In plants, albinism is characterised by partial or complete loss of chlorophyll pigments and incomplete differentiation of chloroplast membranes. Albinism in plants interferes with photosynthesis, which can reduce survivability. Some plant variations may have white flowers or other parts. However, these plants are not totally devoid of chlorophyll. Terms associated with this phenomenon are “hypochromia” and “albiflora”.
The primary function of pigments in plants is photosynthesis, which uses the green pigment chlorophyll along with several red and yellow pigments including porphyrins, carotenoids, anthocyanins and betalains.

Paphiopedilum venustum var. measuresianum

Described: Wallich ex Sims in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, 47, t. 2129 (1820)
Transferred: Pfitzer in Pringsheim, Jahrbcher fur wissenschaftliche Botanik, 19:163 (1888)
Etymology: Derived from the name of Venus, the Roman goddess of love and beauty; named for the beauty of the flower.
Leaves: 4-5, 10-25 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, above mottled dark green and grey-green, below purple-spotted, basal margins ciliate
Inflorescence: 1- (rarely 2-) flowered, 10-23 cm long, purple, shortly pubescent
Bloom: 8-9 cm wide, extremely variable
Elevation: 60-1350 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: January-March
Ecology: grows in a variety of habitats, sometimes in jungle undergrowth or bamboo thickets at the base of cliffs, sometimes in tree crotches

Paphiopedilum venustum was discovered in 1816 by WALLICH in Banglades. The plants were introduced to Europe from the Botanic Garden at Calcutta by the Britisch Company of WHITLEY, BRAMES and MILLNE. Paphiopedilum venustum is with a span of 45 cm . The single leaves are up to 22 cm long and 4 to 5 cm broad. The inflorescence is 15 to 20 cm high. Paphiopedilum venustum var. measuresianum is albino forms of the species. The synthesis of the reddisch pigments are blocked genetically. The flower, therefore, exhibits only white, yellow and green .

Paphiopedilum venustum is an easy to grow species. Flowering period : February – April. resting period: November through December

Hài venustum được phát hiện vào năm 1816 bởi WALLICH ở Bangladesh. Các cây hài được vào châu Âu từ Vườn bách thảo tại Calcutta bởi Công ty Britisch của WHITLEY, BRAMES và MILLNE. Lá hài venustum có độ dài 45 cm. Các lá đơn dài tới 22 cm và rộng 4 đến 5 cm. Cụm hoa cao từ 15 đến 20 cm. Paphiopedilum venustum var. measurianum là hình thức bạch tạng. Sắc tố màu đỏ bị chặn về mặt di truyền. Hoa, do đó, chỉ trưng bày màu trắng, vàng và xanh lá cây.

Tháng tư năm 2020 tôi mua hai cây hài từ vườn Großräschener Orchideen ,  4 chồi và 2 chồi , cây đã nở hoa một lần. Lá hài dài 24 cm khi nở hoa.

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ): 2 plants (Großräschener Orchideen ) , 1 plant ( Popow Orchids )

December 2020 , Germany

Paphiopedilum charlesworthii forma sandowiae

Described: Rolfe in Orchid Review, 1(10): 303 (1893)
Transferred: Pfitzer in Engler, Botanische Jahrbucher, 19: 40 (1894)
Etymology: Named for J. Charlesworth of the English nursery Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., which introduced the species to Europe.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum charlesworthii fma. sandowiae Braem in Orchidees. Culture et Protection, No. 36: 35-38 (1998) – albino form
Leaves: 4-6, up to 15 cm long, 3 cm wide, above green, below pale green spotted purple at the base
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, 8-15 cm long, pale green with maroon spots, shortly pubescent
Bloom: up to 9 cm wide
Elevation: 1200-1600 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: September-October
Ecology: high, steep, isolated limestone peaks
Mean Temperature Range: 12-22°C
Light: light-moderate shade
Medium: calcareous, roots clinging to the rocks, sometimes without medium

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ): 1 plant ( Quintal Farms )

Paphiopedilum philippinense forma alboflavum

Described: Reichenbach fil. in Bonplandia, 10: 335 (1862)
Transferred: Stein in Stein’s Orchideenbuch, 480 (1892)
Etymology: Named for its country of origin, the Philippines.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum philippinense fma. alboflavum Gruss in Die Orchidee, 51(3): 354-355 (2000) – albino form
Leaves: 6-9, 20-50 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, thick, uniformly green
Inflorescence: 2-5 flowered, purple, shortly purple-pubescent
Bloom: extremely variable, up to 9 cm wide
Elevation: sea level-500 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: January-April
Ecology: usually found on limestone cliffs and boulders, occasionally found on branches of trees
Mean: Temperature Range: 23-27°C
Light: light shade
Medium: calcareous, leaf litter

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ): 1 plant ( Schwerter Orchideen )

Paphiopedilum wardii forma alboviride

Described: Summerhayes in Gardener’s Chronicle, 3rd series, 92: 446 (1932)
Etymology: Named for Frank Kingdom Ward, a British Army Captain that discovered the species in 1922.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum wardii fma. alboviride (Gruss & Roeth in Die Orchidee, 49(3): 141-143 (1998)) Braem in Orchidees. Culture et Protection, No. 36: 35-38 (1998)
Synonyms: none
Leaves: 3-5, up to 17 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, above mottled blue-green and pale green, below purple-spotted
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, 20-45 cm long, purple, densely pubescent
Bloom: 8-13 cm wide
Elevation: 1200-1500 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: ?
Ecology: forest floor at the base of trees, sometimes on mossy cliff faces
Mean Temperature Range: 12-22°C
Light: light shade
Medium: deep leaf litter, mosses

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ): 2 plants ( Schwerter Orchideen ) , 1 Plant ( Popow Orchids )

Paphiopedilum fairrieanum fma. bohlmannianum

Described: Lindley in Gardener’s Chronicle, 1st. series, 17: 740 (1857)
Transferred: Stein in Stein’s Orchideenbuch, 467 (1892)
Etymology: Named for R. Fairrie, who first exhibited the plant before the RHS in 1857.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum fairrieanum fma. bohlmannianum (Matho in Orchideenbrief, I/42, (July 1942)) Braem in Orchidees. Culture et Protection, No. 36: 35-38 (1998) – albino form
Leaves: 4-8, 8-28 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, above mid- to dark-green with faint mottling, below pale green
Inflorescence: 1- (rarely 2-) flowered, 12-45 cm long, light green, purple-pubescent
Bloom: 5-8 cm wide
Plant: forms clumps in the wild
Elevation: 1400-2200 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: October-January
Ecology: From Cribb 1998, found on “outcrops of crystalline limestone on sheltered grassy slopes, on rocks in oak forest, on open gneiss ledges amongst grasses with good drainage and in dolomitic gravel on ledges above rivers and streams.”
Mean Temperature Range: 6-21°C
Light: light-moderate shade
Medium: calcareous, grass and leaf litter

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  3 plants ( Popow Orchids )

Paphiopedilum haynaldianum album

Leaves: 6-7, up to 30 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, above dull green, below keeled
Inflorescence: 2-8 flowered, up to 75 cm long, pubescent
Bloom: 10-16 cm wide
Elevation: sea level -1400 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: January-March
Ecology: granite, serpentine, and limestone boulders
Mean Temperature Range: 16-22°C
Light: light-moderate shade
Medium: humus, leaf litter

Juli 2020

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  1 plant ( Sam Tsui )

Paphiopedilum lowii aureum

Leaves: 4-6, 20-40 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, uniformly green
Inflorescence: 3-7 flowered, green mottled purple, shortly pubescent
Bloom: 9-17 cm wide
Elevation: 760-1370 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: April-June
Mean Temperature Range: ~19-20°C, temp range varies due to wide geographical distribution
Light: light shade
Medium: leaf litter
The widespread range of P. lowii makes specific guidelines problematic

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  1 plant ( Sam Tsui )

Paphiopedilum fowliei fma album

Described: Birk in Orchid Digest, 45(2): 63-64 (1981)
Etymology: Named for the late Dr. Jack Fowlie, former editor of Orchid Digest and Paphiopedilum enthusiast.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum fma. christianae Braem in Orchidees. Culture et Protection, 36: 35-38 (1998)
Leaves: 4-6, 10-14 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, mottled dark and light green, basal margins ciliate
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, 20-28 cm long, purple, pubescent
Bloom: 6-9 cm wide
Elevation: 600-950 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: January-April
Ecology: limestone rock
Mean Temperature Range: 23-24°C
Light: light-moderate shade
Medium: leaf litter

Paphiopedilum sukhakuli fma album

Described: Schoser & Senghas in Die Orchidee, 16: 109-110 (1965)
Etymology: Named for Prasong Sukhakul, a Thai orchid grower
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum sukhakulii fma. aureum Van Delden ex Gruss in Die Orchidee, Beiheft 6: 15-16 (1999)
Leaves: 3-4, up to 13 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, above mottled dark and yellow-green, below without purple-spotting
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, purple, finely white-pubescent
Bloom: 11-15 cm wide
Elevation: 250-1000 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: ?
Ecology: forest floor, often near streams
Mean Temperature Range: 17-25°C
Light: light to moderate shade
Medium: sandy humus-rich loam mixed with leaf litter

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  1 plant ( Schwerter Orchideen  )

Paphiopedilum tonsum fma album

Described: Reichenbach fil. in Gardener’s Chronicle, 2nd series, 20: 262 (1883)
Transferred: Stein in Stein’s Orchideenbuch, 488 (1892)
Etymology: Derived from the Latin tondeo, meaning shaven; named for the smooth hairless warts and floral parts.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum tonsum var. braemii (H. Mohr in Orchideen, 51(6): 175-176 (1989)) Gruss in Caesiana, 3: 27 (1994) – smaller, greener variety
Paphiopedilum tonsum fma. alboviride Braem in Orchidees. Culture et Protection, 36: 35-38 (1998) – albino form
Leaves: 5-7, up to 20 cm long, 5 cm wide, above mottled green and dark green, below keeled
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, up to 35 cm long, green with dense purple spotting, shortly pubescent
Bloom: 10-14 cm wide

in situ

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  1 plant ( Popow Orchids  )

Paphiopedilum papuanum fma album

Described: Ridley ex Rendle in Gardener’s Chronicle, 3rd series, 58: 131 (1915)
Transferred: L.O. Williams in Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University, 12(5): 149 (1946)
Etymology: Named for its island of origin, Papua (New Guinea).
Varieties & Forms: none
Leaves: 4-6, 7-22 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, mottled dark and light green
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, 15-28 cm long, purple, pubescent
Bloom: 6-9 cm wide
Plant: found as single growths in nature
Elevation: 800-1050, 1700 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: ?
Ecology: found just below the tops of limestone ridges
Mean Temperature Range: 18-23°C
Light: light shade
Medium: loose humus & leaf litter over the rock beneath

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  1 plant ( Popow Orchids  )

Paphiopedilum hennisianum fma christiansenii

Described: M.W. Wood in Orchid Review, 84(1001): 352 (1976)
Transferred: Fowlie in Orchid Digest, 41(2): 60-61 (1977)
Etymology: Named for Kurt Hennis of Hildesheim, Germany, an avid orchid grower.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum fma. christiansenii (Gruss & Roeth in Die Orchidee, 47(5): 234-236 (1996)) Gruss & Roeth in Caesiana, No. 12: 57-65 (1999) – albino form
Leaves: 4-6, up to 18 cm long, 4 cm wide, above mottled dark and light green, basal margins ciliate
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, up to 32 cm long, purple, pubescent
Bloom: 7-10 cm wide
Elevation: 650-1050 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: March-June
Ecology: forest floor
Mean Temperature Range: 20-23°C
Light: moderate shade
Medium: leaf litter, mosses, humus

Paphiopedilum kolopakingii fma. katharinae

Described: Fowlie in Orchid Digest, 48(1): 41 (1984) – Described based on plants found by a commercial collector in central Kalimantan.
Etymology: Named after A. Kolopaking, owner of Simanis Orchids in East Java, Indonesia, who first flowered the plants in cultivation.
Varieties & Forms: none
Leaves: 8-10, 20-80 cm long, 5-12 cm wide, stand suberect, dark green
Inflorescence: 5-19 flowered, 40-100 cm long, green, glabrous
Bloom: 8-17 cm wide
Plant: one of the largest in the genus
Elevation: 600-1000 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: ?
Ecology: found on rocky cliffs above gorges
Mean Temperature Range: ?
Light: ?
Medium: leaf litter in rock crevices

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  2 plants ( Sam Tsui )

Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum fma. hyeanum

Described: Reichenbach fil. in Gardener’s Chronicle, 2nd series, 10: 748 (1878)
Transferred: Pfitzer in Pringsheim, Jahrbcher fur wissenschaftliche Botanik, 19:163 (1888)
Etymology: Named for Sir Trevor Lawrence, avid orchid grower and president of the Royal Horticultural Society.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum fma. hyeanum (Linden fil. & Rodigas in Lindenia, 1:89, plate 42 (1885)) Gruss & Roeth in Caesiana, No. 12: 57-65 (1999) – albino form
Synonyms: none
Leaves: 5-6, up to 19 cm long, 4-7 cm long, above mottled dark and yellow green, below pale green
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, up to 31 cm long, maroon, pubescent
Bloom: 9-13 cm wide
Plant: found in small colonies
Elevation: 300-450 m (in question)
Peak Flowering in the Wild: ?
Ecology: usually found on the forest floor, occasionally on moss-covered limestone rock
Mean Temperature Range: 23-24°C
Light: moderate shade
Medium: leaf litter, mosses

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ): 20 ( Sam Tsui )

Paphiopedilum primulinum var. album

paphiopedilum wenshanense

paphiopedulum wenshanense forma album

_______________________________________________________

Paphiopedilum Species
The tropical slipper orchids of Asia

Paphiopedilum isigne fma. sanderianum

Described: Wallich ex Lindley in Collectanea Botanica, t. 32 (1821)
Transferred: Pfitzer in Morphologische Studien uber die Orchideenbluthe, 11 (1886)
Etymology: Derived from the latin insigne, meaning ‘badge of honor’; named for the striking nature of the flower.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum insigne fma. sanderae (Reichenbach fil. in Gardener’s Chronicle, 3rd series, 4(103): 692-693 (1888)) Gruss et Roeth in Caesiana 12: 62 (1999) – near-albino form with dots on the dorsal sepal and/or red hairs at the bases of the petals and sepals
Paphiopedilum insigne fma. sanderianum (Rolfe in Orchid Review, 1(5): 145 (1893)) Gruss et Roeth in Caesiana 12: 62 (1999) – albino form
Synonyms: none
Leaves: 5-6, up to 32 cm long, 3 cm wide, above green, below spotted purple at the base
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, up to 25 cm long, green, shortly purple-pubescent
Bloom: 7-12 cm wide, extremely variable
Elevation: 1000-1500 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: October-January
Ecology: dolomitic limestone outcrops near waterfalls
Mean Temperature Range: 11-22° C
Light: light shade
Medium: calcareous, humus, shrub debris

Paphiopedilum dianthum fma album

Described: Tang & Wang in Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping, Biological series, 10: 24 (1940)
Etymology: Name meaning ‘two-flowers’, possibly in reference to the typical flower count of plants in the wild.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum dianthum fma. album hort. ex Gruss in Die Orchidee 54(1): 63 (2003) – albino form
Leaves: 4-6, 20-50 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, above dark green, below pale green
Inflorescence: 2-5 flowered, green, base sparsely papillose
Bloom: 10-18 cm wide, 10-15 cm tall
Plant: can reach 15+ growths in the wild
Elevation: 600-1450 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: September-November
Ecology: shady cliffs and steep rocks just below the summits of karst limestone mountains
Found growing with: Paph. micranthum, Paph. hirsutissimum var. esquirolei, Paph malipoense, P. henryanum
Mean Temperature Range: 12-23° C
Light: deep shade
Medium: calcareous, mosses, leaf litter

Paphiopedilum dianthum
–Lan hài râu, lan hài râu xoắn lá 4-6 chiếc, dài 15-30cm. chùm hoa dài 30-40cm, hoa 1-5 chiếc to 15cm nở vào mùa hạ.
– Phân bổ ở các tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc.

in situ

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  1 plant ( Asendorfer Orchideen  )

Paphiopedilum callosum forma viridiflorum

Described: Reichenbach fil. in Gardener’s Chronicle, 2nd series, 26: 326 (1886)
Transferred: Stein in Stein’s Orchideenbuch, 457 (1892)
Etymology: From the Latin callosus, meaning thick-skinned.
Varieties & Forms:
Cypripedium callosum var. sanderae hort. in Gardener’s Chronicle, 3rd series, 15:663 (1894) – synonym for the albino form
Leaves: 3-5, 10-20 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, above mottled pale and dark green, below sometimes purple-suffused, basal margins ciliate
Inflorescence: 1- (rarely 2-) flowered, 12-25 cm long, purple, purple-pubescent
Bloom: 8-11 cm across, petals held at ~45°
Elevation: 300-1300 m.
Peak Flowering in the Wild: April-June
Ecology: along rivulets in closed forests over granite or sandstone
Mean Temperature Range: 19-24°C
Light: moderately deep shade
Medium: deep leaf litter, occasionally on mossy boulders

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  1 plant ( Asendorfer Orchideen  )

Paphiopedilum appletonianum alboviridescens

Described: Gower in The Garden, 1: 95 (1893)
Transferred: Rolfe in Orchid Review, 4: 364 (1896)
Etymology: Named for W.M. Appleton, who was first to flower the species in Europe.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum appletonianum var. hainanense (Fowlie in Orchid Digest, 51(2): 69-70 (1987)) Braem, Baker & Baker in The Genus Paphiopedilum, 2: 295 (1999)
Paphiopedilum appletonianum fma. album (hort. ex Asher in Orchid Digest, 44: 227 (1980)) Gruss in Die Orchidee 51(6): 746 (2000) – albino form
Leaves: 6-8, 10-25 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, above green with obscure dark green mottling, below keeled with purple marks at the base
Inflorescence: 1- (rarely 2-) flowered, 15-50 cm long, purple, shortly pubescent
Bloom: 6-10 cm wide, staminode extremely variable, transversely elliptic
Elevation: 700-2000 m.
Peak Flowering in the Wild: March-May
Ecology: wet forests on steep granite slopes or along damp river canyons near waterfalls
Mean Temperature Range: 8-19°C
Light: moderate shade
Medium: leaf litter, humus, occasionally found on mossy boulders and trees

Paphiopedilum appletonianum
– Tên thường gọi: Lan hài táo
– Dáng cây đẹp, hoa sặc sỡ dễ trồng đáng có trong bộ sưu tập lan hài.
– Hoa nở vào mùa xuân.
Phân bố: Kon Plong, Kon Tum, Đà Lạt, Lạc Dương.

Paphiopedilum delatinii Album

Leaves: 5-7, up to 11 cm long, 4 cm wide, above mottled dark and pale green, below purple-spotted
Inflorescence: 1- (occasionally 2-) flowered, up to 22 cm long, green, purple-spotted, white-hirsute
Bloom: 7-10 cm natural spread
Elevation: 750-1300 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: December
Ecology: evergreen forests on granite and gneiss bluffs along montane river canyons
Mean Temperature Range: 19-25° C
Light: moderate shade
Medium: thin sandy soil with very little humus or leaf liter

Paphiopedilum delenatii
– Thêm một loài lan hài đặc hữu của Việt Nam.
– Lan hài hồng hay vệ hài Delenat là những tên Việt

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  2 plants ( Schwerter Orchideen )

Paphiopedilum helenae album

Described: Averyanov in Botanical Journal (St. Petersburg, Russia), 81(9): 108 (1996) – discovered in 1995 by L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, and D.D. Huyen in northern Vietnam
Etymology: Named for Mrs. Helen Averyanova, wife of Leonid Averyanov, who led the team that discovered it.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum helenae fma. aureum Gruss & Roeth in Die Orchidee 50: 2-3 (1999) – albino form
Leaves: 3-5, 3-12 cm long, .5-2 cm wide, above green with pale white to yellow margins, below purple-marked near the base
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, 4-7 cm long, shortly-densely black-purple pubescent
Bloom: 3-6 cm wide
Plant: clustered growth
Elevation: 500-1000 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: September-November
Ecology: open, dry, mossy forests on ledges and cliffs near the tops of highly eroded limestone mountains and ridges
Mean Temperature Range: 10-25°C
Light: light shade
Medium: calcareous, roots clinging to the rock, sometimes exposed, leaf and grass debris

Paphiopedilum helenae occurs in northern Viet Nam, in Cao Bang Province only. It is a local endemic with a very restricted distribution. It is quite possible that this species occurred in the past in the border territory of southern China allied to Cao Bang and Lang Son provinces of Viet Nam. It grows in primary, broad-leaved, evergreen, mixed, open, mossy and coniferous dry forests in rocky crystalline limestone closed forests, steep slopes and crevices of shrubby cliffs at elevations of 100 to 900 meters.

Paphiopedilum helenae
Tên Việt: Hài hê len, Lan hài lùn, hài Cao Bằng.
Mô tả: Cây rất nhỏ, lá 3-5 chiếc xanh thẫm dài 8-12cm. Dò hoa cao 5-7cm. Hoa nở vào mùa thu.
Phân bổ ở Cao Bằng, Thái Nguyên, Bắc Cạn.

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  1 plant ( Sam Tsui ), 2 plants ( Schwerter Orchideen )

Paphiopedilum tranlienianum album

Described: Gruss & Perner in Caesiana, 7(11): 63-73 (1998), based on a plant imported into Germany which flowered within a month of arrival
Etymology: named for Mrs. Tran Ngo Lien, who first exported the plant from Vietnam
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum tranlienianum fma. alboviride Gruss in Die Orchidee, 56(2): 70 (2005) – albino form
Leaves: 3-6, up to 18 cm long, 2 cm wide, above glossy green with a pale margin, below paler green, sharply keeled
Inflorescence: 1- (rarely 2-) flowered, 7-15 cm long, bright green, densely-shortly yellow-brown pubescent
Bloom: 5-6 cm wide, 5-7 cm tall
Plant: often forms clumps
Elevation: 400-750 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: September-November
Ecology: slopes and rocky cliffs of limestone mountains in the lowlands of central northern Vietnam
Mean Temperature Range: 12-25° C
Light: light-moderate shade
Medium: calcareous, humus in limestone nooks

Paphiopedilum tranlienianum
– Lan hài Trần Liên, lan hài đặc hữu của Việt Nam. Hoa nở vào mùa thu.
– Phân bố ở Thái Nguyên, Cao Bằng, Bắc Cạn.
– Loài cây làm cảnh quý vì hiếm, có hoa đẹp sặc sỡ, hài hòa với lá hình dải.

Paphiopedilum henryanum album

Described: Braem in Schlechteriana, Fascicle 1: 3-6 (3 September, 1987) – based on a plant bloomed in Germany after being imported from China, predated Lückel’s description of P. dollii by two weeks
Etymology: Named for Henry Azadehdel, who first introduced the species to Europe
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum henryanum fma. christae Braem in Schlechteriana, 2(4): 157-162 (1991) – semi-albino color form
Paphiopedilum henryanum fma. album Gruss in Caesiana 18: 41 (2002) – albino form
Leaves: 3-6, 10-17 cm long 1-2 cm wide, above glossy dark green with a distinct yellow margin, below keeled on the mid-vein
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, 12-15 cm long, green to purple-brown, purple-brown pubescent
Bloom: 4-6 cm wide, 4-5 cm long
Plant: clustered growths
Elevation: 900-1400 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: September-November
Ecology: grows in small colonies on steep limestone slopes or cliffs
Mean Temperature Range: 12-25
Light: light-moderate shade
Medium: calcareous, roots attached to limestone rock, thin soil and leaf litter, pH 6.4

Paphiopedilum henryanum
– Tên Việt: Lan hài henry.
– Lá 3-6 chiếc màu xanh thẫm. Dò hoa cao 12-15cm, hoa nở vào mùa Thu
– Nơi mọc: Hà Giang, Tuyên Quang.

Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum album

Described: Tang & Wang in Acta Phytotaxinomica Sinica, 1(1): 56 (1951)
Transferred: Cribb in The Genus Paphiopedilum, 140 (1987)
nflorescence: similar to that of var. esquirolei
Bloom: differs from the tyical variety in having smaller flowers lacking marginal undulation.
Elevation: 900-1450 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: March-May
Ecology: cooler and wetter conditions at higher elevations than var. esquirolei, found on limestone rock
Mean Temperature Range: 11-22° C
Light: light shade
Medium: calcareous, humus, leaf litter

Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum
– Tên Việt: Lan hài lông, Lan hài vệ nữ.
– Phân bố: Các tỉnh miền núi phía bắc
– Là loài Lan hài mọc nhiều nhất ở Việt Nam,

in situ

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  1 plant ( Sam Tsui  ), 2 plants ( Popow Orchids )

Paphuiopedilum barbigerum fma aureum

Described: Perner & Herrmann in Die Orchidee, 51(5): 622-624 (2000) – Described based on photographs taken by Rolf Herrmann in private nurseries in Hanoi.
Etymology: Derived from the latin coccineus, meaning ‘scarlet-colored’; named for the red center of the dorsal sepal.
Varieties & Forms: none
Leaves: 4-6, 8-14 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, uniformly green
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, 14-18 cm long, brown-purple, shortly light-brown pubescent
Bloom: 6-10 cm wide, larger than that of Paph. barbigerum
Elevation: 600-1000 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: September-October
Ecology: scattered plants or small colonies growing in cracks or on ridges near the summits of eroded limestone mountains
Mean Temperature Range: 12-23°C
Light: light shade
Medium: calcareous, thin soil, leaf litter

Paphiopedilum barbigerum – Lan hài lục
Được tìm thấy ở Việt Nam và Trung Quốc, với kích thước nhỏ phát triển gần các gốc rêu trên các vách đá dốc đứng trong các khu rừng thường xanh ở độ cao 300-1200m. Lá 4-6 chiếc, chùm hoa dài 16-20cm, hoa một bông to 6.5cm nở vào mùa thu.

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  2 plants ( Popow orchids  )

Paphiopedilum villosum fma aureum

Described: Lindley in Gardener’s Chronicle, 1st. series, 14:135 (1854), discovered by Thomas Lobb in Burma in 1853, introduced into cultivation by Mssrs. Veitch & Sons.
Transferred: Stein in Stein’s Orchideenbuch, 490 (1892)
Etymology: Derived from the latin villosus, meaning hairy; named for the long, soft hairs on the inflorescence, ovary and flower.
Varieties & Forms:
Paphiopedilum villosum fma. aureum Braem in Orchidees. Culture et Protection, No. 36: 35-38 (1998) – albino form
Leaves: 4-5, 14-42 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, above light green, below purple-spotted at the base
Inflorescence: 1-flowered, 7-24 cm long, green spotted purple, white-purple villose
Bloom: 7-14 cm wide
Plant: forms large clumps
Elevation: 1400-2000 m
Peak Flowering in the Wild: April-May
Ecology: usually found growing in pockets of humus on trees 10-15 m above ground; sometimes found in humus-filled nooks in granite, gneiss or other silicate rocks
Mean Temperature Range: 8-19° C
Light: moderate-shade
Medium: acidic, humus & leaf litter

paphiopedilum villosum var. densissinum alboviride

paphiopedilum villosum  var. boxallii alboviride

Paphiopedium villosum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895
Tên Việt: Kim hài (PHH), Lan hài vàng (TH).
Mô tả: lá 4-5 chiếc, dò hoa cao 20-30cm phân hoa 1 chiếc to 12-15cm, nở vào mùa thu.
Nơi mọc: Chu Pao, Gia Lai, núi Bì Đúp, Lạc Dương

in situ

Eigene Pflanzen ( Own plants ):  2 plants ( Popow Orchids  )

paphiopedilum villosum var. annamense fma aureum

December 2020 , Germany

Continue reading “Paphiopedilum Albino Forms” →

Circular Quay est un quartier et un port de voyageurs du centre-ville de Sydney, dans l’État de Nouvelle-Galles-du-Sud (Australie). Il est situé à la pointe nord du Centre d’affaires de Sydney, sur la crique de Sydney Cove, entre les quartiers de Bennelong Point et de The Rocks. Sydney Cove, une crique au sud de la baie de Port Jackson, est le lieu où a débarqué la First Fleet pour la première fois, le 26 janvier 1788. En 1794, Thomas Muir, un réformateur écossais, est déporté en Australie pour sédition et achète la ferme de Lightfoot. Il possède également une petite maison sur ce qui est aujourd’hui Circular Quay.

Darling Harbour is a harbour adjacent to the city centre of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is also a large recreational and pedestrian precinct that is situated on western outskirts of the Sydney central business district. Originally named Long Cove, the locality extends northwards from Chinatown, along both sides of Cockle Bay to King Street Wharf 3 on the east, and to the suburb of Pyrmont on the west. Cockle Bay is just one of the waterways that makes up Darling Harbour, which opens north into the much larger Port Jackson.

Der botanische Garten wurde 1816 gegründet, er war ein Teil des Gartens des Governors. Mit dem ersten Botaniker der noch jungen Kolonie, Charles Frazer, der nahezu 3000 Pflanzen aus Großbritannien erfolgreich anbaute[1], begann 1817 eine lange Geschichte des Sammelns und des Studiums der Pflanzen. Der botanische Garten von Sydney ist damit die älteste wissenschaftliche Institution in Australien und spielte eine wichtige Rolle in der Ansiedelung von Pflanzen aus anderen Regionen. Charles Moore, Direktor von 1848 bis 1896, hat viel zur Entwicklung des botanischen Gartens, wie wir ihn heute kennen, beigetragen.

 

Hôm nay , mùa Xuân trở lại tôi khăn gói lên đường . Phi trường Düsseldorf với Singapore Airline.

Today, spring back I packed up the road. Düsseldorf Airport with Singapore Airlines.

Đây là lần thứ ba tôi trở lại xứ sở con Kängurus

This is the third time I came back to down under

Năm 1993

Năm 2000

Hamilton Island is the largest inhabited island of the Whitsunday Islands in Queensland, Australia. It is positioned approximately 887 kilometres (551 mi) north of Brisbane and 512 kilometres (318 mi) south of Cairns. It is also the only island in the Great Barrier Reef with its own commercial airport, with short direct flights from Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Cairns. Like most in the Whitsunday group, Hamilton Island, was formed as sea levels rose which created numerous drowned mountains that are situated close to the east coast of Queensland.

Khu Cabramatta cách trung tâm Sydney 40km, được gọi là Sài Gòn – Chợ Lớn thu nhỏ của người Việt tại Australia. Nơi đây có khoảng 40.000 người Việt sinh sống hơn 30 năm qua.

Đến Cabramatta, chúng ta có cảm giác như đang ở Chợ Lớn của TP.HCM. Đến đây, mọi người có thể thưởng thức tất cả các món ăn Việt với giá cả phải chăng; có thể thuê luật sư giúp các dịch vụ khai thuế, làm giấy tờ; có thể đổi các loại tiền và chuyển tiền đến các nước trên thế giới; có thể vay tiền kinh doanh, làm nhà…

If you want to visit Asia whilst in Sydney, catch a train out to Cabramatta (50 minutes by train or drive on the way to Liverpool in Fairfield, the south west of Sydney) and enjoy great Asian food.

Actually, it is even more diverse and growing so all the time, with nationalities from over 120 countries working and living there.

The Sydney Harbour Bridge is a steel through arch bridge across Sydney Harbour that carries rail, vehicular, bicycle, and pedestrian traffic between the Sydney central business district (CBD) and the North Shore. The dramatic view of the bridge, the harbour, and the nearby Sydney Opera House is an iconic image of Sydney, and Australia. The bridge is nicknamed “The Coathanger” because of its arch-based design.

Thánh thất New South Wales là một công trình tôn giáo của Đạo Cao Đài tại thành phố Sydney, bang New South Wales, miền Đông Nam nước Úc.

Được xây dựng trong thập niên 1990 và được khánh thành vào cuối năm 2000, Thánh thất này trở thành Thánh thất Cao Đài đầu tiên có kiến trúc gần giống với Tòa Thánh Tây Ninh tọa lạc bên ngoài lãnh thổ Việt Nam, đồng thời là một công trình tôn giáo nổi bậc tại vùng Wiley Park.

The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, Australia. It is one of the 20th century’s most famous and distinctive buildings.[1]

Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, the building was formally opened on 20 October 1973[1] after a gestation beginning with Utzon’s 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition.

The government of New South Wales, led by the premier, Joseph Cahill, authorised work to begin in 1958 with Utzon directing construction.

The government’s decision to build Utzon’s design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well as the architect’s ultimate resignation.

Queen Victoria Building

Das imposante Gebäude, das um 1890 herum erbaut wurde, diente zunächst als Markthalle von der Größe einer Kathedrale. 1986 wurde das QVB nach einer gelungenen Restaurierung wiedereröffnet und entwickelte sich schnell zum beliebtesten und exklusivsten Einkaufszentrum Sydneys.

Conceived in the boom years of the 1880s and built in a recession, the Queen Victoria Building was designed to replace the scrappy George Street Markets with a grand European-style fresh produce market. When completed in 1898, it was named the Queen Victoria Markets in honour of the reigning monarch.

Queen Victoria Building is a large building in Sydney that has a long history.

The building is a major attraction and is open every day with a wide variety of shops.

Shops are located on three levels and here you will find some of the most interesting shopping in Sydney.

Die Sydney Town Hall ist ein Gebäude aus dem lokalen Hawkesbury-Sandstein in der Innenstadt von Sydney in Australien. Es befindet sich gegenüber dem Queen Victoria Building, in der Nähe der St Andrew’s Cathedral und der U-Bahn-Station Town Hall Station. In der Haupthalle des Gebäudes, der Centennial Hall, befindet sich eine der größten Orgelpfeifen der Welt

St Andrew’s Cathedral is the cathedral church of the Anglican Diocese of Sydney in the Anglican Church of Australia. The cathedral is the seat of the Anglican Archbishop of Sydney and Metropolitan of New South Wales, the Most Reverend Glenn Davies, elected August 2013.

Bishop William Grant Broughton, who was consecrated as a bishop in 1836, had a new foundation stone laid in 1837.

The plans, prepared by the architect James Hume, were of much more modest proportions and were for a traditional cruciform church in the Gothic style.

The designs, dating from the early phase of Gothic Revival architecture, did not show a great expertise in the handling of the particular architectural vocabulary. Only one notable section was completed, the façade of the south transept. However, the foundations were laid and some of the walls were constructed up to a height of about 15 feet.

St Patrick’s Cathedral, Parramatta is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta and the seat and residence of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia, currently the Most Reverend Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv.

With origins of the first mass occurring on the present day site of the cathedral going back to 1803, St Patrick’s was extensively rebuilt after a 1996 fire devastated the original church established in 1854.

A tower was built on the original St Patrick’s Church which was consecrated in 1880 and blessed in 1883. A cast bronze bell was installed in the tower in 1904. As the needs of the parish grew, a new church was built on the site in 1936 incorporating the existing tower and spire (pictured above). When the Diocese of Parramatta was established in 1986, St Patrick’s Church was designated as St Patrick’s Cathedral.

Sydney Chinatown
The current location is the third in Sydney to be known as Chinatown. In the late 19th century, it was located in the Rocks area of Sydney and later moved to the area near Market Street at Darling Harbour.

By the 1920s, it began to be established in its current location. Chinatown is centred on Dixon Street, a pedestrian street mall with many Chinese restaurants, and with a Paifang at each end. At the eastern side, running parallel with Dixon Street, are Sussex Street, which has a number of shops, and George Street, one of Sydney’s main thoroughfares.

At the eastern end of Chinatown, at the corner of George Street and Hay Street, there is a sculpture made from a dead tree trunk; created by artist Lin Li in 1999 and named Golden Water Mouth, it was said by its instigators to bring good fortune to the Chinese community.

Other streets and lanes within Sydney’s Chinatown include Factory Street, Goulburn Street, Little Hay Street, Kimber Lane and Thomas Street.

Palm Beach liegt etwas mehr als eine Autostunde vom Stadtzentrum Sydneys entfernt an der Spitze einer langen Halbinsel mit der Ozeanbrandung auf der einen und der Ria Pittwater auf der anderen Seite.

Zahlreiche wohlhabende Australier haben hier am exklusiven Ende der nördlichen Strände von Sydney ihre Ferienhäuser errichtet. Fans der Fernsehserie Home and Away ist Palm Beach auch als Drehkulisse für das fiktive Dorf Summer Bay bekannt.

Der 2 Kilometer lange goldene Strand zieht sich vom Barrenjoey Head am südlichen Vorsprung der Broken Bay bis zu den Sandsteinfelsen am Little Head im Süden.

Palm Beach liegt an der Spitze einer langen Halbinsel, eingerahmt vom Ozean auf der einen und den ruhigen Gewässern des Pittwater auf der anderen Seite. Über dem Nordende des Strandes erhebt sich der dramatische Barrenjoey Head. Der bei Surfern, Joggern und Spaziergängern beliebte Barrenjoey Lighthouse Walk führt zum historischen Barrenjoey Lighthouse und den Leuchtturmwärterhäuschen.

Vom Barrenjoey Lighthouse, das in den 80er Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts erbaut wurde, haben Sie einen großartigen Blick über den Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park und die Broken Bay bzw. die dramatische Küstenlinie nördlich von Sydney.

Manly Beach

in den nördlichen Vororten von Sydney zählt ebenfalls zu den beliebtesten Stränden des Landes. Seinen Namen erhielt der Strand 1788 von Captain Arthur Phillip, dem ersten Gouverneur von New South Wales, den das selbstbewusste und mannhafte („manly“) Verhalten der Aborigine-Ureinwohner aus der Gegend tief beeindruckt hatte.

Bondi Beach gehört zur australischen Metropole Sydney, ist einer der berühmtesten Strände Australiens und einer der bekanntesten Surfspots der Welt. Er liegt etwa sieben Kilometer östlich des Stadtzentrums der Großstadt.

Bondi Beach ist nach dem Sydney Opera House und der Sydney Harbour Bridge der am dritthäufigsten aufgesuchte Ort in Sydney, alle drei sind nun in der National Heritage List eingetragen.

Sydney Harbour Bridge

Die am 19. März 1932 offiziell eröffnete Sydney Harbour Bridge (deutsch Sydney Hafenbrücke) stellt die Hauptverbindung zwischen Sydneys Nord- und Südküste über den Hafen von Sydney (Port Jackson) dar und wird von Einheimischen schlicht „coat hanger“ (deutsch: Kleiderbügel) genannt.

Die Brücke wurde 2007 an ihrem 75. Jahrestag als nationales Denkmal in die Australian National Heritage List eingetragen.

The bridge was built in 1932 as a government employment project during the Great Depression. Its steel frame has become an iconic symbol of the city. While tours that climb the bridge are expensive ($158 AUD), it is free to walk or bike across it for panoramic views of the harbor and Opera House.

The Rocks

The Rocks sind das älteste Viertel Sydneys: Kurz nach der Landung der ersten Europäer in der Bucht entstanden hier Häuser aus Sandstein. Vom verwendeten Sandstein hat die Gegend ihren Namen erhalten. Das historische Viertel befindet sich nur wenige Gehminuten vom Circula Quai entfernt.

Am Rand der Rocks, direkt am Hafen (Circular Quai) steht das Cadman’s Cottage, das älteste noch stehende Haus in Sydney. Gebaut wurde es 1816, seitdem diente es verschiedenen Zwecken.

Government House is located in Sydney alongside the Royal Botanic Gardens, overlooking Sydney Harbour, just south of the Sydney Opera House. Constructed between 1837 and 1843, the property has been the official residence of the Governor of New South Wales since Sir George Gipps, except for two brief periods; the first between 1901 and 1914, when the property was leased to the Commonwealth of Australia as the residence of the Governor-General of Australia,[1] and the second from 1996 to 2011.

Der Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney, Australien, ist der größte von drei botanischen Gärten von Sydney. Der Garten ist täglich geöffnet, der Eintritt ist frei.

Der botanische Garten überblickt die Farm Cove und liegt direkt östlich vom Sydney Opera House und dem Circular Quay. Am Südende ist er durch den Cahill Expressway begrenzt. Seine Fläche beträgt über 30 Hektar.

The City of Parramatta Council, formerly known as Parramatta City Council, is a local government area in the western suburbs of Sydney, situated where the Cumberland Plain meets the Hornsby Plateau, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

Australia Day Dinner & Fireworks Cruise
Thursday 26 January 2017

Celebrate Australia Day by night on Sydney Harbour and see the spectacular Darling Harbour fireworks display up close.

The Dinner and Fireworks Australia Day cruise offers guests a spectacular view of Sydney Harbour whilst enjoying sensational food and hospitality!

CRUISE INCLUSIONS

Three hour dinner cruise on Sydney Harbour.
See the iconic views from spacious indoor and outdoor decks.
Allocated indoor restaurant-style dining.
Mouth-watering seafood and carvery buffet prepared fresh on board.
Tempting desserts, fresh fruit platters with tea and coffee.
Bar packages available or enjoy a cash bar.
Professional DJ playing something for everyone.
Spacious dance floors with storm bird lighting.
Photographer on board to capture the night.
Great views to the Darling Harbour firework spectacular

Lunar New Year celebrations at Phuoc Hue Pagode

Bach Dang Restaurant – Cabramatta

If you’re looking for real Vietnamese food, you’ve got to head to Sydney’s south west. Located just around the corner from Canley Vale station, the Bach Dang Restaurant has been serving up traditional dishes since its doors opened in 1982. The restaurant is perfect for large group dining as it’s spacious and offers table banquets, which can include up to six courses.

For anyone longing for a taste of Vietnam, Cabramatta’s the biggest slice of the real deal this side of the equator. It owes its nickname, ‘Little Saigon’, to the strength of the Vietnamese enclave there, to where thousands make their weekly pilgrimage in order to satisfy this longstanding cultural craving.

Lunar New Year celebrations continue with Sydney Tet Festival

This weekend’s Tet Festival is expected to draw 60,000 people as Sydney’s Vietnamese community celebrates the Lunar New Year. The festival starts Friday February 27 at 4:00pm and ends Sunday February 2 at 11:00pm.

Visit the Blue Mountains – Over the millennia, the ancient sandstone of this national park has been weathered into gorges lined by steep cliffs and separated by narrow ridges. Some activities in Blue Mountains National Park include seeing the magnificent rock formation of the Three Sisters (particularly stunning at sunset and under evening floodlights) or hiking along the paths that offer excellent views of the valley, sheer rock walls, tumbling waterfalls, and magnificent forests. The park is free to visit and you can get there by train from Sydney, which takes 90 minutes. If you want to hike further afield, it’s best to stay overnight!

See all the museums – Like most cities, Sydney has a wide variety of museums. There’s free entry to the Art Gallery of New South Wales (modern art), the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia at The Rocks, the Nicholson Museum (antiquities), and the Australian National Maritime Museum at Darling Harbor. I also suggest visiting the White Rabbit Gallery (contemporary Chinese art; it also has a teahouse) and The Rocks Discovery Museum (local history); both are also free. However, my favorite museum of all is the Hyde Park Barracks. Set in the old convict barracks, it does an amazing and detailed job of chronicling colonial life in the city, with lots of stories of the early settlers, and it’s well worth the $10 AUD entrance fee. If you only pay for one museum, make it this one!

Wine Tasting in the Hunter Valley – North of town is one of Australia’s premier wine regions. The Hunter Valley is home to amazing wineries that produce luscious reds. While it’s not as easy on the budget, it is an excuse to get out of the city and see the countryside. Day tours are offered from Sydney, but they are expensive ($150-200 AUD) and you spend a lot of time in the bus. Want even more fun? Try a bike tour. Grapemobile and Hunter Valley Cycling offer one-day bicycle rentals starting at $35 AUD. It’s best to stay for at least a night to get the full experience.

Take the Sydney Tower Skywalk – As tall as the Eiffel Tower and twice as high as the Harbour Bridge, the Sydney Tower offers amazing panoramic views of the city from its Skywalk at the top. At $50 AUD, it’s cheaper and easier than climbing the bridge itself, and the views are actually far better. Also included with your purchase of a Skywalk ticket is access to the “4-D” cinema experience, which includes in-theatre effects like wind and fire.

Walk one of the coastal walks – There are a number of stunning coastal walks that allow you to take in the breathtaking natural beauty of Sydney Harbor. While tons of people follow the two-hour Coogee-to-Bondi walk (skip the weekends when it’s overly crowded), I found both the shorter walk in Watson’s Bay and the Split-to-Manly walk quieter and more breathtaking.

Explore the markets – Sydney has many amazing markets to walk through. At Paddington Markets (Oxford Street; open Saturdays after 10am), the fish market (Bank Street and Pyrmont Bridge Road), Bondi Farmers Market (Campbell Parade on Bondi Beach), the flower market (Parramatta Road), and a whole lot more seasonal markets, it’s really easy to spend a lot of time wandering and shopping. I love Paddington Markets and the farmers market the best — they draw an eclectic crowd, and the farmers market makes me want to cook nonstop.

Party in King’s Cross – If you’re looking to go out and get wild on the cheap, then go to King’s Cross. This is where the beer is inexpensive and the backpackers (and locals) party late. The famous World Bar is where most of the action happens (cheap drinks and a large dance floor). For a less traveler-centric time, head to Manly, The Rocks, or the CBD (central business district) where there are more locals and less travelers (but more expensive cocktails and beers).

Sydney through my lens ©. Copyright T. Do Khac , January 2017

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