pope. stroke see DIFFERENT strokes for different folks; LITTLE strokes fell great oaks; bewareof an OAK, it draws the stroke. strong see the CARIBOU feeds the wolf, but it is the wolf who keeps the caribou strong;GOOD fences make good neighbours; the RACE is not to the swift, nor the battle to thestrong; YORKSHIRE born and Yorkshire bred, strong in the arm and weak in the head. stronger see a CHAIN is no stronger than its weakest link. stubborn see FACTS are stubborn things. The STYLE is the man Cf. L. stylus virum arguit, the style shows the man; G. L. LE CLERC, CONTE DEBUFFON in Histoire Naturelle (1753) VII. p. xvii. Le style est l’homme même, the style is theman himself. 1901 A. WHYTE Bible Characters V. civ. If the style is the man in Holy Scripture also.. we feel a very great liking for Luke. 1942 H. F. HEARD Reply Paid ix. Usually I don’t like to have my style modified. ‘The style is the man.’ human nature; idiosyncrasy From the SUBLIME to the ridiculous is only a step

In this form, from a remark made by Napoleon to the Polish ambassador De Pradt (D. G.De Pradt Histoire de l’Ambassade.. (1815) 215), following the retreat from Moscow in 1812:Du sublime au ridicule il n’y a qu’un pas, there is only one step from the sublime to theridiculous. The idea, however, was not original to Napoleon: 1795 T. PAINE Age of Reason II.20 The sublime and the ridiculous are often so nearly related, that it is difficult to class themseparately. One step above the sublime, makes the ridiculous; and one step above theridiculous, makes the sublime again. 1879 M. PATTISON Milton 116 The Hague tittle-tattle.. is set forth in the pomp of Milton’s loftiest Latin. .. The sublime and the ridiculous are here blended without the step between. 1909 Times Literary Supplement 17 Dec. 492 In the case of Louis XVIII, indeed, the ridiculous was, as it is commonly said to be, only a step removed from the sublime. 1940 W. & E. MUIR tr. L. Feuchtwanger’s Paris Gazette II. xxxviii. From the sublime to the ridiculous is only a step, but there’s no road that leads back from the ridiculous to the sublime. 1983 ‘M. INNES‘ Appleby & Honeybath iii. ‘At least,’ he said, ‘we can now go next door. Architecturally speaking, it’s to move from the sublime to the ridiculous’. great and small If at first you don’t SUCCEED, try, try, try again The short poem Try (try) again was often quoted in nineteenth-century children’sliterature, especially in the United States (see quot. 1840). It is popularly attributed to W. E.Hickson, who quoted it (with three try’s) in his Moral Songs (1857) p. 8, but Palmer’s use isearlier. The saying was soon used independently as a proverb. 1840 T. H. PALMER Teacher’s Manual 223 ‘Tis a lesson you should heed, Try, try again. If at first you do n’t succeed, Try, try again. 1915 E. B. HOLT Freudian Wish iii. The child is frustrated, but not instructed; and it is in the situation where, later on in life, we say to ourselves, ‘If at first you don’t succeed, Try, try, try again!’ a 1979 A. CHRISTIE Miss Marple’s Final Cases 39 You mustn’t give up, Mr. Rossiter, ‘If at first you don’t succeed, try, try, try again.’ 2001 Washington Times 3 Aug. A17 John F. Harris reports, ‘Bill Clinton this week will begin a second attempt at beginning his ex- presidency.’ (If at first you don’t succeed, try and try again.) perseverance; success succeed see also NOTHING succeeds like success. SUCCESS has many fathers, while failure is an orphan

Cf. 1942 G. CIANO Diary 9 Sept. (1946) II. 196 La vittoria trova cento padri, e nessunovuole riconoscere l’insuccesso. Victory has a hundred fathers, and no one acknowledges afailure. 1961 J. F. KENNEDY News Conference 21 Apr. in Public Papers of Presidents of U.S. (1962) 312 There’s an old saying that victory has 100 fathers and defeat is an orphan. 1991 Washington Times 29 Jan. G1 In the aftermath of the impeccably executed aerial attack that initiated the war with Iraq, the old saw that success has many fathers while failure is an orphan comes to mind. 2002 Times 11 June 19 In war, it has often been noted, victory has a hundred fathers, but defeat is an orphan. success suck see don’t TEACH your grandmother to suck eggs. Never give a SUCKER an even break This saying has been attributed to various people, including E. F. Albee and W. C. Fields.It was popularized by Fields, who is said to have used it in the musical comedy Poppy (1923),though it does not occur in the libretto. Poppy was made into a silent film in 1925 and calledSally of the Sawdust. This was in turn remade as a ‘talkie’ in 1936 (see quot. 1936). Theproverb means that one should not allow a fair chance to a fool, or one who may be easilydeceived. 1925 Collier’s 28 Nov. 26 ‘That line of mine that brings down the house always was true, wasn’t it?’ ‘Which line?’ I asked. ‘Never give a sucker an even break’ he [W. C. Fields] answered. 1936 N. Y. Herald Tribune 15 Mar. v. 1 Wasn’t it ‘Poppy’ that provided him with his immortal motto, ‘Never give a sucker an even break’? 1940 WODEHOUSE Eggs, Beans & Crumpets 158 Never give a sucker an even break. .. But your sermon has made me see that there is something higher and nobler than a code of business ethics. 1979 Daily Telegraph 3 Nov. 24 The basic American business philosophy of ‘never give a sucker an even break’ runs rampant in those [money] markets. fair dealing; fools suckling see out of the MOUTHS of babes—. sudden see hasty CLIMBERS have sudden falls. SUE a beggar and catch a louse

1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 72 Sue a begger and get a louse. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (English) 2 Goe to Law with a beggar, thou shalt gett a lowse. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 4285 Sue a Beggar, and catch a Louse. 1819 SCOTT Bride ofLammermoor iii. I guess it is some law phrase—but sue a beggar, and—your honour knows what follows. 1937 R. WINSTON It’s a Far Cry xi. Such suit would have been useless as he was insolvent. The case indeed would have been the old one of suing a beggar and catching a louse! futility; law and lawyers suffer see when ELEPHANTS fight, it is the grass that suffers. SUFFICIENT unto the day is the evil thereof With allusion to MATTHEW vi. 34 (AV) Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. 1766 in L. H. Butterfield et al. Adams Family Correspondence (1963) I. 56 Sufficient to the Day is the Evil thereof. 1836 J. CARLYLE Letter 1 Apr. in Letters & Memorials (1893) I. 57 In the meanwhile there were no sense in worrying over schemes for a future, which we may not live to see. ‘Sufficient for the day is the evil thereof.’ 1979 M. BABSON So soon done For vii. ‘I’ll deal with these [bills] later.’.. ‘Sufficient unto the day,’ Kay agreed. good and evil sufficient see also a WORD to the wise is enough. summer see the RICH man has his ice in the summer and the poor man gets his in thewinter; one SWALLOW does not make a summer. Never let the SUN go down on your anger With allusion to EPHESIANS iv. 26 (AV) Let not the sun go down upon your wrath. 1642 T. FULLER Holy State III. viii. S. Paul saith, Let not the Sunne go down on your wrath; to carry news of the Antipodes in another world of thy revengefull nature. 1709 O. DYKES English Proverbs 189 We ought not to let the Sun go down upon our Wrath, or our Impenitence; neither ought we to let it conclude our Sluggishness. 1972 CASSON & GRENFELL Nanny Says 37 Never let the sun go down on your anger. 1981 M. MCMULLEN Other Shoe ii. Never let the sun go down on your anger, Clare’s grandmother Herne used to say. anger; forgiveness; malice

The SUN loses nothing by shining into a puddleC f . DIOGENES LAERTIUS VI. lxiii. the sunshines into dung but is not tainted (attributed to Diogenes); TERTULLIAN De Spectaculis xx.sol et in cloacam radios suos defert nec inquinatur, the sun spreads his rays even into thesewer, and is not stained. 1303 R. BRUNNE Handlyng Synne (EETS) 1. 2299 The sunne, hys feyrnes neuer hetynes [loses], Thoghhyt on the mukhepe shynes. c 1390 CHAUCER Parson’s Tale 1. 911Though that hooly writ speke of horrible synne, certes hooly writ may nat been defouled,namoore than the sonne that shyneth on the mixne [midden]. 1578 LYLY Euphues I. 193The Sun shineth vppon the dungehill and is not corrupted. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologiano. 4776 The Sun is never the worse for shining on a Dunghill. 1943 E. M.ALMEDINGEN Frossia iv. Dreadful words did fly about then, but the sun loses nothingby shining into a puddle. associates; great and small sun see also happy is the BRIDE that the sun shines on; MAKE hay while the sun shines;there is NOTHING new under the sun.sunny see if CANDLEMAS day be sunny and bright, winter will have another flight. supper see AFTER dinner rest a while, after supper walk a mile; HOPE is a good breakfastbut a bad supper.He who SUPS with the Devil should have a long spoonA proverb advocating caution when dealing with dangerous or malevolent persons. c 1390 CHAUCER Squire’s Tale 1. 602 Therfore bihoueth hire a ful long spoon Thatshal ete with a feend. 1545 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages (ed. 2) 9V He had nede tohaue a longe spone that shuld eate with the deuyl. 1590 SHAKESPEARE Comedy ofErrors IV. iii. 59 He must have a long spoon that must eat with the devil.—What tell’stthou me of supping? 1641 D. FERGUSSON Scottish Proverbs (STS) no. 350 He shouldhave a long shafted spoon that sups kail [vegetable broth] with the devil. 1721 J. KELLYScottish Proverbs 147 He had need of a long Spoon that sups Kail with the Dee’l. He thathas to do with wicked.. Men, had need to be cautious. 1840 R. H. BARHAM Ingoldsby

Legends 1st Ser. 270 Who suppes with the Deville sholde have a longe spoone! 1979 ‘E.ANTHONY’ Grave of Truth viii. Hindenburg and the army thought they could use[Hitler]. . . Who sups with the devil needs a long spoon. associates; caution; perilsure see SLOW but sure.suspicion see CAESAR’S wife must be above suspicion.SUSSEX won’t be druv A local proverb which asserts that Sussex people have minds of their own, and cannot beforced against their will. Druv is a dialect variant of drove (standard English driven). 1910 in T. Wales Sussex Garland (1979) i. (postcard) Have got as fat as a Sussex[pig]—and ‘wunt be druv’ from Brighton. 1924 H. DE SELINCOURT Cricket Match vi.‘Well, we’d better be going, I suppose,’ Gauvinier announced.. well aware that ‘Sussexwon’t be druv’. 1939 ‘D. FROME’ Pinkerton at Old Angel vi. The sudden weariness inher frail face testified to years of patient leading. Mr. Pinkerton thought of the boast ofthe men of Sussex. They too couldn’t be druv, they said. 1979 T. WALES Sussex Garlandi. There ant no place like Sussex, Until ye goos above, For Sussex will be Sussex, AndSussex won’t be druv! obstinacyOne SWALLOW does not make a summer Cf. Gr. one swallow does not make a spring; ERASMUS Adages I.vii. una hirundo non facit ver. 1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages 25 It is not one swalowe that bryngeth insomer. It is not one good qualitie that maketh a man good. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogueof Proverbs II. v. H3 One swalow maketh not sommer. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs(English) 11 One Swallow doth not make a Summer. 1844 DICKENS Martin Chuzzlewitxlii. One foul wind no more makes a winter, than one swallow makes a summer. 2000 ‘G.WILLIAMS’ Dr. Mortimer and Aldgate Mystery (2001) xiv. 78 One or two alfrescoafternoons in the garden under the supervision of Ord and Demmy did not spell liberationany more than one swallow made a summer . . omensIt is idle to SWALLOW the cow and choke on the tail

Quot. 1721 explains the meaning. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (English) 13 To swallow an Ox, and be choaked with the tail. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 190 It is a Shame to eat the Cow, and worry [choke] on the Tail. It is a Shame to perform a great Task all but a little, and then give over. 1915 J. BUCHAN Salute to Adventurers xviii. We had gone too far to turn back, and as our proverb says, ‘It is idle to swallow the cow and choke on the tail.’ 1935 C. M. RUSSELL Murder at Old Stone House xvi. I’m not one to swallow a cow and choke on the tail. perseverance swallow (noun) see also the ROBIN and the wren are God’s cock and hen. swap see don’t CHANGE horses in mid-stream. A SWARM in May is worth a load of hay; a swarm in June is worth a silver spoon;but a swarm in July is not worth a fly 1655 S. HARTLIB Reformed Commonwealth of Bees 26 It being a Proverb, that a Swarm of Bees in May is worth a Cow and a Bottle [bundle] of Hay, whereas a Swarm in July is not worth a Fly. 1710 Tusser Redivivus May 11 The Proverb says, ‘A Swarm in May is worth a Load of Hay’. 1879 R. JEFFERIES Wild Life in Southern County vii. ‘A swarm in May is worth a load of hay; a swarm in June is worth a silver spoon; but a swarm in July is not worth a fly’—for it is then too late.. to store up.. honey before the flowers begin to fade. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise v. As she reminded the children: A swarm in May’s worth a rick of hay; And a swarm in June’s worth a silver spoon; while A swarm in July isn’t worth a fly. 1985 D. FOSTER Dog Rock ii. Aswarm of bees in May is worth a load of hay, A swarm of bees in June is worth a silver spoon, A swarm of bees in July is worth not a fly. On that basis, a swarm of bees now would be worth a milking cow, but I won’t be joining it to one of my colonies. calendar lore If every man would SWEEP his own doorstep the city would soon be clean 1624 T. ADAMS Temple 65 When we would haue the street cleansed, let euery man sweep his owne doore, and it is quickly done. 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 41 If every one will sweep his own house, the City will be clean. 1930 Times 25 Mar. 10 It appears to be hard to draw a clear distinction between deciding a question of right and wrong for one’s self and deciding it for others. .. ‘If every man would sweep his own

doorstep the city would soon be clean.’ 2002 Washington Times 14 Aug. B5 You’re right —and if everyone swept his own doorstep, this world would be a cleaner place. cleanliness; society SWEEP the house with broom in May, you sweep the head of the house away There was a widespread folk belief associating broom with witches and magic; hence,flowering broom was considered unlucky and a harbinger of death in any house into which itwas brought. 1873 Folk-Lore Record I. 52 The old gentleman.. strictly forbade green brooms being used in his house during the month of May, and, as a reason for the prohibition, used to quote the adage—’If you sweep the house with broom in May, You’ll sweep the head of that house away’. 1943 H. C. BAILEY Mr. Fortune Finds Pig (1948) xvi. 64 ‘What hadn’t you thought of?’ Rosen demanded sharply.’ “Sweep the house with broom in May”, Reggie murmured, ‘“You sweep the head of the house away. calendar lore; superstition sweep see also NEW brooms sweep clean. With a SWEET tongue and kindness, you can drag an elephant by a hair Of Iranian origin; a variant is ‘. . drag a snake..’. 2001 Seattle Times 31 Mar. All With a sweet tongue and kindness you can drag an elephant by a hair.—Persian proverb. 2006 Times 4 Sept. 20 Another local maxim appears to capture the outside world’s response to Iran’s nuclear ambitions. It is akin to an ancient remark: ‘A gentle hand may lead an elephant by a hair.’ For that is clearly the approach that Kofi Annan, on behalf of the United Nations, and Javier Solana, for the European Union, are adopting. gentleness; tact sweet see also LITTLE fish are sweet; REVENGE is sweet; STOLEN fruit is sweet;STOLEN waters are sweet. sweeter see the NEARER the bone, the sweeter the meat. From the SWEETEST wine, the tartest vinegar

1578 LYLY Euphues I. 197 As the best wine doth make the sharpest vinaigar, so the deepest loue tourneth to the deadliest hate. 1637 J. HOWELL Familiar Letters 3 Feb. (1903) II. 140 He swears he had rather see a basilisk than her [his former love]. The sweetest wines may turn to the tartest vinegar. 1852 E. FITZGERALD Polonius 9 ‘It is.. the sweetest wine that makes the sharpest vinegar,’ says an old proverb. 1979 Daedalus Summer 121 The juxtaposition silently signals the cautionary maxim ‘From the sweetest wine, the tartest vinegar’. opposites sweetness see the KUMARA does not speak of its own sweetness. swift see the RACE is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong. swim see don’t go near the WATER until you learn how to swim. swine see do not throw PEARLS to swine; on SAINT Thomas the Divine kill all turkeys,geese, and swine. swing see what you LOSE on the swings you gain on the roundabouts. Swithun see SAINT Swithun’s day if thou be fair for forty days it will remain. sword see whosoever DRAWS his sword against the prince must throw the scabbard away;he who LIVES by the sword dies by the sword; the PEN is mightier than the sword.

T table see where MACGREGOR sits is the head of the table. tail see every HERRING must hang by its own gill; the HIGHER the monkey climbs themore he shows his tail; it is idle to SWALLOW the cow and choke on the tail. tailor see NINE tailors make a man. TAKE the goods the gods provide Cf. PLAUTUS Rudens 1.1229 habeas quod di dant boni, you may keep what good the godsgive. 1697 DRYDEN Alexander’s Feast 5 Lovely Thais sits beside thee, Take the good the gods provide thee. 1880 TROLLOPE Duke’s Children III. xiv. ‘It is only because I am the governor’s son,’ Silverbridge pleaded. .. ‘What of that? Take the goods the gods provide you.’ 1980 M. MCMULLEN Something of Night viii. Take the goods the gods provide, and don’t.. sulk when they are snatched away. good fortune; opportunity take see also it takes ALL sorts to make a world; you can take the BOY out of the countrybut you can’t take the country out of the boy; GIVE a thing, and take a thing, to wear theDevil’s gold ring; GIVE and take is fair play; you can take a HORSE to the water, but youcan’t make him drink; you PAYS your money and you takes your choice; take care of thePENCE and the pounds will take care of themselves; it takes TWO to make a bargain; it takesTWO to make a quarrel; it takes TWO to tango. It TAKES one to know one 1977 National Journal 9 July 1090 In the it-takes-one-to-know-one category. Lester L. Kinsolving, among other jobs, is serving as national editor for the Panax Corp. newspapers. 1997 Buffalo News 27 Aug. 9D We hear that a local dude discourages his wife from buying antiques by saying, ‘It takes one to know one.’ 2001 R. HILL Dialogues of Dead xxiii. 200 ‘Sam just wasn’t the suicidal type.’ ‘Takes a one to know a one, does it?’ said Dalziel. 2007 New Scientist 23 June 37 (heading) Birds that have never stolen do not re-hide their cache. It takes a thief to know a thief. similarity and dissimilarity

A TALE never loses in the telling Also used in the phrase to lose (or grow) in the telling, often implying exaggeration. 1541Schoolhouse of Women A4V What soeuer commeth to memorye Shall not be loste, for thetellinge. 1581 Stationers’Register (1875) II. 388 A good tale Cannot to [o] often be Tolde. 1609 S. HARWARD MS (Trinity College, Cambridge) 121 Tales lose nothing by the cariadge. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 44 A Tale never loses in the telling. Fame or Report.. commonly receives an Addition as it goes from hand to Hand. 1907 Spectator 16 Nov. 773 A story never loses in the telling in the mouth of an Egyptian. 1954 L. P. HARTLEY White Wand 15 No doubt Antonio was telling the story to his fellow- gondoliers and it would lose nothing in the telling. 1979 M. STEWART Last Enchantment 19 Like all strange tales, it will grow with the telling. rumour tale see also DEAD men tell no tales. Never tell TALES out of school The phrase to tell tales out of school is also used. 1530 W. TYNDALE Practice of Prelates B1V So that what cometh once in may never out for feare of tellinge tales out of scole. 1616 J. WITHALS Dict. (rev. ed.) 573 You must not tel tales out of the Tauerne. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 303 Tell no School Tales. Do not blab abroad what is said in drink, or among Companions. 1876 I. BANKS Manchester Man I. xv. All attempts to make known school troubles and grievances were met with ‘Never tell tales out of school’. 1963 A. CHRISTIE Clocks xxiv. ‘Well—.’.. ‘I understand. Mustn’t tell tales out of school.’ malice TALK is cheap Cf. c 1600 A. MUNDAY et al. Sir T. More (1911) 23 Woords are but wordes, and payesnot what men owe; 1639 CHAPMAN & SHIRLEY Ball v. i. You may heare talke; but give methe man That has measur’d ’em: talkes but talke. 1668 R. B. Adagia Scotica 47 Seying goes good cheap. 1843 T. C. HALIBURTON Attache I. ii. Talk is cheap, it don’t cost nothin’ but breath. 1929 K. C. STRAHAN

Footprints i. Talk’s cheap. You could never make me believe that. 2002 Washington Times 16 Mar. F15 (Herb & Jamaal comic strip)’Talk is cheap.. because the supply always exceeds the demand.’ boasting; words and deedsTALK of the Devil, and he is bound to appearAlso abbreviated to talk of the Devil!, used when a person just spoken of is suddenly seen. 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 134 The English say, Talk of the Devil, and he’s presently at your elbow. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 299 Speak of the Dee’l, and he’ll appear. Spoken when they, of whom we are speaking, come in by Chance. 1773 R. GRAVES Spiritual Quixote II. VIII. V. ‘How free he had made with the Devil’s name.’.. ‘Talk of the Devil, and he will appear.’ 1830 MARRYAT King’s Own II. V. The unexpected appearance of Mrs. Rainscourt made him involuntarily exclaim, ‘Talk of the devil—’ ‘And she appears, Sir,’ replied the lady. 1979 Radio Times 27 Oct.-2 Nov. 66 Talk of the Devil.. and he’s bound to appear, they say. 2001 R. HILL Dialogues of Dead xiii. 107 ‘Talk of the devil, there he is. How do, Your Lordship! Who’s looking after the maggots?’ coincidencetalk see also MONEY talks; if you can WALK you can dance, if you can talk you can sing.tango see it takes TWO to tango.tar see do not spoil the SHIP for a ha’porth of tar.Tartar see SCRATCH a Russian and you find a Tartar.tartest see from the SWEETEST wine, the tartest vinegar.taste see there is no ACCOUNTING for tastes; EVERY man to his taste.TASTES differ 1803 J. DAVIS Travels in USA ii. Tastes sometimes differ. 1868 W. COLLINS Moonstone I. xv. Tastes differ. .. I never saw a marine landscape that I admired less. 1924 H. DE SELINCOURT Cricket Match iii. It’s no use arguing about that. .. Tastes differ.

1940 ‘J. J. CONNINGTON’ Four Defences xii. Tastes differ. One has to admit it. 1974 ‘M. INNES’ Appleby’s Other Story xi. She seemed as alive as an electric eel, and no more comfortable for the purpose of making passes at. But tastes of course differ. idiosyncrasy; taste tattered see there’s many a GOOD cock come out of a tattered bag. tax see NOTHING is certain but death and taxes. You can’t TEACH an old dog new tricks 1530 J. FITZHERBERT Husbandry (ed. 2) G1V The dogge must lerne it when he is a whelpe, or els it wyl not be; for it is harde to make an olde dogge to stoupe. 1636 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain (ed. 5) 300 It is hard to teach an old dog trickes. 1672 W. WALKER English & Latin Proverbs 46 An old dog will learn no new tricks. 1806 J. RANDOLPH Letter 15 Feb. (1834)14 There is an old proverb, ‘You cannot teach an old dog new tricks.’ 1987 J. HIGGINS Little Death Music V. He’s listening to records with Vance. Downright rude, if you ask me, but you can’t teach an old dog new tricks. 2002 Times 18 May 5 If ever there was a teacher who gave the lie to the proverb about old dogs and new tricks it is 89-year-old Donald Turner, whose classes on subjects as wide- ranging as line dancing and geography have left pupils asking for more. habit; innovation; old age Don’t TEACH your grandmother to suck eggs A caution against offering advice to someone wiser and more experienced than oneself.The metaphorical phrase to teach one’s grandmother (to suck eggs) is also found. 1707 J. STEVENS tr. Quevedo’s Comical Works IV. 403 You would have me teach my Grandame to suck Eggs. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 57 ‘I’ll mend it, Miss.’ .. ‘You mend it! go, Teach your Grannam to suck Eggs.’ 1882 BLACKMORE Christowell II. iii. A. . twinkle, which might have been interpreted—‘instruct your grandfather in the suction of gallinaceous products’. 1967 RIDOUT & WITTING English Proverbs Explained 48 Don’t teach your grandmother to suck eggs. 2000 S. BOOTH Black Dog xxvii. 433 Hitchens was really warming up now. ‘Teaching your grandmother to suck eggs’ was an expression that sprang to the DCI’s mind. advice teach see also he who CAN, does.

teacher see EXPERIENCE is the best teacher. teeth see the GODS send nuts to those who have no teeth. TELL the truth and shame the Devil 1548 W. PATTEN Expedition into Scotland A5 An Epigram.. the whiche I had, or rather (to saie truth and shame the deuel, for out it wool) I stale.. from a frende of myne. 1576 G. GASCOIGNE Grief of Joy II. 555 I will tell trewth, the devyll hymselfe to shame. 1597–8 SHAKESPEARE Henry IV, Pt 1 III. i. 58 And I can teach thee, coz [cousin], to shame the devil By telling truth: tell truth, and shame the devil. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 316 Tell the truth, and shame the Devill. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 93 Well; but who was your Author? Come, tell Truth and shame the Devil. 1945 F. THOMPSON Lark Rise xiv. A few homely precepts, such as.. ‘Tell the truth and shame the devil.’ 2000 V. MCDERMID Place of Execution III. iii. 255 ‘Questions are no trouble to me,’ she snapped. ‘Tell truth and shame the devil. I’ve nothing to fear from your questions, so ask away.’ 2007 Times2 8 June 7 Tell the truth and shame the devil, nanny used to say. But precepts such as that are perhaps too crude for the subtle minds who lead the modern C of E. truth tell see also BLOOD will tell; you can’t tell a BOOK by its cover; CHILDREN and foolstell the truth; DEAD men tell no tales; every PICTURE tells a story; STRAWS tell which waythe wind blows; never tell TALES out of school; TIME will tell. telling see a TALE never loses in the telling. temper see GOD tempers the wind to the shorn lamb. ten see one PICTURE is worth ten thousand words. thaw see ROBIN Hood could brave all weathers but a thaw wind. themselves see GOD helps them that help themselves; LISTENERS never hear any goodof themselves.

thick see YORKSHIRE born and Yorkshire bred, strong in the arm and weak in the head.thicker see BLOOD is thicker than water.Set a THIEF to catch a thief C f . CALLIMACHUS Epigram xliii. being a thief myself Irecognized the tracks of a thief. 1654 E. GAYTON Pleasant Notes upon Don Quixote IV. ii. As they say, set a fool tocatch a fool; a Proverb not of that gravity (as the Spaniards are), but very usefull andproper. 1665 R. HOWARD Four New Plays 74 According to the old saying, Set a Thief tocatch a Thief. 1812 M. EDGEWORTH Tales of Fashionable Life VI. 446 ‘You have allyour life been evading the laws. .. Do you think this has qualified you peculiarly for beinga guardian of the laws?’ Sir Terence replied, ‘Yes, sure, set a thief to catch a thief is nobad maxim.’ 2002 Washington Times 13 Jan. A9 A pickpocket specialist with theWashington Metro Transit Police Department says it may take a thief to catch a thief, butcops who are trained to think like crooks can do just as well. guile; wrong-doers thief see also HANG a thief when he’s young, and he’ll no’ steal when he’s old; there isHONOUR among thieves; the more LAWS, the more thieves and bandits; LITTLE thieves arehanged, but great ones escape; OPPORTUNITY makes a thief; a POSTERN door makes athief; PROCRASTINATION is the thief of time; if there were no RECEIVERS, there would beno thieves.When THIEVES fall out, honest men come by their own 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. ix. L1 And olde folke vnderstood,Whan theues fall out, true men come to their good, Which is not alwaie true. a 1640 DAY& CHETTLE Blind Beggar (1659) IV. G2V Here’s the old Proverb right, When falseTheeves fall out, true men come to their own. 1681 S. COLVIL Whigs’ Supplication II.53 When thieves reckon, it’s oft-times known That honest people get their own. 1838 A.JACKSON Letter 26 Mar. in Correspondence (1931) V. 545 You must recollect the oldadage, ‘When rogues fall out, truth is revealed, and honest men get justice.’ 1866 C.KINGSLEY Hereward the Wake xv. The rogues have fallen out, and honest men maycome by their own. 1980 M. BABSON Queue here for Murder xiii. ‘She’s pretty tied upwith that Arab fellow, isn’t she? They seem thick as thieves.’ ‘But thieves fall out.’..‘You’re a disgraceful old matchmaker!’ honesty and dishonesty; wrong-doers

If a THING’S worth doing, it’s worth doing well Job is sometimes used instead of thing. 1746 CHESTERFIELD Letter 9 Oct. (1932) III. 783 Care and application are necessary. .. In truth, whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 1910 G. K. CHESTERTON What’s Wrong with World IV. xiv. The elegant female, drooping her ringlets over her water-colours,.. was maintaining the prime truth of woman, the universal mother: that if a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing badly. 1915 H. G. WELLS Bealby V. ‘If a thing’s worth doing at all,’ said the professor.. ‘it’s worth doing well.’ 1980 Church Times 22 Feb. 12 ‘Things worth doing are worth doing well,’ was the motto at my first school. 1992 A. LAMBERT Rather English Marriage (1993) iii. 62 She’d never cared for dripdry, .. she’d rather see everything starched and crisply ironed. ‘If a job’s worth doing, it’s worth doing well’ was Gracie’s motto. 2002 Washington Times 11 Mar. B5 Children should learn the value of completing tasks properly. The old saying, ‘A job worth doing is worth doing well,’ holds true. work thing see also ALL good things must come to an end; ALL things are possible with God;ALL things come to those who wait; BAD things come in threes; the BEST things come insmall packages; the BEST things in life are free; FACTS are stubborn things; FIRST thingsfirst; there’s no such thing as a FREE lunch; GIVE a thing, and take a thing, to wear theDevil’s gold ring; KEEP a thing seven years and you’ll always find a use for it; LITTLE thingsplease little minds; there is MEASURE in all things; MODERATION in all things; thingsPAST cannot be recalled; to the PURE all things are pure; THREE things are not to be trusted;you can have TOO much of a good thing; if you WANT a thing done well, do it yourself; theWORTH of a thing is what it will bring. When THINGS are at the worst they begin to mend 1582 G. WHETSTONE Heptameron of Civil Discourses vi. Thinges when they are at the worst, begin again to amend. The Feauer giueth place to health, when he hath brought the pacyent to deathes door. 1600 Sir John Oldcastle H1V Patience good madame, things at worst will mend. 1623 J. WEBSTER Duchess of Malfi IV. i. Things being at the worst, begin to mend. 1748 RICHARDSON Clarissa III. liv. When things are at the worst they must mend. 1889 GISSING Nether World I. ii. When things are at the worst they begin to mend. .. It can’t be much longer before he gets work. 1928 M. SUMMERS Vampire V. If there be any truth in the old adage, that ‘When things are at the worst they must amend,’ the bettering of Spectral Melodrama is not distant. optimism THINK first and speak afterwards

1557 R. EDGEWORTH Sermons B6 Thinke well and thou shalt speak wel. 1623 W. PAINTER Chaucer New Painted B1V Thinke twise, then speak, the old Prouerbe doth say. Yet Fooles their bolts will quickely shoot away. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmio-logia Anglo- Latina 133 First thinke and then speak. 1640 R. BRATHWAIT Art asleep Husband? vii. You thinke twice before you speake, and may be demanded twice before you answer. 1855 H. G. BOHN Hand-Book of Proverbs 528 Think to-day and speak to-morrow. 1902 E. HUBBARD in Philistine May 192 Think twice before you speak and then talk to yourself. 1943 L. I. WILDER Happy Golden Years i. You must do your thinking first and speak afterward. If you will.. do that, you will not have any trouble. 1981 P. O’DONNELL Xanadu Talisman iv. Please think before you speak. discretion; tact THINK global, act local The variant ‘think globally, act locally’ was particularly associated with US environmentalcampaigner Hazel Henderson and appears to have been prevalent before the version adopted asa slogan by David Brower (1912–2000) when he founded Friends of the Earth in 1969 (seequots. 1947 and 1981). 1947 Vidette-Messenger 27 Mar. 2 A letter was also read.. from Mrs. Jane Sense, worthy grand matron, Indiana grand chapter, OES, setting forth the objective and slogan of the right worthy grand matron of the general grand chapter: ‘World Friendship’ and ‘think globally, act locally’. 1981 Christian Science Monitor (Boston, MA) 13 Oct. B3 ‘Think globally, act locally’ is what we all have to do, she [Hazel Henderson] says. 1990 Independent 6 June 17 Bigness for its own sake in advertising has been largely discredited, and a more subdued charter—‘Think global, act local’—is in vogue. 2007 S. O’REILLY in Society of Antiquaries Salon no. 165 [I]t is essential that the new processes do not lead to the creation of a ‘democratic deficit’, alienating people from the big decision-making processes that shape their lives and valued places. Think global, yes, but act local. environment; great and small THINK twice, cut once Less generally current than the very similar MEASURE twice, cut once. 1984 New York Times 9 Sept. (section 11NJ) 8 ‘Think twice, cut once,’ the amateur hobbyist is advised, and note that, beginning in 1871, it took 15 years to design and build the Statue of Liberty. 1994 Independent 18 Apr.18 Brushing up their skills at an Academy of Hair; Jeremy Ettinghausen visits a school where the first lesson is: ‘Think twice, cut

once’. 1996 Bookseller 19 Jan. 27 As they say in carpentry—think twice; cut once! caution think see also EVIL to him who evil thinks; GREAT minds think alike; whatMANCHESTER says today, the rest of England says tomorrow. thinketh see the FAT man knoweth not what the lean thinketh. THIRD time lucky c 1840 R. BROWNING Letter (1933) 5 ‘The luck of the third adventure’ is proverbial. 1862 A. HISLOP Proverbs of Scotland 194 The third time’s lucky. 1882 R. L. STEVENSON New Arabian Nights II. 59 ‘The next time we come to blows—’ ‘Will make the third,’ I interrupted. .. ‘Ay, true. .. Well, the third time’s lucky.’ 1942 N. MARSH Death & Dancing Footman vii. It was a glancing blow. .. It might have been my head. .. One of them’s saying to himself: ‘Third time lucky.’ 1993 ‘C. AIRD’ ‘Slight of Hand’ in Injury Time (1995) 62 ‘And after the second time,’ murmured the Commander into his drink, ‘he said he hoped it would be a case of third time lucky.’ luck; superstition The THIRD time pays for all 1574 J. HIGGINS Mirror for Magistrates (1946) 93 The third payes home, this prouerbe is to true. 1599 Warning for Fair Women E3 The third time payes for all. 1855 GASKELL North & South I. xvii. ‘This is th’ third strike I’ve seen,’ said she.. ‘Well, third time pays for all.’ 1922 Punch 20 Dec. 594 Mrs. Ellison has already been twice married. The third time pays for all, so they say. 1978 S. KING Stand III. liv. If I could have brought myself to jump once.. I might not be here. Well, last time pays for all. perseverance; superstition third see also while TWO dogs are fighting for a bone, a third runs away with it. Thomas see on SAINT Thomas the Divine kill all turkeys, geese, and swine. thorn see beware of an OAK, it draws the stroke; he who PLANTS thorns should notexpect to gather roses; no ROSE without a thorn; do not grieve that ROSE-TREES havethorns...

THOUGHT is free c 1390 GOWER Confessio Amantis V. 4485 I have herd seid that thoght is fre. 1601 SHAKESPEARE Twelfth Night I. iii. 64 Fair lady, do you think you have fools in hand?— Now, sir, thought is free. 1874 G. MACDONALD Malcolm II. xvii. ‘How do you come to think of such things?’ ‘Thought’s free, my lord.’ opinions thought see also FIRST thoughts are best; SECOND thoughts are best; the WISH is fatherto the thought. thousand see one PICTURE is worth ten thousand words. THREATENED men live long Cf. early 14th-cent. Fr. le[s] menaciez encore vivent, threatened men live long. 1534 LADY E. WHEATHELL in M. St. C. Byrne Lisle Letters II. ii. Ther es a nolde sayeng thretend men lyue long. c 1555 in H. L. Collman Ballads of Elizabethan Period (1912) 69 It is a true prouerbe: the threatned man lyues long. 1607 T. HEYWOOD Fair Maid of Exchange II. 68 Threatened men live long. 1655 T. FULLER Church Hist. Britain VIII. iii. Gardiner.. vowed.. to stop the sending of all supplies unto them. .. But threatned folke live long. 1865 G. W. THORNBURY Haunted London ii. Temple Bar was doomed to destruction by the City as early as 1790. .. ‘Threatened men live long.’.. Temple Bar still stands. 1930 A. CHRISTIE Murder at Vicarage iv. Archer.. is vowing vengeance against me, I hear. Impudent scoundrel. Threatened men live long, as the saying goes. 1980 L. EGAN Hunters & Hunted i. The threat was an old one; and, the proverb ran, threatened men live long. mortality; peril THREE may keep a secret, if two of them are dead 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. V. G4 V We twayne are one to many (quoth I) for men saie, Three maie keepe a counsell, if two be awaie. c 1595 SHAKESPEARE Romeo & Juliet II. iv. 190 Is your man secret? Did you ne’er hear say Two may keep counsel, putting one away? 1735 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (July) Three may keep a secret, if two of them are dead. 1979 D. CLARK Heberden’s Seat ii. Two of everything.. two bodies, two causes of death. .. What was it? ‘Three may

keep a secret, if two of them are dead.’ 2007 Times 14 Aug. 9 With their motto of ‘Three can keep a secret if two are dead’, initiation into the group [Hell’s Angels] ensures an intense loyalty. concealment; discretion THREE removals are as bad as a fire 1758 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (Preface) I never saw an oft removed Tree, Nor yet an oft removed Family, That throve so well, as those that settled be. And again, Three Removes are as bad as a Fire. 1839 DICKENS Letter 14 Nov. (1965) 1.602 Did you ever ‘move’?.. There is an old proverb that three removes are as bad as a fire. 1931 E. PEARSON in Liberty 5 Sept. 28 Mr. Small’s historians have traced at least six removals from place to place after he left his native Portland, and by reckoning ‘three moves as bad as a fire’.. you may estimate the extent of his misfortune. 1999 Washington Post 17 Sept. E12 In terms of general disruption, it’s been said that two moves equal one fire. But unlike fires, moves can be planned and budgeted. change THREE things are not to be trusted: a cow’s horn, a dog’s tooth, and a horse’s hoof Cf. 13th-cent. Fr. dent de chael, pé de cheval, cul d’enfant ne sunt pas a crere, a dog’stooth, a horse’s hoof, and a baby’s bottom are not to be trusted. c 1383 JOHN OF FORDUN Scotichronicon (1759) II. XIV. xxxii. Till horsis fote thou never traist, Till hondis tooth, no womans faith. 1585 S. ROBSON Choice of Change K 2 Trust not 3 things. Dogs teeth. Horses feete. Womens Protestations. 1910 P. W. JOYCE English as We speak it in Ireland 110 Three things are not to be trusted—a cow’s horn, a dog’s tooth and a horse’s hoof. 1948 T. H. WHITE Elephant & Kangaroo xiii. He was.. beginning to worry about being employed by a venomous Englishman. ‘Four things not to trust,’ said the Cashelmor proverb: ‘a dog’s tooth, a horse’s hoof, a cow’s horn, and an Englishman’s laugh.’ caution; trust and scepticism three see also BAD things come in threes; two BOYS are half a boy, and three boys are noboy at all; from CLOGS to clogs is only three generations; feed a DOG for three days and hewill remember your kindness for three years.. ; one ENGLISHMAN can beat three Frenchmen;FISH and guests smell after three days; it takes three GENERATIONS to make a gentleman;from SHIRTSLEEVES to shirtsleeves in three generations; TWO is company, but three isnone THRIFT is a great revenue

Cf. CICERO Paradox 49 non intellegunt homines quam magnum vectigal sit parsimonia,men do not realize how great a revenue thrift is. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (French) 15 Parsimony is the best revenue. 1855 H. G. BOHN Hand-Book of Proverbs 530 Thrift is a good revenue. 1930 Times 10 Oct. 13 Thrift.. is not only a great virtue but also ‘a great revenue’. thrift He that will THRIVE must first ask his wife a 1500 in R. L. Greene Early English Carols (1935 276 Hym that cast hym for to thryve, he must ask leve of his wyff. c1549 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. xi. B8V He that will thryue, must aske leaue of his wyfe. a 1790 B. FRANKLIN Autobiography (1905) I. 324 He that would thrive, must ask his wife. It was lucky for me that I had one as much dispos’d to industry and frugality as myself. 1875 S. SMILES Thrift viii. There is an old English proverb which says, ‘He that would thrive must first ask his wife.’ wives and husbands thrive see also ILL gotten goods never thrive; if you want to LIVE and thrive, let thespider run alive. Don’t THROW out your dirty water until you get in fresh c 1475 in Modern Philology (1940) XXXVIII. 121 He ys a fole that castith a-way his olde water or he have new. 1623 W. PAINTER Palace of Pleasure C4V The wise prouerbe wish all men to saue Their foule water vntill they fayrer haue. 1710 S. PALMER Proverbs 89 Don’t throw away Dirty Water till you have got Clean. .. The Man being possess’d with Avarice, throws away a Certain Benefit upon uncertain .. Expectations. 1842 S. LOVER Handy Andy xxix. ‘I’ll change my clothes.’.. ‘You had better wait. .. You know the old saying, “Don’t throw out your dirty wather until you get in fresh.”’ 1911 G. B. SHAW Fanny’s First Play III. 208 Dont you throw out dirty water til you get in fresh. Dont get too big for your boots. 1986 M. SLUNG More Momilies 67 Don’t throw out dirty water until you have clean. innovation Don’t THROW the baby out with the bathwater The proverb is often used allusively, especially in the metaphorical phrase to throw (orempty) out the baby with the bathwater. Known in German from at least as early as the start ofthe sixteenth century; cf. 1610 J. KEPLER Tertius Interveniens (sub-heading) Das ist

Warnung.. das sie.. nicht das Kindt mit dem Badt ausschütten, this is a caution.. lest you throwout the baby with the bath. 1853 CARLYLE Nigger Question (ed. 2) 29 The Germans say, ‘You must empty out the bathing-tub, but not the baby along with it.’.. How to abolish the abuses of slavery, and save the precious thing in it: also, I do not pretend that this is easy. 1911 G. B. SHAW Getting Married (Preface) 186 We shall in a very literal sense empty the baby out with the bath by abolishing an institution [marriage] which needs nothing more than a little.. rationalizing to make it.. useful. 1979 J. P. YOUNG Art of Learning to Manage 91 Do be careful that you don’t throw the baby out with the bath water, and find yourself with too many people who lack experience. 2002 Times 9 Apr. 22 So let reform and trimming continue; but don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater. prudence throw see also throw DIRT enough, and some will stick; those who live in GLASS housesshouldn’t throw stones; do not throw PEARLS to swine. Thursday see Monday’s CHILD is fair of face. thyself see KNOW thyself; PHYSICIAN, heal thyself. thysen (yourself): see HEAR all, see all, say nowt. tide see a RISING tide lifts all boats; TIME and tide wait for no man. tie see when SPIDER webs unite, they can tie up a lion; TRUST in God but tie your camel. tiger see BETTER to live one day as a tiger.. ; the BLEATING of the kid excites the tiger;he who RIDES a tiger is afraid to dismount. There is a TIME and place for everything An expanded version of there is a TIME for everything. 1509 A. BARCLAY Ship of Fools 94 Remember: there is tyme and place for euery thynge. 1862 G. BORROW Wild Wales II. x. There is a time and place for everything, and sometimes the warmest admirer of ale would prefer the lymph of the hill-side fountain to

the choicest ale. 1986 ‘C. AIRD’ Dead Liberty iv. A memory from A Midsummer Night’s Dream to do with Snout serving the office of a wall welled up in Sloan’s mind, but he suppressed it instantly. There was a time and a place for everything. opportunity; orderliness; timeTIME and tide wait for no man c 1390 CHAUCER Clerk’s Tale 1.118 For thogh we slepe or wake, or rome, or ryde, Ay fleeth the tyme; it nil no [will no] man abyde. a 1520 Everyman (1961) 1.143 The Tyde abydeth no man. 1592 R. GREENE Disputation between He Cony-catcher & She Cony-catcher X. 241 Tyde nor time tarrieth no man. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 233 Time and tide tary on no man. 1767 ‘A. BARTON’ Disappointment II. i. Let’s step into the state-room, and turn in: Time and tide waits for no one. 1822 SCOTT Nigel III. ii. Come, come, master, let us get afloat. .. Time and tide wait for no man. 2002 Washington Post 10 Mar. SC11 (Family Circus comic strip) Time and tide wait for no man. ‘And a school bus waits for no boy.’ opportunity; timeTIME fliesCf. L. tempus fugit, time flies. c 1390 CHAUCER Clerk’s Tale 1. 118 For though we slepe or wake, or rome, or ryde, Ay fleeth the tyme. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 308 Time flyeth away without delay. 1776 J. W. FLETCHER Letter 21 Mar. in Works (1803) IX. 197 Time flies! Years of plenty.. disappear before the eternity to which we are all hastening. 2002 Washington Post 29 Mar. C9 (Classic Peanuts comic strip)’Quick, Marcie, I need the answer to the third question!’ ‘There is no third question, sir.. we did that test last week. ..’’Time flies when you’re having fun.’ timeThere is a TIME for everythingWith allusion to ECCLESIASTES iii. 1 (AV) To every thing there is a season. c 1390 CHAUCER Clerk’s Prologue 1. 6 But Salomon seith ‘every thyng hath tyme’. 1540 CRANMER Bible (Prologue) +3 Ther is tyme for euery thynge. 1590 SHAKESPEARE Comedy of Errors II. ii. 63 Well, sir, learn to jest in good time; there’s time for all things. 1818 J. AUSTEN Northanger Abbey xxx. Your head runs too much upon Bath; but there is a time for every thing—a time for balls.. and a time for work.

1980 ‘M. INNES’ Going It Alone I. x. There is a time for everything, and he hoped that,in the present exigency, Tim wasn’t going to be.. frivolous. opportunity; timeTIME is a great healer There are numerous expressions derived from the ancient concept that time heals, severalof which are illustrated here. Predominantly used in the context of feelings and emotionsrather than physical suffering. Cf. MENANDER Fragments dclxxvii. (Kock) time is the healer of all necessary evils. c 1385 CHAUCER Troilus & Criseyde v. 350 As tyme hem [them] hurt, a tyme dothhem cure. 1591 J. HARINGTON tr. Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso VI. ii. He hurt the woundwhich time perhaps had healed, weening [thinking] with greater sinne the lesse to mend.1622 H. PEACHAM Complete Gentleman iv. Time, the Phisition of all. 1837 DISRAELIHenrietta Temple III. VI. ix. Time is the great physician. 1926 G. B. SHAW Translations& Tomfooleries 60 Time is the great healer. 1942 A. CHRISTIE Body in Library viii. Hehad a terrible shock and loss. .. But Time, as my dear mother used to say, is a greathealer. 2001 Washington Times 23 Sept. C17 Time is the greatest of healers, and duringthe next few weeks, sports again will provide us with a much-needed respite from oureveryday worries. timeTIME is money Gr. the most costly outlay is time (attributed toAntiphon). 1572 T. WILSON Discourse upon Usury 33 They saye tyme is precious. 1748 B.FRANKLIN Papers (1961) III. 306 Remember that Time is Money. He that can earn TenShillings a Day.. and.. sits idle one half of that Day.. has really.. thrown away FiveShillings. 1840 BULWER-LYTTON Money III. vi. ‘You don’t come often to the club,Stout?’.. ‘No, time is money.’ 1980 H. R. F. KEATING Murder of Maharajah xv. I can’twait here day after day. .. Time’s money, you know. 2002 Washington Times 2 Feb. AllWhen a quarterback is chosen as the Most Valuable Player in the National FootballLeague for the second time in three years, time is money. He can rake in big bucks forappearing in ads, and he can also do his bit for charity by appearing in a United Waycommercial. efficiency and inefficiency; timeMan fears TIME, but time fears the pyramids

Arab proverb. The ‘learned Arab of the twelfth century’ (quot. 1923). has not beenidentified. 1876 E. RECLUS et al. Earth and Its Inhabitants 401 ‘All things fear time,’ says theArab proverb, ‘but time fears the pyramids. 1923 G. CAROTTI History of Art 9 It was alearned Arab of the twelfth century who said: ‘The whole world fears time, but time fearsthe Pyramids.’ 1926 A. F. TOULBA Ceylon, Land of Eternal Charm 228 Here also, as inmy own country, can we aptly apply the familiar saying ‘Man fears Time, but Time fearsthe Pyramids.’ 1983 Times 19 Feb. (online) Khufu, first Pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty..built a tomb that should remain for all time. It is written that ‘Man fears Time, but Timefears the Pyramids.’ 2006 Register (www.theregister.co.uk) 26 Dec. The Great Pyramid ofGiza is the sole survivor of the Seven Wonders of the World. An Arab proverb says that:‘Man fears time, yet time fears the Pyramids’, a reference to the fact that the pyramid hassurvived for about 4,500 years. timeNo TIME like the present 1562 G. LEGH Accidence of Armoury 225V Mary [to be sure] sir no time better then euen now. 1696 M. MANLEY Lost Lover IV. i. No time like the present. 1888 M. OLIPHANT Second Son I. iv. ‘If you were a-passing this way, sir, some time in the morning—.’ ‘There’s no time like the present,’ answered Roger. 2000 ‘G. WILLIAMS’ Dr. Mortimer and Aldgate Mystery (2001) i. 7 ‘.. I was thinking in terms of an immediate start..’ ‘Oh, capital!’ the doctor exclaimed. .. ‘No time like the present, hey?’ opportunity; timeTIME will tell Cf. MENANDER Monosticha 11 H time brings thetruth to light. 1539 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages 37 Tempus omnia reuelat. Tymediscloseth all thynges. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 205 Time reuealeth all things. 1771 C.STUART Letter 15 Apr. in Publications of Mississippi Hist. Society (1925) V. 50 Timeonly will shew how far those Informations have been well founded. 1863 C. READE HardCash I. vi. I will answer.. that she will speak as distinctly to music as you do inconversation—Time will show, madam. 1913 E. H. PORTER Pollyanna xxiii. The doctorhad looked very grave.. and had said that time alone could tell. 1929 ‘J. J. CONNING-TON’ Eye in Museum xiv. ‘I’m not.. bringing any charge.’..’Oh.. a bright idea, perhaps.Or perhaps not so bright.’ ‘Time will tell,’ the Superintendent retorted. 2002 New

Scientist 30 Mar. 7 ‘But if you look at the general principles, it’s a wonderful system,’ says Richard Mulligan.. ‘Time will tell.’ future; time TIME works wonders 1588 A. MARTEN Exhortation to defend Country F2 You..thinke that time will worke wonders, though you your selves follow your owne pleasures. 1815 BYRON Letter 7 Jan. (1975) IV. 252 Time does wonders. 1845 D. W. JERROLD (title) Time works wonders. 1872 G. J. WHYTE-MELVILLE Satanella II. xxiv. ‘I want you to like me.’.. ‘They say time works wonders.. and I feel I shall.’ 1982 R. DAVIES Rebel Angels 4 But there was time, and I was to be in his outer room, constantly under his eye. Time works wonders. time time see also there is always a FIRST time; NEVER is a long time; OTHER times, othermanners; PARSLEY seed goes nine times to the Devil; PROCRASTINATION is the thief oftime; one STEP at a time; a STITCH in time saves nine; THIRD time lucky; the THIRD timepays for all; WORK expands so as to fill the time available. TIMES change and we with time Cf. L. omnia (also tempora) mutantur nos et mutamur in illis, all things (also times) arechanging and we with them (attributed to Lothar I, Holy Roman Emperor 840–55). 1578 LYLY Euphues I. 276 The tymes are chaunged as Ouid sayeth, and wee are chaunged in the times. 1666 G. TORRIANO Italian Proverbs 281 Times change, and we with them. .. The Latin says the same, Tempora mutantur, et nos mutamur in illis. 1943 C. MILBURN Diary 21 Feb. (1979) 168 In English cities the Red Flag has been flown. .. Times change indeed, and we with time. 1981 J. BINGHAM Brock 31 Times were changing and Melford with them. circumstances; innovation times see FALL down seven times, get up eight; MEASURE seven times, cut once;OTHER times, other manners; PARSLEY seed goes nine times to the Devil. tinker see if IFS and ands were pots and pans, there’d be no work for tinkers’ hands. TODAY you; tomorrow me

Cf. L. hodie mihi, cras tibi, today it is my turn, tomorrow yours. a 1250 Ancrene Wisse (1962) 143 Ille hodie, ego cras. He to dei, and ich to marhen [he today, and I tomorrow]. 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote II. lxv. To day for thee, and to-morrow for me. 1855 C. KINGSLEY Westward Ho! II. i. To-day to thee, to-morrow to me. 1906 A. CONAN DOYLE Sir Nigel xv. ‘It is the custom of the Narrow Seas,’ said they: ‘To-day for them; to-morrow for us.’ 1929 A. W. WHEEN tr. E. M. Remarque’s All Quiet on Western Front ix. ‘Comrade,’ I say to the dead man, but I say it calmly, ‘To-day you, to-morrow me.’ future today see also JAM tomorrow and jam yesterday, but never jam today; whatMANCHESTER says today, the rest of England says tomorrow; never PUT off till tomorrowwhat you can do today. told see one STORY is good till another is told. Tom see MORE people know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows. TOMORROW is another day c 1527 J. RASTELL Calisto & Melebea C1V Well mother to morrow is a new day. 1603 J. FLORIO tr. Montaigne’s Essays II. iv. A letter.. beeing delivered him.. at supper, he deferred the opening of it, pronouncing this by-word. To morrow is a new day. 1824 SCOTT St. Ronan’s Well III. vii. We will say no more of it at present. .. To-morrow is a new day. 1927 P. GREEN Field God I. 148 Go to it, you Mag and Lonie! To-morrow’s another day, and you’ll need all you can hold. 2001 K. HALL PAGE Body in Moonlight vii. 127 ‘Maybe tomorrow,’ Faith said, trying to turn the corners of her mouth up. ‘Tomorrow’s another day.’ future TOMORROW never comes 1523 LD. BERNERS Froissart (1901) II. 309 It was sayde every day among them, we shall fight tomorowe, the whiche day came never. 1602 J. CHAMBERLAIN Letter 8 May (1939) I. 142 Tomorrow comes not yet. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 343 Tomorrow come never. 1756 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (July) To- morrow, every Fault is to be amended; but that To-morrow never comes. 1889 GISSING Nether World III. ix. ‘It’s probably as well for you that to-morrow never comes.’ ‘Now just see how things turn out!’ went on the other. 2001 Washington Post 27 Mar. C11 (Jeff

MacNelly’s Shoe comic strip) ‘They say tomorrow never comes.’ ‘I sure hope so. That’s when I have a math test.’ future; procrastination tomorrow see also EAT, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die; JAM tomorrow andjam yesterday, but never jam today; what MANCHESTER says today, the rest of England saystomorrow; never PUT off till tomorrow what you can do today; TODAY you, tomorrow me. The TONGUE always returns to the sore tooth 1586 G. PETTIE tr. S. Guazzo’s Civil Conversation (1925) II. 201 The tongue rolles there where the tooth aketh. 1659 J. HOWELL Proverbs (Spanish) 27 There the tongue goes where the tooth akes. 1746 B. FRANKLIN Poor Richard’s Almanack (July) The Tongue is ever turning to the aching tooth. 1817 J. K. PAULDING Letters from South II. 167 The tongue touches where the tooth aches, as the saying goes; the English of which is that people are apt to talk of what annoys them most at the moment. 1949 W. KRASNER Walk Dark Streets ii. He would stop.. to find the flaws in his case were standing over him, implacable, like the certainty of guilt. The tongue always returned to the sore tooth. 1985 K. S. ROBINSON in G. Dozois Isaac Asimov’s Mars (1991) 155 In the same way that a tongue will go to a sore tooth over and over, Roger finds himself following Hans and Arthus to hear the areologist’s explanation. persistence tongue see also the DEVIL makes his Christmas pies of lawyers’ tongues and clerks’fingers; a STILL tongue makes a wise head; with a SWEET tongue and kindness, you can dragan elephant by a hair. TOO many cooks spoil the broth 1575 ? J. HOOKER Life of Carew (1857) 33 There is the proverb, the more cooks the worse potage. 1662 B. GERBIER Principles of Building 24 When.. an undertaking hath been committed to many, it caused but confusion, and therefore it is a saying..Too many Cooks spoils the Broth. c 1805 J. AUSTEN Watsons (1972) VI. 318 She professes to keep her own counsel. .. ‘Too many Cooks spoil the Broth.’ 1855 C. KINGSLEY Westward Ho! II. vii. As Amyas sagely remarked, ‘Too many cooks spoil the broth, and half-a- dozen gentlemen aboard one ship are as bad as two kings of Brentford.’ 1979 Guardian 7 Nov. 6 It was a great mistake to think that administration was improved by taking on more administrators. .. ‘Too many cooks spoil the broth.’ 1997 Times 8 Aug. 25 Too many cooks spoil the broth and at Apple there is now the equivalent of Marco Pierre White, Anton Mosimann and Nico Ladenis. assistance; busybodies; work

You can have TOO much of good thing 1483 B. BURGH Cato in Archiv (1905) CXV. 313 To much is nouht of any maner thyng [too much of anything is nothing]. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs II. iv. G4V Well (quoth I) to muche of one thyng is not good, Leaue of this. 1611 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English s.v. Manger, A man may take too much of a good thing. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation i. 77 Fie, Miss! you said that once before; and, you know, Too much of one Thing is good for nothing. 1906 CHESTERTON Charles Dickens iv. We believe that you can have too much of a good thing—a blasphemous belief, which at one blow wrecks all the heavens that men have hoped for. 1985 Washington Post 2 Mar. A18 A more modestly sized delegation.. might have spared Congress a certain ridicule. Mae West once said it was possible to have too much of a good thing and it was wonderful. 1995 Washington Times 25 Apr. A17 Modern liberals feel that a more tolerant society is good thing, and they are right. Yet, it is possible to have too much of a good thing. excess; good things tool see a BAD workman blames his tools. tooth see the TONGUE always returns to the sore tooth. top see there is always ROOM at the top. touch see if you gently touch a NETTLE it’ll sting you for your pains. He that TOUCHES pitch shall be defiled Cf . APOCRYPHA Ecclesiasticus xiii. 1 (AV) He that toucheth pitch, shall be defiledtherewith. 1303 R. BRUNNE Handlyng Synne (EETS) 1. 6578 Who-so handlyth pycche wellyng hote, He shalhaue fylthe therof sumdeyl [in some degree]. 1578 LYLY Euphues 1.250 He that toucheth pitche shall be defiled. 1710 S. PALMER Proverbs 249 Touch Pitch and you’ll be Defil’d. .. There is Danger every Way in Ill Company. 1886 H. CONWAY Living or Dead II. ix. The next two months of my life.. made me take a lower and more debased view of the world. .. I was touching pitch, yet striving to keep myself from being defiled. 1979 Listener 13 Sept. 345 The makers of the series believe that those who meddle with pitch may be defiled. associates; example, good and bad

tough see when the GOING gets tough, the tough get going. town see GOD made the country, and man made the town. TRADE follows the flag 1870 J. A. FROUDE in Fraser’s Magazine Jan. 4 The removal of a million poor creatures to Canada and the establishment of them there.. would probably have turned out.. a profitable investment. Trade follows the flag. 1945 R. HARGREAVES Enemy at Gate 152 There is a glib saying..that ‘trade follows the flag’; an apophthegm that succeeds in putting the cart before the horse with greater aplomb than almost any other cant phrase in common use. 1979 in C. Allen Tales from Dark Continent i. There is a famous old quotation that ‘Trade follows the Flag’ but.. in West Africa.. the reverse was true. business trade see also EVERY man to his trade; JACK of all trades and master of none; there areTRICKS in every trade; TWO of a trade never agree. transplant see you cannot SHIFT an old tree without it dying. TRAVEL broadens the mind 1911 ‘SAKI’ ‘Way to Dairy’ in Chronicles of Clovis (Short Stories of Saki, 1958) 195 ‘Travel enlarges the mind, my dear Christine,’ said her aunt. ‘Yes, dear aunt, travel undertaken in the right spirit,’ agreed Christine; ‘but travel pursued merely as a means towards gambling and extravagant living is more likely to contract the purse than to enlarge the mind.’ 1929 G. K. CHESTERTON Poet & Lunatics iii. He may be a trifle cracked,.. but that’s only because his travels have been too much for his intellect. They say travel broadens the mind; but you must have the mind. 1949 N. STREATFEILD Painted Garden iii. Foreign travel broadens the mind..and a broadened mind helps all art. 1969 ‘E. LATHEN’ When in Greece xvii. ‘The Americans we have met compare very favorably with most other nationals.’ Travel, after all, can broaden only so many minds. 1981 C. KING Commonplace Book 22 It has so truly been said that travel—anywhere— broadens the mind. 1997 Times 24 Dec. 14 The past may be a foreign country through which we travel as strangers. But travel still broadens the mind. experience; travel travel (verb) see BAD news travels fast; it is BETTER to travel hopefully than to arrive.

He TRAVELS fastest who travels alone Cf. 1854 H. D. THOREAU Walden 78 The man who goes alone can start today; but he whotravels with another must wait till that other is ready. 1888 R. KIPLING Story of Gadsby (1889) 94 Down to Gehenna, or up to the Throne, He travels fastest who travels alone. 1921 E. WAUGH Journal 19 June in Diaries (1979) 129 Hale’s gone already. I suppose he will have to. ‘He travels fastest who travels alone’ anyway. 1989 F. KING Reflections in Jaundiced Eye iv. The reason I can ‘do what I do’ is because I’ve never married. He travels fastest who travels alone, and that goes double for she. efficiency and ineffiency; independence; travel tread see FOOLS rush in where angels fear to tread. As a TREE falls, so shall it lie One must not change long-established beliefs, etc., in the face of death. With allusion toECCLESIASTES xi. 3 (AV) If the tree fall toward the South, or toward the North, in the placewhere the tree falleth, there it shall be. 1549 H. LATIMER Seven SermonsIV. M3V Wheresoeuer the tre falleth.. there it shall reste. 1578 LYLY Euphues I. 308 Where the tree falleth there it lyeth.. and every ones deathes daye is his domes day. 1678 J. RAY English Proverbs (ed. 2) 296 As a man lives so shall he die, As a tree falls so shall it lie. 1836 M. SCOTT Cruise of Midge II. ii. It is of no use. .. As the tree falls, so must it lie—it is a part of my creed. 1937 ‘F. HEDLEY’ Cavalier of Crime x. 130 ‘No use trying to account for the vagaries of fate, is it, Inspector? Where the tree falleth, there shall it lie.’ death; fate and fatalism The TREE is known by its fruit With allusion to MATTHEW xii. 33 (AV) The tree is known by his fruit. 1528 W. TYNDALE Obedience of Christian Man 88V Judge the tre by his frute, and not by his leves. 1597–8 SHAKESPEARE Henry IV, Pt. 1 II. iv. 414 If then the tree may be known by the fruit.. there is virtue in that Falstaff. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 11 A tree is known by the fruit, and not by the leaves. 1896 J. A. FROUDE Council of Trent iv. Lutherans said the tree is known by its fruit. Teach a pure faith, and abuses will

disappear. 1928 D. H. LAWRENCE Lady Chatterley’s Lover iv. The mental life.. [is] rooted in spite and envy. .. Ye shall know the tree by its fruit. 1955 S. N. GHOSE Flame of Forest I. 15 ‘I never judge a man by his mask.’ ‘A tree should be judged by its fruits,’ Myna responded. appearance; human nature tree see also the APPLE never falls far from the tree; he that would EAT the fruit mustclimb the tree; when the LAST tree is cut down,.. you will realize that you cannot eat money;you cannot SHIFT an old tree without it dying; as the TWIG is bent, so is the tree inclined;WALNUTS and pears you plant for your heirs; a WOMAN, a dog, and a walnut tree, the moreyou beat them the better they be. trick see you can’t TEACH an old dog new tricks. There are TRICKS in every trade 1632 M. PARKER (title) Knavery in all Trades. 1654 Mercurius Fumigosus 12–19 July 49 If there be not Knavery in All Trades, I shrewdly am mistaken. 1692 R. L’ESTRANGE Fables of Aesop clxxxiii. Jupiter appointed Mercury to make him a Composition of Fraud and Hypocrisie, and to give Every Artificer his Dose on’t. .. Mercury.. gave the Taylors the Whole Quantity that was Left; and from hence comes the Old Saying, There’s Knavery in All Trades, but Most in Taylors. 1857 E. BENNETT Border Rover vi. ‘I would be willing to swear you had bewitched this rifle.’.. ‘Thar’s tricks to all trades ‘cept ourn.’ 1978 L. BLOCK Burglar in Closet xvii. You age them [bills, paper money].. by cooking them with a little coffee—well, there are tricks in every trade—and I don’t.. know some of the ones the counterfeiters have come up with. 1987 S. STEWART Lifting the Latch 87 ‘Theer’s a trick in every trade,’ he was fond of saying, ‘bar besom[broom]-making, and the biggest stick goes in the middle theer.’ business; trades and skills A TROUBLE shared is a trouble halved 1931 D. L. SAYERS Five Red Herrings ix. ‘Unbosom yourself,’ said Wimsey. ‘Trouble shared is trouble halved.’ 1966 A. CARTER Shadow Dance viii. He found he wanted to share the experience of the previous night with Edna (a trouble shared is a trouble halved). 1987 C. GRAHAM Killings at Badger’s Drift 7 She had never felt more keenly the truth of the saying ‘a trouble shared is a trouble halved’. But she had lived in a small village long enough to know that what she had discovered could safely be discussed with no one. 2002 Times 18 Mar. 12 Thorpe’s estranged wife,.. acting under the principle of a problem shared is a problem halved, wanted ‘the truth to come out’. trouble

Never TROUBLE trouble till trouble troubles you 1884 Folk-Lore Journal II. 280 Never trouble trouble, till trouble troubles you. 1945 ‘D. B. OLSEN’ Cats don’t Smile i. Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. I always wondered: what then? 1983 Good Housekeeping Oct. 75 Talking of proverbs, there is an old Yorkshire saying: never trouble trouble, till trouble troubles thee. To which I would add the rider: and when it does trouble thee, keep it to thyself. 2002 Spectator 20 July 31 He was a master of procrastination or of misunderstanding what he had been told to do. ‘Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you’: that was Junor’s maxim where Beaverbrook was concerned. trouble trouble (noun) see also do not MEET troubles halfway; NEEDLES and pins,.. when a manmarries, his trouble begins. Many a TRUE word is spoken in jest c 1390 CHAUCER Monk’s Prologue 1. 1964 Be nat wrooth, my lord, though that I pleye. Ful ofte in game a sooth [truth] I have herd seye! a 1628 J. CARMICHAELL Proverbs in Scots no. 1099 Manie suith word said in bourding [jesting]. c 1665 in Roxburghe Ballads (1890) VII. 366 Many a true word hath been spoke in jest. 1738 SWIFT Polite Conversation I. iii. ‘I did a very foolish thing yesterday.’.. ‘They say, many a true Word’s spoken in Jest.’ 1898 G. B. SHAW Widower’s Houses I. in Plays Pleasant & Unpleasant I. 10 There actually are Johannis churches here.. as well as Apollinaris ones. ..There is many a true word spoken in jest. 1979 D. LESSING Shikasta 356 By the time we have finished I expect we shall have a dozen or more [children]. .. Many a true word is spoken in jest. truth true see also the COURSE of true love never did run smooth; what EVERYBODY saysmust be true; MORNING dreams come true; what is NEW cannot be true; if it SOUNDS toogood to be true, it probably is. TRUST in God but tie your camel Arab proverb. The origin is an anecdote about the Prophet Muhammad: ‘one ofMuhammad’s followers came to him, and said,’ “O prophet of God, I shall turn my camelloose tonight, and trust it to providence”; but Muhammad very wisely answered, “Tie yourcamel up as securely as you can, and then trust it to providence” ‘(C. H. Spurgeon Spurgeon’sSermons on Christmas and Easter (1995) 77).

1920 M. PICKTHALL Islam and Progress 28 Trust in God but tie your camel. 1953Religions: Journal of Transactions of Society for Promoting Study of Religions 28According to the homely Arab proverb, ‘Trust in God but tie your camel.’ 2000 B.MCCORMACK Tokyo Notes and Anecdotes 14 Even in Japan, I’ve learned to adhere tothe wise Islamic adage: ‘trust in Allah but tie your camel.’ 2004 W. HUTTON & J.EAGLE Earth’s Catastrophic Past and Future 18 The.. eruption of Krakatau was heard asa low rumble thousands of miles away. If we hear such a rumble, should we not drive asquickly as possible to grocery and drug stores to load up on necessities? As the sayinggoes, ‘Trust in God, but tie your camel first.’ providence; self-helpPut your TRUST in God, and keep your powder dry Advice attributed to Oliver Cromwell (see quot. 1834), combining spiritual exhortationwith the practical measure of making sure that one’s gunpowder is kept serviceable. Thesecond half of the saying is often used allusively in the phrase to keep one’s powder dry. 1834 COLONEL BLACKER Oliver’s Advice in E. Hayes Ballads of Ireland (1856) I.192 Put your trust in God, my boys, and keep your powder dry. 1856 E. HAYES Balladsof Ireland (ed. 2) I. 191 Cromwell.. when his troops were about crossing a river..concluded an address.. with these words—’put your trust in God; but mind to keep yourpowder dry.’ 1908 Times Literary Supplement 6 Nov. 383 In thus keeping his powder drythe bishop acted most wisely, though he himself ascribes the happy result entirely to theobservance of the other half of Cromwell’s maxim. 1979 V. CANNING Satan Sampler iv.God.. created us for a better end. .. We must put our trust in Him and keep our powderdry. prudence; self-helpThere is TRUTH in wineCf. Gr. there is truth in wine (attributed to the 6th-cent. BC lyric poetAlcaeus); L. in vino veritas. The Latin version, used in Erasmus’ Adages, is widely known andperhaps more frequently used than the English proverb. 1545 R. TAVERNER tr. Erasmus’ Adages (ed. 2) H5V In wyne is trouthe. 1659 T.PECKE Parnassi Puerperium 5 Grant but the Adage true, that Truth’s in wine. 1869TROLLOPE He knew He was Right II. li. There is no saying truer than that.. there is truthin wine. Wine.. has the merit of forcing a man to show his true colours. 1934 R. GRAVESClaudius the God ix. The man who made the proverb ‘There’s truth in wine’ must havebeen pretty well soaked when he made it. 2002 P. LOVESEY Diamond Dust xi. 87 He wastrying to decide if the man was capable of coherent answers. In vino veritas is a maxim

reliable only up to a certain intake of the vino. drunkenness; truth TRUTH is the first casualty of war The originator of this saying is sometimes said to be Hiram Johnson, addressing the USSenate in 1918, but it does not occur in the record of the relevant speech. 1928 A. PONSONBY Falsehood in Wartime (epigraph) When war is declared, Truth is the first casualty. 1975 P. KNIGHTLEY (title) The First Casualty: the war correspondent as hero, propagandist, and myth maker from the Crimea to Vietnam 1992 English Today Jan. 48/1 In war, the first casualty is language. .. It was the ‘pacification’ of Gaul by Julius Caesar, not the brutal and bloody subjugation of Gaul. 1998 Independent 12 June I. 29/1 If truth is the first casualty of war then words are the first to be crocked in the World Cup. 2002 Consumer Reports Feb. 62 We’ve all heard that truth is the first casualty of war. Still, it was surprising how fast the victim expired after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11. By the 12th, Internet watchdogs were already warning against online frauds. truth; warfare TRUTH is stranger than fiction Similar to FACT is stranger than fiction. 1823 BYRON Don Juan XIV. ci. Truth is always strange, Stranger than Fiction. 1863 C. READE Hard Cash II. xv. Sampson was greatly struck with the revelation: he.. said truth was stranger than fiction. 1905 G. K. CHESTERTON Club of Queer Trades 133 ‘Do you believe that truth is stranger than fiction?’ ‘Truth must of necessity be stranger than fiction,’ said Basil placidly. ‘For fiction is the creation of the human mind, and therefore congenial to it.’ 2001 Washington Post 25 June C2 There are times when truth is indeed stranger than fiction, when the teller of true tales can report things that we would dismiss as preposterous inventions should a novelist try to put them over on us. reality and illusion TRUTH lies at the bottom of a wellCf. Gr. we know nothing certainly, for truth lies inthe deep (attributed to Democritus); LACTANTIUS Institutiones Divinae III. xxviii. in puteo..veritatem iacere demersam, truth lies sunk in a well.

1562 J. WIGAND De Neutralibus G6V The truth lyeth yet still drowned in the depe. 1578 H. WOTTON tr. J. Iver’s Courtly Controversy 90 I shall conduct you.. vnto the Mansion where the truth so long hidden dothe inhabite, the which sage Democritus searched in the bottom of a well. a 1721 M. PRIOR Dialogues of Dead (1907) 225 You know the Antient Philosophers said Truth lay at the bottom of a Well. 1887 J. R. LOWELL Democracy 30 Truth.. is said to lie at the bottom of a well. c 1943 J. CORBETT Murder minus Motive xii. Truth.. is reputed to reside at the bottom of a well. I’ve often conned that old saw over to myself, and.. its originators must have meant that truth is often damned hard to discern. 2001 Times 2 31 Oct. 12 Truth may be found at the bottom of the well, but there was no well in London deep enough for that commodity. concealment; truth TRUTH makes the Devil blush Perhaps a variant of TELL the truth and shame the Devil. 1944 ‘A. GILBERT’ Death at Door (1945) viii. 81 Crook caught back a quick exclamation. Truth may make the devil blush but that doesn’t mean the devil doesn’t frequently get the best of it. 1955 H. KEMP Death of Dwarf ix. 82 ‘So I shall not break my rule: never to say a thing about anybody until I’m sure it’s true, and not always then. Truth makes the devil blush. That’s true enough; but if it turns out not to be the truth after all, it only sets him giggling.’ truth TRUTH will out Similar in form to MURDER will out. 1439 LYDGATE Life of St. Alban (1974) 203 Trouthe wil out. .. Ryghtwysnesse may nat ben hid. 1596 SHAKESPEARE Merchant of Venice II. ii. 73 Truth will come to light; murder cannot be hid long; a man’s son may, but in the end truth will out. 1822 M. EDGEWORTH Letter 17 Jan. (1971) 324 Whether about a novel or a murder the truth will out. 2001 Spectator 17 Nov. 35 It has just been announced that the EU is to hold its own public inquiry into the [foot-and-mouth] epidemic, in Strasbourg next year. At last, perhaps, truth will out. concealment; truth truth see also CHILDREN and fools tell the truth; the GREATER the truth, the greater thelibel; HALF the truth is often a whole lie; a LIE is halfway round the world; TELL the truthand shame the Devil.

try see you never KNOW what you can do till you try; if at first you don’t SUCCEED, try,try, try, again. tsar see GOD is high above, and the tsar is far away. Every TUB must stand on its own bottom A proverb advocating independence and initiative. 1564 W. BULLEIN Dialogue against Fever 48V Let euery Fatte [vat] stande vpon his owne bottome. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 66 Every tub must stand on his owne bottome. 1721 C. CIBBER Refusal v. 7211 have nothing to do with that. .. Let every Tub stand on its own Bottom. 1948 F. THOMPSON Still glides Stream iv. ‘Every tub must stand on its own bottom,’ was one of his homely ways of expressing the individual independence desirable in children. 1994 H. N. THOMAS Spirits in Dark xviii. 2141 know the Old Testament tell us that the sins o’ the fathers get visited on the children, but yo’ mustn’ have a hand in that. Let ‘every tub must sit ‘pon its own bottom.’ independence Tuesday see Monday’s CHILD is fair of face. tug see when GREEK meets Greek, then comes the tug of war. tune see why should the DEVIL have all the best tunes?; a DRIPPING June sets all in tune;when the FURZE is in bloom, my love’s in tune; there’s many a GOOD tune played on an oldfiddle; he that LIVES in hope dances to an ill tune; he who PAYS the piper calls the tune. TURKEY, heresy, hops, and beer came into England all in one year 1599 H. BUTTES Diet’s Dry Dinner G4 I know not how it happened (as he merrily saith) that herisie and beere came hopping into England both in a yeere. 1643 R. BAKER Chronicle Henry VIII 66 About [1524].. it happened that divers things were newly brought into England, whereupon this Rime was made: ‘Turke[y]s, Carps, Hoppes, Piccarell [young pike], and Beere, Came into England all in one yeere.’ 1906 R. KIPLING Puck of Pook’s Hill 235 We say—‘Turkey, Heresy, Hops, and Beer Came into England all in one year.’ 1979 Observer 16 Dec. 56 ‘Turkeys, heresies, hops and beer All came to England in the one year’ says the rhyme, but the Romans gave us hops. innovation

turkey see also on SAINT Thomas the Divine kill all turkeys, geese, and swine. TURN about is fair play 1755 Life of Captain Dudley Bradstreet 338 Hitherto honest Men were kept from shuffling the Cards, because they would cast knaves out from the Company of Kings, but we would make them know, Turn about was fair Play. 1854 SURTEES Handley Cross xviii. ‘Turn about is fair play,’ as the devil said to the smoke-jack [an apparatus for turning a roasting spit]. 1986 J. SMITH Tourist Trap xi. ‘And if you hear anything about Les, you’ll let me know, won’t you?’ ‘I’II be glad to. But turnabout’s fair play—if you hear something, will you let me know?’ 2002 Washington Times 10 Apr. A16 And let’s not forget: Turnabout is fair play. If we let the IRS impose U.S. tax laws on foreign banks, what’s to stop foreign tax collectors from seeking to impose their laws on U.S. banks? fair dealing turn see also (noun) one GOOD turn deserves another; (verb) a BAD penny always turnsup; CLERGYMEN’S sons always turn out badly; there is always one who KISSES, and onewho turns the cheek; even a WORM will turn. turneth see a SOFT answer turneth away wrath. turning see it is a LONG lane that has no turning. twelve see it is not SPRING until you can plant your foot upon twelve daisies. twice see FOOL me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me; he GIVES twicewho gives quickly; LIGHTNING never strikes the same place twice; MEASURE twice, cutonce; ONCE bitten, twice shy; OPPORTUNITY never knocks twice at any man’s door; THINKtwice, cut once. As the TWIG is bent, so is the tree inclined Cf. 1530 J. PALSGRAVE L’éclaircissement de la Langue Française 161 A man may bendea wande [shoot] while it is grene [pliant] and make it strayght though it be neuer so croked.

1732 POPE Epistles to Several Persons 1.102 ‘Tis Education forms the common mind, Just as the Twig is bent, the Tree’s inclined. 1818 T. G. FESSENDEN Ladies Monitor 75’ ‘Tis education forms the tender mind, Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.’ This hacknied adage, not more trite than true. 1940 P. McGINLEY Primary Education in Pocketful of Wry 16 As bends the twig, thus grows the el-em.. So, twice a month, we’re bound to sell ’em The doctrine of Impartial Minds. 1979 ‘C. AIRD’ Some die Eloquent viii. ‘Nature, not nurture?’ murmured the biologist. .. ‘As the twig is bent,’ Sloan came back. 1996 National Review 9 Dec. 63 Older, bigger children defend their privileges, while younger kids try to subvert the status quo. As the twig is bent, so grows the tree. children; human nature; nature and nurtureTWO blacks don’t make a whiteSimilar to TWO wrongs don’t make a right. 1721 J. KELLY Scottish Proverbs 321 Two Blacks make no White. An Answer to them who, being blam’d, say others have done as ill or worse. 1822 SCOTT Letter 14 Mar (1934) VII. 96 To try whether I cannot contradict the old proverb of ‘Two blackies [Lockhart Life: blacks] not making a white’. 1882 A. AINGER Charles Lamb vii. As two blacks do not make a white, it was beside the mark to make laborious fun over Southey’s youthful ballads. 1932 G. B. SHAW Adventures of Black Girl 28 Never forget that two blacks do not make a white. 1966 A. E. LINDOP I start Counting viii. ‘What’s the modern murderer got to fear?.. They’ll only go to prison.’..’Two blacks don’t make a white.’ good and evilWhile TWO dogs are fighting for a bone, a third runs away with it c 1386 CHAUCER Knight’s Tale 1. 1177 We stryve as dide the houndes for the boon. . . Ther cam a kyte, whil that they were so wrothe, And baar awey the boon betwixe hem bothe. 1534 MORE Dialogue of Comfort (1553) I AiiiV Now strive there twain for vs, our lord send the grace, that the thyrde dog cary not awaie the bone from them both. 1639 J. CLARKE Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina 94 Two dogs strive for a bone, and the third runs away with it. 1784 Gazette of State of S. Carolina 17 July 2 Verifying the coarse proverb, while two dogs are fighting for a bone, a third comes and runs away with it. 1983 Practical Computing June 5 While the major companies continue to argue among themselves they are in a poor position to police the rest of the industry. When two alsatians are fighting over a large bone, a passing poodle can easily walk off with it. opportunity, takenTWO heads are better than one

Similar to FOUR eyes see more than two. Quot. 2001 relies on a slang use of head to mean‘lavatory’. c 1390 GOWER Confessio Amantis I. 1021 Tuo han more wit then on. 1530 J. PALSGRAVE L’éclaircissement de la Langue Française 269 Two wyttes be farre better than one. 1546 J. HEYWOOD Dialogue of Proverbs I. ix. C2V But of these two thynges he wolde determyne none Without ayde. For two hedds are better than one. 1778 S. FOOTE Nabob I. 5 Here comes brother Thomas; two heads are better than one; let us take his opinion. 1979 J. RATHBONE Eurokillers xviii. Two heads are better than one. .. I’d value your advice. 2001 Washington Post 14 July C12 (Jeff MacNelly’s Shoe comic strip)’Roz is having another restroom installed here.’ ‘Then it’s true. Two heads are better than one.’ assistance TWO is company, but three is none The alternative ending is three’s a crowd. 1706 J. STEVENS Spanish & English Dict. s.v. Compañia, A Company consisting of three is worth nothing. It is the Spanish Opinion, who say that to keep a Secret three are too many, and to be Merry they are too few. 1860 T. C. HALIBURTON Season Ticket viii. Three is a very inconvenient limitation, constituting, according to an old adage, ‘no company’. 1869 W. C. HAZLITT English Proverbs 442 Two is company, but three is none. 1944 Modern Language Notes LIX. 517 Two’s company, three’s a crowd. 1979 J. LEASOR Love & Land Beyond viii. Two’s company and three’s none, so one of the three has been taken out of the game. 2002 Washington Post 10 Mar. SC11 (Family Circus comic strip) Two’s company, three’s a crowd. ‘’Specially on a tandem bike.’ friends TWO of a trade never agree 1630 DEKKER Second Part of Honest Whore II. 154 It is a common rule, and ‘tis most true, Two of one trade never loue. 1673 E. RAVENSCROFT Careless Lovers A2V Two of a Trade can seldome agree. 1727 GAY Fables I. xxi. In every age and clime we see, Two of a trade can ne’er agree. 1887 G. MEREDITH Poems (1978) I. 148 Two of a trade, lass, never agree! Parson and Doctor!—don’t they love rarely, Fighting the devil in other men’s fields! 1914 ‘SAKI’ Beasts & Super-Beasts 96 The snorts and snarls.. went far to support the truth of the old saying that two of a trade never agree. 1981 E. LONGFORD Queen Mother vii. There is an old adage, ‘Two of a kind never agree.’ quarrelsomeness; similarity and dissimilarity; trades and skills

If TWO ride on a horse, one must ride behind 1598–9 SHAKESPEARE Much Ado about Nothing III. v. 34 An two men ride of ahorse, one must ride behind. c 1628 J. SMYTH Berkeley MSS (1885) III. 32 If two rideupon an horse one must sit behinde; meaninge, That in each contention one must take the[defeat]. 1874 G. J. WHYTE-MELVILLE Uncle John I. x. There is an old adage.. ‘Whentwo ride on a horse, one must ride behind.’ 1942 V. RATH Posted for Murder VI. iii.There comes a point when you are very exasperating. .. ‘When two ride on one horse, onemust ride behind.’ But I’m getting off for a while. 1986 A. CLARKE Mystery Lady(1988) iv. Collaboration on a book is an awkward business. If two people ride one horse,one of them must ride behind. co-operationThere are TWO sides to every questionCf . PROTAGORAS Aphorism (in Diogenes Laertius ProtagorasIX. li.)[Protagoras] Protagoras was thefirst to say that there are two sides to every question, one opposed to the other. 1802 J. ADAMS Autobiography (1966) III. 269 There were two Sides to a question.1817 T. JEFFERSON Letter 5 May in L. J. Cappon Adams-Jefferson Letters (1959) II.513 Men of energy of character must have enemies: because there are two sides to everyquestion, and.. those who take the other will of course be hostile. 1863 C. KINGSLEYWater Babies vi. Let them recollect this, that there are two sides to every question, and adownhill as well as an uphill road. 1957 E. SITWELL Letter in V. Glendinning EdithSitwell (1981) xxviii. It’s more than platitudinous to say that there are two sides to everyquestion but there is something to be said on both sides. 1971 C. FITZGIBBON Red Handiii. From the English point of view which inevitably they have applied to.. Ireland, the artof politics consists in realizing that there are two sides to every question. fair dealingIt takes TWO to make a bargain 1597 BACON Colours of Good & Euill x. 68 The seconde worde makes the bargaine.1598 Mucedorus B2 Nay, soft, sir, tow words to a bargaine, a 1637 MIDDLETON et al.Widow V. i. There’s two words to a bargain ever.. and if love be one, I’m sure money’sthe other. 1766 GOLDSMITH Vicar of Wakefield II. xii. ‘Hold, hold, Sir,’ criedJenkinson, ‘there are two words to that bargain.’ 1943 M. FLAVIN Journey in Dark iv.Takes two to make a bargain, and you both done mighty wrong. 1973 E. McGIRRBardel’s Murder iv. My father was in skins and he had to carry a life-preserver, they got

so nasty. Caveat emptor, he used to say, it taking two to make a bargain. buying and selling It takes TWO to make a quarrel 1706 J. STEVENS Spanish & English Dict. s.v. Barajar, When one will not, two do not Quarrel. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 4942 There must be two at least to a Quarrel. 1859 H. KINGSLEY Geoffrey Hamlyn II. xiii. It takes two to make a quarrel, Cecil, and I will not be one. 1979 Times 3 Dec. 13 If it were not for the truism that it takes at least two to make a quarrel, the French and the Germans.. could fairly claim that the fault lay wholly with the United Kingdom. anger, quarrelsomeness It takes TWO to tango Probably based on earlier sayings of the it takes two to.. form (see above). Sung by PearlBailey, the Hoffman and Manning song (quot. 1952) was a worldwide hit, giving this sayinginstant international currency. 1952 HOFFMAN & MANNING Takes Two to Tango (song-title) 2 There are lots of things you can do alone! But, takes two to tango. 1965 Listener 24 June 923 As for negotiation.. the President has a firm, and melancholy, conviction: it takes two to tango. 1991 Times 22 May 14 Remember. It only takes two to tango, and neither of them has to be you. 1999 Bella 25 May 16/2 Deep down, I know it takes two to tango and the blame should lie with them equally. co-operation TWO wrongs don’t make a right Similar to TWO blacks don’t make a white. 1783 B. RUSH Letter 2 Aug. (1951) I. 308 Three wrongs will not make one right. 1814 J. KERR Several Trials of David Barclay 249 Two wrongs don’t make one right. 1905 S. WEYMAN Starvecrow Farm xxiv. He ought to see this!.. After all, two wrongs don’t make a right. 1991 Washington Post 26 Apr. Even in law school, two wrongs don’t make a right. 2002 Washington Times 30 Jan. A16 Moreover, in the Austrian view, two wrongs don’t make a right. The central bank cannot undo its mistakes by reversing course. good and evil

two see also BETTER one house spoiled than two; BETWEEN two stools one falls to theground; a BIRD in the hand is worth two in the bush; two BOYS are half a boy, and three boysare no boy at all; of two EVILS choose the less; FOUR eyes see more than two; one HOUR’Ssleep before midnight is worth two after; NO man can serve two masters; ONE for sorrow, twofor mirth; if you can’t RIDE two horses at once, you shouldn’t be in the circus; if you RUNafter two hares you will catch neither; THREE may keep a secret, if two of them are dead; oneVOLUNTEER is worth two pressed men. tyranny see BETTER a century of tyranny than one day of chaos.

U undone see what’s DONE cannot be undone. The UNEXPECTED always happens Similar to NOTHING is certain but the unforeseen. Cf. PLAUTUS Mostellaria I. iii. 197insperata accidunt magi’ saepe quam quae speres, unexpected things happen more often thanthose you hope for. 1885 E. J. HARDY How to be Happy though Married xxv. A woman may have much theoretical knowledge, but this will not prevent unlooked-for obstacles from arising. .. It is the unexpected that constantly happens. 1909 Times Weekly 12 Nov. 732 No place in the world is more familiar than the House of Commons with ‘the unforeseen that always happens’. 1938 E. WAUGH ScoopI. iii. Have nothing which in a case of emergency you cannot carry in your own hands. But remember that the unexpected always happens. 1977 L. J. PETER Peter’s Quotations 296 Peter’s Law—The unexpected always happens. certainty and uncertainty; foresight and hindsight unforeseen see NOTHING is certain but the unforeseen. UNION is strength Unity is a popular alternative for union, especially when used as a trade-union slogan. Cf.HOMER Iliad XIII. 237 , even weak men havestrength in unity; L. vis unita fortior, force united is stronger; c 1527 T. BERTHELET tr.Erasmus’ Sayings of Wise Men A4V Concorde maketh those thynges that are weake, mightyand stronge. 1654 R. WILLIAMS Complete Writings (1963) VI. 280 Union strengthens. 1837 in D. Porter Early Negro Writing (1971) 228 In Union is strength. 1848 S. ROBINSON Letter 29 Dec. in Indiana Hist. Collections (1936) XXII. 178 ‘Union is strength,’ and that is the only kind that can control the floods of such a ‘great father of rivers [the Mississippi]’. 1877 E. WALFORD Tales of Great Families I. 264 The prosperity of the House of Rothschild [is due to] the unity which has attended the co-partnership of its members,.. a fresh example of the saying that ‘union is strength’. 1933 H. ADAMS

Strange Murder of Hatton xxix. Union is strength. We, by pooling our resources,.. are able.. to secure a steady income. 1981 E. AGRY Assault Force ix. This unfortunate misunderstanding; we must clear it up. .. After all, unity is strength. strength and weakness; unity and divisionunite see when SPIDER webs unite, they can tie up a lion.UNITED we stand, divided we fall 1768 J. DICKINSON Liberty Song in Boston Gazette 18 July Then join Hand in Hand brave Americans all, By uniting we stand, by dividing we fall. 1849 G. P. MORRIS Flag of our Union in Poems (1853) 41 ‘United we stand—divided we fall!’—It made and preserves a nation! 1894 J. JACOBS Fables of Aesop 122 Then Lion attacked them one by one and soon made an end of all four [oxen]. United we stand, divided we fall. 2002 Times 2 13 June 7 Threatened.., mocked.., hounded.., the churches—or at least, their more enlightened leaders—are belatedly moving towards the view that ‘united we might just stand, but divided we most certainly fall’. unity and divisionunity see UNION is strength.unlucky see LUCKY at cards, unlucky in love.unpunished see no GOOD deed goes unpunished.What goes UP must come downOriginally associated with wartime bombing and anti-aircraft shrapnel. 1929 F. A. POTTLE Stretchers vii. The antiaircraft guns always took a shot for luck. What goes up must come down, and one can be killed quite as neatly by a fragment of his own shrapnel as by the enemy’s. 1949 N. MAILER Naked & Dead III. vi. Gravity would occupy the place of mortality (what goes up must come down). 1967 F. J. SINGER Epigrams at Large 57 ‘What goes up, must come down’ is really a time-worn statement which wore out after the Venus and Mars probes. 2001 Washington Post 7 Sept. B1 What goes up must come down, even 26 years later. And the aged Russian rocket that came down just before dawn yesterday did so with a glowing, protracted brilliance that startled the early birds who saw it from New York to North Carolina. fate and fatalism

up see also FIRST up, best dressed; up like a ROCKET, down like a stick.upright see EMPTY sacks will never stand upright.USE it or lose it 1893 Homestead (Des Moines) 16 June USE OR LOSE (heading) It seems to be a law of nature that use is the condition of possession. 1948 Journal of American Judicature Society June (article title) The grand jury—use it or lose it. 1985 Times 18 Apr. 17 The conventional answer to this loss of facilities is that it is a problem for the local community which should be solved through ‘Use it or lose it’ campaigns and self- help solutions. 2007 New Scientist 28 Apr. 48 The pendulum swung back the other way in the 20th century, when a consumer-oriented culture lauded arousal and fulfilment: the injunction now was ‘use it or lose it’. action and inactionuse (noun) see KEEP a thing seven years and you’ll always find a use for it.

V vacuum see NATURE abhors a vacuum. vain see in vain the NET is spread in the sight of the bird. valet see NO man is a hero to his valet. valour see DISCRETION is the better part of valour. VARIETY is the spice of life Cf. EURIPIDES Orestes 234 , a change is always nice. 1785 COWPER TaskII. 76 Variety’s the very spice of life, That gives it all its flavour. 1854 ‘M. LANGDON’ Ida May vi. Take all de wives you can get,—bariety am de spite of life. 1954 ‘M. COST’ Invitation from Minerva 174 ‘Your signal is different from ours?’.. ‘Variety is the spice of life,’ he retorted. 2002 Washington Post 7 Aug. C15 (Broom Hilda comic strip)’I have prepared our annual financial statement.’.. ‘Last year you chewed it up and swallowed it.’ ‘Variety, lads. Spice of life and all that!’ novelty; variety varlet see an APE’S an ape, a varlet’s a varlet, though they be clad in silk or scarlet. vengeance see REVENGE is a dish that can be eaten cold. venture see NOTHING venture, nothing gain; NOTHING venture, nothing have. vessel see EMPTY vessels make the most sound. view see DISTANCE lends enchantment to the view; if you are not the LEAD dog, theview never changes.

It takes a whole VILLAGE to bring up a child Nigerian (Igbo and Yoruba) proverb, meaning that the whole community has a role in achild’s development; it also exists in other African languages. 1989 Miami Herald 21 May (online) We are rallying around the African proverb that it takes a whole village to raise a child. 1992 New York Times 18 Oct. (online) Our job as educators is to teach parents to help their kids to identify different solutions to a problem and to choose the right one.. We in the schools have to work more closely with parents on a continuous basis. There’s an old saying that it takes a whole village to raise a kid. 1996 H. CLINTON It Takes a Village (title). 2002 ‘Talking Point’ posting on www.news.bbc.co.uk 23 Sept. Children there do not get sick, or suffer from obesity as they eat fresh food, and due to the culture of ‘it takes a whole village to bring up a child’, the children are cared for by every one. 2006 British Dental Journal vol. 200 597 There is, I understand, a proverb to the effect that ‘It takes a whole village to bring up a child.’ It has a folksy sort of feel about it which brings to mind a type of community Elysium with visions of happy childhoods.. More importantly it suggests that it is possible for group action to create a positive outcome. children; society vinegar see HONEY catches more flies than vinegar; from the SWEETEST wine, thetartest vinegar. VIRTUE is its own reward Cf. OVID Ex Ponto ii. iii. virtutem pretium.. esse sui, virtue is its own reward. 1509 A. BARCLAY Ship of Fools 10V Vertue hath no rewarde. 1596 SPENSER Faerie Queene III. xii. Your vertue selfe her owne reward shall breed, Euen immortall praise, and glory wyde. 1642 BROWNE Religio Medici I. 87 That vertue is her owne reward, is but a cold principle. 1673 DRYDEN Assignation III. i. Virtue.. is its own reward: I expect none from you. 1844 DICKENS Martin Chuzzlewit xv. It is creditable to keep up one’s spirits here. Virtue’s its own reward. 1988 H. MANTEL Eight Months on Ghazzah Street (1989) 19 His patience was not like other people’s, a rather feeble virtue, which had, by its nature, to be its own reward. 2002 Spectator 12 Jan. 18 Humble people lack self-esteem, and chastity is just another sexual dysfunction. Virtue is not so much its own reward as a condition requiring therapeutic intervention. just deserts; virtue virtue see also PATIENCE is a virtue.

visitor see FISH and guests smell after three days. The VOICE of the people is the voice of God Cf. a 804 ALCUIN Letter clxiv. in Works (1863) 1.438 solent dicere: voxpopuli, vox Dei,they often say: the voice of the people is the voice of God. c 1412 T. HOCCLEVE Regimen of Princes (EETS) 104 Peples vois is goddes voys, men seyne. 1450 in T. Wright Political Poems (1861) II. 227 The voice of the people is the voice of God. 1646 BROWNE Pseudodoxia Epidemica I. iii. Though sometimes they are flattered with that Aphorisme, [they] will hardly beleeve the voyce of the people to bee the voyce of God. 1822 C. C. COLTON Lacon II. 266 The voice of the People is the voice of God; this axiom has manifold exceptions. 1914 G. B. SHAW Misalliance p. lxxii. An experienced demagogue comes along and says, ‘Sir: you are the dictator: the voice of the people is the voice of God.’ 1989 Washington Post 24 Mar. C21 imagine they are fine citizens. After all, we elected them and the voice of the people is the voice of God, remember that. politics; power; rulers and ruled One VOLUNTEER is worth two pressed men Pressed men were those who were forced into military service. 1705 T. HEARNE Journal 31 Oct. in Remarks & Collections (1885) I. 62 ‘Tis sd my LdSeymour presently after Mr. Smith was pronounc’d Speaker, rose up, and told them, Gentlemen; you have got a Low Church man; but pray remember that 100 Voluntiers are better than 200 press’d men. 1834 MARRYAT Jacob Faithful I. xiii. ‘Shall I give you a song?’ ‘That’s right, Tom; a volunteer’s worth two pressed men.’ 1837 F. CHAMIER Arethusa I. iii. Don’t fancy you will be detained against your will; one volunteer is worth two pressed men. 1897 R. KIPLING Captains Courageous x. He presumed Harvey might need a body-servant some day or other, and.. was sure that one volunteer was worth five hirelings. 1979 M. M. KAYE Shadow of Moon (rev. ed.) iv. The Earl could not be persuaded to send her away. .. In any case, said the Earl, Winter would need a personal maid, and in his opinion one volunteer was worth three pressed men. co-operation; free will and compulsion vomit see the DOG returns to his vomit.

W wag see it is MERRY in hall when beards wag all. wait see ALL things come to those who wait; TIME and tide wait for no man. waiting see it’s ILL waiting for dead men’s shoes. If you can WALK you can dance, if you can talk you can sing African (Shona) proverb. 1998 J. C. SHUMAN & D. ROTTENBERG Rhythm of Business 11.1 started this chapter with a saying from Zimbabwe: If you can walk/You can dance/If you can talk/You can sing. 1999 New York Times 17 Aug. (online) ‘The only thing I am interested to know is that they will be consistent,’ Mr. Leitao said. ‘I do believe if you can walk you can dance. If you can talk you can sing. When you learn to shift your weight then you learn about structure and form and then you put the melody in your body.’ 2005 ‘Drums that Talk’ posting on www.bowdoin.edu 28 Mar. In West Africa, music is learned without notation and allows access to everyone, regardless of ability. Adzenyah embraces the inclusive nature of this music: ‘If you can walk, you can dance. If you can talk, you can sing.’ optimism; possibility and impossibility We must learn to WALK before we can run The metaphorical phrase to run before one can walk is also common. c 1350 Douce MS 52 no. 116 Fyrst the chylde crepyth and after gooth [walks]. c 1450 Towneley Play of First Shepherds (EETS) 1.100 Ffyrst must vs crepe and sythen [afterwards] go. 1670 J. RAY English Proverbs 75 You must learn to creep before you go. 1794 G. WASHINGTON Letter 20 July in Writings (1940) XXXIII. 438 We must walk as other countries have done before we can run. 1851 G. BORROW Lavengro II. ii. Ambition is a very pretty thing; but sir, we must walk before we run. 1876 J. PLATT Business 124 More fail from doing too much than too little. We must learn and be strong enough to walk before we can run. 1947 M. PENN Manchester Fourteen Miles xv. Mrs. Winstanley reproved her for being impatient. She pointed out..that everybody must learn

to walk before they could run. 1980 K. AMIS Russian Hide & Seek iv. At the moment we can’t leave it to the English to do anything. We must learn to walk before we can run. patience and impatience\ walk see also AFTER dinner rest a while, after supper walk a mile. wall see the WEAKEST go to the wall. WALLS have ears Similar to FIELDS have eyes, and woods have ears. 1575 G. GASCOIGNE Supposes I. i. The table.., the portals, yes and the cupbords them selves have eares. 1592 G. DELAMOTHE French Alphabet II. 29 The walles may have some eares. .. Les murailles ont des aureilles. 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote II. xlviii. They say Walls haue eares. 1766 D. GARRICK Neck or Nothing II. i. Not so fast and so loud, good master of mine—walls have ears. 1822 SCOTT Nigel I. vi. It is not good to speak of such things. .. Stone walls have ears. 1958 L. DURRELL Mountolive XII. 232 She lay in the silence of a room which had housed (if walls have ears) their most secret deliberations. 2000 J. ALTMAN Gathering of Spies v. 91 He realized that Himmler was waiting to gain distance from the house before speaking. Walls had ears, and Nazi walls had more ears than most. eavesdroppers walnut see a WOMAN, a dog, and a walnut tree, the more you beat them the better theybe. WALNUTS and pears you plant for your heirs The idea of ‘planting trees for posterity’ is much older than the specific references towalnuts and pears. Cf. CICERO Cato Major vii. 24 ‘serit arbores, quae alteri saeclo prosint,’ut ait Statius noster in Synephebis,’he plants trees, which will be of use to another age,’ as[Caecilius] Statius says in his Synephebi. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 198 The tree that growes slowly, keepes it selfe for another. 1732 T. FULLER Gnomologia no. 2401 He who plants a Walnut-Tree, expects not to eat of the Fruit. 1863 A. SMITH Dreamthorp xi. My oaks are but saplings; but what undreamed-of English kings will they not outlive?.. A man does not plant a tree

for himself; he plants it for posterity. 1907 W. C. HAZLITT English Proverbs 361 Plant pears for your heirs. A proverb which no longer holds true, since pears are now made to yield well after a few years. 1941 C. MACKENZIE Red Tapeworm xv. ‘Better to plant them promptly,’ said Miss Quekett. ‘It’s only walnuts and pears you plant for your heirs.’ children and parents If you WANT a thing done well, do it yourself Very similar to if you would be well SERVED, serve yourself. 1541 M. COVERDALE tr. H. Bullinger’s Christian State of Matrimony xix. If thou wilt prospere, then loke to euery thynge thyne owne self. 1616 T. DRAXE Adages 163 If a man will haue his business well done, he must doe it himselfe. 1858 LONGFELLOW Poems (1960) 160 That’s what I always say; if you want a thing to be well done, You must do it yourself. 1927 Times 14 Nov. 15 Lastly there is the illustration of the great principle: if you want a thing done, do it yourself. 1975 ‘E. LATHEN’ By Hook or by Crook xxi. Do you know how I got it done in the end? I went down to Annapolis myself. I always say, if you want a thing done well, do it yourself! 1998 Times 20 Jan. 7 After everything that’s happened, pregnancy was the last thing on my mind. .. there’s a lot to be said for the old adage that if you want a job doing properly, do it yourself. efficiency and inefficiency; self-help For WANT of a nail the shoe was lost; for want of a shoe the horse was lost; and forwant of a horse the man was lost The proverb is found in a number of forms. Cf. late 15th-cent. Fr. par ung seul clou perdon ung bon cheval, by just one nail one loses a good horse; c 1390 GOWER Confessio Amantisv. 4785 For sparinge of a litel cost Fulofte time a man hath lost The large cote for the hod[hood]. 1629 T. ADAMS Works 714 The French-men haue a military prouerbe, The losse of a nayle, the losse of an army. The want of a nayle looseth the shooe, the losse of shooe troubles the horse, the horse indangereth the rider, the rider breaking his ranke molests the company, so farre as to hazard the whole Army. 1640 G. HERBERT Outlandish Proverbs no. 499 For want of a naile the shoe is lost, for want of a shoe the horse is lost, for want of a horse the rider is lost. 1880 S. SMILES Duty x. ‘Don’t care’ was the man who was to blame for the well-known catastrophe:—’For want of a nail the shoe was lost, for want of a shoe the horse was lost, and for want of a horse the man was lost.’ 1925 S. O’CASEY Juno & Paycock 1. 16 You bring your long-tailed shovel, an’ I’ll bring me navvy [device for excavating earth]. We mighten’ want them, an’, then agen, we might:

Y year see there are no BIRDS in last year’s nest; a CHERRY year a merry year; KEEP athing seven years and you’ll always find a use for it; you should KNOW a man seven yearsbefore you stir his fire; ONE year’s seeding makes seven years’ weeding; TURKEY, heresy,hops, and beer came into England all in one year. yesterday see JAM tomorrow and jam yesterday, but never jam today. YORKSHIRE born and Yorkshire bred, strong in the arm and weak in the head The names of other (chiefly, northern) English counties and towns are also used instead ofYorkshire. 1852 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. V. 573 Derbyshire born and Derbyshire bred, Strong i’ th’ arm, and weak i’ th’ head. 1869 W. C. HAZLITT English Proverbs 273 Manchester bred: Long in the arms, and short in the head. 1920 C. H. DOUGLAS Credit-Power & Democracy vi. Organised labour at this time shows considerable susceptibility to the Border gibe of being ‘strong i’ th’ arm and weak i’ th’ head’. 1966 J. BINGHAM Double Agent ii. He thought, Yorkshire born and Yorkshire bred, strong in th’ arm and weak in’t head; but it wasn’t true, most of them were as quick as weasels and sharp as Sheffield steel. human nature YOUNG folks think old folks to be fools, but old folks know young folks to be fools 1577 J. GRANGE Golden Aphroditis O2V Young men thinks old men fooles, but old men knoweth well, Yong men are fooles. 1605 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain 221 Wise was that saying of Doctor Medcalfe: You Yong men do thinke vs olde men to be fooles, but we olde men do know that you yong men are fooles. 1790 R. TYLER Contrast v. ii. Young folks think old folks to be fools; but old folks know young folks to be fools. 1850 F. E. SMEDLEY Frank Fairlegh xxx. ‘Young folks always think old ones fools, they say.’ ‘Finish the adage, Sir, that old folks know young ones to be so, and then agree with me that it is a saying founded on prejudice.’ 1930 A. CHRISTIE Murder at Vicarage xxxi. I remember a saying of my Great Aunt Fanny’s. I was sixteen at the time and thought it particularly foolish. .. She used to say, ‘The young people think the old people are fools—but the old people know the young people are fools!’ fools; old age; youth

A YOUNG man married is a young man marred 1589 G. PUTTENHAM Art of English Poesy III. xix. 173 The maide that soone married is, soone marred is. 1602 SHAKESPEARE All’s Well that ends Well II. iii. 291 A young man married is a man that’s marr’d. 1961 R. KIRK Old House of Fear i. Don’t forget this, though, Duncan—’You can grave it on his tombstone, you can cut it on his card: A young man married is a young man marred.’ marriage; youth YOUNG men may die, but old men must die Cf. the words of a Roman noblewoman rejecting an elderly suitor after the death of heryoung husband: juvenis quidem potest cito mori; sed senex diu vivere non potest, a young manmay indeed die early, but an old man cannot live long (quoted by ST. JEROME, Letter cxxvii.2). 1534 MORE Dialogue of Comfort (1553) II. ii. As the younge man maye happe some time to die soone, so the olde man can never liue long. 1623 W. CAMDEN Remains concerning Britain (ed. 3) 276 Young men may die, but old men must die. 1758 LADY M. W. MONTAGU Letter 5 Sept. (1967) III. 174 According to the good English Proverb, young people may die, but old must. 1863 B. I. WILEY Life of Billy Yank (1952) xii. That is the Way of the World. The old must die and the young may die. 1970 ‘D. CRAIG’ (title) Young men may die. 1993 ‘C. AIRD’ Going Concern (1994) i. 9 Mary-Louise was the holiday party’s language specialist and immediately said: ‘“The young die sometimes, but the old always die.” That’s an old Breton proverb.’ death; necessity; old age YOUNG saint, old devil c 1400 Middle English Sermons from MS Royal 18 B xxiii (EETS) 159 Itt is a comond prouerbe bothe of clerkes and of laye men, ‘younge seynt, old dewell’. 1552 H. LATIMER Seventh Sermon, Lord’s Prayer in Sermons (1844-5) 431 The old proverb, ‘Young saints, old devils’.. is.. the devil’s own invention; which would have parents negligent in bringing up their children in goodness. 1636 S. WARD Collection of Sermons & Treatises 269 Young Saints, will prove but old Devils.. But.. such as proove falling starres, never were ought but meteors. 1936 V. MCHUGH Caleb Catlum’s America xxvii. Young saint, old devil.. looks to me like you been leadin’ too virtyus a life. good and evil; human nature; youth

young see also BETTER be an old man’s darling than a young man’s slave; whom theGODS love die young; the GOOD die young; HANG a thief when he’s young, and he’ll no’steal when he’s old; you cannot put an OLD head on young shoulders. YOUTH must be served 1829 P. EGAN Boxiana 2nd Ser. II. 60 Tom Cannon made his appearance in the Prize Ring rather too late in life, under the idea that ‘Youth must be served’. 1900 A. CONAN DOYLE Green Flag 125 There were..points in his favour. ..There was age— twenty-three against forty. There was an old ring proverb that ‘Youth will be served’. 1941 G. HEYER Envious Casca iv. You’re just an old curmudgeon, and you’re upset because you didn’t like young Roydon’s play. .. But, my dear chap, youth must be served! 2001 Washington Times 19 Aug. B1 And why wouldn’t your clone, poor thing, have just as much claim to your constituent organs, if not more? (Youth will be served.) opportunity; youth If YOUTH knew, if age could Cf. H. ESTIENNE Les Premices (1594) 173 O si la ievnesse scavoit, O si la vieillessepovvoit; often quoted in its modern French form si jeunesse savait; si vieillesse pouvait. 1611 R. COTGRAVE Dict. French & English s.v. jeunesse If youth knew what to doe, and age could doe what it knowes, no man would ever be poore. 1922 J. JOYCE Ulysses 30 I know, I know. If youth but knew. But what does Shakespeare say? 2002 Times 9 July 19 The old adage, ‘If youth knew, if age but could’, has been replaced by a scenario in which youth doesn’t know, but age still can. old age; youth Yule see a GREEN Yule makes a fat churchyard.

Bibliography of Major Proverb Collections and Works cited from Modern Editions Quotations are taken from the first edition of the work in question unless otherwise stated.Standard modern editions of several major authors, particularly from the medieval andRenaissance periods, have been used for ease of reference. Major Proverb Collections Apperson, G. L., English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases (London, 1929). Bohn, H. G., Hand-Book of Proverbs (London, 1855). Carmichaell, J., James Carmichaell Collection of Proverbs in Scots, ed. M. L. Anderson (Edinburgh, 1957). [Clarke, J.,] Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina.. or Proverbs English, and Latine, methodically disposed according to the Common-place heads, in Erasmus his Adages (London, 1639). Denham, M. A., Collection of Proverbs and Popular Sayings relating to the seasons, the weather, and agricultural pursuits (London, 1846). Draxe, T., Bibliotheca Scholastica Instructissima, or, a Treasurie of ancient Adagies, and sententious Prouerbes, selected out of the English, Greeke, Latine, French, Italian, and Spanish (London, 1616). Dykes, O., English Proverbs, with Moral Reflexions (London, 1709). Fergusson, D., Fergusson’s Scottish Proverbs from the Original Print of 1641 together with a larger Manuscript Collection of about the same period hitherto unpublished, ed. E. Beveridge (Edinburgh, 1924). Franklin, B., Poor Richard’s Almanack: Sayings of Poor Richard, ed. P. L. Ford (Brooklyn, 1890). Fuller, T., Gnomologia: Adagies and Proverbs; Wise Sentences and Witty Sayings, Ancient and Modern, Foreign and British (London, 1732). Hart, Henry H., 700 Chinese Proverbs (Stanford, Calif. 1937). Hassell, J. W., Jun., Middle French Proverbs, Sentences, and Proverbial Phrases (Toronto, 1982). Hazlitt, W. C., English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases (London, 1869). Later editions are also cited. Henderson, A., Scottish Proverbs (Edinburgh, 1832). H[erbert]., G., Outlandish Proverbs (1640), and Jacula Prudentum (1651), in Works, ed. F. E. Hutchinson (Oxford, 1941). Heywood, J., Dialogue conteinyng the nomber in effect of all the prouerbes in the englishe tongue (London, 1546). Later editions are also cited.

Hislop, A., Proverbs of Scotland (Glasgow, 1862). H[owell]., J., Paroimiographia. Proverbs, or Old sayed sawes & adages in English,.. Italian, French, and Spanish, whereunto the British.. are added (London, 1659). Kelly, J., Complete Collection of Scottish Proverbs Explained and made Intelligible to the English Reader (London, 1721). Lean, V. S., Collectanea (5 vols., Bristol, 1902–4). [Mapletoft, J.,] Select Proverbs, Italian, Spanish, French, English, Scotish, British, &c. Chiefly Moral (London, 1707). Mieder, W., Kingsbury, S.A., and Harder, K. B., A Dictionary of American Proverbs (New York and Oxford, 1992). Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs, ed. F. P. Wilson (ed. 3, Oxford, 1970). Palmer, S., Moral Essays on some of the most Curious and Significant English, Scotch, and Foreign Proverbs (London, 1710). R[ay]., J., Collection of English Proverbs (Cambridge, 1670). Later editions are also cited. Stevenson, B., HomeBook of Proverbs, Maxims, and Familiar Phrases (rev. ed., New York, 1961). Taverner, R., Proverbs or adagies with newe addicions gathered out of the Chiliades of Erasmus (London, 1539). Taylor, A., and Whiting, B. J., Dictionary of American Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases 1820–1880 (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1958). Tilley, M. P., Dictionary of the Proverbs in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Ann Arbor, 1950). Torriano, G., Dictionary English & Italian, with severall Proverbs, first published with J. Florio’s Vocabolario Italiano & Inglese, a Dictionary Italian & English (rev. ed., London, 1659). —— Piazza universale di proverbi Italiani; or, a common place of Italian proverbs and proverbial phrases (London, 1666). —— Second alphabet consisting of proverbial phrases (London, 1662). —— Select Italian Proverbs (Cambridge, 1642). Tusser, T., Husbandry: Hundreth good pointes of husbandrie (London, 1557), Five hundreth points of good husbandry united to as many of good huswiferie (1573, various revised and augmented editions). Whiting, B. J., Early American Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1977). —— Modern Proverbs and Proverbial Sayings (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1989). —— Proverbs, Sentences, and Proverbial Phrases from English Writings mainly before 1500 (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1968).www.afriprov.orgWorks Cited from Modern Editions Beaumont, F., and Fletcher, J., Works, ed. A. Glover and A. R. Waller (10 vols.,

Cambridge, 1905–12).Bible: Authorised Version of the English Bible 1611 ed. W. A. Wright (5 vols., Cambridge, 1909).Chaucer, G., Works, ed. F. N. Robinson (ed. 2, London, 1966).Dekker, T., Dramatic Works, ed. F. T. Bowers (4 vols., Cambridge, 1953–61). Non- dramatic works are cited from the first edition.Douce MS 52: Forster, M., ‘Die Mittelenglische Sprichwortersammlung in Douce 52’, Festschrift zum XII. Allgemeinen Deutschen Neuphilologentage in München, Pfingsten 1906 (Erlangen, 1906), 40–60.Ford, J., Dramatic Works, ed. W. Bang and H. de Vocht (2 vols., Louvain, 1908, 1927).Gascoigne, G., Complete Works, ed. J. W. Cunliffe (2 vols., Cambridge, 1907–10).Gower, J., English Works, ed. G. C. Macaulay (2 vols., London, 1900–1).Greene, R., Life and Complete Works in prose and verse, ed. A. B. Grosart (15 vols., London, 1881–6).Heywood, T., Dramatic Works, ed. R. H. Shepherd (6 vols., London, 1874). Captives is cited from the first publication of 1885.Jonson, B., Works, ed. C. H. Herford, P. and E. M. Simpson (11 vols., Oxford, 1925–52). Cynthia’s Revels is cited from the first edition.Langland, W., Vision of William concerning Piers Plowman, ed. W. W. Skeat (5 vols., London, 1867–85).Lyly, J., Complete Works, ed. R. W. Bond (3 vols., Oxford, 1902). Principal works cited are Euphues: the anatomy of wit (1578) and Euphues and his England (1580).Marlowe, C., Works and Life, ed. R. H. Case et al. (6 vols., London, 1930–3).Marston, J., Works, ed. A. H. Bullen (3 vols., London, 1887).Massinger, P., Plays and Poems, ed. P. Edwards and C. Gibson (Oxford, 1976).Middleton, T., Works, ed. A. H. Bullen (8 vols., London, 1885–6).Milton, J., Complete Prose Works, ed. D. M. Wolfe et al. (8 vols., New Haven, 1953-).—— Works, ed. F. A. Patterson (18 vols., New York, 1931–8). Cited for poetical works.Nashe, T., Works, ed. R. B. McKerrow (5 vols., London, 1904–10; corrected reprint 1958, 1966).Pope, A., Twickenham edition of the poems, ed. J. Butt et al. (10 vols., London, 1939–67). The Dunciad and the translation of the Odyssey are cited from the first edition; Letters are cited as marked in the text.Porter, H., Pleasant Historie of the two angrie women ofAbington, ed. W. W. Greg (Oxford, for the Malone Society, 1912).Romaunt of the Rose. in Chaucer, G., Works, supra.Shakespeare, W., Complete Works, ed. P. Alexander (London, 1951).Skelton, J., Poems, ed. R. S. Kinsman (Oxford, 1969). Items not found here are cited from Poetical Works, ed. A. Dyce (2 vols., London, 1843).Spenser, E., Works: a variorum edition, ed. E. Greenlaw et al. (10 vols., Baltimore, 1932– 57).Swift, J., Poems, ed. H. Williams (3 vols., ed. 2, Oxford, 1958).—— Prose Works, ed. H. Davis (14 vols., Oxford, 1939–68). The Polite Conversation (’S. W [agstaff].’, Complete collection of genteel and ingenious conversation, according to

the most polite mode and method now used at court, and in the best companies of England (London, 1738)) is cited from the first edition.Thompson, F., Lark Rise to Candleford: cited from the first collected edition of 1945.Webster, J., Complete Works, ed. F. L. Lucas (4 vols., London, 1927).

Thematic Index absence ABSENCE makes the heart grow fonder he who is ABSENT is always in the wrong the BEST of friends must part BLUE are the hills that are far away DISTANCE lends enchantment to the view OUT of sight, out of mind abuse, verbal see malice; slander accidents see under misfortune action and consequence AFTER the feast comes the reckoning ANOTHER day, another dollar ASK a silly question and you get a silly answer as you BAKE, so shall you brew as you BREW, so shall you bake CATCHING’S before hanging CRIME doesn’t pay they that DANCE must pay the fiddler DO right and fear no man he who DRINKS beer, thinks beer the END justifies the means GARBAGE in, garbage out ILL gotten goods never thrive IN for a penny.. as you MAKE your bed, so you must lie upon it the NAIL that sticks up gets hammered down ONE year’s seeding makes seven years’ weeding he who PAYS the piper calls the tune he who PLANTS thorns should not expect to gather roses if you PLAY with fire you get burnt who won’t be RULED by the rudder must be ruled by the rock who SAYS A must say B as you SOW, so you reap they that sow the wind shall reap the whirlwind

the more you STIR it.. for WANT of a nail the shoe was lost.. WILFUL waste makes woeful want he who WILLS the end, wills the meansaction and inaction see also words and deeds as good be an ADDLED egg as an idle bird the BETTER the day, the better the deed BETTER to light one candle.. BETTER to live one day as a tiger.. BETTER to wear out than to rust out COUNCILS of war never fight DELAYS are dangerous when in DOUBT, do nowt the ROAD to hell is paved with good intentions if you SIT by the river for long enough.. let SLEEPING dogs lie USE it or lose itadversity see also good fortune ADVERSITY makes strange bedfellows the BLOOD of the martyrs is the seed of the Church the DEVIL was sick, the Devil a saint would be . . a FRIEND in need is a friend indeed if LIFE hands you lemons, make lemonadeadvice a FOOL may give a wise man counsel NIGHT brings counsel don’t TEACH your grandmother to suck eggsage see middle age; old age; youthagreement see under harmony and disharmonyambition hasty CLIMBERS have sudden falls the HIGHER the monkey climbs.. if you are not the LEAD dog, the view never changes up like a ROCKET..

there is always ROOM at the top many go out for WOOL and come home shornanger a LITTLE pot is soon hot a SOFT answer turneth away wrath never let the SUN go down on your anger it takes TWO to make a quarrelanimals feed a DOG for three days.. DOGS look up to you..anticipation see expectationappearance BE what you would seem to be a BLIND man’s wife needs no paint a CARPENTER is known by his chips HANDSOME is as handsome does PLEASE your eye and plague your heart PRETTY is as pretty does the PROOF of the pudding is in the eating the TREE is known by its fruitappearance, deceptive an APE’S an ape, a varlet’s a varlet.. APPEARANCES are deceptive BEAUTY is only skin-deep you can’t tell a BOOK by its cover never CHOOSE your women or your linen by candlelight the COWL does not make the monk all that GLITTERS is not gold there’s many a GOOD cock come out of a tattered bag there’s many a GOOD tune played on an old fiddle no matter how long a LOG stays in the water . . STILL waters run deepappearance, significant CLOTHES make the man

the EYES are the windows of the soul FINE feathers make fine birds FIRST impressions are the most lasting a GOOD horse cannot be of a bad colour what you SEE is what you getarmy see under soldiersassistance EVERY little helps FOUR eyes see more than two MANY hands make light work a MOUSE may help a lion if you’re not part of the SOLUTION.. everyone SPEAKS well of the bridge.. TOO many cooks spoil the broth TWO heads are better than one do not call a WOLF to help you against the dogsassociates see also example, good and bad; friends where BEES are, there is honey BIG fleas have little fleas.. BIRDS of a feather flock together CAESAR’S wife must be above suspicion where the CARCASE is.. a man is known by the COMPANY he keeps the DEVIL looks after his own if you LIE down with dogs.. LOVE me, love my dog MORE people know Tom Fool.. POLITICS makes strange bedfellows if there were no RECEIVERS, there would be no thieves the ROTTEN apple injuries its neighbours there is SAFETY in numbers the SUN loses nothing by shining into a puddle he who SUPS with the Devil should have a long spoon he that TOUCHES pitch shall be defiledbadness see good and evil; wrong-doersbeauty

BEAUTY draws with a single hair BEAUTY is in the eye of the beholder BEAUTY is only skin-deep PLEASE your eye and plague your heartbeginnings and endings see also finality it is the FIRST step that is difficult there is always a FIRST time a GOOD beginning makes a good ending GREAT oaks from little acorns grow the LONGEST journey begins with a single step the MOTHER of mischief is no bigger than a midge’s wing all ROADS lead to Rome good SEED makes a good crop the SOONER begun, the sooner done as you SOW, so you reap a STREAM cannot rise above its source WELL begun is half done all’s WELL that ends wellbehaviour see conduct; human naturebigness see under great and smallbird lore ONE for sorrow, two for mirth.. the ROBIN and the wren are God’s cock and hen. .blessings BLESSED is he who expects nothing.. BLESSINGS brighten as they take their flight happy is the BRIDE.. happy is the COUNTRY which has no history blessed are the DEAD.. you never MISS the water till the well runs dryboasting BRAG is a good dog.. EMPTY vessels make the most sound

one ENGLISHMAN’S can beat three Frenchmen the KUMARA does not speak of its own sweetness MUCH cry and little wool SELF-PRAISE is no recommendation TALK is cheapboldness see also courage ADVENTURES are to the adventurous ATTACK is the best form of defence BETTER to live one day as a tiger.. the best DEFENSE is a good offense FAINT heart never won fair lady you never KNOW what you can do till you try if you gently touch a NETTLE.. NOTHING so bold as a blind mare NOTHING venture, nothing gain NOTHING venture, nothing have put a STOUT heart to a stey braeborrowing and lending neither a BORROWER nor a lender be the EARLY man never borrows from the late man he that GOES a-borrowing, goes a-sorrowing LEND your money and lose your friendbravery see couragebrevity and long-windedness BREVITY is the soul of wit a GREAT book is a great evil LENGTH begets loathingbribery and corruption EVERY man has his price there’s no such thing as a FREE lunch a GOLDEN key can open any door KISSING goes by favour it’s not WHAT you know, it’s who you knowbusiness

BUSINESS before pleasure BUSINESS is war CORPORATIONS have neither bodies to be punished . . EVERY man to his trade MONEY has no smell where there’s MUCK there’s brass PUNCTUALITY is the soul of business SELL in May and go away SHORT reckonings make long friends TRADE follows the flag there are TRICKS in every trade TWO of a trade never agreebusybodies see also eavesdroppers if it ain’t BROKE, don’t fix it let the COBBLER stick to his last EVERYBODY’S business is nobody’s business LAY-OVERS for meddlers LET well alone let SLEEPING dogs lie the more you STIR it.. TOO many cooks spoil the brothbuying and selling see also business BUY in the cheapest market.. you BUY land, you buy stones.. let the BUYER beware the BUYER has need of a hundred eyes.. the CUSTOMER is always right a MONEYLESS man goes fast through the market SELL in May and go away it takes TWO to make a bargain one WHITE foot, buy him.. the WORTH of a thing is what it will bringcalendar lore see also weather lore BARNABY bright, Barnaby bright.. CANDLEMAS day, put beans in the clay.. ne’er CAST a clout till May be out FEBRUARY fill dyke.. on the FIRST of March, the crows begin to search MARRY in May, rue for aye

MAY chickens come cheeping NO moon, no man on SAINT Thomas the Divine kill all turkeys, geese, and swine it is not SPRING until you can plant your foot upon twelve daisies a SWARM in May is worth a load of hay.. SWEEP the house with broom in May..caution see also discretion; risk let the BUYER beware the BUYER has need of a hundred eyes.. be CAREFUL what you pray for, you might get it if you can’t be GOOD, be careful LOOK before you leap MEASURE seven times, cut once MEASURE twice, cut once those who PLAY at bowls must look out for rubbers one STEP at a time he who SUPS with the Devil should have a long spoon THREE things are not to be trusted.. THINK twice, cut oncecertainty and uncertainty NOTHING is certain but death and taxes NOTHING is certain but the unforeseen the UNEXPECTED always happenschange see also constancy and inconstancy; innovation there are no BIRDS in last year’s nest a CHANGE is as good as a rest NEW lords, new laws NOTHING is for ever ONE nail drives out another OTHER times, other manners THREE removals are as bad as a firecharacter see human naturecharity CHARITY begins at home CHARITY covers a multitude of sins

he GIVES twice who gives quickly KEEP your own fish-guts for your own sea-mawschildren Monday’s CHILD is fair of face.. the CHILD is the father of the man CHILDREN and fools tell the truth CHILDREN should be seen and not heard out of the MOUTHS of babes— NO moon, no man SPARE the rod and spoil the child as the TWIG is bent, so is the tree inclined it takes a whole VILLAGE to bring up a childchildren and parents see also family CHILDREN are certain cares CLERGYMEN’S sons always turn out badly like FATHER, like son like MOTHER, like daughter PRAISE the child, and you make love to the mother my SON is my son till he gets him a wife . . WALNUTS and pears you plant for your heirs it is a WISE child that knows its own fatherchoices see also decision and indecision a DOOR must either be shut or open of two EVILS choose the less MANY are called but few are chosen you PAYS your money and you takes your choice you cannot RUN with the hare.. SMALL choice in rotten applesChristianity the BLOOD of the martyrs is the seed of the Church the CHURCH is an anvil.. MEAT and mass never hindered man the NEARER the church, the farther from Godcircumstances there are no BIRDS in last year’s nest

CIRCUMSTANCES alter cases CUT your coat according to your cloth no matter how long a LOG stays in the water.. it is a LONG lane that has no turning NEW lords, new laws OTHER times, other manners when in ROME, do as the Romans do STRETCH your arm no further than your sleeve will reach everyone STRETCHES his legs according to the length of his coverlet TIMES change and we with timecivility see manners; politenesscleanliness CLEANLINESS is next to godliness if every man would SWEEP his own doorstep . .clothing see dresscoercion see free will and compulsioncoincidence GREAT minds think alike TALK of the Devil, and he is bound to appearcommon sense see under discretion; prudencecompany see associates; friendscompassion see pitycompulsion see free will and compulsionconcealment those who HIDE can find LOVE and a cough cannot be hid MURDER will out

THREE may keep a secret.. TRUTH lies at the bottom of a well TRUTH will outconduct see also politeness CAESAR’S wife must be above suspicion if the CAP fits, wear it EVIL communications corrupt good manners what can you EXPECT from a pig but a grunt? he is a GOOD dog who goes to church HANDSOME is as handsome does one might as well be HANGED for a sheep as a lamb HONESTY is the best policy you can’t PLEASE everyone PRETTY is as pretty does when in ROME, do as the Romans do if the SHOE fits, wear it it is ill SITTING at Rome and striving with the Popeconfession CONFESS and be hanged CONFESSION is good for the soul a FAULT confessed is half redressedconscience CONSCIENCE makes cowards of us all a clean CONSCIENCE is a good pillow CORPORATIONS have neither bodies to be punished . . DO right and fear no man EVIL doers are evil dreaders he who EXCUSES, accuses himself a GUILTY conscience needs no accuserconsequences see action and consequenceconstancy and inconstancy see also change a DOG is for life.. the LEOPARD does not change his spots LOVE me little, love me long it is best to be OFF with the old love..

ONCE a —, always a — ONCE a priest, always a priest ONCE a whore, always a whore a ROLLING stone gathers no mosscontent and discontent all’s for the BEST.. BETTER a dinner of herbs.. BETTER are small fish.. BLUE are the hills that are far away if it ain’t BROKE, don’t fix it ENOUGH is as good as a feast ENOUGH is enough GO further and fare worse GOD’S in his heaven.. the GRASS is always greener.. what you’ve never HAD you never miss HALF a loaf is better than no bread the HALF is better than the whole if you would be HAPPY for a week take a wife . . HOME is home though it’s never so homely HOME is where the heart is LET well alone there’s no PLACE like home do not grieve that ROSE-TREES have thorns . . SOMETHING is better than nothingco-operation see also assistance; reciprocity if TWO ride on a horse.. it takes TWO to tango one VOLUNTEER is worth two pressed mencorruption see bribery and corruptioncourage see also boldness BETTER to die on your feet.. none but the BRAVE deserve the fair BRAVE men lived before Agamemnon FORTUNE favours the bravecowardice

a BULLY is always a coward CONSCIENCE makes cowards of us all COWARDS die many times before their death don’t CRY before you’re hurtcredulity see trust and scepticismcunning see guilecuriosity ASK no questions and hear no lies CURIOSITY killed the cat LAY-OVERS for meddlersdanger see perildeath good AMERICANS when they die go to Paris every BULLET has its billet let the DEAD bury the dead blessed are the DEAD that the rain rains on DEATH is the great leveller DEATH pays all debts you can only DIE once every ELM has its man one FUNERAL makes many whom the GODS love die young the GOOD die young a GREEN Yule makes a fat churchyard there is a REMEDY for everything except death SHROUDS have no pockets STONE-dead hath no fellow as the TREE falls, so shall it lie YOUNG men may die, but old men must diedeception see also guile APPEARANCES are deceptive FEAR the Greeks bearing gifts FOOL me once, shame on you

the HUSBAND is always the last to know in vain the NET is spread in the sight of the bird PROMISES, like pie-crust, are made to be brokendecision and indecision see also choices BETWEEN two stools one falls.. the CAT would eat fish.. don’t CHANGE horses in mid-stream COUNCILS of war never fight when in DOUBT, do nowt FIRST thoughts are best he who HESITATES is lost if you RUN after two hares you will catch neitherdeeds see action and inaction; words and deedsdemocracy see equality; rulers and ruleddeserts see just desertsdesire see wanting and havingdespair see hope and despairdesperation see necessitydestiny see fate and fatalismdestruction it is easier to PULL down than to build up don’t THROW the baby out with the bathwaterdiet see food and drink; healthdifficulties see misfortune; trouble

diligence where BEES are, there is honey the BUSIEST men have the most leisure DILIGENCE is the mother of good luck the EARLY bird catches the worm EARLY to bed and early to rise.. GENIUS is an infinite capacity for taking pains PRACTICE makes perfect there is no ROYAL road to learning SEEK and ye shall finddisappointment BLESSED is he who expects nothing.. HOPE is a good breakfast but a bad supper JAM tomorrow and jam yesterday.. he who LIVES in hope dances to an ill tune there’s MANY a slip between cup and lipdiscipline when the CAT’S away, the mice will play who won’t be RULED by the rudder must be ruled by the rock SPARE the rod and spoil the childdiscretion see also caution DISCRETION is the better part of valour he who FIGHTS and runs away.. LEAST said, soonest mended SEE no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil a SHUT mouth catches no flies THINK first and speak afterwards THREE may keep a secret, if two of them are dead one does not WASH one’s dirty linen in publicdishonesty see under honesty and dishonestydissimilarity see similarity and dissimilaritydivision see unity and division

doctors an APPLE a day keeps the doctor away the best DOCTORS are Dr Diet.. LAUGHTER is the best medicine PHYSICIAN, heal thyselfdreams DREAM of a funeral.. DREAMS go by contraries MORNING dreams come truedress ne’er CAST a clout till May be out CLOTHES make the man FINE feathers make fine birds NINE tailors make a mandrink see under food and drinkdrunkenness he who DRINKS beer, thinks beer there is TRUTH in wine when the WINE is in, the wit is outeavesdroppers FIELDS have eyes.. LISTENERS never hear any good of themselves LITTLE pitchers have large ears WALLS have earseconomy, false see meannesseducation see learning; nature and nurtureefficiency and inefficiency a BAD workman blames his tools never send a BOY to do a man’s job

two BOYS are half a boy.. the BUSIEST men have the most leisure he who CAN does.. it doesn’t matter if a CAT is black or white . . a CAT in gloves catches no mice the EARLY bird catches the worm HORSES for courses IDLE people have the least leisure KEEP no more cats than will catch mice KEEP your shop and your shop will keep you what MATTERS is what works never PUT off till tomorrow what you can do today if you can’t RIDE two horses at once.. if you would be well SERVED, serve yourself a SHORT horse is soon curried the SOONER begun, the sooner done SPEAK softly and carry a big stick TIME is money he TRAVELS fastest who travels alone if you WANT a thing done well, do it yourself if you WANT something done, ask a busy person WORK expands so as to fill the time availableemployers and employees the EYE of a master does more work.. JACK is as good as his master why KEEP a dog and bark yourself? a KING’S chaff is worth more than other men’s corn the LABOURER is worthy of his hire like MASTER, like man NO man can serve two masters NO man is a hero to his valet PAY beforehand was never well served if you PAY peanuts, you get monkeysends see beginnings and endings; finalityenemies if you can’t BEAT them, join them it is good to make a BRIDGE of gold.. DIAMOND cuts diamond the ENEMY of my enemy is my friend

when GREEK meets Greek, then comes the tug of war there is no LITTLE enemyEnglishness see national characteristicsentertaining see hospitalityenvironment when the LAST tree is cut down.. THINK global, act localenvy see content and discontent; maliceequality when ADAM delved and Eve span.. a CAT may look at a king DOGS look up to you.. JACK is as good as his master the RICH man has his ice in the summer..error he who is ABSENT is always in the wrong if ANYTHING can go wrong, it will a FAULT confessed is half redressed GARBAGE in, garbage out HOMER sometimes nods there’s MANY a slip between cup and lip a MISS is as good as a mile if you don’t make MISTAKES you don’t make anythingevil see under good and evilexample, good and bad EVIL communications corrupt good manners EXAMPLE is better than precept an OUNCE of practice is worth a pound of precept one PICTURE is worth ten thousand words every PICTURE tells a story

the ROTTEN apple injures its neighbours he that TOUCHES pitch shall be defiledexception see under rules, generalexcess the LAST drop makes the cup run over it is the LAST straw that breaks the camel’s back you can have TOO much of a good thingexcuses a BAD excuse is better than none he who EXCUSES, accuses himself FINGERS were made before forks IGNORANCE of the law is no excuse.. it is easy to find a STICK to beat a dogexercise see under healthexpectation see also disappointment; hope and despair it is BETTER to travel hopefully.. don’t CRY before you’re hurt while the GRASS grows, the steed starves it’s ILL waiting for dead men’s shoesexpense see under getting and spendingexperience the man who has once been BITTEN by the snake . . a BURNT child dreads the fire you cannot CATCH old birds with chaff EXPERIENCE is the best teacher EXPERIENCE is the father of wisdom EXPERIENCE keeps a dear school the same FIRE that melts the butter hardens the egg the FROG in the well knows nothing of the sea LIVE and learn they that LIVE longest, see most ONCE bitten, twice shy

TRAVEL broadens the mindextravagance see under getting and spendingfair dealing give CREDIT where credit is due a fair EXCHANGE is no robbery all’s FAIR in love and war FAIR play’s a jewel GIVE and take is fair play GIVE the Devil his due be JUST before you’re generous never give a SUCKER an even break TURN about is fair play there are TWO sides to every questionfaith FAITH will move mountains put your TRUST in God..faithfulness see under constancy and inconstancyfame and obscurity BRAVE men lived before Agamemnon until the LIONS produce their own historian.. MORE people know Tom Fool..familiarity BETTER the devil you know.. BETTER wed over the mixen.. EAST is east, and west is west FAMILIARITY breeds contempt you should KNOW a man seven years before you stir his fire come LIVE with me and you’ll know me NO man is a hero to his valet there is NOTHING new under the sun a PROPHET is not without honour..family see also children and parents

the APPLE never falls far from the tree BETTER a good COW.. BLOOD is thicker than water BLOOD will tell what’s BRED in the bone.. from CLOGS to clogs is only three generations the FAMILY that prays together stays together it takes three GENERATIONS to make a gentleman KEEP your own fish-guts for your own sea-maws from SHIRTSLEEVES to shirtsleeves in three generations the SHOEMAKER’S son always goes barefootfashion see innovation; noveltyfate and fatalism if you’re BORN to be hanged.. every BULLET has its billet one DAY honey, one day onion you can only DIE once every ELM has its man whom the GODS would destroy, they first make mad what GOES around comes around HANGING and wiving go by destiny MAN proposes, God disposes MANY are called but few are chosen what MUST be, must be as a TREE falls, so shall it lie what goes UP must come downfickleness see under constancy and inconstancyfiction see reality and illusionfighting see warfarefinality ALL good things must come to an end the END crowns the work EVERYTHING has an end the OPERA isn’t over till the fat lady sings

there is a REMEDY for everything except death STONE-dead hath no fellow finds see under gains and losses folly see fools; stupidityfood and drink see also health; hunger an APPLE-PIE without some cheese.. an ARMY marches on its stomach BETTER a dinner of herbs.. a BIRD never flew on one wing he who DRINKS beer, thinks beer you are what you EAT EAT to live, not live to eat ENOUGH is as good as a feast GOD sends meat, but the Devil sends cooks HUNGER is the best sauce MAN cannot live by bread alone MEAT and mass never hindered man the WAY to a man’s heart is through his stomachfools see also stupidity CHILDREN and fools tell the truth a FOOL may give a wise man counsel FOOLS and bairns should never see half-done work FOOLS ask questions that wise men cannot answer FOOLS build houses and wise men live in them FOOLS for luckFOOLS rush in where angels fear to treadFORTUNE favours fools whom the GODS would destroy, they first make mad never give a SUCKER an even break YOUNG folks think old folks to be fools..foresight and hindsight FOREWARNED is forearmed HOPE for the best and prepare for the worst NOTHING is certain but the unforeseen those who PLAY at bowls must look out for rubbers PREVENTION is better than cure

it is too late to shut the STABLE-door after the horse has bolted a STITCH in time saves nine the UNEXPECTED always happens it is easy to be WISE after the eventforgetfulness a BELLOWING COW soon forgets her calf OUT of sight, out of mindforgiveness CHARITY covers a multitude of sins to ERR is human.. to KNOW all is to forgive all OFFENDERS never pardon never let the SUN go down on your angerfortune see good fortune; misfortunefree will and compulsion he that COMPLIES against his will.. you can take a HORSE to the water.. one VOLUNTEER is worth two pressed menfriends see also associates the BEST of friends must part the COMPANY makes the feast the ENEMY of my enemy is my friend a FRIEND in need is a friend indeed you should KNOW a man seven years before you stir his fire LEND your money and lose your friend SAVE us from our friends TWO is company, but three is nonefutility see also possibility and impossibility in vain the NET is spread in the sight of the bird it is too late to shut the STABLE-door after the horse has bolted a STERN chase is a long chase SUE a beggar and catch a louse

future COMING events cast their shadows before he that FOLLOWS freits, freits will follow him LONG foretold, long last.. NEVER is a long time NEVER say never TIME will tell TODAY you; tomorrow me TOMORROW is another day TOMORROW never comesgains and losses see also winners and losers BLESSINGS brighten as they take their flight FINDERS keepers.. FINDINGS keepings all is FISH that comes to the net all is GRIST that comes to the mill what you’ve never HAD you never miss one man’s LOSS is another man’s gain there’s no great LOSS without some gain SAFE bind, safe find a SLICE off a cut loaf isn’t missed if you don’t SPECULATE, you can’t accumulategarden lore see also weather lore CANDLEMAS day, put beans in the clay.. a CHERRY year, a merry year.. if you would be HAPPY for a week take a wife . . ONE for the mouse, one for the crow.. ONE year’s seeding makes seven years’ weeding PARSLEY seed goes nine times to the Devil sow dry and set wetgentleness EASY does it FAIR and softly goes far in a day With a SWEET tongue and kindness..gentry when ADAM delved.. it takes three GENERATIONS to make a gentleman

getting and spending see also money; thrift EASY come, easy go what is GOT over the Devil’s back is spent under his belly LIGHT come, light go QUICKLY come, quickly go SPARE at the spigot.. what you SPEND, you have a WOMAN and a ship ever want mendinggiving and receiving it is BETTER to give than to receive FEAR the Greeks bearing gifts never look a GIFT horse in the mouth GIVE a thing, and take a thing.. he GIVES twice who gives quicklygood and evil never BID the Devil good morrow.. the DEVIL can quote Scripture for his own ends why should the DEVIL have all the best tunes? the DEVIL is not so black.. EVIL communications corrupt good manners never do EVIL that good may come of it EVIL doers are evil dreaders EVIL to him who evil thinks where GOD builds a church, the Devil will build a chapel the GOOD die young GOOD men are scarce the GREATER the sinner, the greater the saint IDLENESS is the root of all evil ILL weeds grow apace MONEY is the root of all evil NOTHING so bad but it might have been worse it is easier to RAISE the Devil than to lay him no ROSE without a thorn SEE no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil SUFFICIENT unto the day is the evil thereof TWO blacks don’t make a white TWO wrongs don’t make a right YOUNG saint, old devilgood fortune see also blessings

set a BEGGAR on horseback.. the DEVIL looks after his own FULL cup, steady hand call no man HAPPY till he dies a RISING tide lifts all boats TAKE the goods the gods provide all’s WELL that ends wellgood things ALL good things must come to an end the BEST is the enemy of the good the BEST things in life are free the GOOD is the enemy of the best one STORY is good till another is told you can have TOO much of a good thinggovernment see politics; rulers and ruledgratitude and ingratitude feed a DOG for three days.. never look a GIFT horse in the mouth you never MISS the water till the well runs dry do not throw PEARLS to swinegreat and small the BEST things come in small packages BIG fish eat little fish BIG fleas have little fleas.. the BIGGER they are.. the DEVIL is in the details DOGS bark, but the caravan goes on EAGLES don’t catch flies EVERY little helps GREAT oaks from little acorns grow LITTLE fish are sweet LITTLE leaks sink the ship a LITTLE pot is soon hot LITTLE strokes fell great oaks LITTLE thieves are hanged.. LITTLE things please little minds a LIVE dog is better than a dead lion

MANY a little makes a mickle MANY a mickle makes a muckle the MOTHER of mischief is no bigger than a midge’s wing a MOUSE may help a lion PROVIDENCE is always on the side of the big battalions you cannot get a QUART into a pint pot a REED before the wind lives on.. SMALL is beautiful when SPIDER webs unite, they can tie up a lion from the SUBLIME to the ridiculous is only a step the SUN loses nothing by shining into a puddle THINK global, act local for WANT of a nail the shoe was lost..greed the MORE you get, the more you want MUCH would have more the SEA refuses no riverguile see also deception a CLEVER hawk hides its claws an old POACHER makes the best gamekeeper SOFTLY, softly, catchee monkey set a THIEF to catch a thiefguilt see consciencegullibility see under trust and scepticismhabit what’s BRED in the bone.. the DOG returns to its vomit OLD habits die hard you cannot SHIFT an old tree without it dying you can’t TEACH an old dog new trickshappiness if you would be HAPPY for a week take a wife . . call no man HAPPY till he dies MONEY can’t buy happiness

it is a POOR heart that never rejoicesharmony and disharmony BIRDS in their little nests agree a DEAF husband and a blind wife.. EAST is east, and west is west GOOD fences make good neighbours GREAT minds think alikehaste HASTE is from the Devil more HASTE, less speed HASTE makes waste make HASTE slowly MARRY in haste and repent at leisure NOTHING should be done in haste but gripping a flea it is the PACE that kills ROME was not built in a dayhatred see malicehealth AFTER dinner rest a while.. an APPLE a day keeps the doctor away the best DOCTORS are Dr Diet.. EARLY to bed and early to rise.. we must EAT a peck of dirt before we die FEED a cold and starve a fever one HOUR’S sleep before midnight is worth two after LAUGHTER is the best medicine there is NOTHING so good for the inside of a man . . SIX hours’ sleep for a man..help see assistance; reciprocityheredity see familyhindsight see under foresight and hindsight

hints a NOD’S as good as a wink.. STRAWS tell which way the wind blows a WORD to the wise is enoughhistory see also past happy is the COUNTRY which has no history HISTORY repeats itself until the LIONS produce their own historian..holidays see recreationhome CHARITY begins at home every COCK will crow upon his own dunghill EAST, west, home’s best an ENGLISHMAN’S house is his castle FOOLS build houses and wise men live in them GO abroad and you’ll hear news of home HOME is home though it’s never so homely HOME is where the heart is there’s no PLACE like home a WOMAN’S place is in the homehonesty and dishonesty the DEVIL makes his Christmas pies of lawyers’ tongues.. HONESTY is the best policy the more LAWS, the more thieves and bandits OPPORTUNITY makes a thief it’s a SIN to steal a pin when THIEVES fall out, honest men come by their ownhonour an ENGLISHMAN’S word is his bond there is HONOUR among thieves the post of HONOUR is the post of danger where MACGREGOR sits is the head of the table a PROPHET is not without honour..hope and despair see also disappointment; optimism

be CAREFUL what you pray for, you might get it the DARKEST hour is just before the dawn whosoever DRAWS his sword against the prince .. a DROWNING man will clutch at a straw HOPE deferred makes the heart sick HOPE is a good breakfast but a bad supper HOPE springs eternal if it were not for HOPE, the heart would break he who LIVES in hope dances to an ill tunehorse lore a GOOD horse cannot be of a bad colour NO foot, no horse one WHITE foot, buy him..hospitality the COMPANY makes the feast FISH and guests smell after three days it is MERRY in hall when beards wag all the MORE the merrierhouses see homehuman nature see also nature and nurture an APE’S an ape, a varlet’s a varlet.. BEAUTY is only skin-deep the BEST of men are but men at best BETTER a good COW.. BIRDS of a feather flock together BOYS will be boys what’s BRED in the bone.. a CARPENTER is known by his chips the CHILD is the father to the man the DOG returns to its vomit what can you EXPECT from a pig but a grunt? EXTREMES meet the HIGHER the monkey climbs.. KNOW thyself the LEOPARD does not change his spots MAN is the measure of all things

because a MAN is born in a stable.. ONCE a —, always a — a ROLLING stone gathers no moss SCRATCH a Russian and you find a Tartar the STYLE is the man the TREE is known by its fruit as the TWIG is bent, so is the tree inclined YORKSHIRE born and Yorkshire bred.. YOUNG saint, old devilhunger see also food and drink APPETITE comes with eating EMPTY sacks will never stand upright it’s ill speaking between a FULL man and a fasting GOD never sends mouths but He sends meat HUNGER drives the wolf out of the wood HUNGER is the best sauce a HUNGRY man is an angry manhusbands see wives and husbandshypocrisy the DEVIL can quote Scripture for his own ends the DEVIL was sick, the Devil a saint would be . . DO as I say, not as I do FINE words butter no parsnips those who live in GLASS houses..idiosyncrasy there is no ACCOUNTING for tastes it takes ALL sorts to make a world EVERY man to his taste every LAND has its own law one man’s MEAT is another man’s poison so many MEN, so many opinions there’s NOWT so queer as folk there is REASON in the roasting of eggs he that would go to SEA for pleasure.. the STYLE is the man TASTES differ

idleness as good be an ADDLED egg as an idle bird it is as CHEAP sitting as standing the DEVIL finds work for idle hands.. an IDLE brain is the Devil’s workshop IDLE people have the least leisure IDLENESS is the root of all evil if you won’t WORK you shan’t eatignorance there’s none so BLIND.. when the BLIND lead the blind.. in the COUNTRY of the blind.. what the EYE doesn’t see.. the FAT man knoweth not what the lean thinketh FOOLS rush in where angels fear to tread the FROG in the well knows nothing of the sea one HALF of the world does not know how the other half lives where IGNORANCE is bliss.. IGNORANCE of the law is no excuse.. what you don’t KNOW can’t hurt you a LITTLE knowledge is a dangerous thing NOTHING so bold as a blind mare a SLICE off a cut loaf isn’t missedillusion see under reality and illusionillustration one PICTURE is worth ten thousand words every PICTURE tells a storyimitation IMITATION is the sincerest form of flattery what MANCHESTER says today..impatience see patience and impatienceimpossibility see possibility and impossibility

improvement it is NEVER too late to mend NEW brooms sweep clean you can’t put NEW wine in old bottles when THINGS are at the worst they begin to mendinconstancy see under constancy and inconstancyindecision see decision and indecisionindependence GOD is high above, and the tsar is far away every HERRING must hang by its own gill the MOUNTAINS are high, and the emperor is far away he TRAVELS fastest who travels alone every TUB must stand on its own bottomindustriousness see diligenceingratitude see gratitude and ingratitudeinjustice see justice and injusticeinnovation see also change; novelty NEW brooms sweep clean what is NEW cannot be true you can’t put NEW wine in old bottles you can’t TEACH an old dog new tricks don’t THROW out your dirty water.. TIMES change and we with time TURKEY, heresy, hops, and beer came into England all in one yearintentions the BEST-laid schemes.. gang aft agley the ROAD to hell is paved with good intentionsinterference see busybodies

intimacy see familiarityjust deserts see also retribution; revenge good AMERICANS when they die go to Paris none but the BRAVE deserve the fair give CREDIT where credit is due no GOOD deed goes unpunished NO cure, no pay NO penny, no paternoster VIRTUE is its own rewardjustice and injustice see also fair dealing; law and lawyers JUSTICE delayed is justice denied KINGS have long arms one LAW for the rich and another for the poor LITTLE thieves are hanged.. MIGHT is right the MILLS of God grind slowly..justification see under excusesknowledge see learninglateness BETTER late than never it is NEVER too late to learn it is NEVER too late to mend it is too late to shut the STABLE-door after the horse has boltedlaughter see under merrimentlaw and lawyers the DEVIL makes his Christmas pies of lawyers’ tongues.. HARD cases make bad law HOME is home, as the Devil said.. IGNORANCE of the law is no excuse.. no one should be JUDGE in his own cause

one LAW for the rich and another for the poor the more LAWS, the more thieves and bandits a man who is his own LAWYER has a fool for a client SUE a beggar and catch a louselaziness see idlenesslearning when HOUSE and land are gone.. LEARNING is better than house and land a LITTLE knowledge is a dangerous thing it is NEVER too late to learn NEVER too old to learn there is no ROYAL road to learninglending see borrowing and lendinglies see lyinglife ART is long and life is short EAT, drink, and be merry..LIFE begins at fortyLIFE isn’t all beer and skittles while there’s LIFE there’s hope a LIVE dog is better than a dead lion he LIVES long who lives well MAN cannot live by bread aloneloans see borrowing and lendinglong-windedness see under brevity and long-windednesslosers see under winners and losers

loss see under gains and losseslove see also marriage ABSENCE makes the heart grow fonder BEAUTY is in the eye of the beholder BETTER to be an old man’s darling.. COLD hands, warm heart FAINT heart never won fair lady all’s FAIR in love and war JOVE but laughs at lovers’ perjury LOVE and a cough cannot be hid one cannot LOVE and be wise LOVE is blind LOVE laughs at locksmiths LOVE makes the world go round LOVE me little, love me long LOVE me, love my dog LOVE will find a way LUCKY at cards, unlucky in love it is best to be OFF with the old love.. PITY is akin to love PLEASE your eye and plague your heart the QUARREL of lovers is the renewing of lovelove, blighted BETTER to have loved and lost.. the COURSE of true love never did run smooth there are as good FISH in the sea as ever came out of it HELL hath no fury like a woman scorned there is always one who KISSES when POVERTY comes in at the door..love, prosperous when the FURZE is in bloom, my love’s in tune when the GORSE is out of bloom, kissing’s out of fashionluck it is BETTER to be born lucky than rich if you’re BORN to be hanged.. the BREAD never falls..

the DEVIL’S children have the Devil’s luck DILIGENCE is the mother of good luck FOOLS for luck FORTUNE favours fools FORTUNE favours the brave there is LUCK in odd numbers LUCKY at cards, unlucky in love MARRIAGE is a lottery see a PIN and pick it up.. THIRD time luckylying ASK no questions and hear no lies HALF the truth is often a whole lie a LIAR ought to have a good memorymalice BETTER a dinner of herbs.. CURSES, like chickens, come home to roost don’t CUT off your nose to spite your face throw DIRT enough, and some will stick DOGS bark, but the caravan goes on HARD words break no bones HELL hath no fury like a woman scorned there is no LITTLE enemy MISERY loves company STICKS and stones may break my bones . . never let the SUN go down on your anger never tell TALES out of schoolmanners CHILDREN should be seen and not heard CIVILITY costs nothing EVIL communications corrupt good manners FINGERS were made before forks MANNERS maketh manmarriage see also love; weddings; wives and husbands BETTER one house spoiled than two BETTER to marry than to burn BETTER wed over the mixen..

CHANGE the name and not the letter.. why buy a cow when milk is so cheap? a DEAF husband and a blind wife.. DRIVE gently over the stones the GREY mare is the better horse HANGING and wiving go by destiny MARRIAGE is a lottery there goes more to MARRIAGE than four bare legs in a bed MARRIAGES are made in heaven never MARRY for money, but marry where money is MARRY in haste and repent at leisure MARRY in May, rue for aye NEEDLES and pins,.. when a man marries, his trouble begins WEDLOCK is a padlock happy’s the WOOING that is not long a-doing a YOUNG man married is a young man marredmarvels the age of MIRACLES is past WONDERS will never ceasemasters and servants see employers and employeesmeanness PENNY wise and pound foolish do not spoil the SHIP for a ha’porth of tarmeans see ways and meansmen and women see also marriage; wives and husbands a GOOD Jack makes a good Jill every JACK has his Jill a MAN is as old as he feels.. what’s SAUCE for the goose is sauce for the gandermerriment LAUGH and the world laughs with you.. LAUGHTER is the best medicine it is MERRY in hall when beards wag all the MORE the merrier

SING before breakfast, cry before nightmethods see ways and meansmiddle age a FOOL at forty is a fool indeed LIFE begins at fortymischief see good and evil; wrongdoersmisfortune see also trouble ACCIDENTS will happen.. ADVERSITY makes strange bedfellows if ANYTHING can go wrong, it will BAD news travels fast BAD things come in threes the BIGGER they are.. the BLEATING of the kid excites the tiger the BREAD never falls.. CROSSES are ladders that lead to heaven it is no use CRYING over spilt milk it’s an ILL wind that blows nobody any good LIGHTNING never strikes the same place twice MAY chickens come cheeping do not MEET troubles halfway MISERY loves company MISFORTUNES never come singly NO cross, no crown the PITCHER will go to the well once too often it never RAINS but it pours help you to SALT, help you to sorrow the SHARPER the storm, the sooner it’s over many go out for WOOL and come home shornmistakes see errormoderation ENOUGH is enough the HALF is better than the whole LESS is more

there is MEASURE in all things MODERATION in all thingsmoney see also getting and spending; just deserts BAD money drives out good the BEST things in life are free a FOOL and his money are soon parted you cannot serve GOD and Mammon GOLD may be bought too dear a GOLDEN key can open any door KEEP your shop and your shop will keep you the LABOURER is worthy of his hire when the LAST tree is cut down,.. you will realize that you cannot eat money never MARRY for money, but marry where money is MONEY can’t buy happiness MONEY has no smell MONEY isn’t everything MONEY is power MONEY is the root of all evil MONEY, like manure, does no good till it is spread MONEY makes a man MONEY makes money MONEY makes the mare to go MONEY talks where there’s MUCK there’s brass he that cannot PAY, let him pray if you PAY peanuts, you get monkeys he who PAYS the piper calls the tune you PAYS your money and you takes your choice take care of the PENCE.. SHROUDS have no pockets SPEAK not of my debts unless you mean to pay themmortality ART is long and life is short a CREAKING door hangs longest we must EAT a peck of dirt before we die THREATENED men live longmurder see violencenational characteristics

ENGLAND is the paradise of women.. the ENGLISH are a nation of shopkeepers one ENGLISHMAN can beat three Frenchmen an ENGLISHMAN’S house is his castle an ENGLISHMAN’S word is his bond the only GOOD Indian is a dead Indian when GREEK meets Greek.. every LAND has its own law a NATION without a language is a nation without a heart SCRATCH a Russian and you find a TartarNature you can DRIVE out Nature with a pitchfork . . GOD made the country, and man made the town NATURE abhors a vacuum SELF-preservation is the first law of naturenature and nurture see also human nature an APE’S an ape, a varlet’s a varlet.. the APPLE never falls far from the tree you can take the BOY out of the country.. as the TWIG is bent, so is the tree inclinednecessity see also pragmatism ANY port in a storm BEGGARS can’t be choosers DESPERATE diseases must have desperate remedies DIRTY water will quench fire when all FRUIT fails, welcome haws when all you have is a HAMMER.. HUNGER drives the wolf out of the wood MAN’S extremity is God’s opportunity if the MOUNTAIN will not come to Mahomet.. NECESSITY is the mother of invention NECESSITY knows no law NEEDS must when the Devil drives beware of an OAK, it draws the stroke.. who SAYS A must say B SMALL choice in rotten apples YOUNG men may die, but old men must die

neighbours GOOD fences make good neighbours what a NEIGHBOUR gets is not lostnews BAD news travels fast GO abroad and you’ll hear news of home NO news is good newsnovelty BETTER be out of the world.. FAR-FETCHED and dear-bought is good for ladies there is always something NEW out of Africa there is NOTHING new under the sun one STORY is good till another is told VARIETY is the spice of lifeobedience the FIRST duty of a soldier is obedience he that cannot OBEY cannot command OBEY orders if you break ownersobscurity see fame and obscurityobservation FOUR eyes see more than two LOOKERS-ON see most of the gameobstinacy little BIRDS that can sing and won’t sing.. there’s none so BLIND.. he that will to CUPAR maun to Cupar there’s none so DEAF.. if the MOUNTAIN will not come to Mahomet.. SUSSEX won’t be druv a WILFUL man must have his wayold age

BETTER to wear out than to rust out a CREAKING door hangs longest there’s no FOOL like an old fool when all FRUIT fails, welcome haws the GODS send nuts to those who have no teeth there’s many a GOOD tune played on an old fiddle they that LIVE longest, see most a MAN is as old as he feels.. NEVER too old to learn OLD soldiers never die you cannot SHIFT an old tree without it dying you can’t TEACH an old dog new tricks YOUNG folks think old folks to be fools.. YOUNG men may die, but old men must die if YOUTH knew, if age couldomens see also superstition he that FOLLOWS freits, freits will follow him ONE for sorrow, two for mirth.. STRAWS tell which way the wind blows one SWALLOW does not make a summeropinions what MANCHESTER says today.. so many MEN, so many opinions THOUGHT is freeopportunity EAT, drink, and be merry.. ENGLAND’S difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity all is FISH that comes to the net all is GRIST that comes to the mill MAN’S extremity is God’s opportunity when ONE door shuts, another opens OPPORTUNITY never knocks twice.. STRIKE while the iron is hot TAKE the goods the gods provide there is a TIME and place for everything TIME and tide wait for no man there is a TIME for everything no TIME like the present YOUTH must be served

opportunity, missed a BLEATING sheep loses a bite the GODS send nuts to those who have no teeth the MILL cannot grind with the water that is past he that WILL not when he may, when he will he shall have nayopportunity, taken ADVENTURES are to the adventurous when the CAT’S away, the mice will play every DOG has his day when the GOING gets tough, the tough get going MAKE hay while the sun shines NATURE abhors a vacuum OPPORTUNITY makes a thief a POSTERN door makes a thief when TWO dogs are fighting for a bone..opposites EAST is east, and west is west EXTREMES meet from the SWEETEST wine, the tartest vinegaroptimism all’s for the BEST.. it is BETTER to travel hopefully.. every CLOUD has a silver lining don’t COUNT your chickens.. while there’s LIFE there’s hope NOTHING so bad but it might have been worse don’t SELL the skin till you have caught the bear when THINGS are at the worst they begin to mend if you can WALK you can dance..orderliness FIRST come, first served FIRST things first a PLACE for everything, and everything in its place there is a TIME and place for everythingorigins the APPLE never falls far from the tree

you can take the BOY out of the country.. because a MAN is born in a stable..past see also history it is no use CRYING over spilt milk what’s DONE cannot be undone the MILL cannot grind with the water that is past OLD sins cast long shadows OTHER times, other manners things PAST cannot be recalledpatience and impatience ALL things come to those who wait BEAR and forbear what can’t be CURED must be endured HASTE is from the Devil more HASTE, less speed HASTE makes waste make HASTE slowly HURRY no man’s cattle the LONGEST way round is the shortest way home there is LUCK in leisure NOTHING should be done in haste but gripping a flea PATIENCE is a virtue don’t PUT the cart before the horse REVENGE is a dish that can be eaten cold ROME was not built in a day if you SIT by the river for long enough.. SLOW and steady wins the race SLOW but sureSOFTLY, softly, catchee monkey one STEP at a time we must learn to WALK before we can run a WATCHED pot never boilspeaceAFTER a storm comes a calm if you want PEACE, you must prepare for war

peril don’t HALLOO till you are out of the wood the post of HONOUR is the post of danger if you PLAY with fire you get burnt he who RIDES a tiger is afraid to dismount he who SUPS with the Devil should have a long spoon THREATENED men live longperseverance see also persistence be the DAY weary or be the day long.. it’s DOGGED as does itFALL down seven times.. IN for a penny, in for a pound it is a LONG lane that has no turning put a STOUT heart to a stey brae if at first you don’t SUCCEED.. it is idle to SWALLOW the cow.. the THIRD time pays for allpersistence see also perseverance CONSTANT dropping wears away a stone you can DRIVE out Nature with a pitchfork . . ONCE a —, always a — the PITCHER will go to the well once too often a STERN chase is a long chase the TONGUE always returns to the sore tooth where there’s a WILL, there’s a waypersuasion see tactpity BETTER be envied than pitied PITY is akin to lovepoliteness a CIVIL question deserves a civil answer CIVILITY costs nothing HONEY catches more flies than vinegar

PUNCTUALITY is the politeness of princespolitics ENGLAND’S difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity when the GOING gets tough, the tough get going if you don’t like the HEAT, get out of the kitchen POLITICS makes strange bedfellows REVOLUTIONS are not made with rose-water the VOICE of the people is the voice of Godpossessions see propertypossibility and impossibility ALL things are possible with God you cannot get BLOOD from a stone you cannot make BRICKS without straw the DIFFICULT is done at once.. you cannot HAVE your cake and eat it whatever MAN has done, man may do you cannot get a QUART into a pint pot you can’t make a SILK purse out of a sow’s ear if the SKY falls we shall catch larks a SOW may whistle, though it has an ill mouth for it if you can WALK you can dance..poverty ADVERSITY makes strange bedfellows BEGGARS can’t be choosers from CLOGS to clogs is only three generations CUT your coat according to your cloth EMPTY sacks will never stand upright a MONEYLESS man goes fast through the market he that cannot PAY, let him pray when POVERTY comes in at the door.. POVERTY is no disgrace.. POVERTY is not a crime the RICH man has his ice in the summer.. from SHIRTSLEEVES to shirtsleeves in three generations STRETCH your arm no further than your sleeve will reach many go out for WOOL and come home shorn

power DIVIDE and rule GOD is high above, and the tsar is far away KINGS have long arms KNOWLEDGE is power MIGHT is right MONEY is power MONEY talks the MOUNTAINS are high, and the emperor is far away POWER corrupts SPEAK softly and carry a big stick the VOICE of the people is the voice of Godpragmatism see also necessity the BEST of men are but men at best it doesn’t matter if a CAT is black or white . . if you have to LIVE in the river, it is best to be friends with the crocodile you cannot make an OMELETTE without breaking eggspride set a BEGGAR on horseback.. where MACGREGOR sits is the head of the table the NAIL that sticks up gets hammered down PRIDE feels no pain PRIDE goes before a fall up like a ROCKET..procrastination DELAYS are dangerous there is LUCK in leisure PROCRASTINATION is the thief of time never PUT off till tomorrow what you can do today TOMORROW never comesprofessions see trades and skillsproperty you BUY land, you buy stones.. what you HAVE, hold when HOUSE and land are gone.. LEARNING is better than house and land POSSESSION is nine points of the law

prosperity see good fortuneprovidence GOD helps them that help themselves GOD makes the back to the burden GOD never sends mouths but He sends meat GOD tempers the wind to the shorn lamb HEAVEN protects children, sailors, and drunken men MAN proposes, God disposes PROVIDENCE is always on the side of the big battalions TRUST in God but tie your camelprudence see also caution; thrift it is BEST to be on the safe side BETTER be safe than sorry a BIRD in the hand.. DISCRETION is the better part of valour don’t put all your EGGS in one basket FOREWARNED is forearmed FULL cup, steady hand one HAND for yourself and one for the ship when you are in a HOLE, stop digging JOUK and let the jaw go by if you want PEACE, you must prepare for war PREVENTION is better than cure it is easier to RAISE the Devil.. SECOND thoughts are best it is ill SITTING at Rome and striving with the Pope a STITCH in time saves nine STRETCH your arm no further than your sleeve will reach everyone STRETCHES his legs according to the length of his coverlet don’t THROW out your dirty water.. don’t THROW the baby out with the bathwater put your TRUST in God, and keep your powder dry don’t go near the WATER until you learn how to swimpublic opinion see also reputation COMMON fame is seldom to blame what EVERYBODY says must be true what MANCHESTER says today..

no SMOKE without fire everyone SPEAKS well of the bridge which carries him overpublic relations GOOD wine needs no bush you can’t PLEASE everyone any PUBLICITY is good publicitypunctuality FIRST up, best dressed PUNCTUALITY is the politeness of princes PUNCTUALITY is the soul of business SHORT reckonings make long friendsquarrelsomeness it’s ill speaking between a FULL man and a fasting a HOUSE divided cannot stand TWO of a trade never agree it takes TWO to make a quarrelrain see under weather lorereality and illusionFACT is stranger than fictionFACTS are stubborn things the PROOF of the pudding is in the eating if it SOUNDS too good to be true... TRUTH is stranger than fictionreciprocity DO as you would be done by DO unto others as you would they should do unto you DOG does not eat dog there’s no such thing as a FREE lunch one GOOD turn deserves another one HAND washes the other

HAWKS will not pick out hawks’ eyes JUDGE not, that ye be not judged LOVE begets love NOTHING comes of nothing NOTHING for nothing you SCRATCH my back, I’ll scratch yours you don’t get SOMETHING for nothingrecreation a CHANGE is as good as a rest he that would go to SEA for pleasure.. all WORK and no play makes Jack a dull boyregrets MARRY in haste, repent at leisure MARRY in May, rue for aye things PAST cannot be recalled it is too late to shut the STABLE-door after the horse has boltedreputation if the CAP fits, wear it the DEVIL is not so black.. give a DOG a bad name and hang him every DOG is allowed one bite the only GOOD Indian is a dead Indian GOOD wine needs no bush he that has an ILL name is half hanged if the SHOE fits, wear it SPEAK as you find never SPEAK ill of the dead one man may STEAL a horse, while another may not look over a hedgeretribution CURSES, like chickens, come home to roost what GOES around comes around ILL gotten goods never thrive he who LIVES by the sword dies by the sword the MILLS of God grind slowly.. PRIDE goes before a fall WINTER never rots in the sky even a WORM will turn

revenge BLOOD will have blood don’t CUT off your nose to spite your face DEAD men don’t bite DEAD men tell no tales he LAUGHS best who laughs last he who LAUGHS last, laughs longest don’t get MAD, get even REVENGE is a dish that can be eaten cold REVENGE is sweet if you SIT by the river for long enough..rewards see just deserts; moneyriches see also money it is BETTER to be born lucky than rich EARLY to bed and early to rise.. the MORE you get, the more you want MUCH would have more the RICH man has his ice in the summer.. if you don’t SPECULATE, you can’t accumulaterisk see also caution ADVENTURES are to the adventurous a BIRD in the hand.. one might as well be HANGED for a sheep as a lamb IN for a penny, in for a pound if you don’t make MISTAKES you don’t make anything NOTHING venture, nothing gain NOTHING venture, nothing have if you don’t SPECULATE, you can’t accumulaterules, general the EXCEPTION proves the rule there is an EXCEPTION to every rule HARD cases make bad laws RULES are made to be brokenrulers and ruled BETTER a century of tyranny than one day of chaos

when the BLIND lead the blind.. the CAT, the rat, and Lovell the dog.. in the COUNTRY of the blind.. DIVIDE and rule whosoever DRAWS his sword against the prince . . the FISH always stinks from the head downwards GOD is high above, and the tsar is far away the KING can do no wrong the MOUNTAINS are high, and the emperor is far away he that cannot OBEY cannot command REVOLUTIONS are not made with rose-water the VOICE of the people is the voice of Godrumour BELIEVE nothing of what you hear.. a LIE is halfway round the world.. no SMOKE without fire what the SOLDIER said isn’t evidence a TALE never loses in the tellingsafety see securityseasons see calendar lore; weather loresecrecy see concealmentsecurity it is BEST to be on the safe side BETTER be safe than sorry one HAND for yourself and one for the ship beware of an OAK.. OUT of debt, out of dangerSAFE bind, safe find there is SAFETY in numbersself-help EVERY man is the architect of his own fortune GOD helps them that help themselves

PHYSICIAN, heal thyself if you would be well SERVED, serve yourself TRUST in God but tie your camel put your TRUST in God.. if you WANT a thing done well..self-interest see self-help; self-preservationself-preservation if you can’t BEAT them, join them it is BEST to be on the safe side BETTER be safe than sorry DEVIL take the hindmost EVERY man for himself EVERY man for himself, and devil take the hindmost EVERY man for himself, and God for us all those who live in GLASS houses.. HEAR all, see all, say nowt.. JOUK and let the jaw go by NEAR is my kirtle, but nearer is my smock NEAR is my shirt, but nearer is my skin SELF-preservation is the first law of natureseparation see absenceservants see employers and employeessilence see speech and silencesimilarity and dissimilarity BIRDS of a feather flock together all CATS are grey in the dark COMPARISONS are odious DIAMOND cuts diamond like FATHER, like son FIGHT fire with fire when GREEK meets Greek, then comes the tug of war LIKE breeds like LIKE will to like like MOTHER, like daughter like PEOPLE, like priest

it TAKES one to know one TWO of a trade never agreeslander see also malice; rumour throw DIRT enough, and some will stick give a DOG a bad name and hang him a DOG that will fetch a bone.. those who live in GLASS houses.. the GREATER the truth, the greater the libel never SPEAK ill of the deadsleep see healthsmallness see great and smallsociety a CAT may look at a king DO as you would be done by DO unto others as you would they should do unto you EVERYBODY loves a lord one HALF of the world does not know how the other half lives if every man would SWEEP his own doorstep . . it takes a whole VILLAGE to bring up a childsoldiers an ARMY marches on its stomach the FIRST duty of a soldier is obedience OLD soldiers never die what the SOLDIER said isn’t evidencespeech and silence little BIRDS that can sing and won’t sing.. a BLEATING sheep loses a bite out of the FULLNESS of the heart.. who KNOWS most, speaks least LEAST said, soonest mended NO names, no pack-drill NO news is good news a SHUT mouth catches no flies SILENCE is a woman’s best garment

SILENCE is golden SILENCE means consent SPEECH is silver, but silence is golden a STILL tongue makes a wise head STILL waters run deepspending see getting and spendingstaying power see perseverance; persistencestrength and weakness the CARIBOU feeds the wolf.. a CHAIN is no stronger.. when ELEPHANTS fight, it is the grass that suffers there is nothing like LEATHER a REED before the wind lives on.. when SPIDER webs unite, they can tie up a lion UNION is strength the WEAKEST go to the wallstress CARE killed the cat when the GOING gets tough, the tough get going if you don’t like the HEAT, get out of the kitchen it is the PACE that kills if you can’t RIDE two horses at once.. do not call a WOLF to help you against the dogs it is not WORK that kills, but worrystupidity ASK a silly question and you get a silly answer a FOOL and his money are soon parted a FOOL at forty is a fool indeed there’s no FOOL like an old fool PENNY wise and pound foolishsuccess every DOG has his day let them LAUGH that win NOTHING succeeds like success

the RACE is not to the swift.. if at first you don’t SUCCED.. SUCCESS has many fathers, but failure is an orphansuperstition see also dreams; omens BAD things come in threes CHANGE the name and not the letter .. if you want to LIVE and thrive, let the spider run alive there is LUCK in odd numbers PARSLEY seed goes nine times to the Devil help you to SALT, help you to sorrow SWEEP the house with broom in May.. THIRD time lucky the THIRD time pays for alltact DIFFERENT strokes for different folks DRIVE gently over the stones EASY does it FAIR and softly goes far in a day LEAST said, soonest mended a NOD’S as good as a wink .. never mention ROPE in the house of a man who has been hanged a SOFT answer turneth away wrath SPEAK not of my debts unless you mean to pay them with a SWEET tongue and kindness.. THINK first and speak afterwardstalkativeness see speech and silence; words and deedstaste there is no ACCOUNTING for tastes BEAUTY is in the eye of the beholder EVERY man to his taste FAR-FETCHED and dear-bought is good for ladies one man’s MEAT is another man’s poison TASTES differteamwork see co-operationtheft it’s a SIN to steal a pin

STOLEN fruit is sweet STOLEN waters are sweetthrift CUT your coat according to your cloth KEEP a thing seven years.. OUT of debt, out of danger take care of the PENCE.. a PENNY saved is a penny earned PENNY wise and pound foolish see a PIN and pick it up.. SPARE well and have to spend THRIFT is a great revenue WASTE not, want nottidiness see orderlinesstime there is a TIME and place for everything TIME and tide wait for no man TIME flies there is a TIME for everything TIME is a great healer TIME is money man fears TIME, but time fears the pyramids no TIME like the present TIME will tell TIME works wonders TIMES change and we with timetolerance it takes ALL sorts to make a world BEAR and forbear GIVE and take is fair play JUDGE not, that ye be not judged to KNOW all is to forgive all LIVE and let livetrades and skills let the COBBLER stick to his last the COBBLER to his last.. EVERY man to his trade

JACK of all trades and master of none there are TRICKS in every trade TWO of a trade never agreetravel it is BETTER to travel hopefully GO abroad and you’ll hear news of home TRAVEL broadens the mind he TRAVELS fastest who travels alonetrouble see also misfortune AFTER a storm comes a calm ANY port in a storm don’t CARE was made to care don’t CROSS the bridge.. what the EYE doesn’t see.. GOD makes the back to the burden GOD tempers the wind to the shorn lamb don’t HALLOO till you are out of the wood when you are in a HOLE, stop digging the MOTHER of mischief is no bigger than a midge’s wing those who PLAY at bowls must look out for rubbers if you’re not part of the SOLUTION, you’re part of the problem the SQUEAKING wheel gets the grease a TROUBLE shared is a trouble halved never TROUBLE trouble till trouble troubles youtrust and scepticism BELIEVE nothing of what you hear.. SEEING is believing THREE things are not be trusted ..truth see also reality and illusion CHILDREN and fools tell the truth what EVERYBODY says must be true the GREATER the truth, the greater the libel a LIE is halfway round the world .. what is NEW cannot be true what the SOLDIER said isn’t evidence TELL the truth and shame the Devil many a TRUE word is spoken in jest there is TRUTH in wine TRUTH is the first casualty of war

TRUTH lies at the bottom of a well TRUTH makes the Devil blush TRUTH will outuncertainty see certainty and uncertaintyunity and division a HOUSE divided cannot stand when SPIDER webs unite, they can tie up a lion UNION is strength UNITED we stand, divided we fallvalue the nearer the BONE, the sweeter the meat GOLD may be bought too dear a KING’S chaff is worth more than other men’s corn it is a POOR dog that’s not worth whistling for the WORTH of a thing is what it will bringvariety it takes ALL sorts to make a world VARIETY is the spice of lifevillainy see wrong-doersviolence BLOOD will have blood when ELEPHANTS fight, it is the grass that suffers KILLING no murder MURDER will outvirtue the BEST of men are but men at best to the PURE all things are pure VIRTUE is its own rewardwanting and having see also greed APPETITE comes with eating the BEST-laid schemes .. gang aft agley

the CAT would eat fish .. he that would EAT the fruit must climb the tree if IFS and ands were pots and pans.. NO pain, no gain NOTHING venture, nothing gain NOTHING venture, nothing have if you RUN after two hares you will catch neither SEEK and ye shall find the WISH is father to the thought if WISHES were horses, beggars would ridewarfare ATTACK is the best form of defence COUNCILS of war never fight the best DEFENSE is a good offense all’s FAIR in love and war TRUTH is the first casualty of warwaste HASTE makes waste do not throw PEARLS to swine SPARE at the spigot, and let out at the bung-hole WASTE not, want not WILFUL waste makes woeful wantways and means DIFFERENT strokes for different folks DIRTY water will quench fire EASY does it never do EVIL that good may come of it FIGHT fire with fire he who FIGHTS and runs away.. FIRE is a good servant but a bad master FIRST catch your hare when all you have is a HAMMER.. the LONGEST way round is the shortest way home you cannot make an OMELETTE without breaking eggs ONE size does not fit all don’t PUT the cart before the horse REVOLUTIONS are not made with rose-water all ROADS lead to Rome give a man ROPE enough and he will hang himself there is no ROYAL road to learning SLOW and steady wins the race

SLOW but sure SOFTLY, softly, catchee monkey there is more than one WAY to skin a cat there are more WAYS of killing a cat than choking it with cream there are more WAYS of killing a dog than choking it with butter there are more WAYS of killing a dog than hanging it where there’s a WILL, there’s a way he who WILLS the end, wills the meansweakness see strength and weaknesswealth see richesweather lore see also calendar lore APRIL showers bring forth May flowers there is no such thing as BAD weather.. if CANDLEMAS day be sunny and bright.. as the DAY lengthens, so the cold strengthens a DRIPPING June sets all in tune if in FEBRUARY there be no rain .. a GREEN Yule makes a fat churchyard LONG foretold, long last .. MARCH comes in like a lion .. so many MISTS in March, so many frosts in May NORTH wind doth blow .. when the OAK is before the ash .. a PECK of March dust is worth a king’s ransom RAIN before seven, fine before eleven RED sky at night, shepherd’s delight .. ROBIN Hood could brave all weathers but a thaw wind if SAINT Paul’s day be fair and clear .. SAINT Swithun’s day, if thou be fair, for forty days it will remain SEPTEMBER blow soft, till the fruit’s in the loft the SHARPER the storm, the sooner it’s over when the WIND is in the east, ‘tis neither good for man nor beastweddings happy is the BRIDE.. always a BRIDESMAID, never a bride DREAM of a funeral ..

MARRY in May, rue for aye one WEDDING brings another happy’s the WOOING that is not long a-doingwilfulness see obstinacywinners and losers see also gains and losses let them LAUGH that win he LAUGHS best who laughs last he who LAUGHS last, laughs longest what you LOSE on the swings .. you cannot LOSE what you never had what a NEIGHBOUR gets is not lost the WEAKEST go to the wall you WIN a few, you lose a few you can’t WIN them allwisdom you cannot CATCH old birds with chaff EXPERIENCE is the father of wisdom FOOLS ask questions that wise men cannot answer KNOW thyself KNOWLEDGE is power one cannot LOVE and be wise out of the MOUTHS of babes— you cannot put an OLD head on young shoulders a STILL tongue makes a wise headwishes see under wanting and havingwives and husbands see also marriage BETTER to be an old man’s darling .. a BLIND man’s wife needs no paint the GREY mare is the better horse the HUSBAND is always the last to know he that will THRIVE must first ask his wifewomen never CHOOSE your women or your linen by candlelight the FEMALE of the species is more deadly than the male

the HAND that rocks the cradle rules the world HELL hath no fury like a woman scorned LONG and lazy, little and loud .. SILENCE is a woman’s best garment a WHISTLING woman and a crowing hen . . a WOMAN, a dog, and a walnut tree .. a WOMAN and a ship ever want mending a WOMAN without a man .. a WOMAN’S place is in the home a WOMAN’S work is never donewords and deeds ACTIONS speak louder than words a BARKING dog never bites a BELLOWING COW soon forgets her calf BRAG is a good dog .. DO as I say, not as I do EMPTY vessels make the most sound EXAMPLE is better than precept FINE words butter no parsnips MUCH cry and little wool an OUNCE of practice is worth a pound of precept PRACTISE what you preach STICKS and stones may break my bones.. TALK is cheapwork see also diligence; trades and skills ANOTHER day, another dollar a BAD workman blames his tools never send a BOY to do a man’s job two BOYS are half a boy .. you cannot make BRICKS without straw BUSINESS before pleasure he who CAN, does .. let the COBBLER stick to his last the COBBLER to his last .. EVERY man to his trade FOOLS and bairns should never see half-done work why KEEP a dog and bark yourself? KEEP no more cats than will catch mice the LABOURER is worthy of his hire MANY hands make light work PAY beforehand was never well served

a SHORT horse is soon curried if a THING’S worth doing, it’s worth doing well TOO many cooks spoil the broth a WOMAN’S work is never done all WORK and no play makes Jack a dull boy WORK expands so as to fill the time available if you won’t WORK you shan’t eatworry see stresswrong-doers see also error a BAD penny always turns up CHEATS never prosper to ERR is human .. EVIL doers are evil dreaders the GREATER the sinner, the greater the saint a GUILTY conscience needs no accuser HANG a thief when he’s young .. there is HONOUR among thieves an IDLE brain is the Devil’s workshop ILL weeds grow apace LITTLE thieves are hanged .. OFFENDERS never pardon OLD sins cast long shadows ONCE a whore, always a whore an old POACHER makes the best gamekeeper if there were no RECEIVERS.. give a man ROPE enough .. set a THIEF to catch a thief when THIEVES fall out ..youth whom the GODS love die young the GOOD die young you cannot put an OLD head on young shoulders SOON ripe, soon rotten WANTON kittens make sober cats YOUNG folks think old folks to be fools .. a YOUNG man married is a young man marred YOUNG saint, old devil YOUTH must be served if YOUTH knew, if age could